tamaqsa
/tamaqsa/ · plural tamaqsala
the lower crossbar of a yoke — Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it as a Karachay word. Guzeev 1996–2005 explains it as the bottom bar of the boyunsa (yoke).
- boyunsanı tamaqsası — the lower crossbar of the yoke
- tamaqsa sındı — the lower crossbar broke
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tamaqsathe lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsammy lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsaŋyour lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsasıhis lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsabızour lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsağızyou all's lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsalarıtheir lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Genitive | tamaqsanıthe lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsamımy lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsaŋıyour lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsasınıhis lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsabıznıour lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsağıznıyou all's lower crossbar of a yoke's | tamaqsalarınıtheir lower crossbar of a yokes' |
| Accusative | tamaqsanıthe lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsamımy lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsaŋıyour lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsasınhis lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsabıznıour lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsağıznıyou all's lower crossbar of a yoke (as the object) | tamaqsalarıntheir lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) |
| Dative | tamaqsağato the lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsamato my lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsaŋato your lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsasınato his lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsabızğato our lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsağızğato you all's lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsalarınato their lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Locative | tamaqsadain / at the lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsamdain / at my lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsaŋdain / at your lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsasındain / at his lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsabızdain / at our lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsağızdain / at you all's lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsalarındain / at their lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Ablative | tamaqsadanfrom the lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsamdanfrom my lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsaŋdanfrom your lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsasındanfrom his lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsabızdanfrom our lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsağızdanfrom you all's lower crossbar of a yoke | tamaqsalarındanfrom their lower crossbar of a yokes |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tamaqsalathe lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarımmy lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıŋyour lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıhis lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıbızour lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarığızyou all's lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıtheir lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Genitive | tamaqsalanıthe lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarımımy lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarıŋıyour lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarınıhis lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarıbıznıour lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarığıznıyou all's lower crossbar of a yokes' | tamaqsalarınıtheir lower crossbar of a yokes' |
| Accusative | tamaqsalanıthe lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarımımy lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarıŋıyour lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarınhis lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarıbıznıour lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarığıznıyou all's lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) | tamaqsalarıntheir lower crossbar of a yokes (as the object) |
| Dative | tamaqsalağato the lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarımato my lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıŋato your lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarınato his lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıbızğato our lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarığızğato you all's lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarınato their lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Locative | tamaqsaladain / at the lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarımdain / at my lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıŋdain / at your lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarındain / at his lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıbızdain / at our lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarığızdain / at you all's lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarındain / at their lower crossbar of a yokes |
| Ablative | tamaqsaladanfrom the lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarımdanfrom my lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıŋdanfrom your lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarındanfrom his lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarıbızdanfrom our lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarığızdanfrom you all's lower crossbar of a yokes | tamaqsalarındanfrom their lower crossbar of a yokes |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tamaqsaları can mean "his / her lower crossbar of a yokes", "their lower crossbar of a yoke", or "their lower crossbar of a yokes" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.