sawarğa
/sawarʁa/
1. milk (a cow, a sheep)
- iynek sawarğa — to milk a cow
- qoylanı sawub boşadıq — we finished milking the sheep
- iynegibizden çelek süt sawub alabız — we milk a bucket of milk from our cow
- qızla iynek sawarğa hazırlanadıla — the girls are getting ready to milk the cows
- sawub çelek süt alırğa — to milk a bucket of milk
- sawub alırğa — to milk out
- iynek sawa bilmegenŋe — for someone unable to milk a cow
2. milk someone dry, squeeze money out of, extort
- birewnü sawub jaşarğa — to live by milking somebody dry
- qaçan da birewnü sawub jaşaydı — always lives by milking somebody dry
- anı sawa turadıla — they keep milking him dry
- sen meni sawarğa küreşese — you are trying to milk me dry
- jarlılanı sawarğa jaramaydı — it is not right to milk the poor dry
Expressions
- arbaz qıŋırdı da, iynek sawalmayma — lame excuse
Conjugation
Common forms
- sawadıhe is milking
- sawduhe milked
- sawğandıhe has milked
- sawarhe will milk
- sawarıqdıhe is going to milk
- sawa edihe was milking
- sawsaif he milks
- saw!milk!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensawamaI am milking | sensawasayou are milking | olsawadıhe is milking | bizsawabızwe are milking | sizsawasızyou all are milking | alasawadılathey are milking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensawmaymaI am not milking | sensawmaysayou are not milking | olsawmaydıhe is not milking | bizsawmaybızwe are not milking | sizsawmaysızyou all are not milking | alasawmaydılathey are not milking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensawamamı? sawamıma?am I milking? | sensawamısa?are you milking? | olsawamıdı?is he milking? | bizsawabızmı? sawamıbız?are we milking? | sizsawamısız?are you all milking? | alasawamıdıla?are they milking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensawmaymamı? sawmaymıma?aren't I milking? | sensawmaymısa?aren't you milking? | olsawmaymıdı?isn't he milking? | bizsawmaybızmı? sawmaymıbız?aren't we milking? | sizsawmaymısız?aren't you all milking? | alasawmaymıdıla?aren't they milking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensawwçanmaI usually milk | sensawwçansayou usually milk | olsawwçandıhe usually milks | bizsawwçanbızwe usually milk | sizsawwçansızyou all usually milk | alasawwçandılathey usually milk |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensawmawçanmaI usually don't milk | sensawmawçansayou usually don't milk | olsawmawçandıhe usually doesn't milk | bizsawmawçanbızwe usually don't milk | sizsawmawçansızyou all usually don't milk | alasawmawçandılathey usually don't milk |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensawwçanmamı? sawwçanmıma?do I usually milk? | sensawwçanmısa?do you usually milk? | olsawwçanmıdı?does he usually milk? | bizsawwçanbızmı? sawwçanmıbız?do we usually milk? | sizsawwçanmısız?do you all usually milk? | alasawwçanmıdıla?do they usually milk? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensawmawçanmamı? sawmawçanmıma?do I usually not milk? | sensawmawçanmısa?do you usually not milk? | olsawmawçanmıdı?does he usually not milk? | bizsawmawçanbızmı? sawmawçanmıbız?do we usually not milk? | sizsawmawçanmısız?do you all usually not milk? | alasawmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not milk? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsawubduhe has milked and remains so | alasawubdulathey have milked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsawubmudu?has he milked? | alasawubmudula?have they milked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensawub turamaI keep milking | sensawub turasayou keep milking | olsawub turadıhe keeps milking | bizsawub turabızwe keep milking | sizsawub turasızyou all keep milking | alasawub turadılathey keep milking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensawub turmaymaI don't keep milking | sensawub turmaysayou don't keep milking | olsawub turmaydıhe doesn't keep milking | bizsawub turmaybızwe don't keep milking | sizsawub turmaysızyou all don't keep milking | alasawub turmaydılathey don't keep milking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensawub turamamı? sawub turamıma?do I keep milking? | sensawub turamısa?do you keep milking? | olsawub turamıdı?does he keep milking? | bizsawub turabızmı? sawub turamıbız?do we keep milking? | sizsawub turamısız?do you all keep milking? | alasawub turamıdıla?do they keep milking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensawub turmaymamı? sawub turmaymıma?don't I keep milking? | sensawub turmaymısa?don't you keep milking? | olsawub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep milking? | bizsawub turmaybızmı? sawub turmaymıbız?don't we keep milking? | sizsawub turmaymısız?don't you all keep milking? | alasawub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep milking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensawa turamaI am in the middle of milking | sensawa turasayou are in the middle of milking | olsawa turadıhe is in the middle of milking | bizsawa turabızwe are in the middle of milking | sizsawa turasızyou all are in the middle of milking | alasawa turadılathey are in the middle of milking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensawa turmaymaI am not in the middle of milking | sensawa turmaysayou are not in the middle of milking | olsawa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of milking | bizsawa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of milking | sizsawa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of milking | alasawa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of milking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensawa turamamı? sawa turamıma?am I in the middle of milking? | sensawa turamısa?are you in the middle of milking? | olsawa turamıdı?is he in the middle of milking? | bizsawa turabızmı? sawa turamıbız?are we in the middle of milking? | sizsawa turamısız?are you all in the middle of milking? | alasawa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of milking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensawa turmaymamı? sawa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of milking? | sensawa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of milking? | olsawa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of milking? | bizsawa turmaybızmı? sawa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of milking? | sizsawa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of milking? | alasawa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of milking? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensawdumI milked | sensawduŋyou milked | olsawduhe milked | bizsawduqwe milked | sizsawduğuzyou all milked | alasawdulathey milked |
| Simple past (definite) | mensawmadımI didn't milk | sensawmadıŋyou didn't milk | olsawmadıhe didn't milk | bizsawmadıqwe didn't milk | sizsawmadığızyou all didn't milk | alasawmadılathey didn't milk |
