tamal
/tamal/ · plural tamalla
1. a foundation, a base (of a building)
- üynü tamalı — the foundation of the house
- ornaldıla taş tamalğa — they were set on a stone foundation
- üynü tamalın qazabız — we are digging the foundation of the house
- tamal bek küçlüdü — the foundation is very strong
2. basis, foundation, fundamentals, grounds (of a science, a state, an argument)
- qralnı tamalı — the foundation of the state
- anala jaşawnu tamalıdıla — mothers are the foundation of life
- ilmunu tamalında — on a scientific basis
- himiyanı tamalları — the fundamentals of chemistry
- köb ilmunu tamalın salğandıla — they laid the foundation of many sciences
3. main, principal, general
- bu tamal zatdı — this is the main thing
- tamal soruwnu aytayım — let me state the main question
- partiyanı tamal jolu — the general line of the party
4. stem (of a word)
- söznü tamalı — the stem of the word
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tamalthe foundation | tamalımmy foundation | tamalıŋyour foundation | tamalıhis foundation | tamalıbızour foundation | tamalığızyou all's foundation | tamallarıtheir foundations |
| Genitive | tamalnıthe foundation's | tamalımımy foundation's | tamalıŋıyour foundation's | tamalınıhis foundation's | tamalıbıznıour foundation's | tamalığıznıyou all's foundation's | tamallarınıtheir foundations' |
| Accusative | tamalnıthe foundation (as the object) | tamalımımy foundation (as the object) | tamalıŋıyour foundation (as the object) | tamalınhis foundation (as the object) | tamalıbıznıour foundation (as the object) | tamalığıznıyou all's foundation (as the object) | tamallarıntheir foundations (as the object) |
| Dative | tamalğato the foundation | tamalımato my foundation | tamalıŋato your foundation | tamalınato his foundation | tamalıbızğato our foundation | tamalığızğato you all's foundation | tamallarınato their foundations |
| Locative | tamaldain / at the foundation | tamalımdain / at my foundation | tamalıŋdain / at your foundation | tamalındain / at his foundation | tamalıbızdain / at our foundation | tamalığızdain / at you all's foundation | tamallarındain / at their foundations |
| Ablative | tamaldanfrom the foundation | tamalımdanfrom my foundation | tamalıŋdanfrom your foundation | tamalındanfrom his foundation | tamalıbızdanfrom our foundation | tamalığızdanfrom you all's foundation | tamallarındanfrom their foundations |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tamallathe foundations | tamallarımmy foundations | tamallarıŋyour foundations | tamallarıhis foundations | tamallarıbızour foundations | tamallarığızyou all's foundations | tamallarıtheir foundations |
| Genitive | tamallanıthe foundations' | tamallarımımy foundations' | tamallarıŋıyour foundations' | tamallarınıhis foundations' | tamallarıbıznıour foundations' | tamallarığıznıyou all's foundations' | tamallarınıtheir foundations' |
| Accusative | tamallanıthe foundations (as the object) | tamallarımımy foundations (as the object) | tamallarıŋıyour foundations (as the object) | tamallarınhis foundations (as the object) | tamallarıbıznıour foundations (as the object) | tamallarığıznıyou all's foundations (as the object) | tamallarıntheir foundations (as the object) |
| Dative | tamallağato the foundations | tamallarımato my foundations | tamallarıŋato your foundations | tamallarınato his foundations | tamallarıbızğato our foundations | tamallarığızğato you all's foundations | tamallarınato their foundations |
| Locative | tamalladain / at the foundations | tamallarımdain / at my foundations | tamallarıŋdain / at your foundations | tamallarındain / at his foundations | tamallarıbızdain / at our foundations | tamallarığızdain / at you all's foundations | tamallarındain / at their foundations |
| Ablative | tamalladanfrom the foundations | tamallarımdanfrom my foundations | tamallarıŋdanfrom your foundations | tamallarındanfrom his foundations | tamallarıbızdanfrom our foundations | tamallarığızdanfrom you all's foundations | tamallarındanfrom their foundations |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tamalları can mean "his / her foundations", "their foundation", or "their foundations" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | tamalmaI am main | tamalsayou are main | tamaldıhe is main | tamalbızwe are main | tamalsızyou all are main | tamaldılathey are main |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden tamaldı — "compared to me, he is main."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki tamaldımine is main | seniki tamaldıyours is main | anıqı tamaldıhis is main | bizniki tamaldıours is main | sizniki tamaldıyours (pl.) is main | alanıqı tamaldıtheirs is main |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile tamaldılamine are main | senikile tamaldılayours are main | anıqıla tamaldılahis are main | biznikile tamaldılaours are main | siznikile tamaldılayours (pl.) are main | alanıqıla tamaldılatheirs are main |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu tamaldı, bıla tamaldıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".