quthartırğa
/qutxartɯrʁa/
rescue, save, deliver — Formed from qutharırğa. Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 calls it causative, and Guzeev 1996–2005 calls it an intensive form. It takes the thing escaped from in the ablative: ölümden quthart "save from death", tuzaqdan quthart "free from the trap".
- ölümden quthart — save from death
- tuzaqdan quthart — free from the trap
- ol sabiyni suwdan quthartdı — he rescued the child from the water
- biz itni tuzaqdan quthartdıq — we freed the dog from the trap
Conjugation
Common forms
- quthartadıhe is rescuing
- quthartdıhe rescued
- qutharthandıhe has rescued
- quthartırhe will rescue
- quthartırıqdıhe is going to rescue
- qutharta edihe was rescuing
- quthartsaif he rescues
- quthart!rescue!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquthartamaI am rescuing | senquthartasayou are rescuing | olquthartadıhe is rescuing | bizquthartabızwe are rescuing | sizquthartasızyou all are rescuing | alaquthartadılathey are rescuing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquthartmaymaI am not rescuing | senquthartmaysayou are not rescuing | olquthartmaydıhe is not rescuing | bizquthartmaybızwe are not rescuing | sizquthartmaysızyou all are not rescuing | alaquthartmaydılathey are not rescuing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquthartamamı? quthartamıma?am I rescuing? | senquthartamısa?are you rescuing? | olquthartamıdı?is he rescuing? | bizquthartabızmı? quthartamıbız?are we rescuing? | sizquthartamısız?are you all rescuing? | alaquthartamıdıla?are they rescuing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquthartmaymamı? quthartmaymıma?aren't I rescuing? | senquthartmaymısa?aren't you rescuing? | olquthartmaymıdı?isn't he rescuing? | bizquthartmaybızmı? quthartmaymıbız?aren't we rescuing? | sizquthartmaymısız?aren't you all rescuing? | alaquthartmaymıdıla?aren't they rescuing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquthartıwçanmaI usually rescue | senquthartıwçansayou usually rescue | olquthartıwçandıhe usually rescues | bizquthartıwçanbızwe usually rescue | sizquthartıwçansızyou all usually rescue | alaquthartıwçandılathey usually rescue |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquthartmawçanmaI usually don't rescue | senquthartmawçansayou usually don't rescue | olquthartmawçandıhe usually doesn't rescue | bizquthartmawçanbızwe usually don't rescue | sizquthartmawçansızyou all usually don't rescue | alaquthartmawçandılathey usually don't rescue |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquthartıwçanmamı? quthartıwçanmıma?do I usually rescue? | senquthartıwçanmısa?do you usually rescue? | olquthartıwçanmıdı?does he usually rescue? | bizquthartıwçanbızmı? quthartıwçanmıbız?do we usually rescue? | sizquthartıwçanmısız?do you all usually rescue? | alaquthartıwçanmıdıla?do they usually rescue? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquthartmawçanmamı? quthartmawçanmıma?do I usually not rescue? | senquthartmawçanmısa?do you usually not rescue? | olquthartmawçanmıdı?does he usually not rescue? | bizquthartmawçanbızmı? quthartmawçanmıbız?do we usually not rescue? | sizquthartmawçanmısız?do you all usually not rescue? | alaquthartmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not rescue? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquthartıbdıhe has rescued and remains so | alaquthartıbdılathey have rescued and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquthartıbmıdı?has he rescued? | alaquthartıbmıdıla?have they rescued? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquthartıb turamaI keep rescuing | senquthartıb turasayou keep rescuing | olquthartıb turadıhe keeps rescuing | bizquthartıb turabızwe keep rescuing | sizquthartıb turasızyou all keep rescuing | alaquthartıb turadılathey keep rescuing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquthartıb turmaymaI don't keep rescuing | senquthartıb turmaysayou don't keep rescuing | olquthartıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep rescuing | bizquthartıb turmaybızwe don't keep rescuing | sizquthartıb turmaysızyou all don't keep rescuing | alaquthartıb turmaydılathey don't keep rescuing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquthartıb turamamı? quthartıb turamıma?do I keep rescuing? | senquthartıb turamısa?do you keep rescuing? | olquthartıb turamıdı?does he keep rescuing? | bizquthartıb turabızmı? quthartıb turamıbız?do we keep rescuing? | sizquthartıb turamısız?do you all keep rescuing? | alaquthartıb turamıdıla?do they keep rescuing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquthartıb turmaymamı? quthartıb turmaymıma?don't I keep rescuing? | senquthartıb turmaymısa?don't you keep rescuing? | olquthartıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep rescuing? | bizquthartıb turmaybızmı? quthartıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep rescuing? | sizquthartıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep rescuing? | alaquthartıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep rescuing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutharta turamaI am in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta turasayou are in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta turadıhe is in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta turabızwe are in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta turasızyou all are in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta turadılathey are in the middle of rescuing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutharta turmaymaI am not in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta turmaysayou are not in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of rescuing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutharta turamamı? qutharta turamıma?am I in the middle of rescuing? | senqutharta turamısa?are you in the middle of rescuing? | olqutharta turamıdı?is he in the middle of rescuing? | bizqutharta turabızmı? qutharta turamıbız?are we in the middle of rescuing? | sizqutharta turamısız?are you all in the middle of rescuing? | alaqutharta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of rescuing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutharta turmaymamı? qutharta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of rescuing? | senqutharta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of rescuing? | olqutharta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of rescuing? | bizqutharta turmaybızmı? qutharta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of rescuing? | sizqutharta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of rescuing? | alaqutharta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of rescuing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquthartdımI rescued | senquthartdıŋyou rescued | olquthartdıhe rescued | bizquthartdıqwe rescued | sizquthartdığızyou all rescued | alaquthartdılathey rescued |
| Simple past (definite) | menquthartmadımI didn't rescue | senquthartmadıŋyou didn't rescue | olquthartmadıhe didn't rescue | bizquthartmadıqwe didn't rescue | sizquthartmadığızyou all didn't rescue | alaquthartmadılathey didn't rescue |
| Simple past (definite) | menquthartdımmı?did I rescue? | senquthartdıŋmı?did you rescue? | olquthartdımı?did he rescue? | bizquthartdıqmı?did we rescue? | sizquthartdığızmı?did you all rescue? | alaquthartdılamı?did they rescue? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquthartmadımmı?didn't I rescue? | senquthartmadıŋmı?didn't you rescue? | olquthartmadımı?didn't he rescue? | bizquthartmadıqmı?didn't we rescue? | sizquthartmadığızmı?didn't you all rescue? | alaquthartmadılamı?didn't they rescue? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutharthanmaI have rescued | senqutharthansayou have rescued | olqutharthandıhe has rescued | bizqutharthanbızwe have rescued | sizqutharthansızyou all have rescued | alaqutharthandılathey have rescued |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquthartmağanmaI haven't rescued | senquthartmağansayou haven't rescued | olquthartmağandıhe hasn't rescued | bizquthartmağanbızwe haven't rescued | sizquthartmağansızyou all haven't rescued | alaquthartmağandılathey haven't rescued |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutharthanmamı? qutharthanmıma?have I rescued? | senqutharthanmısa?have you rescued? | olqutharthanmıdı?has he rescued? | bizqutharthanbızmı? qutharthanmıbız?have we rescued? | sizqutharthanmısız?have you all rescued? | alaqutharthanmıdıla?have they rescued? