starşina
/starʃina/ · plural starşinala
1. sergeant major, petty officer — A senior non-commissioned rank in the Russian army and navy, for example the senior man of a company.
- starşina buyruq berdi — the sergeant major gave an order
- jaşla starşinağa tıŋıladıla — the young men listened to the sergeant major
- starşinanı allında sir turadı — stands stock-still in front of the sergeant major
2. village elder, headman — Before the revolution, the man who ran a village's administrative and police affairs, as in el prawlenni starşinası "the elder of the village administration".
- el prawlenni starşinası — the elder of the village administration
- elni starşinası kelgendi — the village headman has come
- atası elde starşina bolğandı — his father was headman in the village
- starşina nığışha jetgende — when the headman reached the village square
- elde starşina ölgendi — the headman in the village has died
- eski zamanda starşinala bolğandıla — in the old days there were headmen
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | starşinathe sergeant major | starşinammy sergeant major | starşinaŋyour sergeant major | starşinasıhis sergeant major | starşinabızour sergeant major | starşinağızyou all's sergeant major | starşinalarıtheir sergeant majors |
| Genitive | starşinanıthe sergeant major's | starşinamımy sergeant major's | starşinaŋıyour sergeant major's | starşinasınıhis sergeant major's | starşinabıznıour sergeant major's | starşinağıznıyou all's sergeant major's | starşinalarınıtheir sergeant majors' |
| Accusative | starşinanıthe sergeant major (as the object) | starşinamımy sergeant major (as the object) | starşinaŋıyour sergeant major (as the object) | starşinasınhis sergeant major (as the object) | starşinabıznıour sergeant major (as the object) | starşinağıznıyou all's sergeant major (as the object) | starşinalarıntheir sergeant majors (as the object) |
| Dative | starşinağato the sergeant major | starşinamato my sergeant major | starşinaŋato your sergeant major | starşinasınato his sergeant major | starşinabızğato our sergeant major | starşinağızğato you all's sergeant major | starşinalarınato their sergeant majors |
| Locative | starşinadain / at the sergeant major | starşinamdain / at my sergeant major | starşinaŋdain / at your sergeant major | starşinasındain / at his sergeant major | starşinabızdain / at our sergeant major | starşinağızdain / at you all's sergeant major | starşinalarındain / at their sergeant majors |
| Ablative | starşinadanfrom the sergeant major | starşinamdanfrom my sergeant major | starşinaŋdanfrom your sergeant major | starşinasındanfrom his sergeant major | starşinabızdanfrom our sergeant major | starşinağızdanfrom you all's sergeant major | starşinalarındanfrom their sergeant majors |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | starşinalathe sergeant majors | starşinalarımmy sergeant majors | starşinalarıŋyour sergeant majors | starşinalarıhis sergeant majors | starşinalarıbızour sergeant majors | starşinalarığızyou all's sergeant majors | starşinalarıtheir sergeant majors |
| Genitive | starşinalanıthe sergeant majors' | starşinalarımımy sergeant majors' | starşinalarıŋıyour sergeant majors' | starşinalarınıhis sergeant majors' | starşinalarıbıznıour sergeant majors' | starşinalarığıznıyou all's sergeant majors' | starşinalarınıtheir sergeant majors' |
| Accusative | starşinalanıthe sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarımımy sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarıŋıyour sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarınhis sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarıbıznıour sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarığıznıyou all's sergeant majors (as the object) | starşinalarıntheir sergeant majors (as the object) |
| Dative | starşinalağato the sergeant majors | starşinalarımato my sergeant majors | starşinalarıŋato your sergeant majors | starşinalarınato his sergeant majors | starşinalarıbızğato our sergeant majors | starşinalarığızğato you all's sergeant majors | starşinalarınato their sergeant majors |
| Locative | starşinaladain / at the sergeant majors | starşinalarımdain / at my sergeant majors | starşinalarıŋdain / at your sergeant majors | starşinalarındain / at his sergeant majors | starşinalarıbızdain / at our sergeant majors | starşinalarığızdain / at you all's sergeant majors | starşinalarındain / at their sergeant majors |
| Ablative | starşinaladanfrom the sergeant majors | starşinalarımdanfrom my sergeant majors | starşinalarıŋdanfrom your sergeant majors | starşinalarındanfrom his sergeant majors | starşinalarıbızdanfrom our sergeant majors | starşinalarığızdanfrom you all's sergeant majors | starşinalarındanfrom their sergeant majors |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: starşinaları can mean "his / her sergeant majors", "their sergeant major", or "their sergeant majors" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.