| Simple past (definite) | mensawdummu?did I milk? | sensawduŋmu?did you milk? | olsawdumu?did he milk? | bizsawduqmu?did we milk? | sizsawduğuzmu?did you all milk? | alasawdulamı?did they milk? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensawmadımmı?didn't I milk? | sensawmadıŋmı?didn't you milk? | olsawmadımı?didn't he milk? | bizsawmadıqmı?didn't we milk? | sizsawmadığızmı?didn't you all milk? | alasawmadılamı?didn't they milk? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensawğanmaI have milked | sensawğansayou have milked | olsawğandıhe has milked | bizsawğanbızwe have milked | sizsawğansızyou all have milked | alasawğandılathey have milked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensawmağanmaI haven't milked | sensawmağansayou haven't milked | olsawmağandıhe hasn't milked | bizsawmağanbızwe haven't milked | sizsawmağansızyou all haven't milked | alasawmağandılathey haven't milked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensawğanmamı? sawğanmıma?have I milked? | sensawğanmısa?have you milked? | olsawğanmıdı?has he milked? | bizsawğanbızmı? sawğanmıbız?have we milked? | sizsawğanmısız?have you all milked? | alasawğanmıdıla?have they milked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensawmağanmamı? sawmağanmıma?haven't I milked? | sensawmağanmısa?haven't you milked? | olsawmağanmıdı?hasn't he milked? | bizsawmağanbızmı? sawmağanmıbız?haven't we milked? | sizsawmağanmısız?haven't you all milked? | alasawmağanmıdıla?haven't they milked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensawub turdumI kept milking | sensawub turduŋyou kept milking | olsawub turduhe kept milking | bizsawub turduqwe kept milking | sizsawub turduğuzyou all kept milking | alasawub turdulathey kept milking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensawub turmadımI didn't keep milking | sensawub turmadıŋyou didn't keep milking | olsawub turmadıhe didn't keep milking | bizsawub turmadıqwe didn't keep milking | sizsawub turmadığızyou all didn't keep milking | alasawub turmadılathey didn't keep milking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensawarmaI will milk | sensawarsayou will milk | olsawarhe will milk | bizsawarbızwe will milk | sizsawarsızyou all will milk | alasawarlathey will milk |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensawmazmaI won't milk | sensawmazsayou won't milk | olsawmazhe won't milk | bizsawmazbızwe won't milk | sizsawmazsızyou all won't milk | alasawmazlathey won't milk |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensawarmamı? sawarmıma?will I milk? | sensawarmısa?will you milk? | olsawarmı?will he milk? | bizsawarbızmı? sawarmıbız?will we milk? | sizsawarmısız?will you all milk? | alasawarlamı? sawarmıla?will they milk? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensawmazmamı? sawmazmıma?won't I milk? | sensawmazmısa?won't you milk? | olsawmazmı?won't he milk? | bizsawmazbızmı? sawmazmıbız?won't we milk? | sizsawmazmısız?won't you all milk? | alasawmazlamı? sawmazmıla?won't they milk? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensawarıqmaI am going to milk | sensawarıqsayou are going to milk | olsawarıqdıhe is going to milk | bizsawarıqbızwe are going to milk | sizsawarıqsızyou all are going to milk | alasawarıqdılathey are going to milk |
| Definite future (future II) | mensawarıq tülmeI am not going to milk | sensawarıq tülseyou are not going to milk | olsawarıq tüldühe is not going to milk | bizsawarıq tülbüzwe are not going to milk | sizsawarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to milk | alasawarıq tüldülethey are not going to milk |
| Definite future (future II) | mensawarıqmamı? sawarıqmıma?am I going to milk? | sensawarıqmısa?are you going to milk? | olsawarıqmıdı?is he going to milk? | bizsawarıqbızmı? sawarıqmıbız?are we going to milk? | sizsawarıqmısız?are you all going to milk? | alasawarıqmıdıla?are they going to milk? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensawarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to milk? | sensawarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to milk? | olsawarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to milk? | bizsawarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to milk? | sizsawarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to milk? | alasawarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to milk? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensawğan edimsawğanemI had milked | sensawğan ediŋsawğaneŋyou had milked | olsawğan edisawğanedhe had milked | bizsawğan ediksawğanekwe had milked | sizsawğan edigizsawğanegizyou all had milked | alasawğan edilesawğanellethey had milked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensawmağan edimsawmağanemI hadn't milked | sensawmağan ediŋsawmağaneŋyou hadn't milked | olsawmağan edisawmağanedhe hadn't milked | bizsawmağan ediksawmağanekwe hadn't milked | sizsawmağan edigizsawmağanegizyou all hadn't milked | alasawmağan edilesawmağanellethey hadn't milked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensawa edimsawaemI was milking | sensawa ediŋsawaeŋyou were milking | olsawa edisawaedhe was milking | bizsawa ediksawaekwe were milking | sizsawa edigizsawaegizyou all were milking | alasawa edilesawaellethey were milking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensawmay edimsawmayemI wasn't milking | sensawmay ediŋsawmayeŋyou weren't milking | olsawmay edisawmayedhe wasn't milking | bizsawmay ediksawmayekwe weren't milking | sizsawmay edigizsawmayegizyou all weren't milking | alasawmay edilesawmayellethey weren't milking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensawwçan edimsawwçanemI used to milk | sensawwçan ediŋsawwçaneŋyou used to milk | olsawwçan edisawwçanedhe used to milk | bizsawwçan ediksawwçanekwe used to milk | sizsawwçan edigizsawwçanegizyou all used to milk | alasawwçan edilesawwçanellethey used to milk |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensawmawçan edimsawmawçanemI didn't use to milk | sensawmawçan ediŋsawmawçaneŋyou didn't use to milk | olsawmawçan edisawmawçanedhe didn't use to milk | bizsawmawçan ediksawmawçanekwe didn't use to milk | sizsawmawçan edigizsawmawçanegizyou all didn't use to milk | alasawmawçan edilesawmawçanellethey didn't use to milk |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsawub edihe had milked and remained so | alasawub edilethey had milked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsawub tül edihe hadn't milked | alasawub tül edilethey hadn't milked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensawub tura edimsawub turaemI had kept milking | sensawub tura ediŋsawub turaeŋyou had kept milking | olsawub tura edisawub turaedhe had kept milking | bizsawub tura ediksawub turaekwe had kept milking | sizsawub tura edigizsawub turaegizyou all had kept milking | alasawub tura edilesawub turaellethey had kept milking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensawub turmay edimsawub turmayemI hadn't kept milking | sensawub turmay ediŋsawub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept milking | olsawub turmay edisawub turmayedhe hadn't kept milking | bizsawub turmay ediksawub turmayekwe hadn't kept milking | sizsawub turmay edigizsawub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept milking | alasawub turmay edilesawub turmayellethey hadn't kept milking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensawa tura edimsawa turaemI was in the middle of milking | sensawa tura ediŋsawa turaeŋyou were in the middle of milking | olsawa tura edisawa turaedhe was in the middle of milking | bizsawa tura ediksawa turaekwe were in the middle of milking | sizsawa tura edigizsawa turaegizyou all were in the middle of milking | alasawa tura edilesawa turaellethey were in the middle of milking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensawa turmay edimsawa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of milking | sensawa turmay ediŋsawa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of milking | olsawa turmay edisawa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of milking | bizsawa turmay ediksawa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of milking | sizsawa turmay edigizsawa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of milking | alasawa turmay edilesawa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of milking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensawar edimsawar emI would milk | sensawar ediŋsawar eŋyou would milk | olsawar edisawar edhe would milk | bizsawar ediksawar ekwe would milk | sizsawar edigizsawar egizyou all would milk | alasawar edilesawar ellethey would milk |