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquthartmağanmamı? quthartmağanmıma?haven't I rescued? | senquthartmağanmısa?haven't you rescued? | olquthartmağanmıdı?hasn't he rescued? | bizquthartmağanbızmı? quthartmağanmıbız?haven't we rescued? | sizquthartmağanmısız?haven't you all rescued? | alaquthartmağanmıdıla?haven't they rescued? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquthartıb turdumI kept rescuing | senquthartıb turduŋyou kept rescuing | olquthartıb turduhe kept rescuing | bizquthartıb turduqwe kept rescuing | sizquthartıb turduğuzyou all kept rescuing | alaquthartıb turdulathey kept rescuing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquthartıb turmadımI didn't keep rescuing | senquthartıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep rescuing | olquthartıb turmadıhe didn't keep rescuing | bizquthartıb turmadıqwe didn't keep rescuing | sizquthartıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep rescuing | alaquthartıb turmadılathey didn't keep rescuing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquthartırmaI will rescue | senquthartırsayou will rescue | olquthartırhe will rescue | bizquthartırbızwe will rescue | sizquthartırsızyou all will rescue | alaquthartırlathey will rescue |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquthartmazmaI won't rescue | senquthartmazsayou won't rescue | olquthartmazhe won't rescue | bizquthartmazbızwe won't rescue | sizquthartmazsızyou all won't rescue | alaquthartmazlathey won't rescue |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquthartırmamı? quthartırmıma?will I rescue? | senquthartırmısa?will you rescue? | olquthartırmı?will he rescue? | bizquthartırbızmı? quthartırmıbız?will we rescue? | sizquthartırmısız?will you all rescue? | alaquthartırlamı? quthartırmıla?will they rescue? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquthartmazmamı? quthartmazmıma?won't I rescue? | senquthartmazmısa?won't you rescue? | olquthartmazmı?won't he rescue? | bizquthartmazbızmı? quthartmazmıbız?won't we rescue? | sizquthartmazmısız?won't you all rescue? | alaquthartmazlamı? quthartmazmıla?won't they rescue? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquthartırıqmaI am going to rescue | senquthartırıqsayou are going to rescue | olquthartırıqdıhe is going to rescue | bizquthartırıqbızwe are going to rescue | sizquthartırıqsızyou all are going to rescue | alaquthartırıqdılathey are going to rescue |
| Definite future (future II) | menquthartırıq tülmeI am not going to rescue | senquthartırıq tülseyou are not going to rescue | olquthartırıq tüldühe is not going to rescue | bizquthartırıq tülbüzwe are not going to rescue | sizquthartırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to rescue | alaquthartırıq tüldülethey are not going to rescue |
| Definite future (future II) | menquthartırıqmamı? quthartırıqmıma?am I going to rescue? | senquthartırıqmısa?are you going to rescue? | olquthartırıqmıdı?is he going to rescue? | bizquthartırıqbızmı? quthartırıqmıbız?are we going to rescue? | sizquthartırıqmısız?are you all going to rescue? | alaquthartırıqmıdıla?are they going to rescue? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquthartırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to rescue? | senquthartırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to rescue? | olquthartırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to rescue? | bizquthartırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to rescue? | sizquthartırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to rescue? | alaquthartırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to rescue? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqutharthan edimqutharthanemI had rescued | senqutharthan ediŋqutharthaneŋyou had rescued | olqutharthan ediqutharthanedhe had rescued | bizqutharthan edikqutharthanekwe had rescued | sizqutharthan edigizqutharthanegizyou all had rescued | alaqutharthan edilequtharthanellethey had rescued |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquthartmağan edimquthartmağanemI hadn't rescued | senquthartmağan ediŋquthartmağaneŋyou hadn't rescued | olquthartmağan ediquthartmağanedhe hadn't rescued | bizquthartmağan edikquthartmağanekwe hadn't rescued | sizquthartmağan edigizquthartmağanegizyou all hadn't rescued | alaquthartmağan edilequthartmağanellethey hadn't rescued |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqutharta edimquthartaemI was rescuing | senqutharta ediŋquthartaeŋyou were rescuing | olqutharta ediquthartaedhe was rescuing | bizqutharta edikquthartaekwe were rescuing | sizqutharta edigizquthartaegizyou all were rescuing | alaqutharta edilequthartaellethey were rescuing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquthartmay edimquthartmayemI wasn't rescuing | senquthartmay ediŋquthartmayeŋyou weren't rescuing | olquthartmay ediquthartmayedhe wasn't rescuing | bizquthartmay edikquthartmayekwe weren't rescuing | sizquthartmay edigizquthartmayegizyou all weren't rescuing | alaquthartmay edilequthartmayellethey weren't rescuing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menquthartıwçan edimquthartıwçanemI used to rescue | senquthartıwçan ediŋquthartıwçaneŋyou used to rescue | olquthartıwçan ediquthartıwçanedhe used to rescue | bizquthartıwçan edikquthartıwçanekwe used to rescue | sizquthartıwçan edigizquthartıwçanegizyou all used to rescue | alaquthartıwçan edilequthartıwçanellethey used to rescue |
| Habitual past (used to) | menquthartmawçan edimquthartmawçanemI didn't use to rescue | senquthartmawçan ediŋquthartmawçaneŋyou didn't use to rescue | olquthartmawçan ediquthartmawçanedhe didn't use to rescue | bizquthartmawçan edikquthartmawçanekwe didn't use to rescue | sizquthartmawçan edigizquthartmawçanegizyou all didn't use to rescue | alaquthartmawçan edilequthartmawçanellethey didn't use to rescue |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquthartıb edihe had rescued and remained so | alaquthartıb edilethey had rescued and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquthartıb tül edihe hadn't rescued | alaquthartıb tül edilethey hadn't rescued | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquthartıb tura edimquthartıb turaemI had kept rescuing | senquthartıb tura ediŋquthartıb turaeŋyou had kept rescuing | olquthartıb tura ediquthartıb turaedhe had kept rescuing | bizquthartıb tura edikquthartıb turaekwe had kept rescuing | sizquthartıb tura edigizquthartıb turaegizyou all had kept rescuing | alaquthartıb tura edilequthartıb turaellethey had kept rescuing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquthartıb turmay edimquthartıb turmayemI hadn't kept rescuing | senquthartıb turmay ediŋquthartıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept rescuing | olquthartıb turmay ediquthartıb turmayedhe hadn't kept rescuing | bizquthartıb turmay edikquthartıb turmayekwe hadn't kept rescuing | sizquthartıb turmay edigizquthartıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept rescuing | alaquthartıb turmay edilequthartıb turmayellethey hadn't kept rescuing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqutharta tura edimqutharta turaemI was in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta tura ediŋqutharta turaeŋyou were in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta tura ediqutharta turaedhe was in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta tura edikqutharta turaekwe were in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta tura edigizqutharta turaegizyou all were in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta tura edilequtharta turaellethey were in the middle of rescuing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqutharta turmay edimqutharta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta turmay ediŋqutharta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta turmay ediqutharta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta turmay edikqutharta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta turmay edigizqutharta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta turmay edilequtharta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of rescuing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menquthartır edimquthartır emI would rescue | senquthartır ediŋquthartır eŋyou would rescue | olquthartır ediquthartır edhe would rescue | bizquthartır edikquthartır ekwe would rescue | sizquthartır edigizquthartır egizyou all would rescue | alaquthartır edilequthartır ellethey would rescue |
