toŋqayıw
/toŋqajɯw/ · plural toŋqayıwla
toppling over, overturning, the act of tipping over — The verbal noun of toŋqayırğa "topple over, overturn". Guzeev 1996–2005 illustrates it with a car whose brakes fail, so that it runs down a slope and overturns.
- atdan toŋqayıw — toppling off a horse
- ayağı buzda uçhalab toŋqayıw — tipping over, one's foot slipping on the ice
- maşinanı toŋqayıwu — the overturning of the car
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | toŋqayıwthe toppling over | toŋqayıwummy toppling over | toŋqayıwuŋyour toppling over | toŋqayıwuhis toppling over | toŋqayıwubuzour toppling over | toŋqayıwuğuzyou all's toppling over | toŋqayıwlarıtheir toppling overs |
| Genitive | toŋqayıwnuthe toppling over's | toŋqayıwumumy toppling over's | toŋqayıwuŋuyour toppling over's | toŋqayıwunuhis toppling over's | toŋqayıwubuznuour toppling over's | toŋqayıwuğuznuyou all's toppling over's | toŋqayıwlarınıtheir toppling overs' |
| Accusative | toŋqayıwnuthe toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwumumy toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwuŋuyour toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwunhis toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwubuznuour toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwuğuznuyou all's toppling over (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarıntheir toppling overs (as the object) |
| Dative | toŋqayıwğato the toppling over | toŋqayıwumato my toppling over | toŋqayıwuŋato your toppling over | toŋqayıwunato his toppling over | toŋqayıwubuzğato our toppling over | toŋqayıwuğuzğato you all's toppling over | toŋqayıwlarınato their toppling overs |
| Locative | toŋqayıwdain / at the toppling over | toŋqayıwumdain / at my toppling over | toŋqayıwuŋdain / at your toppling over | toŋqayıwundain / at his toppling over | toŋqayıwubuzdain / at our toppling over | toŋqayıwuğuzdain / at you all's toppling over | toŋqayıwlarındain / at their toppling overs |
| Ablative | toŋqayıwdanfrom the toppling over | toŋqayıwumdanfrom my toppling over | toŋqayıwuŋdanfrom your toppling over | toŋqayıwundanfrom his toppling over | toŋqayıwubuzdanfrom our toppling over | toŋqayıwuğuzdanfrom you all's toppling over | toŋqayıwlarındanfrom their toppling overs |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | toŋqayıwlathe toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarımmy toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıŋyour toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıhis toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıbızour toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarığızyou all's toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıtheir toppling overs |
| Genitive | toŋqayıwlanıthe toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarımımy toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarıŋıyour toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarınıhis toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarıbıznıour toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarığıznıyou all's toppling overs' | toŋqayıwlarınıtheir toppling overs' |
| Accusative | toŋqayıwlanıthe toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarımımy toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarıŋıyour toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarınhis toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarıbıznıour toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarığıznıyou all's toppling overs (as the object) | toŋqayıwlarıntheir toppling overs (as the object) |
| Dative | toŋqayıwlağato the toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarımato my toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıŋato your toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarınato his toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıbızğato our toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarığızğato you all's toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarınato their toppling overs |
| Locative | toŋqayıwladain / at the toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarımdain / at my toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıŋdain / at your toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarındain / at his toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıbızdain / at our toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarığızdain / at you all's toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarındain / at their toppling overs |
| Ablative | toŋqayıwladanfrom the toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarımdanfrom my toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıŋdanfrom your toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarındanfrom his toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarıbızdanfrom our toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarığızdanfrom you all's toppling overs | toŋqayıwlarındanfrom their toppling overs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: toŋqayıwları can mean "his / her toppling overs", "their toppling over", or "their toppling overs" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.