| Conditional result (would) | mensawmaz edimsawmaz emI wouldn't milk | sensawmaz ediŋsawmaz eŋyou wouldn't milk | olsawmaz edisawmaz edhe wouldn't milk | bizsawmaz ediksawmaz ekwe wouldn't milk | sizsawmaz edigizsawmaz egizyou all wouldn't milk | alasawmaz edilesawmaz ellethey wouldn't milk |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensawarıq edimsawarıq emI would have milked | sensawarıq ediŋsawarıq eŋyou would have milked | olsawarıq edisawarıq edhe would have milked | bizsawarıq ediksawarıq ekwe would have milked | sizsawarıq edigizsawarıq egizyou all would have milked | alasawarıq edilesawarıq ellethey would have milked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensawarıq tül edimsawarıq tül emI wouldn't have milked | sensawarıq tül ediŋsawarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have milked | olsawarıq tül edisawarıq tül edhe wouldn't have milked | bizsawarıq tül ediksawarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have milked | sizsawarıq tül edigizsawarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have milked | alasawarıq tül edilesawarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have milked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensawsamif I milk | sensawsaŋif you milk | olsawsaif he milks | bizsawsaqif we milk | sizsawsağızif you all milk | alasawsalaif they milk |
| Conditional | mensawmasamif I don't milk | sensawmasaŋif you don't milk | olsawmasaif he doesn't milk | bizsawmasaqif we don't milk | sizsawmasağızif you all don't milk | alasawmasalaif they don't milk |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensawa esemif I am milking | sensawa eseŋif you are milking | olsawa eseif he is milking | bizsawa esekif we are milking | sizsawa esegizif you all are milking | alasawa eseleif they are milking |
| Conditional, present real | mensawmay esemif I am not milking | sensawmay eseŋif you are not milking | olsawmay eseif he is not milking | bizsawmay esekif we are not milking | sizsawmay esegizif you all are not milking | alasawmay eseleif they are not milking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensawsam edisawsam edif only I milked | sensawsaŋ edisawsaŋ edif only you milked | olsawsa edisawsaedif only he milked | bizsawsaq edisawsaq edif only we milked | sizsawsağız edisawsağız edif only you all milked | alasawsala edisawsalaedif only they milked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensawmasam edisawmasam edif only I didn't milk | sensawmasaŋ edisawmasaŋ edif only you didn't milk | olsawmasa edisawmasaedif only he didn't milk | bizsawmasaq edisawmasaq edif only we didn't milk | sizsawmasağız edisawmasağız edif only you all didn't milk | alasawmasala edisawmasalaedif only they didn't milk |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensawub tursamif I carry on milking | sensawub tursaŋif you carry on milking | olsawub tursaif he carries on milking | bizsawub tursaqif we carry on milking | sizsawub tursağızif you all carry on milking | alasawub tursalaif they carry on milking |
| Durative conditional | mensawub turmasamif I don't carry on milking | sensawub turmasaŋif you don't carry on milking | olsawub turmasaif he doesn't carry on milking | bizsawub turmasaqif we don't carry on milking | sizsawub turmasağızif you all don't carry on milking | alasawub turmasalaif they don't carry on milking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensawub tura esemif I have kept milking | sensawub tura eseŋif you have kept milking | olsawub tura eseif he has kept milking | bizsawub tura esekif we have kept milking | sizsawub tura esegizif you all have kept milking | alasawub tura eseleif they have kept milking |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensawub turmay esemif I haven't kept milking | sensawub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept milking | olsawub turmay eseif he hasn't kept milking | bizsawub turmay esekif we haven't kept milking | sizsawub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept milking | alasawub turmay eseleif they haven't kept milking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensawa tursamif I keep milking | sensawa tursaŋif you keep milking | olsawa tursaif he keeps milking | bizsawa tursaqif we keep milking | sizsawa tursağızif you all keep milking | alasawa tursalaif they keep milking |
| Progressive conditional | mensawmay tursamif I keep on not milking | sensawmay tursaŋif you keep on not milking | olsawmay tursaif he keeps on not milking | bizsawmay tursaqif we keep on not milking | sizsawmay tursağızif you all keep on not milking | alasawmay tursalaif they keep on not milking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensawa tura esemif I am in the middle of milking | sensawa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of milking | olsawa tura eseif he is in the middle of milking | bizsawa tura esekif we are in the middle of milking | sizsawa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of milking | alasawa tura eseleif they are in the middle of milking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensawmay tura esemif I keep on not milking | sensawmay tura eseŋif you keep on not milking | olsawmay tura eseif he keeps on not milking | bizsawmay tura esekif we keep on not milking | sizsawmay tura esegizif you all keep on not milking | alasawmay tura eseleif they keep on not milking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensawdum esemif I milked | sensawduŋ eseŋif you milked | olsawdu eseif he milked | bizsawduq esekif we milked | sizsawduğuz esegizif you all milked | alasawdula eseleif they milked |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensawmadım esemif I didn't milk | sensawmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't milk | olsawmadı eseif he didn't milk | bizsawmadıq esekif we didn't milk | sizsawmadığız esegizif you all didn't milk | alasawmadıla eseleif they didn't milk |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensawğan esemif I did milk (indeed) | sensawğan eseŋif you did milk (indeed) | olsawğan eseif he did milk (indeed) | bizsawğan esekif we did milk (indeed) | sizsawğan esegizif you all did milk (indeed) | alasawğan eseleif they did milk (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensawmağan esemif I didn't milk (indeed) | sensawmağan eseŋif you didn't milk (indeed) | olsawmağan eseif he didn't milk (indeed) | bizsawmağan esekif we didn't milk (indeed) | sizsawmağan esegizif you all didn't milk (indeed) | alasawmağan eseleif they didn't milk (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensawğan bolsamif I had milked | sensawğan bolsaŋif you had milked | olsawğan bolsaif he had milked | bizsawğan bolsaqif we had milked | sizsawğan bolsağızif you all had milked | alasawğan bolsalaif they had milked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensawmağan bolsamif I hadn't milked | sensawmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't milked | olsawmağan bolsaif he hadn't milked | bizsawmağan bolsaqif we hadn't milked | sizsawmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't milked | alasawmağan bolsalaif they hadn't milked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensawğan bolsam edisawğan bolsam edif only I had milked | sensawğan bolsaŋ edisawğan bolsaŋ edif only you had milked | olsawğan bolsa edisawğan bolsaedif only he had milked | bizsawğan bolsaq edisawğan bolsaq edif only we had milked | sizsawğan bolsağız edisawğan bolsağız edif only you all had milked | alasawğan bolsala edisawğan bolsalaedif only they had milked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensawmağan bolsam edisawmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't milked | sensawmağan bolsaŋ edisawmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't milked | olsawmağan bolsa edisawmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't milked | bizsawmağan bolsaq edisawmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't milked | sizsawmağan bolsağız edisawmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't milked | alasawmağan bolsala edisawmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't milked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensawar esemif I will milk | sensawar eseŋif you will milk | olsawar eseif he will milk | bizsawar esekif we will milk | sizsawar esegizif you all will milk | alasawar eseleif they will milk |
