qawşarğa
/qawʃarʁa/
perish, die, be destroyed — Often used of death in war: uruşda qawşarğa means "fall in battle".
- uruşda qawşarğa — to perish in battle
Conjugation
Common forms
- qawşaydıhe is perishing
- qawşadıhe perished
- qawşağandıhe has perished
- qawşarhe will perish
- qawşarıqdıhe is going to perish
- qawşay edihe was perishing
- qawşasaif he perishes
- qawşa!perish!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqawşaymaI am perishing | senqawşaysayou are perishing | olqawşaydıhe is perishing | bizqawşaybızwe are perishing | sizqawşaysızyou all are perishing | alaqawşaydılathey are perishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqawşamaymaI am not perishing | senqawşamaysayou are not perishing | olqawşamaydıhe is not perishing | bizqawşamaybızwe are not perishing | sizqawşamaysızyou all are not perishing | alaqawşamaydılathey are not perishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqawşaymamı? qawşaymıma?am I perishing? | senqawşaymısa?are you perishing? | olqawşaymıdı?is he perishing? | bizqawşaybızmı? qawşaymıbız?are we perishing? | sizqawşaymısız?are you all perishing? | alaqawşaymıdıla?are they perishing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqawşamaymamı? qawşamaymıma?aren't I perishing? | senqawşamaymısa?aren't you perishing? | olqawşamaymıdı?isn't he perishing? | bizqawşamaybızmı? qawşamaymıbız?aren't we perishing? | sizqawşamaymısız?aren't you all perishing? | alaqawşamaymıdıla?aren't they perishing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqawşawçanmaI usually perish | senqawşawçansayou usually perish | olqawşawçandıhe usually perishes | bizqawşawçanbızwe usually perish | sizqawşawçansızyou all usually perish | alaqawşawçandılathey usually perish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqawşamawçanmaI usually don't perish | senqawşamawçansayou usually don't perish | olqawşamawçandıhe usually doesn't perish | bizqawşamawçanbızwe usually don't perish | sizqawşamawçansızyou all usually don't perish | alaqawşamawçandılathey usually don't perish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqawşawçanmamı? qawşawçanmıma?do I usually perish? | senqawşawçanmısa?do you usually perish? | olqawşawçanmıdı?does he usually perish? | bizqawşawçanbızmı? qawşawçanmıbız?do we usually perish? | sizqawşawçanmısız?do you all usually perish? | alaqawşawçanmıdıla?do they usually perish? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqawşamawçanmamı? qawşamawçanmıma?do I usually not perish? | senqawşamawçanmısa?do you usually not perish? | olqawşamawçanmıdı?does he usually not perish? | bizqawşamawçanbızmı? qawşamawçanmıbız?do we usually not perish? | sizqawşamawçanmısız?do you all usually not perish? | alaqawşamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not perish? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqawşabdıhe has perished and remains so | alaqawşabdılathey have perished and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqawşabmıdı?has he perished? | alaqawşabmıdıla?have they perished? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqawşab turamaI keep perishing | senqawşab turasayou keep perishing | olqawşab turadıhe keeps perishing | bizqawşab turabızwe keep perishing | sizqawşab turasızyou all keep perishing | alaqawşab turadılathey keep perishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqawşab turmaymaI don't keep perishing | senqawşab turmaysayou don't keep perishing | olqawşab turmaydıhe doesn't keep perishing | bizqawşab turmaybızwe don't keep perishing | sizqawşab turmaysızyou all don't keep perishing | alaqawşab turmaydılathey don't keep perishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqawşab turamamı? qawşab turamıma?do I keep perishing? | senqawşab turamısa?do you keep perishing? | olqawşab turamıdı?does he keep perishing? | bizqawşab turabızmı? qawşab turamıbız?do we keep perishing? | sizqawşab turamısız?do you all keep perishing? | alaqawşab turamıdıla?do they keep perishing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqawşab turmaymamı? qawşab turmaymıma?don't I keep perishing? | senqawşab turmaymısa?don't you keep perishing? | olqawşab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep perishing? | bizqawşab turmaybızmı? qawşab turmaymıbız?don't we keep perishing? | sizqawşab turmaymısız?don't you all keep perishing? | alaqawşab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep perishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqawşay turamaI am in the middle of perishing | senqawşay turasayou are in the middle of perishing | olqawşay turadıhe is in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay turabızwe are in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay turasızyou all are in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay turadılathey are in the middle of perishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqawşay turmaymaI am not in the middle of perishing | senqawşay turmaysayou are not in the middle of perishing | olqawşay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of perishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqawşay turamamı? qawşay turamıma?am