| Conditional result (would) | menquthartmaz edimquthartmaz emI wouldn't rescue | senquthartmaz ediŋquthartmaz eŋyou wouldn't rescue | olquthartmaz ediquthartmaz edhe wouldn't rescue | bizquthartmaz edikquthartmaz ekwe wouldn't rescue | sizquthartmaz edigizquthartmaz egizyou all wouldn't rescue | alaquthartmaz edilequthartmaz ellethey wouldn't rescue |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquthartırıq edimquthartırıq emI would have rescued | senquthartırıq ediŋquthartırıq eŋyou would have rescued | olquthartırıq ediquthartırıq edhe would have rescued | bizquthartırıq edikquthartırıq ekwe would have rescued | sizquthartırıq edigizquthartırıq egizyou all would have rescued | alaquthartırıq edilequthartırıq ellethey would have rescued |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquthartırıq tül edimquthartırıq tül emI wouldn't have rescued | senquthartırıq tül ediŋquthartırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have rescued | olquthartırıq tül ediquthartırıq tül edhe wouldn't have rescued | bizquthartırıq tül edikquthartırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have rescued | sizquthartırıq tül edigizquthartırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have rescued | alaquthartırıq tül edilequthartırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have rescued |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menquthartsamif I rescue | senquthartsaŋif you rescue | olquthartsaif he rescues | bizquthartsaqif we rescue | sizquthartsağızif you all rescue | alaquthartsalaif they rescue |
| Conditional | menquthartmasamif I don't rescue | senquthartmasaŋif you don't rescue | olquthartmasaif he doesn't rescue | bizquthartmasaqif we don't rescue | sizquthartmasağızif you all don't rescue | alaquthartmasalaif they don't rescue |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqutharta esemif I am rescuing | senqutharta eseŋif you are rescuing | olqutharta eseif he is rescuing | bizqutharta esekif we are rescuing | sizqutharta esegizif you all are rescuing | alaqutharta eseleif they are rescuing |
| Conditional, present real | menquthartmay esemif I am not rescuing | senquthartmay eseŋif you are not rescuing | olquthartmay eseif he is not rescuing | bizquthartmay esekif we are not rescuing | sizquthartmay esegizif you all are not rescuing | alaquthartmay eseleif they are not rescuing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquthartsam ediquthartsam edif only I rescued | senquthartsaŋ ediquthartsaŋ edif only you rescued | olquthartsa ediquthartsaedif only he rescued | bizquthartsaq ediquthartsaq edif only we rescued | sizquthartsağız ediquthartsağız edif only you all rescued | alaquthartsala ediquthartsalaedif only they rescued |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquthartmasam ediquthartmasam edif only I didn't rescue | senquthartmasaŋ ediquthartmasaŋ edif only you didn't rescue | olquthartmasa ediquthartmasaedif only he didn't rescue | bizquthartmasaq ediquthartmasaq edif only we didn't rescue | sizquthartmasağız ediquthartmasağız edif only you all didn't rescue | alaquthartmasala ediquthartmasalaedif only they didn't rescue |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menquthartıb tursamif I carry on rescuing | senquthartıb tursaŋif you carry on rescuing | olquthartıb tursaif he carries on rescuing | bizquthartıb tursaqif we carry on rescuing | sizquthartıb tursağızif you all carry on rescuing | alaquthartıb tursalaif they carry on rescuing |
| Durative conditional | menquthartıb turmasamif I don't carry on rescuing | senquthartıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on rescuing | olquthartıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on rescuing | bizquthartıb turmasaqif we don't carry on rescuing | sizquthartıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on rescuing | alaquthartıb turmasalaif they don't carry on rescuing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menquthartıb tura esemif I have kept rescuing | senquthartıb tura eseŋif you have kept rescuing | olquthartıb tura eseif he has kept rescuing | bizquthartıb tura esekif we have kept rescuing | sizquthartıb tura esegizif you all have kept rescuing | alaquthartıb tura eseleif they have kept rescuing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menquthartıb turmay esemif I haven't kept rescuing | senquthartıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept rescuing | olquthartıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept rescuing | bizquthartıb turmay esekif we haven't kept rescuing | sizquthartıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept rescuing | alaquthartıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept rescuing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqutharta tursamif I keep rescuing | senqutharta tursaŋif you keep rescuing | olqutharta tursaif he keeps rescuing | bizqutharta tursaqif we keep rescuing | sizqutharta tursağızif you all keep rescuing | alaqutharta tursalaif they keep rescuing |
| Progressive conditional | menquthartmay tursamif I keep on not rescuing | senquthartmay tursaŋif you keep on not rescuing | olquthartmay tursaif he keeps on not rescuing | bizquthartmay tursaqif we keep on not rescuing | sizquthartmay tursağızif you all keep on not rescuing | alaquthartmay tursalaif they keep on not rescuing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqutharta tura esemif I am in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta tura eseif he is in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta tura esekif we are in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta tura eseleif they are in the middle of rescuing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquthartmay tura esemif I keep on not rescuing | senquthartmay tura eseŋif you keep on not rescuing | olquthartmay tura eseif he keeps on not rescuing | bizquthartmay tura esekif we keep on not rescuing | sizquthartmay tura esegizif you all keep on not rescuing | alaquthartmay tura eseleif they keep on not rescuing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquthartdım esemif I rescued | senquthartdıŋ eseŋif you rescued | olquthartdı eseif he rescued | bizquthartdıq esekif we rescued | sizquthartdığız esegizif you all rescued | alaquthartdıla eseleif they rescued |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquthartmadım esemif I didn't rescue | senquthartmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't rescue | olquthartmadı eseif he didn't rescue | bizquthartmadıq esekif we didn't rescue | sizquthartmadığız esegizif you all didn't rescue | alaquthartmadıla eseleif they didn't rescue |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqutharthan esemif I did rescue (indeed) | senqutharthan eseŋif you did rescue (indeed) | olqutharthan eseif he did rescue (indeed) | bizqutharthan esekif we did rescue (indeed) | sizqutharthan esegizif you all did rescue (indeed) | alaqutharthan eseleif they did rescue (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menquthartmağan esemif I didn't rescue (indeed) | senquthartmağan eseŋif you didn't rescue (indeed) | olquthartmağan eseif he didn't rescue (indeed) | bizquthartmağan esekif we didn't rescue (indeed) | sizquthartmağan esegizif you all didn't rescue (indeed) | alaquthartmağan eseleif they didn't rescue (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqutharthan bolsamif I had rescued | senqutharthan bolsaŋif you had rescued | olqutharthan bolsaif he had rescued | bizqutharthan bolsaqif we had rescued | sizqutharthan bolsağızif you all had rescued | alaqutharthan bolsalaif they had rescued |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquthartmağan bolsamif I hadn't rescued | senquthartmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't rescued | olquthartmağan bolsaif he hadn't rescued | bizquthartmağan bolsaqif we hadn't rescued | sizquthartmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't rescued | alaquthartmağan bolsalaif they hadn't rescued |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqutharthan bolsam ediqutharthan bolsam edif only I had rescued | senqutharthan bolsaŋ ediqutharthan bolsaŋ edif only you had rescued | olqutharthan bolsa ediqutharthan bolsaedif only he had rescued | bizqutharthan bolsaq ediqutharthan bolsaq edif only we had rescued | sizqutharthan bolsağız ediqutharthan bolsağız edif only you all had rescued | alaqutharthan bolsala ediqutharthan bolsalaedif only they had rescued |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquthartmağan bolsam ediquthartmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't rescued | senquthartmağan bolsaŋ ediquthartmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't rescued | olquthartmağan bolsa ediquthartmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't rescued | bizquthartmağan bolsaq ediquthartmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't rescued | sizquthartmağan bolsağız ediquthartmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't rescued | alaquthartmağan bolsala ediquthartmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't rescued |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menquthartır esemif I will rescue | senquthartır eseŋif you will rescue | olquthartır eseif he will rescue | bizquthartır esekif we will rescue | sizquthartır esegizif you all will rescue | alaquthartır eseleif they will rescue |