| Conditional, aorist | mensawmaz esemif I won't milk | sensawmaz eseŋif you won't milk | olsawmaz eseif he won't milk | bizsawmaz esekif we won't milk | sizsawmaz esegizif you all won't milk | alasawmaz eseleif they won't milk |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensawarıq esemif I am going to milk | sensawarıq eseŋif you are going to milk | olsawarıq eseif he is going to milk | bizsawarıq esekif we are going to milk | sizsawarıq esegizif you all are going to milk | alasawarıq eseleif they are going to milk |
| Conditional, future | mensawarıq tül esemif I am not going to milk | sensawarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to milk | olsawarıq tül eseif he is not going to milk | bizsawarıq tül esekif we are not going to milk | sizsawarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to milk | alasawarıq tül eseleif they are not going to milk |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensawarıq bolsamif I were going to milk | sensawarıq bolsaŋif you were going to milk | olsawarıq bolsaif he were going to milk | bizsawarıq bolsaqif we were going to milk | sizsawarıq bolsağızif you all were going to milk | alasawarıq bolsalaif they were going to milk |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensawmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to milk | sensawmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to milk | olsawmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to milk | bizsawmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to milk | sizsawmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to milk | alasawmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to milk |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso sawduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensawa bolurmaI must be milking | sensawa bolursayou must be milking | olsawa bolurhe must be milking | bizsawa bolurbuzwe must be milking | sizsawa bolursuzyou all must be milking | alasawa bolurlathey must be milking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensawmay bolurmaI must not be milking | sensawmay bolursayou must not be milking | olsawmay bolurhe must not be milking | bizsawmay bolurbuzwe must not be milking | sizsawmay bolursuzyou all must not be milking | alasawmay bolurlathey must not be milking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensawa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of milking | sensawa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of milking | olsawa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of milking | bizsawa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of milking | sizsawa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of milking | alasawa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of milking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensawmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not milking | sensawmay tura bolursayou must keep on not milking | olsawmay tura bolurhe must keep on not milking | bizsawmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not milking | sizsawmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not milking | alasawmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not milking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensawğan bolurmaI must have milked | sensawğan bolursayou must have milked | olsawğan bolurhe must have milked | bizsawğan bolurbuzwe must have milked | sizsawğan bolursuzyou all must have milked | alasawğan bolurlathey must have milked |
| Inference (must have) | mensawmağan bolurmaI must not have milked | sensawmağan bolursayou must not have milked | olsawmağan bolurhe must not have milked | bizsawmağan bolurbuzwe must not have milked | sizsawmağan bolursuzyou all must not have milked | alasawmağan bolurlathey must not have milked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensawarıq bolurmaI must be going to milk | sensawarıq bolursayou must be going to milk | olsawarıq bolurhe must be going to milk | bizsawarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to milk | sizsawarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to milk | alasawarıq bolurlathey must be going to milk |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensawmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to milk | sensawmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to milk | olsawmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to milk | bizsawmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to milk | sizsawmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to milk | alasawmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to milk |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensawayımlet me milk | sensaw!milk! | olsawsunlet him milk | bizsawayıqlet's milk | sizsawuğuz!milk, you all! | alasawsunlalet them milk |
| Commands & suggestions | mensawmayımlet me not milk | sensawma!don't milk! | olsawmasınlet him not milk | bizsawmayıqlet's not milk | sizsawmağız!don't milk, you all! | alasawmasınlalet them not milk |
| Commands & suggestions | mensawayımmı?shall I milk? | olsawsunmu?should he milk? | bizsawayıqmı?shall we milk? | alasawsunlamı?should they milk? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensawmayımmı?shall I not milk? | olsawmasınmı?should he not milk? | bizsawmayıqmı?shall we not milk? | alasawmasınlamı?should they not milk? | ||
| Requests | sensawçu2sawçunplease milk | olsawsunçudo let him milk | sizsawçuğuzplease milk (plural/polite) | alasawsunlaçıdo let them milk | ||
| Requests | sensawmaçı2sawmaçınplease don't milk | olsawmasınçıdo let him not milk | sizsawmaçığızplease don't milk (plural/polite) | alasawmasınlaçıdo let them not milk | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensawğunsawğumay you milk | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensawmağınsawmağımay you not milk | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensawğay edim sawğa edimwould that I milked | sensawğay ediŋ sawğa ediŋwould that you milked | olsawğay edi sawğa ediwould that he milked | bizsawğay edik sawğa edikwould that we milked | sizsawğay edigiz sawğa edigizwould that you all milked | alasawğay edile sawğa edilewould that they milked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensawmağay edim sawmağa edimwould that I did not milk | sensawmağay ediŋ sawmağa ediŋwould that you did not milk | olsawmağay edi sawmağa ediwould that he did not milk | bizsawmağay edik sawmağa edikwould that we did not milk | sizsawmağay edigiz sawmağa edigizwould that you all did not milk | alasawmağay edile sawmağa edilewould that they did not milk |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensawmağa qoyayımsawma qoyayımlet me allow someone to milk | sensawmağa qoy!sawma qoy!let someone milk! | olsawmağa qoysunsawma qoysunlet him allow someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoyayıqsawma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoyuğuz!sawma qoyuğuz!let someone milk, you all! | alasawmağa qoysunlasawma qoysunlalet them allow someone to milk |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensawmağa qoymayımsawma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to milk | sensawmağa qoyma!sawma qoyma!don't let someone milk! | olsawmağa qoymasınsawma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoymayıqsawma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoymağız!sawma qoymağız!don't let someone milk, you all! | alasawmağa qoymasınlasawma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to milk |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensawmağa qoyayımmı?sawma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoysunmu?sawma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoyayıqmı?sawma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoysunlamı?sawma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to milk? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensawmağa qoymayımmı?sawma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoymasınmı?sawma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoymayıqmı?sawma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoymasınlamı?sawma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to milk? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensawmağa qoyamasawma qoyamaI allow someone to milk | sensawmağa qoyasasawma qoyasayou allow someone to milk | olsawmağa qoyadısawma qoyadıhe allows someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoyabızsawma qoyabızwe allow someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoyasızsawma qoyasızyou all allow someone to milk | alasawmağa qoyadılasawma qoyadılathey allow someone to milk |