I in the middle of perishing? | senqawşay turamısa?are you in the middle of perishing? | olqawşay turamıdı?is he in the middle of perishing? | bizqawşay turabızmı? qawşay turamıbız?are we in the middle of perishing? | sizqawşay turamısız?are you all in the middle of perishing? | alaqawşay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of perishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqawşay turmaymamı? qawşay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of perishing? | senqawşay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of perishing? | olqawşay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of perishing? | bizqawşay turmaybızmı? qawşay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of perishing? | sizqawşay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of perishing? | alaqawşay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of perishing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqawşadımI perished | senqawşadıŋyou perished | olqawşadıhe perished | bizqawşadıqwe perished | sizqawşadığızyou all perished | alaqawşadılathey perished |
| Simple past (definite) | menqawşamadımI didn't perish | senqawşamadıŋyou didn't perish | olqawşamadıhe didn't perish | bizqawşamadıqwe didn't perish | sizqawşamadığızyou all didn't perish | alaqawşamadılathey didn't perish |
| Simple past (definite) | menqawşadımmı?did I perish? | senqawşadıŋmı?did you perish? | olqawşadımı?did he perish? | bizqawşadıqmı?did we perish? | sizqawşadığızmı?did you all perish? | alaqawşadılamı?did they perish? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqawşamadımmı?didn't I perish? | senqawşamadıŋmı?didn't you perish? | olqawşamadımı?didn't he perish? | bizqawşamadıqmı?didn't we perish? | sizqawşamadığızmı?didn't you all perish? | alaqawşamadılamı?didn't they perish? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqawşağanmaI have perished | senqawşağansayou have perished | olqawşağandıhe has perished | bizqawşağanbızwe have perished | sizqawşağansızyou all have perished | alaqawşağandılathey have perished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqawşamağanmaI haven't perished | senqawşamağansayou haven't perished | olqawşamağandıhe hasn't perished | bizqawşamağanbızwe haven't perished | sizqawşamağansızyou all haven't perished | alaqawşamağandılathey haven't perished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqawşağanmamı? qawşağanmıma?have I perished? | senqawşağanmısa?have you perished? | olqawşağanmıdı?has he perished? | bizqawşağanbızmı? qawşağanmıbız?have we perished? | sizqawşağanmısız?have you all perished? | alaqawşağanmıdıla?have they perished? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqawşamağanmamı? qawşamağanmıma?haven't I perished? | senqawşamağanmısa?haven't you perished? | olqawşamağanmıdı?hasn't he perished? | bizqawşamağanbızmı? qawşamağanmıbız?haven't we perished? | sizqawşamağanmısız?haven't you all perished? | alaqawşamağanmıdıla?haven't they perished? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqawşab turdumI kept perishing | senqawşab turduŋyou kept perishing | olqawşab turduhe kept perishing | bizqawşab turduqwe kept perishing | sizqawşab turduğuzyou all kept perishing | alaqawşab turdulathey kept perishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqawşab turmadımI didn't keep perishing | senqawşab turmadıŋyou didn't keep perishing | olqawşab turmadıhe didn't keep perishing | bizqawşab turmadıqwe didn't keep perishing | sizqawşab turmadığızyou all didn't keep perishing | alaqawşab turmadılathey didn't keep perishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqawşarmaI will perish | senqawşarsayou will perish | olqawşarhe will perish | bizqawşarbızwe will perish | sizqawşarsızyou all will perish | alaqawşarlathey will perish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqawşamazmaI won't perish | senqawşamazsayou won't perish | olqawşamazhe won't perish | bizqawşamazbızwe won't perish | sizqawşamazsızyou all won't perish | alaqawşamazlathey won't perish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqawşarmamı? qawşarmıma?will I perish? | senqawşarmısa?will you perish? | olqawşarmı?will he perish? | bizqawşarbızmı? qawşarmıbız?will we perish? | sizqawşarmısız?will you all perish? | alaqawşarlamı? qawşarmıla?will they perish? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqawşamazmamı? qawşamazmıma?won't I perish? | senqawşamazmısa?won't you perish? | olqawşamazmı?won't he perish? | bizqawşamazbızmı? qawşamazmıbız?won't we perish? | sizqawşamazmısız?won't you all perish? | alaqawşamazlamı? qawşamazmıla?won't they perish? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqawşarıqmaI am going to perish | senqawşarıqsayou are going to perish | olqawşarıqdıhe is going to perish | bizqawşarıqbızwe are going to perish | sizqawşarıqsızyou all are going to perish | alaqawşarıqdılathey are going to perish |
| Definite future (future II) | menqawşarıq tülmeI am not going to perish | senqawşarıq tülseyou are not going to perish | olqawşarıq tüldühe is not going to perish | bizqawşarıq tülbüzwe are not going to perish | sizqawşarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to perish | alaqawşarıq tüldülethey are not going to perish |