| Conditional, aorist | menquthartmaz esemif I won't rescue | senquthartmaz eseŋif you won't rescue | olquthartmaz eseif he won't rescue | bizquthartmaz esekif we won't rescue | sizquthartmaz esegizif you all won't rescue | alaquthartmaz eseleif they won't rescue |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menquthartırıq esemif I am going to rescue | senquthartırıq eseŋif you are going to rescue | olquthartırıq eseif he is going to rescue | bizquthartırıq esekif we are going to rescue | sizquthartırıq esegizif you all are going to rescue | alaquthartırıq eseleif they are going to rescue |
| Conditional, future | menquthartırıq tül esemif I am not going to rescue | senquthartırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to rescue | olquthartırıq tül eseif he is not going to rescue | bizquthartırıq tül esekif we are not going to rescue | sizquthartırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to rescue | alaquthartırıq tül eseleif they are not going to rescue |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquthartırıq bolsamif I were going to rescue | senquthartırıq bolsaŋif you were going to rescue | olquthartırıq bolsaif he were going to rescue | bizquthartırıq bolsaqif we were going to rescue | sizquthartırıq bolsağızif you all were going to rescue | alaquthartırıq bolsalaif they were going to rescue |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquthartmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to rescue | senquthartmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to rescue | olquthartmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to rescue | bizquthartmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to rescue | sizquthartmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to rescue | alaquthartmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to rescue |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso quthartdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqutharta bolurmaI must be rescuing | senqutharta bolursayou must be rescuing | olqutharta bolurhe must be rescuing | bizqutharta bolurbuzwe must be rescuing | sizqutharta bolursuzyou all must be rescuing | alaqutharta bolurlathey must be rescuing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquthartmay bolurmaI must not be rescuing | senquthartmay bolursayou must not be rescuing | olquthartmay bolurhe must not be rescuing | bizquthartmay bolurbuzwe must not be rescuing | sizquthartmay bolursuzyou all must not be rescuing | alaquthartmay bolurlathey must not be rescuing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqutharta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of rescuing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquthartmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not rescuing | senquthartmay tura bolursayou must keep on not rescuing | olquthartmay tura bolurhe must keep on not rescuing | bizquthartmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not rescuing | sizquthartmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not rescuing | alaquthartmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not rescuing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqutharthan bolurmaI must have rescued | senqutharthan bolursayou must have rescued | olqutharthan bolurhe must have rescued | bizqutharthan bolurbuzwe must have rescued | sizqutharthan bolursuzyou all must have rescued | alaqutharthan bolurlathey must have rescued |
| Inference (must have) | menquthartmağan bolurmaI must not have rescued | senquthartmağan bolursayou must not have rescued | olquthartmağan bolurhe must not have rescued | bizquthartmağan bolurbuzwe must not have rescued | sizquthartmağan bolursuzyou all must not have rescued | alaquthartmağan bolurlathey must not have rescued |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquthartırıq bolurmaI must be going to rescue | senquthartırıq bolursayou must be going to rescue | olquthartırıq bolurhe must be going to rescue | bizquthartırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to rescue | sizquthartırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to rescue | alaquthartırıq bolurlathey must be going to rescue |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquthartmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to rescue | senquthartmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to rescue | olquthartmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to rescue | bizquthartmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to rescue | sizquthartmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to rescue | alaquthartmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to rescue |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menquthartayımlet me rescue | senquthart!rescue! | olquthartsınlet him rescue | bizquthartayıqlet's rescue | sizquthartığız!rescue, you all! | alaquthartsınlalet them rescue |
| Commands & suggestions | menquthartmayımlet me not rescue | senquthartma!don't rescue! | olquthartmasınlet him not rescue | bizquthartmayıqlet's not rescue | sizquthartmağız!don't rescue, you all! | alaquthartmasınlalet them not rescue |
| Commands & suggestions | menquthartayımmı?shall I rescue? | olquthartsınmı?should he rescue? | bizquthartayıqmı?shall we rescue? | alaquthartsınlamı?should they rescue? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menquthartmayımmı?shall I not rescue? | olquthartmasınmı?should he not rescue? | bizquthartmayıqmı?shall we not rescue? | alaquthartmasınlamı?should they not rescue? | ||
| Requests | senquthartçı2quthartçınplease rescue | olquthartsınçıdo let him rescue | sizquthartçığızplease rescue (plural/polite) | alaquthartsınlaçıdo let them rescue | ||
| Requests | senquthartmaçı2quthartmaçınplease don't rescue | olquthartmasınçıdo let him not rescue | sizquthartmaçığızplease don't rescue (plural/polite) | alaquthartmasınlaçıdo let them not rescue | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqutharthınqutharthımay you rescue | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquthartmağınquthartmağımay you not rescue | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqutharthay edim quthartha edimwould that I rescued | senqutharthay ediŋ quthartha ediŋwould that you rescued | olqutharthay edi quthartha ediwould that he rescued | bizqutharthay edik quthartha edikwould that we rescued | sizqutharthay edigiz quthartha edigizwould that you all rescued | alaqutharthay edile quthartha edilewould that they rescued |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquthartmağay edim quthartmağa edimwould that I did not rescue | senquthartmağay ediŋ quthartmağa ediŋwould that you did not rescue | olquthartmağay edi quthartmağa ediwould that he did not rescue | bizquthartmağay edik quthartmağa edikwould that we did not rescue | sizquthartmağay edigiz quthartmağa edigizwould that you all did not rescue | alaquthartmağay edile quthartmağa edilewould that they did not rescue |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquthartmağa qoyayımquthartma qoyayımlet me allow someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoy!quthartma qoy!let someone rescue! | olquthartmağa qoysunquthartma qoysunlet him allow someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoyayıqquthartma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoyuğuz!quthartma qoyuğuz!let someone rescue, you all! | alaquthartmağa qoysunlaquthartma qoysunlalet them allow someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquthartmağa qoymayımquthartma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoyma!quthartma qoyma!don't let someone rescue! | olquthartmağa qoymasınquthartma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoymayıqquthartma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoymağız!quthartma qoymağız!don't let someone rescue, you all! | alaquthartmağa qoymasınlaquthartma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquthartmağa qoyayımmı?quthartma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoysunmu?quthartma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoyayıqmı?quthartma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoysunlamı?quthartma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to rescue? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquthartmağa qoymayımmı?quthartma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoymasınmı?quthartma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoymayıqmı?quthartma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoymasınlamı?quthartma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to rescue? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menquthartmağa qoyamaquthartma qoyamaI allow someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoyasaquthartma qoyasayou allow someone to rescue | olquthartmağa qoyadıquthartma qoyadıhe allows someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoyabızquthartma qoyabızwe allow someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoyasızquthartma qoyasızyou all allow someone to rescue | alaquthartmağa qoyadılaquthartma qoyadılathey allow someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (present) | menquthartmağa qoymaymaquthartma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoymaysaquthartma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to rescue | olquthartmağa qoymaydıquthartma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoymaybızquthartma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoymaysızquthartma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to rescue | alaquthartmağa qoymaydılaquthartma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (present) | menquthartmağa qoyamamı?quthartma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to rescue? | senquthartmağa qoyamısa?quthartma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoyamıdı?quthartma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoyabızmı?quthartma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to rescue? | sizquthartmağa qoyamısız?quthartma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoyamıdıla?quthartma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to rescue? |
| Let someone… (present) | menquthartmağa qoymaymamı?quthartma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to rescue? | senquthartmağa qoymaymısa?quthartma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoymaymıdı?quthartma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoymaybızmı?quthartma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to rescue? | sizquthartmağa qoymaymısız?quthartma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoymaymıdıla?quthartma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to rescue? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquthartmağa qoydumquthartma qoydumI allowed someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoyduŋquthartma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to rescue | olquthartmağa qoyduquthartma qoyduhe allowed someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoyduqquthartma qoyduqwe allowed someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoyduğuzquthartma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to rescue | alaquthartmağa qoydulaquthartma qoydulathey allowed someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (past) | menquthartmağa qoymadımquthartma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to rescue | senquthartmağa qoymadıŋquthartma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to rescue | olquthartmağa qoymadıquthartma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to rescue | bizquthartmağa qoymadıqquthartma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to rescue | sizquthartmağa qoymadığızquthartma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to rescue | alaquthartmağa qoymadılaquthartma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to rescue |
| Let someone… (past) | menquthartmağa qoydummu?quthartma qoydummu?did I allow someone to rescue? | senquthartmağa qoyduŋmu?quthartma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoydumu?quthartma qoydumu?did he allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoyduqmu?quthartma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to rescue? | sizquthartmağa qoyduğuzmu?quthartma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoydulamı?quthartma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to rescue? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquthartmağa qoymadımmı?quthartma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to rescue? | senquthartmağa qoymadıŋmı?quthartma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to rescue? | olquthartmağa qoymadımı?quthartma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to rescue? | bizquthartmağa qoymadıqmı?quthartma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to rescue? | sizquthartmağa qoymadığızmı?quthartma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to rescue? | alaquthartmağa qoymadılamı?quthartma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to rescue? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menquthartalamaI can rescue | senquthartalasayou can rescue | olquthartaladıhe can rescue | bizquthartalabızwe can rescue | sizquthartalasızyou all can rescue | alaquthartaladılathey can rescue |
| Ability — present | menquthartalmaymaI can't rescue | senquthartalmaysayou can't rescue | olquthartalmaydıhe can't rescue | bizquthartalmaybızwe can't rescue | sizquthartalmaysızyou all can't rescue | alaquthartalmaydılathey can't rescue |
| Ability — present | menquthartalamamı? quthartalamıma?can I rescue? | senquthartalamısa?can you rescue? | olquthartalamıdı?can he rescue? | bizquthartalabızmı? quthartalamıbız?can we rescue? | sizquthartalamısız?can you all rescue? | alaquthartalamıdıla?can they rescue? |
| Ability — present | menquthartalmaymamı? quthartalmaymıma?can't I rescue? | senquthartalmaymısa?can't you rescue? | olquthartalmaymıdı?can't he rescue? | bizquthartalmaybızmı? quthartalmaymıbız?can't we rescue? | sizquthartalmaymısız?can't you all rescue? | alaquthartalmaymıdıla?can't they rescue? |
| Ability — if I can… | menquthartalsamif I can rescue | senquthartalsaŋif you can rescue | olquthartalsaif he can rescue | bizquthartalsaqif we can rescue | sizquthartalsağızif you all can rescue | alaquthartalsalaif they can rescue |
| Ability — if I can… | menquthartalmasamif I can't rescue | senquthartalmasaŋif you can't rescue | olquthartalmasaif he can't rescue | bizquthartalmasaqif we can't rescue | sizquthartalmasağızif you all can't rescue | alaquthartalmasalaif they can't rescue |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menquthartaldımI was able to rescue | senquthartaldıŋyou were able to rescue | olquthartaldıhe was able to rescue | bizquthartaldıqwe were able to rescue | sizquthartaldığızyou all were able to rescue | alaquthartaldılathey were able to rescue |
| Ability — simple past | menquthartalmadımI could not rescue | senquthartalmadıŋyou could not rescue | olquthartalmadıhe could not rescue | bizquthartalmadıqwe could not rescue | sizquthartalmadığızyou all could not rescue | alaquthartalmadılathey could not rescue |
| Ability — simple past | menquthartaldımmı?was I able to rescue? | senquthartaldıŋmı?were you able to rescue? | olquthartaldımı?was he able to rescue? | bizquthartaldıqmı?were we able to rescue? | sizquthartaldığızmı?were you all able to rescue? | alaquthartaldılamı?were they able to rescue? |
| Ability — simple past | menquthartalmadımmı?couldn't I rescue? | senquthartalmadıŋmı?couldn't you rescue? | olquthartalmadımı?couldn't he rescue? | bizquthartalmadıqmı?couldn't we rescue? | sizquthartalmadığızmı?couldn't you all rescue? | alaquthartalmadılamı?couldn't they rescue? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquthartalğanmaI have been able to rescue | senquthartalğansayou have been able to rescue | olquthartalğandıhe has been able to rescue | bizquthartalğanbızwe have been able to rescue | sizquthartalğansızyou all have been able to rescue | alaquthartalğandılathey have been able to rescue |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquthartalmağanmaI haven't been able to rescue | senquthartalmağansayou haven't been able to rescue | olquthartalmağandıhe hasn't been able to rescue | bizquthartalmağanbızwe haven't been able to rescue | sizquthartalmağansızyou all haven't been able to rescue | alaquthartalmağandılathey haven't been able to rescue |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquthartalğanmamı? quthartalğanmıma?have I been able to rescue? | senquthartalğanmısa?have you been able to rescue? | olquthartalğanmıdı?has he been able to rescue? | bizquthartalğanbızmı? quthartalğanmıbız?have we been able to rescue? | sizquthartalğanmısız?have you all been able to rescue? | alaquthartalğanmıdıla?have they been able to rescue? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquthartalmağanmamı? quthartalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to rescue? | senquthartalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to rescue? | olquthartalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to rescue? | bizquthartalmağanbızmı? quthartalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to rescue? | sizquthartalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to rescue? | alaquthartalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to rescue? |