| Let someone… (present) | mensawmağa qoymaymasawma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to milk | sensawmağa qoymaysasawma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to milk | olsawmağa qoymaydısawma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoymaybızsawma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoymaysızsawma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to milk | alasawmağa qoymaydılasawma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to milk |
| Let someone… (present) | mensawmağa qoyamamı?sawma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to milk? | sensawmağa qoyamısa?sawma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoyamıdı?sawma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoyabızmı?sawma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to milk? | sizsawmağa qoyamısız?sawma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoyamıdıla?sawma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to milk? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensawmağa qoymaymamı?sawma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to milk? | sensawmağa qoymaymısa?sawma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoymaymıdı?sawma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoymaybızmı?sawma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to milk? | sizsawmağa qoymaymısız?sawma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoymaymıdıla?sawma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to milk? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensawmağa qoydumsawma qoydumI allowed someone to milk | sensawmağa qoyduŋsawma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to milk | olsawmağa qoydusawma qoyduhe allowed someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoyduqsawma qoyduqwe allowed someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoyduğuzsawma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to milk | alasawmağa qoydulasawma qoydulathey allowed someone to milk |
| Let someone… (past) | mensawmağa qoymadımsawma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to milk | sensawmağa qoymadıŋsawma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to milk | olsawmağa qoymadısawma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to milk | bizsawmağa qoymadıqsawma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to milk | sizsawmağa qoymadığızsawma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to milk | alasawmağa qoymadılasawma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to milk |
| Let someone… (past) | mensawmağa qoydummu?sawma qoydummu?did I allow someone to milk? | sensawmağa qoyduŋmu?sawma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoydumu?sawma qoydumu?did he allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoyduqmu?sawma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to milk? | sizsawmağa qoyduğuzmu?sawma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoydulamı?sawma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to milk? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensawmağa qoymadımmı?sawma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to milk? | sensawmağa qoymadıŋmı?sawma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to milk? | olsawmağa qoymadımı?sawma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to milk? | bizsawmağa qoymadıqmı?sawma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to milk? | sizsawmağa qoymadığızmı?sawma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to milk? | alasawmağa qoymadılamı?sawma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to milk? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
sawalırğa be able to milk · sawalmazğa be unable to milk
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensawalamaI can milk | sensawalasayou can milk | olsawaladıhe can milk | bizsawalabızwe can milk | sizsawalasızyou all can milk | alasawaladılathey can milk |
| Ability — present | mensawalmaymaI can't milk | sensawalmaysayou can't milk | olsawalmaydıhe can't milk | bizsawalmaybızwe can't milk | sizsawalmaysızyou all can't milk | alasawalmaydılathey can't milk |
| Ability — present | mensawalamamı? sawalamıma?can I milk? | sensawalamısa?can you milk? | olsawalamıdı?can he milk? | bizsawalabızmı? sawalamıbız?can we milk? | sizsawalamısız?can you all milk? | alasawalamıdıla?can they milk? |
| Ability — present | mensawalmaymamı? sawalmaymıma?can't I milk? | sensawalmaymısa?can't you milk? | olsawalmaymıdı?can't he milk? | bizsawalmaybızmı? sawalmaymıbız?can't we milk? | sizsawalmaymısız?can't you all milk? | alasawalmaymıdıla?can't they milk? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensawalsamif I can milk | sensawalsaŋif you can milk | olsawalsaif he can milk | bizsawalsaqif we can milk | sizsawalsağızif you all can milk | alasawalsalaif they can milk |
| Ability — if I can… | mensawalmasamif I can't milk | sensawalmasaŋif you can't milk | olsawalmasaif he can't milk | bizsawalmasaqif we can't milk | sizsawalmasağızif you all can't milk | alasawalmasalaif they can't milk |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensawaldımI was able to milk | sensawaldıŋyou were able to milk | olsawaldıhe was able to milk | bizsawaldıqwe were able to milk | sizsawaldığızyou all were able to milk | alasawaldılathey were able to milk |
| Ability — simple past | mensawalmadımI could not milk | sensawalmadıŋyou could not milk | olsawalmadıhe could not milk | bizsawalmadıqwe could not milk | sizsawalmadığızyou all could not milk | alasawalmadılathey could not milk |
| Ability — simple past | mensawaldımmı?was I able to milk? | sensawaldıŋmı?were you able to milk? | olsawaldımı?was he able to milk? | bizsawaldıqmı?were we able to milk? | sizsawaldığızmı?were you all able to milk? | alasawaldılamı?were they able to milk? |
| Ability — simple past | mensawalmadımmı?couldn't I milk? | sensawalmadıŋmı?couldn't you milk? | olsawalmadımı?couldn't he milk? | bizsawalmadıqmı?couldn't we milk? | sizsawalmadığızmı?couldn't you all milk? | alasawalmadılamı?couldn't they milk? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensawalğanmaI have been able to milk | sensawalğansayou have been able to milk | olsawalğandıhe has been able to milk | bizsawalğanbızwe have been able to milk | sizsawalğansızyou all have been able to milk | alasawalğandılathey have been able to milk |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensawalmağanmaI haven't been able to milk | sensawalmağansayou haven't been able to milk | olsawalmağandıhe hasn't been able to milk | bizsawalmağanbızwe haven't been able to milk | sizsawalmağansızyou all haven't been able to milk | alasawalmağandılathey haven't been able to milk |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensawalğanmamı? sawalğanmıma?have I been able to milk? | sensawalğanmısa?have you been able to milk? | olsawalğanmıdı?has he been able to milk? | bizsawalğanbızmı? sawalğanmıbız?have we been able to milk? | sizsawalğanmısız?have you all been able to milk? | alasawalğanmıdıla?have they been able to milk? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensawalmağanmamı? sawalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to milk? | sensawalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to milk? | olsawalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to milk? | bizsawalmağanbızmı? sawalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to milk? | sizsawalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to milk? | alasawalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to milk? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensawalğan edimsawalğanemI had been able to milk | sensawalğan ediŋsawalğaneŋyou had been able to milk | olsawalğan edisawalğanedhe had been able to milk | bizsawalğan ediksawalğanekwe had been able to milk | sizsawalğan edigizsawalğanegizyou all had been able to milk | alasawalğan edilesawalğanellethey had been able to milk |