| Definite future (future II) | menqawşarıqmamı? qawşarıqmıma?am I going to perish? | senqawşarıqmısa?are you going to perish? | olqawşarıqmıdı?is he going to perish? | bizqawşarıqbızmı? qawşarıqmıbız?are we going to perish? | sizqawşarıqmısız?are you all going to perish? | alaqawşarıqmıdıla?are they going to perish? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqawşarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to perish? | senqawşarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to perish? | olqawşarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to perish? | bizqawşarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to perish? | sizqawşarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to perish? | alaqawşarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to perish? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqawşağan edimqawşağanemI had perished | senqawşağan ediŋqawşağaneŋyou had perished | olqawşağan ediqawşağanedhe had perished | bizqawşağan edikqawşağanekwe had perished | sizqawşağan edigizqawşağanegizyou all had perished | alaqawşağan edileqawşağanellethey had perished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqawşamağan edimqawşamağanemI hadn't perished | senqawşamağan ediŋqawşamağaneŋyou hadn't perished | olqawşamağan ediqawşamağanedhe hadn't perished | bizqawşamağan edikqawşamağanekwe hadn't perished | sizqawşamağan edigizqawşamağanegizyou all hadn't perished | alaqawşamağan edileqawşamağanellethey hadn't perished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqawşay edimqawşayemI was perishing | senqawşay ediŋqawşayeŋyou were perishing | olqawşay ediqawşayedhe was perishing | bizqawşay edikqawşayekwe were perishing | sizqawşay edigizqawşayegizyou all were perishing | alaqawşay edileqawşayellethey were perishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqawşamay edimqawşamayemI wasn't perishing | senqawşamay ediŋqawşamayeŋyou weren't perishing | olqawşamay ediqawşamayedhe wasn't perishing | bizqawşamay edikqawşamayekwe weren't perishing | sizqawşamay edigizqawşamayegizyou all weren't perishing | alaqawşamay edileqawşamayellethey weren't perishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqawşawçan edimqawşawçanemI used to perish | senqawşawçan ediŋqawşawçaneŋyou used to perish | olqawşawçan ediqawşawçanedhe used to perish | bizqawşawçan edikqawşawçanekwe used to perish | sizqawşawçan edigizqawşawçanegizyou all used to perish | alaqawşawçan edileqawşawçanellethey used to perish |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqawşamawçan edimqawşamawçanemI didn't use to perish | senqawşamawçan ediŋqawşamawçaneŋyou didn't use to perish | olqawşamawçan ediqawşamawçanedhe didn't use to perish | bizqawşamawçan edikqawşamawçanekwe didn't use to perish | sizqawşamawçan edigizqawşamawçanegizyou all didn't use to perish | alaqawşamawçan edileqawşamawçanellethey didn't use to perish |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqawşab edihe had perished and remained so | alaqawşab edilethey had perished and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqawşab tül edihe hadn't perished | alaqawşab tül edilethey hadn't perished | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqawşab tura edimqawşab turaemI had kept perishing | senqawşab tura ediŋqawşab turaeŋyou had kept perishing | olqawşab tura ediqawşab turaedhe had kept perishing | bizqawşab tura edikqawşab turaekwe had kept perishing | sizqawşab tura edigizqawşab turaegizyou all had kept perishing | alaqawşab tura edileqawşab turaellethey had kept perishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqawşab turmay edimqawşab turmayemI hadn't kept perishing | senqawşab turmay ediŋqawşab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept perishing | olqawşab turmay ediqawşab turmayedhe hadn't kept perishing | bizqawşab turmay edikqawşab turmayekwe hadn't kept perishing | sizqawşab turmay edigizqawşab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept perishing | alaqawşab turmay edileqawşab turmayellethey hadn't kept perishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqawşay tura edimqawşay turaemI was in the middle of perishing | senqawşay tura ediŋqawşay turaeŋyou were in the middle of perishing | olqawşay tura ediqawşay turaedhe was in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay tura edikqawşay turaekwe were in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay tura edigizqawşay turaegizyou all were in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay tura edileqawşay turaellethey were in the middle of perishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqawşay turmay edimqawşay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of perishing | senqawşay turmay ediŋqawşay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of perishing | olqawşay turmay ediqawşay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay turmay edikqawşay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay turmay edigizqawşay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay turmay edileqawşay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of perishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqawşar edimqawşar emI would perish | senqawşar ediŋqawşar eŋyou would perish | olqawşar ediqawşar edhe would perish | bizqawşar edikqawşar ekwe would perish | sizqawşar edigizqawşar egizyou all would perish | alaqawşar edileqawşar ellethey would perish |
