quşqonmaz
/quʃqonmaz/ · plural quşqonmazla
1. alder buckthorn — The shrub Rhamnus frangula.
- bu quşqonmazdı — this is alder buckthorn
- quşqonmaznı janında — beside the alder buckthorn
- biz quşqonmaznı kördük — we saw the alder buckthorn
2. common buckthorn — The shrub Rhamnus cathartica. one source
- mında quşqonmaz ösedi — common buckthorn grows here
- quşqonmaznı çapıraqları — the common buckthorn's leaves
- men quşqonmaznı kördüm — I saw the common buckthorn
3. (of a place) where no bird lands; desolate, deserted, inhospitable — Literally 'where a bird will not land'. Mostly used with jer: quşqonmaz jer means a bad, desolate place. Nevruz 1991 marks the sense 'desolate' as figurative.
- quşqonmaz jer — a desolate place (literally, a place where no bird lands)
- bu quşqonmaz jerdi — this is a desolate place
- ala quşqonmaz jerde jaşaydıla — they live in a desolate place
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | quşqonmazthe buckthorn | quşqonmazımmy buckthorn | quşqonmazıŋyour buckthorn | quşqonmazıhis buckthorn | quşqonmazıbızour buckthorn | quşqonmazığızyou all's buckthorn | quşqonmazlarıtheir buckthorns |
| Genitive | quşqonmaznıthe buckthorn's | quşqonmazımımy buckthorn's | quşqonmazıŋıyour buckthorn's | quşqonmazınıhis buckthorn's | quşqonmazıbıznıour buckthorn's | quşqonmazığıznıyou all's buckthorn's | quşqonmazlarınıtheir buckthorns' |
| Accusative | quşqonmaznıthe buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazımımy buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazıŋıyour buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazınhis buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazıbıznıour buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazığıznıyou all's buckthorn (as the object) | quşqonmazlarıntheir buckthorns (as the object) |
| Dative | quşqonmazğato the buckthorn | quşqonmazımato my buckthorn | quşqonmazıŋato your buckthorn | quşqonmazınato his buckthorn | quşqonmazıbızğato our buckthorn | quşqonmazığızğato you all's buckthorn | quşqonmazlarınato their buckthorns |
| Locative | quşqonmazdain / at the buckthorn | quşqonmazımdain / at my buckthorn | quşqonmazıŋdain / at your buckthorn | quşqonmazındain / at his buckthorn | quşqonmazıbızdain / at our buckthorn | quşqonmazığızdain / at you all's buckthorn | quşqonmazlarındain / at their buckthorns |
| Ablative | quşqonmazdanfrom the buckthorn | quşqonmazımdanfrom my buckthorn | quşqonmazıŋdanfrom your buckthorn | quşqonmazındanfrom his buckthorn | quşqonmazıbızdanfrom our buckthorn | quşqonmazığızdanfrom you all's buckthorn | quşqonmazlarındanfrom their buckthorns |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | quşqonmazlathe buckthorns | quşqonmazlarımmy buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıŋyour buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıhis buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıbızour buckthorns | quşqonmazlarığızyou all's buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıtheir buckthorns |
| Genitive | quşqonmazlanıthe buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarımımy buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarıŋıyour buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarınıhis buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarıbıznıour buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarığıznıyou all's buckthorns' | quşqonmazlarınıtheir buckthorns' |
| Accusative | quşqonmazlanıthe buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarımımy buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarıŋıyour buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarınhis buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarıbıznıour buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarığıznıyou all's buckthorns (as the object) | quşqonmazlarıntheir buckthorns (as the object) |
| Dative | quşqonmazlağato the buckthorns | quşqonmazlarımato my buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıŋato your buckthorns | quşqonmazlarınato his buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıbızğato our buckthorns | quşqonmazlarığızğato you all's buckthorns | quşqonmazlarınato their buckthorns |
| Locative | quşqonmazladain / at the buckthorns | quşqonmazlarımdain / at my buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıŋdain / at your buckthorns | quşqonmazlarındain / at his buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıbızdain / at our buckthorns | quşqonmazlarığızdain / at you all's buckthorns | quşqonmazlarındain / at their buckthorns |