| Ability — past perfect | mensawalmağan edimsawalmağanemI hadn't been able to milk | sensawalmağan ediŋsawalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to milk | olsawalmağan edisawalmağanedhe hadn't been able to milk | bizsawalmağan ediksawalmağanekwe hadn't been able to milk | sizsawalmağan edigizsawalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to milk | alasawalmağan edilesawalmağanellethey hadn't been able to milk |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensawala edimsawalaemI could milk | sensawala ediŋsawalaeŋyou could milk | olsawala edisawalaedhe could milk | bizsawala ediksawalaekwe could milk | sizsawala edigizsawalaegizyou all could milk | alasawala edilesawalaellethey could milk |
| Ability — past background | mensawalmay edimsawalmayemI could not milk | sensawalmay ediŋsawalmayeŋyou could not milk | olsawalmay edisawalmayedhe could not milk | bizsawalmay ediksawalmayekwe could not milk | sizsawalmay edigizsawalmayegizyou all could not milk | alasawalmay edilesawalmayellethey could not milk |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensawalırmaI will be able to milk | sensawalırsayou will be able to milk | olsawalırhe will be able to milk | bizsawalırbızwe will be able to milk | sizsawalırsızyou all will be able to milk | alasawalırlathey will be able to milk |
| Ability — future I | mensawalmazmaI won't be able to milk | sensawalmazsayou won't be able to milk | olsawalmazhe won't be able to milk | bizsawalmazbızwe won't be able to milk | sizsawalmazsızyou all won't be able to milk | alasawalmazlathey won't be able to milk |
| Ability — future I | mensawalırmamı? sawalırmıma?will I be able to milk? | sensawalırmısa?will you be able to milk? | olsawalırmı?will he be able to milk? | bizsawalırbızmı? sawalırmıbız?will we be able to milk? | sizsawalırmısız?will you all be able to milk? | alasawalırlamı? sawalırmıla?will they be able to milk? |
| Ability — future I | mensawalmazmamı? sawalmazmıma?won't I be able to milk? | sensawalmazmısa?won't you be able to milk? | olsawalmazmı?won't he be able to milk? | bizsawalmazbızmı? sawalmazmıbız?won't we be able to milk? | sizsawalmazmısız?won't you all be able to milk? | alasawalmazlamı? sawalmazmıla?won't they be able to milk? |
| Ability — future II | mensawallıqmaI am going to be able to milk | sensawallıqsayou are going to be able to milk | olsawallıqdıhe is going to be able to milk | bizsawallıqbızwe are going to be able to milk | sizsawallıqsızyou all are going to be able to milk | alasawallıqdılathey are going to be able to milk |
| Ability — future II | mensawallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to milk | sensawallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to milk | olsawallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to milk | bizsawallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to milk | sizsawallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to milk | alasawallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to milk |
| Ability — future II | mensawallıqmamı? sawallıqmıma?am I going to be able to milk? | sensawallıqmısa?are you going to be able to milk? | olsawallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to milk? | bizsawallıqbızmı? sawallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to milk? | sizsawallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to milk? | alasawallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to milk? |
| Ability — future II | mensawallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to milk? | sensawallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to milk? | olsawallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to milk? | bizsawallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to milk? | sizsawallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to milk? | alasawallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to milk? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensawalır edimsawalır emI would be able to milk | sensawalır ediŋsawalır eŋyou would be able to milk | olsawalır edisawalır edhe would be able to milk | bizsawalır ediksawalır ekwe would be able to milk | sizsawalır edigizsawalır egizyou all would be able to milk | alasawalır edilesawalır ellethey would be able to milk |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensawalmaz edimsawalmaz emI wouldn't be able to milk | sensawalmaz ediŋsawalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to milk | olsawalmaz edisawalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to milk | bizsawalmaz ediksawalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to milk | sizsawalmaz edigizsawalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to milk | alasawalmaz edilesawalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to milk |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensawalğınsawalğımay you be able to milk | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensawalmağınsawalmağımay you not be able to milk | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensawarğa izleymeI want to milk | sensawarğa izleyseyou want to milk | olsawarğa izleydihe wants to milk | bizsawarğa izleybizwe want to milk | sizsawarğa izleysizyou all want to milk | alasawarğa izleydilethey want to milk |
| want to | mensawarğa izlemeymeI do not want to milk | sensawarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to milk | olsawarğa izlemeydihe does not want to milk | bizsawarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to milk | sizsawarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to milk | alasawarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to milk |
| would like to | mensawarğa süemeI would like to milk | sensawarğa süeseyou would like to milk | olsawarğa süedihe would like to milk | bizsawarğa süebizwe would like to milk | sizsawarğa süesizyou all would like to milk | alasawarğa süedilethey would like to milk |
| would like to | mensawarğa süymeymeI would not like to milk | sensawarğa süymeyseyou would not like to milk | olsawarğa süymeydihe would not like to milk | bizsawarğa süymeybizwe would not like to milk | sizsawarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to milk | alasawarğa süymeydilethey would not like to milk |
| hope to | mensawarğa umutlanamaI hope to milk | sensawarğa umutlanasayou hope to milk | olsawarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to milk | bizsawarğa umutlanabızwe hope to milk | sizsawarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to milk | alasawarğa umutlanadılathey hope to milk |
| hope to | mensawarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to milk | sensawarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to milk | olsawarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to milk | bizsawarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to milk | sizsawarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to milk | alasawarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to milk |