| Conditional result (would) | menqawşamaz edimqawşamaz emI wouldn't perish | senqawşamaz ediŋqawşamaz eŋyou wouldn't perish | olqawşamaz ediqawşamaz edhe wouldn't perish | bizqawşamaz edikqawşamaz ekwe wouldn't perish | sizqawşamaz edigizqawşamaz egizyou all wouldn't perish | alaqawşamaz edileqawşamaz ellethey wouldn't perish |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqawşarıq edimqawşarıq emI would have perished | senqawşarıq ediŋqawşarıq eŋyou would have perished | olqawşarıq ediqawşarıq edhe would have perished | bizqawşarıq edikqawşarıq ekwe would have perished | sizqawşarıq edigizqawşarıq egizyou all would have perished | alaqawşarıq edileqawşarıq ellethey would have perished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqawşarıq tül edimqawşarıq tül emI wouldn't have perished | senqawşarıq tül ediŋqawşarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have perished | olqawşarıq tül ediqawşarıq tül edhe wouldn't have perished | bizqawşarıq tül edikqawşarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have perished | sizqawşarıq tül edigizqawşarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have perished | alaqawşarıq tül edileqawşarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have perished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqawşasamif I perish | senqawşasaŋif you perish | olqawşasaif he perishes | bizqawşasaqif we perish | sizqawşasağızif you all perish | alaqawşasalaif they perish |
| Conditional | menqawşamasamif I don't perish | senqawşamasaŋif you don't perish | olqawşamasaif he doesn't perish | bizqawşamasaqif we don't perish | sizqawşamasağızif you all don't perish | alaqawşamasalaif they don't perish |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqawşay esemif I am perishing | senqawşay eseŋif you are perishing | olqawşay eseif he is perishing | bizqawşay esekif we are perishing | sizqawşay esegizif you all are perishing | alaqawşay eseleif they are perishing |
| Conditional, present real | menqawşamay esemif I am not perishing | senqawşamay eseŋif you are not perishing | olqawşamay eseif he is not perishing | bizqawşamay esekif we are not perishing | sizqawşamay esegizif you all are not perishing | alaqawşamay eseleif they are not perishing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqawşasam ediqawşasam edif only I perished | senqawşasaŋ ediqawşasaŋ edif only you perished | olqawşasa ediqawşasaedif only he perished | bizqawşasaq ediqawşasaq edif only we perished | sizqawşasağız ediqawşasağız edif only you all perished | alaqawşasala ediqawşasalaedif only they perished |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqawşamasam ediqawşamasam edif only I didn't perish | senqawşamasaŋ ediqawşamasaŋ edif only you didn't perish | olqawşamasa ediqawşamasaedif only he didn't perish | bizqawşamasaq ediqawşamasaq edif only we didn't perish | sizqawşamasağız ediqawşamasağız edif only you all didn't perish | alaqawşamasala ediqawşamasalaedif only they didn't perish |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqawşab tursamif I carry on perishing | senqawşab tursaŋif you carry on perishing | olqawşab tursaif he carries on perishing | bizqawşab tursaqif we carry on perishing | sizqawşab tursağızif you all carry on perishing | alaqawşab tursalaif they carry on perishing |
| Durative conditional | menqawşab turmasamif I don't carry on perishing | senqawşab turmasaŋif you don't carry on perishing | olqawşab turmasaif he doesn't carry on perishing | bizqawşab turmasaqif we don't carry on perishing | sizqawşab turmasağızif you all don't carry on perishing | alaqawşab turmasalaif they don't carry on perishing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqawşab tura esemif I have kept perishing | senqawşab tura eseŋif you have kept perishing | olqawşab tura eseif he has kept perishing | bizqawşab tura esekif we have kept perishing | sizqawşab tura esegizif you all have kept perishing | alaqawşab tura eseleif they have kept perishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqawşab turmay esemif I haven't kept perishing | senqawşab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept perishing | olqawşab turmay eseif he hasn't kept perishing | bizqawşab turmay esekif we haven't kept perishing | sizqawşab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept perishing | alaqawşab turmay eseleif they haven't kept perishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqawşay tursamif I keep perishing | senqawşay tursaŋif you keep perishing | olqawşay tursaif he keeps perishing | bizqawşay tursaqif we keep perishing | sizqawşay tursağızif you all keep perishing | alaqawşay tursalaif they keep perishing |