| Ablative | quşqonmazladanfrom the buckthorns | quşqonmazlarımdanfrom my buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıŋdanfrom your buckthorns | quşqonmazlarındanfrom his buckthorns | quşqonmazlarıbızdanfrom our buckthorns | quşqonmazlarığızdanfrom you all's buckthorns | quşqonmazlarındanfrom their buckthorns |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: quşqonmazları can mean "his / her buckthorns", "their buckthorn", or "their buckthorns" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | quşqonmazmaI am desolate | quşqonmazsayou are desolate | quşqonmazdıhe is desolate | quşqonmazbızwe are desolate | quşqonmazsızyou all are desolate | quşqonmazdılathey are desolate |
| comparative — more | quşqonmazıraqmaI am more desolate | quşqonmazıraqsayou are more desolate | quşqonmazıraqdıhe is more desolate | quşqonmazıraqbızwe are more desolate | quşqonmazıraqsızyou all are more desolate | quşqonmazıraqdılathey are more desolate |
| intensifier — very | bek quşqonmazmaI am very desolate | bek quşqonmazsayou are very desolate | bek quşqonmazdıhe is very desolate | bek quşqonmazbızwe are very desolate | bek quşqonmazsızyou all are very desolate | bek quşqonmazdılathey are very desolate |
| superlative — most | em quşqonmazmaI am the most desolate | em quşqonmazsayou are the most desolate | em quşqonmazdıhe is the most desolate | em quşqonmazbızwe are the most desolate | em quşqonmazsızyou all are the most desolate | em quşqonmazdılathey are the most desolate |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden quşqonmazdı — "compared to me, he is desolate."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki quşqonmazdımine is desolate | seniki quşqonmazdıyours is desolate | anıqı quşqonmazdıhis is desolate | bizniki quşqonmazdıours is desolate | sizniki quşqonmazdıyours (pl.) is desolate | alanıqı quşqonmazdıtheirs is desolate |
| comparative — more | meniki quşqonmazıraqdımine is more desolate | seniki quşqonmazıraqdıyours is more desolate | anıqı quşqonmazıraqdıhis is more desolate | bizniki quşqonmazıraqdıours is more desolate | sizniki quşqonmazıraqdıyours (pl.) is more desolate | alanıqı quşqonmazıraqdıtheirs is more desolate |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek quşqonmazdımine is very desolate | seniki bek quşqonmazdıyours is very desolate | anıqı bek quşqonmazdıhis is very desolate | bizniki bek quşqonmazdıours is very desolate | sizniki bek quşqonmazdıyours (pl.) is very desolate | alanıqı bek quşqonmazdıtheirs is very desolate |
| superlative — most | meniki em quşqonmazdımine is the most desolate | seniki em quşqonmazdıyours is the most desolate | anıqı em quşqonmazdıhis is the most desolate | bizniki em quşqonmazdıours is the most desolate | sizniki em quşqonmazdıyours (pl.) is the most desolate | alanıqı em quşqonmazdıtheirs is the most desolate |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile quşqonmazdılamine are desolate | senikile quşqonmazdılayours are desolate | anıqıla quşqonmazdılahis are desolate | biznikile quşqonmazdılaours are desolate | siznikile quşqonmazdılayours (pl.) are desolate | alanıqıla quşqonmazdılatheirs are desolate |
| comparative — more | menikile quşqonmazıraqdılamine are more desolate | senikile quşqonmazıraqdılayours are more desolate | anıqıla quşqonmazıraqdılahis are more desolate | biznikile quşqonmazıraqdılaours are more desolate | siznikile quşqonmazıraqdılayours (pl.) are more desolate | alanıqıla quşqonmazıraqdılatheirs are more desolate |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek quşqonmazdılamine are very desolate | senikile bek quşqonmazdılayours are very desolate | anıqıla bek quşqonmazdılahis are very desolate | biznikile bek quşqonmazdılaours are very desolate | siznikile bek quşqonmazdılayours (pl.) are very desolate | alanıqıla bek quşqonmazdılatheirs are very desolate |
| superlative — most | menikile em quşqonmazdılamine are the most desolate | senikile em quşqonmazdılayours are the most desolate | anıqıla em quşqonmazdılahis are the most desolate | biznikile em quşqonmazdılaours are the most desolate | siznikile em quşqonmazdılayours (pl.) are the most desolate | alanıqıla em quşqonmazdılatheirs are the most desolate |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu quşqonmazdı, bıla quşqonmazdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".