| be about to | mensawarğa deb turamaI am about to milk | sensawarğa deb turasayou are about to milk | olsawarğa deb turadıhe is about to milk | bizsawarğa deb turabızwe are about to milk | sizsawarğa deb turasızyou all are about to milk | alasawarğa deb turadılathey are about to milk |
| be about to | mensawarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to milk | sensawarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to milk | olsawarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to milk | bizsawarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to milk | sizsawarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to milk | alasawarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to milk |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensawarğa kerekmeI need to milk | sensawarğa kerekseyou need to milk | olsawarğa kerekdihe needs to milk | bizsawarğa kerekbizwe need to milk | sizsawarğa kereksizyou all need to milk | alasawarğa kerekdilethey need to milk |
| need to | mensawarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to milk | sensawarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to milk | olsawarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to milk | bizsawarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to milk | sizsawarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to milk | alasawarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to milk |
| have to | menmenŋe sawarğa tüşediI have to milk | sensenŋe sawarğa tüşediyou have to milk | olaŋa sawarğa tüşedihe has to milk | bizbizge sawarğa tüşediwe have to milk | sizsizge sawarğa tüşediyou all have to milk | alaalağa sawarğa tüşedithey have to milk |
| have to | menmenŋe sawarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to milk | sensenŋe sawarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to milk | olaŋa sawarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to milk | bizbizge sawarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to milk | sizsizge sawarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to milk | alaalağa sawarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to milk |
| be obliged to | mensawarğa borçlumaI am obliged to milk | sensawarğa borçlusayou are obliged to milk | olsawarğa borçluduhe is obliged to milk | bizsawarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to milk | sizsawarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to milk | alasawarğa borçludulathey are obliged to milk |
| be obliged to | mensawarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to milk | sensawarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to milk | olsawarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to milk | bizsawarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to milk | sizsawarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to milk | alasawarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to milk |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensawarğa madarım bardıI have a way to milk | sensawarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to milk | olsawarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to milk | bizsawarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to milk | sizsawarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to milk | alasawarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to milk |
| have a way to | mensawarğa madarım joqduI have no way to milk | sensawarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to milk | olsawarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to milk | bizsawarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to milk | sizsawarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to milk | alasawarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to milk |
| be free to | mensawarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to milk | sensawarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to milk | olsawarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to milk | bizsawarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to milk | sizsawarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to milk | alasawarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to milk |
| be free to | mensawarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to milk | sensawarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to milk | olsawarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to milk | bizsawarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to milk | sizsawarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to milk | alasawarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to milk |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to milk | sensenŋe sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to milk | olaŋa sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to milk | bizbizge sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to milk | sizsizge sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to milk | alaalağa sawarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to milk |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to milk | sensenŋe sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to milk | olaŋa sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to milk | bizbizge sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to milk | sizsizge sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to milk | alaalağa sawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to milk |
| be ready to | mensawarğa hazırmaI am ready to milk | sensawarğa hazırsayou are ready to milk | olsawarğa hazırdıhe is ready to milk | bizsawarğa hazırbızwe are ready to milk | sizsawarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to milk | alasawarğa hazırdılathey are ready to milk |
| be ready to | mensawarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to milk | sensawarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to milk | olsawarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to milk | bizsawarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to milk | sizsawarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to milk | alasawarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to milk |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensawarğa küreşemeI am trying to milk | sensawarğa küreşeseyou are trying to milk | olsawarğa küreşedihe is trying to milk | bizsawarğa küreşebizwe are trying to milk | sizsawarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to milk | alasawarğa küreşedilethey are trying to milk |
| try to | mensawarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to milk | sensawarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to milk | olsawarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to milk | bizsawarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to milk | sizsawarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to milk | alasawarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to milk |
| agree to | mensawarğa unaymaI agree to milk | sensawarğa unaysayou agree to milk | olsawarğa unaydıhe agrees to milk | bizsawarğa unaybızwe agree to milk | sizsawarğa unaysızyou all agree to milk | alasawarğa unaydılathey agree to milk |
| agree to | mensawarğa unamaymaI refuse to milk | sensawarğa unamaysayou refuse to milk | olsawarğa unamaydıhe refuses to milk | bizsawarğa unamaybızwe refuse to milk | sizsawarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to milk | alasawarğa unamaydılathey refuse to milk |
| hurry to | mensawarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to milk | sensawarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to milk | olsawarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to milk | bizsawarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to milk | sizsawarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to milk | alasawarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to milk |