| Progressive conditional | menqawşamay tursamif I keep on not perishing | senqawşamay tursaŋif you keep on not perishing | olqawşamay tursaif he keeps on not perishing | bizqawşamay tursaqif we keep on not perishing | sizqawşamay tursağızif you all keep on not perishing | alaqawşamay tursalaif they keep on not perishing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqawşay tura esemif I am in the middle of perishing | senqawşay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of perishing | olqawşay tura eseif he is in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay tura esekif we are in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay tura eseleif they are in the middle of perishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqawşamay tura esemif I keep on not perishing | senqawşamay tura eseŋif you keep on not perishing | olqawşamay tura eseif he keeps on not perishing | bizqawşamay tura esekif we keep on not perishing | sizqawşamay tura esegizif you all keep on not perishing | alaqawşamay tura eseleif they keep on not perishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqawşadım esemif I perished | senqawşadıŋ eseŋif you perished | olqawşadı eseif he perished | bizqawşadıq esekif we perished | sizqawşadığız esegizif you all perished | alaqawşadıla eseleif they perished |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqawşamadım esemif I didn't perish | senqawşamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't perish | olqawşamadı eseif he didn't perish | bizqawşamadıq esekif we didn't perish | sizqawşamadığız esegizif you all didn't perish | alaqawşamadıla eseleif they didn't perish |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqawşağan esemif I did perish (indeed) | senqawşağan eseŋif you did perish (indeed) | olqawşağan eseif he did perish (indeed) | bizqawşağan esekif we did perish (indeed) | sizqawşağan esegizif you all did perish (indeed) | alaqawşağan eseleif they did perish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqawşamağan esemif I didn't perish (indeed) | senqawşamağan eseŋif you didn't perish (indeed) | olqawşamağan eseif he didn't perish (indeed) | bizqawşamağan esekif we didn't perish (indeed) | sizqawşamağan esegizif you all didn't perish (indeed) | alaqawşamağan eseleif they didn't perish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqawşağan bolsamif I had perished | senqawşağan bolsaŋif you had perished | olqawşağan bolsaif he had perished | bizqawşağan bolsaqif we had perished | sizqawşağan bolsağızif you all had perished | alaqawşağan bolsalaif they had perished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqawşamağan bolsamif I hadn't perished | senqawşamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't perished | olqawşamağan bolsaif he hadn't perished | bizqawşamağan bolsaqif we hadn't perished | sizqawşamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't perished | alaqawşamağan bolsalaif they hadn't perished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqawşağan bolsam ediqawşağan bolsam edif only I had perished | senqawşağan bolsaŋ ediqawşağan bolsaŋ edif only you had perished | olqawşağan bolsa ediqawşağan bolsaedif only he had perished | bizqawşağan bolsaq ediqawşağan bolsaq edif only we had perished | sizqawşağan bolsağız ediqawşağan bolsağız edif only you all had perished | alaqawşağan bolsala ediqawşağan bolsalaedif only they had perished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqawşamağan bolsam ediqawşamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't perished | senqawşamağan bolsaŋ ediqawşamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't perished | olqawşamağan bolsa ediqawşamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't perished | bizqawşamağan bolsaq ediqawşamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't perished | sizqawşamağan bolsağız ediqawşamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't perished | alaqawşamağan bolsala ediqawşamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't perished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqawşar esemif I will perish | senqawşar eseŋif you will perish | olqawşar eseif he will perish | bizqawşar esekif we will perish | sizqawşar esegizif you all will perish | alaqawşar eseleif they will perish |
| Conditional, aorist | menqawşamaz esemif I won't perish | senqawşamaz eseŋif you won't perish | olqawşamaz eseif he won't perish | bizqawşamaz esekif we won't perish | sizqawşamaz esegizif you all won't perish | alaqawşamaz eseleif they won't perish |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqawşarıq esemif I am going to perish | senqawşarıq eseŋif you are going to perish | olqawşarıq eseif he is going to perish | bizqawşarıq esekif we are going to perish | sizqawşarıq esegizif you all are going to perish | alaqawşarıq eseleif they are going to perish |