| Ability — past perfect | menquthartalğan edimquthartalğanemI had been able to rescue | senquthartalğan ediŋquthartalğaneŋyou had been able to rescue | olquthartalğan ediquthartalğanedhe had been able to rescue | bizquthartalğan edikquthartalğanekwe had been able to rescue | sizquthartalğan edigizquthartalğanegizyou all had been able to rescue | alaquthartalğan edilequthartalğanellethey had been able to rescue |
| Ability — past perfect | menquthartalmağan edimquthartalmağanemI hadn't been able to rescue | senquthartalmağan ediŋquthartalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to rescue | olquthartalmağan ediquthartalmağanedhe hadn't been able to rescue | bizquthartalmağan edikquthartalmağanekwe hadn't been able to rescue | sizquthartalmağan edigizquthartalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to rescue | alaquthartalmağan edilequthartalmağanellethey hadn't been able to rescue |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menquthartala edimquthartalaemI could rescue | senquthartala ediŋquthartalaeŋyou could rescue | olquthartala ediquthartalaedhe could rescue | bizquthartala edikquthartalaekwe could rescue | sizquthartala edigizquthartalaegizyou all could rescue | alaquthartala edilequthartalaellethey could rescue |
| Ability — past background | menquthartalmay edimquthartalmayemI could not rescue | senquthartalmay ediŋquthartalmayeŋyou could not rescue | olquthartalmay ediquthartalmayedhe could not rescue | bizquthartalmay edikquthartalmayekwe could not rescue | sizquthartalmay edigizquthartalmayegizyou all could not rescue | alaquthartalmay edilequthartalmayellethey could not rescue |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menquthartalırmaI will be able to rescue | senquthartalırsayou will be able to rescue | olquthartalırhe will be able to rescue | bizquthartalırbızwe will be able to rescue | sizquthartalırsızyou all will be able to rescue | alaquthartalırlathey will be able to rescue |
| Ability — future I | menquthartalmazmaI won't be able to rescue | senquthartalmazsayou won't be able to rescue | olquthartalmazhe won't be able to rescue | bizquthartalmazbızwe won't be able to rescue | sizquthartalmazsızyou all won't be able to rescue | alaquthartalmazlathey won't be able to rescue |
| Ability — future I | menquthartalırmamı? quthartalırmıma?will I be able to rescue? | senquthartalırmısa?will you be able to rescue? | olquthartalırmı?will he be able to rescue? | bizquthartalırbızmı? quthartalırmıbız?will we be able to rescue? | sizquthartalırmısız?will you all be able to rescue? | alaquthartalırlamı? quthartalırmıla?will they be able to rescue? |
| Ability — future I | menquthartalmazmamı? quthartalmazmıma?won't I be able to rescue? | senquthartalmazmısa?won't you be able to rescue? | olquthartalmazmı?won't he be able to rescue? | bizquthartalmazbızmı? quthartalmazmıbız?won't we be able to rescue? | sizquthartalmazmısız?won't you all be able to rescue? | alaquthartalmazlamı? quthartalmazmıla?won't they be able to rescue? |
| Ability — future II | menquthartallıqmaI am going to be able to rescue | senquthartallıqsayou are going to be able to rescue | olquthartallıqdıhe is going to be able to rescue | bizquthartallıqbızwe are going to be able to rescue | sizquthartallıqsızyou all are going to be able to rescue | alaquthartallıqdılathey are going to be able to rescue |
| Ability — future II | menquthartallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to rescue | senquthartallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to rescue | olquthartallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to rescue | bizquthartallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to rescue | sizquthartallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to rescue | alaquthartallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to rescue |
| Ability — future II | menquthartallıqmamı? quthartallıqmıma?am I going to be able to rescue? | senquthartallıqmısa?are you going to be able to rescue? | olquthartallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to rescue? | bizquthartallıqbızmı? quthartallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to rescue? | sizquthartallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to rescue? | alaquthartallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to rescue? |
| Ability — future II | menquthartallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to rescue? | senquthartallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to rescue? | olquthartallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to rescue? | bizquthartallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to rescue? | sizquthartallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to rescue? | alaquthartallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to rescue? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquthartalır edimquthartalır emI would be able to rescue | senquthartalır ediŋquthartalır eŋyou would be able to rescue | olquthartalır ediquthartalır edhe would be able to rescue | bizquthartalır edikquthartalır ekwe would be able to rescue | sizquthartalır edigizquthartalır egizyou all would be able to rescue | alaquthartalır edilequthartalır ellethey would be able to rescue |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquthartalmaz edimquthartalmaz emI wouldn't be able to rescue | senquthartalmaz ediŋquthartalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to rescue | olquthartalmaz ediquthartalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to rescue | bizquthartalmaz edikquthartalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to rescue | sizquthartalmaz edigizquthartalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to rescue | alaquthartalmaz edilequthartalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to rescue |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquthartalğınquthartalğımay you be able to rescue | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquthartalmağınquthartalmağımay you not be able to rescue | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menquthartırğa izleymeI want to rescue | senquthartırğa izleyseyou want to rescue | olquthartırğa izleydihe wants to rescue | bizquthartırğa izleybizwe want to rescue | sizquthartırğa izleysizyou all want to rescue | alaquthartırğa izleydilethey want to rescue |
| want to | menquthartırğa izlemeymeI do not want to rescue | senquthartırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to rescue | olquthartırğa izlemeydihe does not want to rescue | bizquthartırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to rescue | sizquthartırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to rescue | alaquthartırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to rescue |
| would like to | menquthartırğa süemeI would like to rescue | senquthartırğa süeseyou would like to rescue | olquthartırğa süedihe would like to rescue | bizquthartırğa süebizwe would like to rescue | sizquthartırğa süesizyou all would like to rescue | alaquthartırğa süedilethey would like to rescue |
| would like to | menquthartırğa süymeymeI would not like to rescue | senquthartırğa süymeyseyou would not like to rescue | olquthartırğa süymeydihe would not like to rescue | bizquthartırğa süymeybizwe would not like to rescue | sizquthartırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to rescue | alaquthartırğa süymeydilethey would not like to rescue |
| hope to | menquthartırğa umutlanamaI hope to rescue | senquthartırğa umutlanasayou hope to rescue | olquthartırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to rescue | bizquthartırğa umutlanabızwe hope to rescue | sizquthartırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to rescue | alaquthartırğa umutlanadılathey hope to rescue |
| hope to | menquthartırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to rescue | senquthartırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to rescue | olquthartırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to rescue | bizquthartırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to rescue | sizquthartırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to rescue | alaquthartırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to rescue |
