siŋir
/siŋir/ · plural siŋirle
1. sinew, tendon — Placed before another noun it describes something sinewy, with prominent sinews or made of sinew, as in siŋir qolla "sinewy hands".
- butnu siŋirleri — the sinews of the leg
- anı siŋiri üzüldü — his tendon tore
- tobuq siŋirle — knee tendons
- boyun siŋirle — neck tendons
- siŋir üzülse, saw bolmaz — if a sinew snaps, it will not heal
- siŋir qolla — sinewy hands
2. wiry, lean and tough; hardy, tireless (of a person)
- siŋir adam — a wiry man
- siŋir jaş — a wiry young man
Expressions
- boyun siŋirleri sozula — emaciated and weak
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | siŋirthe sinew | siŋirimmy sinew | siŋiriŋyour sinew | siŋirihis sinew | siŋiribizour sinew | siŋirigizyou all's sinew | siŋirleritheir sinews |
| Genitive | siŋirnithe sinew's | siŋirimimy sinew's | siŋiriŋiyour sinew's | siŋirinihis sinew's | siŋiribizniour sinew's | siŋirigizniyou all's sinew's | siŋirlerinitheir sinews' |
| Accusative | siŋirnithe sinew (as the object) | siŋirimimy sinew (as the object) | siŋiriŋiyour sinew (as the object) | siŋirinhis sinew (as the object) | siŋiribizniour sinew (as the object) | siŋirigizniyou all's sinew (as the object) | siŋirlerintheir sinews (as the object) |
| Dative | siŋirgeto the sinew | siŋirimeto my sinew | siŋiriŋeto your sinew | siŋirineto his sinew | siŋiribizgeto our sinew | siŋirigizgeto you all's sinew | siŋirlerineto their sinews |
| Locative | siŋirdein / at the sinew | siŋirimdein / at my sinew | siŋiriŋdein / at your sinew | siŋirindein / at his sinew | siŋiribizdein / at our sinew | siŋirigizdein / at you all's sinew | siŋirlerindein / at their sinews |
| Ablative | siŋirdenfrom the sinew | siŋirimdenfrom my sinew | siŋiriŋdenfrom your sinew | siŋirindenfrom his sinew | siŋiribizdenfrom our sinew | siŋirigizdenfrom you all's sinew | siŋirlerindenfrom their sinews |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | siŋirlethe sinews | siŋirlerimmy sinews | siŋirleriŋyour sinews | siŋirlerihis sinews | siŋirleribizour sinews | siŋirlerigizyou all's sinews | siŋirleritheir sinews |
| Genitive | siŋirlenithe sinews' | siŋirlerimimy sinews' | siŋirleriŋiyour sinews' | siŋirlerinihis sinews' | siŋirleribizniour sinews' | siŋirlerigizniyou all's sinews' | siŋirlerinitheir sinews' |
| Accusative | siŋirlenithe sinews (as the object) | siŋirlerimimy sinews (as the object) | siŋirleriŋiyour sinews (as the object) | siŋirlerinhis sinews (as the object) | siŋirleribizniour sinews (as the object) | siŋirlerigizniyou all's sinews (as the object) | siŋirlerintheir sinews (as the object) |
| Dative | siŋirlegeto the sinews | siŋirlerimeto my sinews | siŋirleriŋeto your sinews | siŋirlerineto his sinews | siŋirleribizgeto our sinews | siŋirlerigizgeto you all's sinews | siŋirlerineto their sinews |
| Locative | siŋirledein / at the sinews | siŋirlerimdein / at my sinews | siŋirleriŋdein / at your sinews | siŋirlerindein / at his sinews | siŋirleribizdein / at our sinews | siŋirlerigizdein / at you all's sinews | siŋirlerindein / at their sinews |
| Ablative | siŋirledenfrom the sinews | siŋirlerimdenfrom my sinews | siŋirleriŋdenfrom your sinews | siŋirlerindenfrom his sinews | siŋirleribizdenfrom our sinews | siŋirlerigizdenfrom you all's sinews | siŋirlerindenfrom their sinews |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: siŋirleri can mean "his / her sinews", "their sinew", or "their sinews" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | siŋirmeI am wiry | siŋirseyou are wiry | siŋirdihe is wiry | siŋirbizwe are wiry | siŋirsizyou all are wiry | siŋirdilethey are wiry |
| comparative — more | siŋirirekmeI am wirier | siŋirirekseyou are wirier | siŋirirekdihe is wirier | siŋirirekbizwe are wirier | siŋirireksizyou all are wirier | siŋirirekdilethey are wirier |
| intensifier — very | bek siŋirmeI am very wiry | bek siŋirseyou are very wiry | bek siŋirdihe is very wiry | bek siŋirbizwe are very wiry | bek siŋirsizyou all are very wiry | bek siŋirdilethey are very wiry |
| superlative — most | em siŋirmeI am the wiriest | em siŋirseyou are the wiriest | em siŋirdihe is the wiriest | em siŋirbizwe are the wiriest | em siŋirsizyou all are the wiriest | em siŋirdilethey are the wiriest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden siŋirdi — "compared to me, he is wiry."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki siŋirdimine is wiry | seniki siŋirdiyours is wiry | anıqı siŋirdihis is wiry | bizniki siŋirdiours is wiry | sizniki siŋirdiyours (pl.) is wiry | alanıqı siŋirditheirs is wiry |
| comparative — more | meniki siŋirirekdimine is wirier | seniki siŋirirekdiyours is wirier | anıqı siŋirirekdihis is wirier | bizniki siŋirirekdiours is wirier | sizniki siŋirirekdiyours (pl.) is wirier | alanıqı siŋirirekditheirs is wirier |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek siŋirdimine is very wiry | seniki bek siŋirdiyours is very wiry | anıqı bek siŋirdihis is very wiry | bizniki bek siŋirdiours is very wiry | sizniki bek siŋirdiyours (pl.) is very wiry | alanıqı bek siŋirditheirs is very wiry |
| superlative — most | meniki em siŋirdimine is the wiriest | seniki em siŋirdiyours is the wiriest | anıqı em siŋirdihis is the wiriest | bizniki em siŋirdiours is the wiriest | sizniki em siŋirdiyours (pl.) is the wiriest | alanıqı em siŋirditheirs is the wiriest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile siŋirdilemine are wiry | senikile siŋirdileyours are wiry | anıqıla siŋirdilehis are wiry | biznikile siŋirdileours are wiry | siznikile siŋirdileyours (pl.) are wiry | alanıqıla siŋirdiletheirs are wiry |
| comparative — more | menikile siŋirirekdilemine are wirier | senikile siŋirirekdileyours are wirier | anıqıla siŋirirekdilehis are wirier | biznikile siŋirirekdileours are wirier | siznikile siŋirirekdileyours (pl.) are wirier | alanıqıla siŋirirekdiletheirs are wirier |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek siŋirdilemine are very wiry | senikile bek siŋirdileyours are very wiry | anıqıla bek siŋirdilehis are very wiry | biznikile bek siŋirdileours are very wiry | siznikile bek siŋirdileyours (pl.) are very wiry | alanıqıla bek siŋirdiletheirs are very wiry |
| superlative — most | menikile em siŋirdilemine are the wiriest | senikile em siŋirdileyours are the wiriest | anıqıla em siŋirdilehis are the wiriest | biznikile em siŋirdileours are the wiriest | siznikile em siŋirdileyours (pl.) are the wiriest | alanıqıla em siŋirdiletheirs are the wiriest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu siŋirdi, bıla siŋirdile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".