| hurry to | mensawarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to milk | sensawarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to milk | olsawarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to milk | bizsawarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to milk | sizsawarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to milk | alasawarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to milk |
| be afraid to | mensawarğa qorqamaI am afraid to milk | sensawarğa qorqasayou are afraid to milk | olsawarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to milk | bizsawarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to milk | sizsawarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to milk | alasawarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to milk |
| be afraid to | mensawarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to milk | sensawarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to milk | olsawarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to milk | bizsawarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to milk | sizsawarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to milk | alasawarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to milk |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensawa bolmazmaI can't be milking | sensawa bolmazsayou can't be milking | olsawa bolmazhe can't be milking | bizsawa bolmazbızwe can't be milking | sizsawa bolmazsızyou all can't be milking | alasawa bolmazlathey can't be milking |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensawmay bolmazmaI must be milking (emphatic) | sensawmay bolmazsayou must be milking (emphatic) | olsawmay bolmazhe must be milking (emphatic) | bizsawmay bolmazbızwe must be milking (emphatic) | sizsawmay bolmazsızyou all must be milking (emphatic) | alasawmay bolmazlathey must be milking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensawa turmasamif I don't keep milking | sensawa turmasaŋif you don't keep milking | olsawa turmasaif he doesn't keep milking | bizsawa turmasaqif we don't keep milking | sizsawa turmasağızif you all don't keep milking | alasawa turmasalaif they don't keep milking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensawa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of milking | sensawa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of milking | olsawa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of milking | bizsawa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of milking | sizsawa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of milking | alasawa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of milking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensawmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not milking (emphatic) | sensawmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not milking (emphatic) | olsawmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not milking (emphatic) | bizsawmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not milking (emphatic) | sizsawmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not milking (emphatic) | alasawmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not milking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensawmay turamaI keep on not milking | sensawmay turasayou keep on not milking | olsawmay turadıhe keeps on not milking | bizsawmay turabızwe keep on not milking | sizsawmay turasızyou all keep on not milking | alasawmay turadılathey keep on not milking |
| Progressive — double negation | mensawmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not milking | sensawmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not milking | olsawmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not milking | bizsawmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not milking | sizsawmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not milking | alasawmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not milking |
| Progressive — double negation | mensawmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not milking? | sensawmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not milking? | olsawmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not milking? | bizsawmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not milking? | sizsawmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not milking? | alasawmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not milking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensawğan bolmazmaI can't have milked | sensawğan bolmazsayou can't have milked | olsawğan bolmazhe can't have milked | bizsawğan bolmazbızwe can't have milked | sizsawğan bolmazsızyou all can't have milked | alasawğan bolmazlathey can't have milked |
| Inference — double negation | mensawmağan bolmazmaI must have milked (emphatic) | sensawmağan bolmazsayou must have milked (emphatic) | olsawmağan bolmazhe must have milked (emphatic) | bizsawmağan bolmazbızwe must have milked (emphatic) | sizsawmağan bolmazsızyou all must have milked (emphatic) | alasawmağan bolmazlathey must have milked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensawğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had milked | sensawğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had milked | olsawğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had milked | bizsawğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had milked | sizsawğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had milked | alasawğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had milked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensawmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't milked | sensawmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't milked | olsawmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't milked | bizsawmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't milked | sizsawmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't milked | alasawmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't milked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensawarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to milk | sensawarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to milk | olsawarıq bolmazhe can't be going to milk | bizsawarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to milk | sizsawarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to milk | alasawarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to milk |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensawmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to milk (emphatic) | sensawmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to milk (emphatic) | olsawmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to milk (emphatic) | bizsawmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to milk (emphatic) | sizsawmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to milk (emphatic) | alasawmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to milk (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensawarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to milk | sensawarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to milk | olsawarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to milk | bizsawarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to milk | sizsawarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to milk | alasawarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to milk |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensawmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to milk | sensawmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to milk | olsawmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to milk | bizsawmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to milk | sizsawmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to milk | alasawmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to milk |