qral
/qral/ · plural qralla
1. country, state, land, realm — Before another noun it means state or national; tış qral means a foreign country or abroad.
- qralda mamırlıq bolsun! — may there be peace in the country!
- ullu qralda köb millet jaşaydı — many nations live in the large country
- tış qral — a foreign country; abroad
- köb milletli qral — a multinational state
- ullu qralla — great powers
- qralnı qanununa boyun salırğa kerekdi — one must obey the law of the state
- qral qulluq — state service
- qral tili - birleşdirgen küçdü — the state language is a unifying force
2. homeland, native land, fatherland
- ata qralın süymegen adam joqdu — there is no one who does not love their fatherland
- qralımdan uzaqda jüregim qıynaldı — far from my homeland my heart grieved
- qralıŋa boluşluq etiw borçdu — helping your native land is a duty
3. the people, the nation, folk — Used collectively of a gathered community or of the people at large, not of a state. Elbrusoid marks this meaning as Karachay.
- qral nege jıyılğandı? — why have the people gathered?
- qral barı da toyğa jıyıldı — all the people gathered at the feast
- qral ne aytsa, anı etebiz — whatever the people say, we do it
4. oath, vow, pledge — An old word in this meaning, met chiefly in the pairing ant qral.
- ant qral etib sözün berdi — swearing an oath, he gave his word
- ekibiz etgen qralğa — to the oath the two of us swore
- ant qral etgenibizni unutmaybız — we do not forget the oath we swore
- qralın buzğan adamğa iynanıw joqdu — there is no trusting a person who has broken their oath
Expressions
- qrallıq jürütürge — wield power
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qralthe country | qralımmy country | qralıŋyour country | qralıhis country | qralıbızour country | qralığızyou all's country | qrallarıtheir countries |
| Genitive | qralnıthe country's | qralımımy country's | qralıŋıyour country's | qralınıhis country's | qralıbıznıour country's | qralığıznıyou all's country's | qrallarınıtheir countries' |
| Accusative | qralnıthe country (as the object) | qralımımy country (as the object) | qralıŋıyour country (as the object) | qralınhis country (as the object) | qralıbıznıour country (as the object) | qralığıznıyou all's country (as the object) | qrallarıntheir countries (as the object) |
| Dative | qralğato the country | qralımato my country | qralıŋato your country | qralınato his country | qralıbızğato our country | qralığızğato you all's country | qrallarınato their countries |
| Locative | qraldain / at the country | qralımdain / at my country | qralıŋdain / at your country | qralındain / at his country | qralıbızdain / at our country | qralığızdain / at you all's country | qrallarındain / at their countries |
| Ablative | qraldanfrom the country | qralımdanfrom my country | qralıŋdanfrom your country | qralındanfrom his country | qralıbızdanfrom our country | qralığızdanfrom you all's country | qrallarındanfrom their countries |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qrallathe countries | qrallarımmy countries | qrallarıŋyour countries | qrallarıhis countries | qrallarıbızour countries | qrallarığızyou all's countries | qrallarıtheir countries |
| Genitive | qrallanıthe countries' | qrallarımımy countries' | qrallarıŋıyour countries' | qrallarınıhis countries' | qrallarıbıznıour countries' | qrallarığıznıyou all's countries' | qrallarınıtheir countries' |
| Accusative | qrallanıthe countries (as the object) | qrallarımımy countries (as the object) | qrallarıŋıyour countries (as the object) | qrallarınhis countries (as the object) | qrallarıbıznıour countries (as the object) | qrallarığıznıyou all's countries (as the object) | qrallarıntheir countries (as the object) |
| Dative | qrallağato the countries | qrallarımato my countries | qrallarıŋato your countries | qrallarınato his countries | qrallarıbızğato our countries | qrallarığızğato you all's countries | qrallarınato their countries |
| Locative | qralladain / at the countries | qrallarımdain / at my countries | qrallarıŋdain / at your countries | qrallarındain / at his countries | qrallarıbızdain / at our countries | qrallarığızdain / at you all's countries | qrallarındain / at their countries |
| Ablative | qralladanfrom the countries | qrallarımdanfrom my countries | qrallarıŋdanfrom your countries | qrallarındanfrom his countries | qrallarıbızdanfrom our countries | qrallarığızdanfrom you all's countries | qrallarındanfrom their countries |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qralları can mean "his / her countries", "their country", or "their countries" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qralnıqıthe country's one | qralnıqılathe country's ones | qrallanıqıthe countries' one | qrallanıqılathe countries' ones |
| Genitive | qralnıqınıof the country's one | qralnıqılanıof the country's ones | qrallanıqınıof the countries' one | qrallanıqılanıof the countries' ones |
| Accusative | qralnıqınthe country's one (as the object) | qralnıqılanıthe country's ones (as the object) | qrallanıqınthe countries' one (as the object) | qrallanıqılanıthe countries' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | qralnıqınato the country's one | qralnıqılağato the country's ones | qrallanıqınato the countries' one | qrallanıqılağato the countries' ones |
| Locative | qralnıqındain / at the country's one | qralnıqıladain / at the country's ones | qrallanıqındain / at the countries' one | qrallanıqıladain / at the countries' ones |
| Ablative | qralnıqındanfrom the country's one | qralnıqıladanfrom the country's ones | qrallanıqındanfrom the countries' one | qrallanıqıladanfrom the countries' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.