| be about to | menquthartırğa deb turamaI am about to rescue | senquthartırğa deb turasayou are about to rescue | olquthartırğa deb turadıhe is about to rescue | bizquthartırğa deb turabızwe are about to rescue | sizquthartırğa deb turasızyou all are about to rescue | alaquthartırğa deb turadılathey are about to rescue |
| be about to | menquthartırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to rescue | senquthartırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to rescue | olquthartırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to rescue | bizquthartırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to rescue | sizquthartırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to rescue | alaquthartırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to rescue |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menquthartırğa kerekmeI need to rescue | senquthartırğa kerekseyou need to rescue | olquthartırğa kerekdihe needs to rescue | bizquthartırğa kerekbizwe need to rescue | sizquthartırğa kereksizyou all need to rescue | alaquthartırğa kerekdilethey need to rescue |
| need to | menquthartırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to rescue | senquthartırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to rescue | olquthartırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to rescue | bizquthartırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to rescue | sizquthartırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to rescue | alaquthartırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to rescue |
| have to | menmenŋe quthartırğa tüşediI have to rescue | sensenŋe quthartırğa tüşediyou have to rescue | olaŋa quthartırğa tüşedihe has to rescue | bizbizge quthartırğa tüşediwe have to rescue | sizsizge quthartırğa tüşediyou all have to rescue | alaalağa quthartırğa tüşedithey have to rescue |
| have to | menmenŋe quthartırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to rescue | sensenŋe quthartırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to rescue | olaŋa quthartırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to rescue | bizbizge quthartırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to rescue | sizsizge quthartırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to rescue | alaalağa quthartırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to rescue |
| be obliged to | menquthartırğa borçlumaI am obliged to rescue | senquthartırğa borçlusayou are obliged to rescue | olquthartırğa borçluduhe is obliged to rescue | bizquthartırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to rescue | sizquthartırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to rescue | alaquthartırğa borçludulathey are obliged to rescue |
| be obliged to | menquthartırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to rescue | senquthartırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to rescue | olquthartırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to rescue | bizquthartırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to rescue | sizquthartırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to rescue | alaquthartırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to rescue |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menquthartırğa madarım bardıI have a way to rescue | senquthartırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to rescue | olquthartırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to rescue | bizquthartırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to rescue | sizquthartırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to rescue | alaquthartırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to rescue |
| have a way to | menquthartırğa madarım joqduI have no way to rescue | senquthartırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to rescue | olquthartırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to rescue | bizquthartırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to rescue | sizquthartırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to rescue | alaquthartırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to rescue |
| be free to | menquthartırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to rescue | senquthartırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to rescue | olquthartırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to rescue | bizquthartırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to rescue | sizquthartırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to rescue | alaquthartırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to rescue |
| be free to | menquthartırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to rescue | senquthartırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to rescue | olquthartırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to rescue | bizquthartırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to rescue | sizquthartırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to rescue | alaquthartırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to rescue |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to rescue | sensenŋe quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to rescue | olaŋa quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to rescue | bizbizge quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to rescue | sizsizge quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to rescue | alaalağa quthartırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to rescue |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to rescue | sensenŋe quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to rescue | olaŋa quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to rescue | bizbizge quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to rescue | sizsizge quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to rescue | alaalağa quthartırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to rescue |
| be ready to | menquthartırğa hazırmaI am ready to rescue | senquthartırğa hazırsayou are ready to rescue | olquthartırğa hazırdıhe is ready to rescue | bizquthartırğa hazırbızwe are ready to rescue | sizquthartırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to rescue | alaquthartırğa hazırdılathey are ready to rescue |
| be ready to | menquthartırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to rescue | senquthartırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to rescue | olquthartırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to rescue | bizquthartırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to rescue | sizquthartırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to rescue | alaquthartırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to rescue |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menquthartırğa küreşemeI am trying to rescue | senquthartırğa küreşeseyou are trying to rescue | olquthartırğa küreşedihe is trying to rescue | bizquthartırğa küreşebizwe are trying to rescue | sizquthartırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to rescue | alaquthartırğa küreşedilethey are trying to rescue |
| try to | menquthartırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to rescue | senquthartırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to rescue | olquthartırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to rescue | bizquthartırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to rescue | sizquthartırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to rescue | alaquthartırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to rescue |
| agree to | menquthartırğa unaymaI agree to rescue | senquthartırğa unaysayou agree to rescue | olquthartırğa unaydıhe agrees to rescue | bizquthartırğa unaybızwe agree to rescue | sizquthartırğa unaysızyou all agree to rescue | alaquthartırğa unaydılathey agree to rescue |
| agree to | menquthartırğa unamaymaI refuse to rescue | senquthartırğa unamaysayou refuse to rescue | olquthartırğa unamaydıhe refuses to rescue | bizquthartırğa unamaybızwe refuse to rescue | sizquthartırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to rescue | alaquthartırğa unamaydılathey refuse to rescue |
| hurry to | menquthartırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to rescue | senquthartırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to rescue | olquthartırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to rescue | bizquthartırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to rescue | sizquthartırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to rescue | alaquthartırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to rescue |
