töben
/tøben/
1. below, down, downward, lower down — With the ablative it means lower than something, as in Volgograddan töben.
- ol töben jaşaydı — he lives below
- ala töben ketgendile — they have gone down
- tawdan töben endile uwçula — the hunters came down from the mountain
- suw töben aqğanlay turadı — the river keeps flowing downward
- töben qarasaŋ özen ariw körünedi — if you look down, the valley looks lovely
2. lower, situated below
- töben jayaq — the lower jaw
- elni töben janı — the lower part of the village
- töben oram — the lower street
- töben elge qonaqğa ketdile — they went visiting to the lower village
- töben jol tınç bolur — the lower road will probably be easier
- töben qatda orun hazırdı — a place is ready on the lower floor
3. lower, less (in amount, degree, value or rank) — Usually predicative and with the ablative: bilimi senden töbendi "his knowledge is lower than yours", noldan eki gradus töbendi "two degrees below zero". It is also used of lower production costs and of a lower position in an office.
- bilimi senden töbendi — his knowledge is lower than yours
- anı kesiŋden töben körme — don't consider him lower than yourself
- qulluğu menden töbendi — his position is lower than mine
Expressions
- bawur töben bolurğa — lie face down
Degrees
| Degree | —form |
|---|---|
| base form | töbenlow |
| comparative — more | töbenireklower |
| intensifier — very | bek töbenvery low |
| superlative — most | em töbenthe lowest |
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki töbendimine is low | seniki töbendiyours is low | anıqı töbendihis is low | bizniki töbendiours is low | sizniki töbendiyours (pl.) is low | alanıqı töbenditheirs is low |
| comparative — more | meniki töbenirekdimine is lower | seniki töbenirekdiyours is lower | anıqı töbenirekdihis is lower | bizniki töbenirekdiours is lower | sizniki töbenirekdiyours (pl.) is lower | alanıqı töbenirekditheirs is lower |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek töbendimine is very low | seniki bek töbendiyours is very low | anıqı bek töbendihis is very low | bizniki bek töbendiours is very low | sizniki bek töbendiyours (pl.) is very low | alanıqı bek töbenditheirs is very low |
| superlative — most | meniki em töbendimine is the lowest | seniki em töbendiyours is the lowest | anıqı em töbendihis is the lowest | bizniki em töbendiours is the lowest | sizniki em töbendiyours (pl.) is the lowest | alanıqı em töbenditheirs is the lowest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile töbendilemine are low | senikile töbendileyours are low | anıqıla töbendilehis are low | biznikile töbendileours are low | siznikile töbendileyours (pl.) are low | alanıqıla töbendiletheirs are low |
| comparative — more | menikile töbenirekdilemine are lower | senikile töbenirekdileyours are lower | anıqıla töbenirekdilehis are lower | biznikile töbenirekdileours are lower | siznikile töbenirekdileyours (pl.) are lower | alanıqıla töbenirekdiletheirs are lower |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek töbendilemine are very low | senikile bek töbendileyours are very low | anıqıla bek töbendilehis are very low | biznikile bek töbendileours are very low | siznikile bek töbendileyours (pl.) are very low | alanıqıla bek töbendiletheirs are very low |
| superlative — most | menikile em töbendilemine are the lowest | senikile em töbendileyours are the lowest | anıqıla em töbendilehis are the lowest | biznikile em töbendileours are the lowest | siznikile em töbendileyours (pl.) are the lowest | alanıqıla em töbendiletheirs are the lowest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu töbendi, bıla töbendile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".