| hurry to | menquthartırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to rescue | senquthartırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to rescue | olquthartırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to rescue | bizquthartırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to rescue | sizquthartırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to rescue | alaquthartırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to rescue |
| be afraid to | menquthartırğa qorqamaI am afraid to rescue | senquthartırğa qorqasayou are afraid to rescue | olquthartırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to rescue | bizquthartırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to rescue | sizquthartırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to rescue | alaquthartırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to rescue |
| be afraid to | menquthartırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to rescue | senquthartırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to rescue | olquthartırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to rescue | bizquthartırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to rescue | sizquthartırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to rescue | alaquthartırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to rescue |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqutharta bolmazmaI can't be rescuing | senqutharta bolmazsayou can't be rescuing | olqutharta bolmazhe can't be rescuing | bizqutharta bolmazbızwe can't be rescuing | sizqutharta bolmazsızyou all can't be rescuing | alaqutharta bolmazlathey can't be rescuing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menquthartmay bolmazmaI must be rescuing (emphatic) | senquthartmay bolmazsayou must be rescuing (emphatic) | olquthartmay bolmazhe must be rescuing (emphatic) | bizquthartmay bolmazbızwe must be rescuing (emphatic) | sizquthartmay bolmazsızyou all must be rescuing (emphatic) | alaquthartmay bolmazlathey must be rescuing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqutharta turmasamif I don't keep rescuing | senqutharta turmasaŋif you don't keep rescuing | olqutharta turmasaif he doesn't keep rescuing | bizqutharta turmasaqif we don't keep rescuing | sizqutharta turmasağızif you all don't keep rescuing | alaqutharta turmasalaif they don't keep rescuing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqutharta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of rescuing | senqutharta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of rescuing | olqutharta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of rescuing | bizqutharta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of rescuing | sizqutharta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of rescuing | alaqutharta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of rescuing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menquthartmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) | senquthartmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) | olquthartmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) | bizquthartmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) | sizquthartmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) | alaquthartmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not rescuing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menquthartmay turamaI keep on not rescuing | senquthartmay turasayou keep on not rescuing | olquthartmay turadıhe keeps on not rescuing | bizquthartmay turabızwe keep on not rescuing | sizquthartmay turasızyou all keep on not rescuing | alaquthartmay turadılathey keep on not rescuing |
| Progressive — double negation | menquthartmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not rescuing | senquthartmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not rescuing | olquthartmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not rescuing | bizquthartmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not rescuing | sizquthartmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not rescuing | alaquthartmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not rescuing |
| Progressive — double negation | menquthartmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not rescuing? | senquthartmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not rescuing? | olquthartmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not rescuing? | bizquthartmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not rescuing? | sizquthartmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not rescuing? | alaquthartmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not rescuing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqutharthan bolmazmaI can't have rescued | senqutharthan bolmazsayou can't have rescued | olqutharthan bolmazhe can't have rescued | bizqutharthan bolmazbızwe can't have rescued | sizqutharthan bolmazsızyou all can't have rescued | alaqutharthan bolmazlathey can't have rescued |
| Inference — double negation | menquthartmağan bolmazmaI must have rescued (emphatic) | senquthartmağan bolmazsayou must have rescued (emphatic) | olquthartmağan bolmazhe must have rescued (emphatic) | bizquthartmağan bolmazbızwe must have rescued (emphatic) | sizquthartmağan bolmazsızyou all must have rescued (emphatic) | alaquthartmağan bolmazlathey must have rescued (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqutharthan bolmasamif it weren't that I had rescued | senqutharthan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had rescued | olqutharthan bolmasaif it weren't that he had rescued | bizqutharthan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had rescued | sizqutharthan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had rescued | alaqutharthan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had rescued |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menquthartmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't rescued | senquthartmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't rescued | olquthartmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't rescued | bizquthartmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't rescued | sizquthartmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't rescued | alaquthartmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't rescued |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menquthartırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to rescue | senquthartırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to rescue | olquthartırıq bolmazhe can't be going to rescue | bizquthartırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to rescue | sizquthartırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to rescue | alaquthartırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to rescue |
| Inference, future — double negation | menquthartmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to rescue (emphatic) | senquthartmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to rescue (emphatic) | olquthartmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to rescue (emphatic) | bizquthartmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to rescue (emphatic) | sizquthartmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to rescue (emphatic) | alaquthartmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to rescue (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menquthartırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to rescue | senquthartırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to rescue | olquthartırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to rescue | bizquthartırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to rescue | sizquthartırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to rescue | alaquthartırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to rescue |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menquthartmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to rescue | senquthartmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to rescue | olquthartmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to rescue | bizquthartmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to rescue | sizquthartmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to rescue | alaquthartmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to rescue |