| Conditional, future | menqawşarıq tül esemif I am not going to perish | senqawşarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to perish | olqawşarıq tül eseif he is not going to perish | bizqawşarıq tül esekif we are not going to perish | sizqawşarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to perish | alaqawşarıq tül eseleif they are not going to perish |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqawşarıq bolsamif I were going to perish | senqawşarıq bolsaŋif you were going to perish | olqawşarıq bolsaif he were going to perish | bizqawşarıq bolsaqif we were going to perish | sizqawşarıq bolsağızif you all were going to perish | alaqawşarıq bolsalaif they were going to perish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqawşamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to perish | senqawşamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to perish | olqawşamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to perish | bizqawşamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to perish | sizqawşamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to perish | alaqawşamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to perish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qawşadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqawşay bolurmaI must be perishing | senqawşay bolursayou must be perishing | olqawşay bolurhe must be perishing | bizqawşay bolurbuzwe must be perishing | sizqawşay bolursuzyou all must be perishing | alaqawşay bolurlathey must be perishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqawşamay bolurmaI must not be perishing | senqawşamay bolursayou must not be perishing | olqawşamay bolurhe must not be perishing | bizqawşamay bolurbuzwe must not be perishing | sizqawşamay bolursuzyou all must not be perishing | alaqawşamay bolurlathey must not be perishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqawşay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of perishing | senqawşay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of perishing | olqawşay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of perishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqawşamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not perishing | senqawşamay tura bolursayou must keep on not perishing | olqawşamay tura bolurhe must keep on not perishing | bizqawşamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not perishing | sizqawşamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not perishing | alaqawşamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not perishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqawşağan bolurmaI must have perished | senqawşağan bolursayou must have perished | olqawşağan bolurhe must have perished | bizqawşağan bolurbuzwe must have perished | sizqawşağan bolursuzyou all must have perished | alaqawşağan bolurlathey must have perished |
| Inference (must have) | menqawşamağan bolurmaI must not have perished | senqawşamağan bolursayou must not have perished | olqawşamağan bolurhe must not have perished | bizqawşamağan bolurbuzwe must not have perished | sizqawşamağan bolursuzyou all must not have perished | alaqawşamağan bolurlathey must not have perished |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqawşarıq bolurmaI must be going to perish | senqawşarıq bolursayou must be going to perish | olqawşarıq bolurhe must be going to perish | bizqawşarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to perish | sizqawşarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to perish | alaqawşarıq bolurlathey must be going to perish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqawşamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to perish | senqawşamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to perish | olqawşamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to perish | bizqawşamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to perish | sizqawşamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to perish | alaqawşamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to perish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqawşayımlet me perish | senqawşa!perish! | olqawşasınlet him perish | bizqawşayıqlet's perish | sizqawşağız!perish, you all! | alaqawşasınlalet them perish |
| Commands & suggestions | menqawşamayımlet me not perish | senqawşama!don't perish! | olqawşamasınlet him not perish | bizqawşamayıqlet's not perish | sizqawşamağız!don't perish, you all! | alaqawşamasınlalet them not perish |
| Commands & suggestions | menqawşayımmı?shall I perish? | olqawşasınmı?should he perish? | bizqawşayıqmı?shall we perish? | alaqawşasınlamı?should they perish? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqawşamayımmı?shall I not perish? | olqawşamasınmı?should he not perish? | bizqawşamayıqmı?shall we not perish? | alaqawşamasınlamı?should they not perish? | ||
| Requests | senqawşaçı2qawşaçınplease perish | olqawşasınçıdo let him perish | sizqawşaçığızplease perish (plural/polite) | alaqawşasınlaçıdo let them perish | ||
| Requests | senqawşamaçı2qawşamaçınplease don't perish | olqawşamasınçıdo let him not perish | sizqawşamaçığızplease don't perish (plural/polite) | alaqawşamasınlaçıdo let them not perish | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqawşağınqawşağımay you perish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqawşamağınqawşamağımay you not perish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqawşağay edim qawşağa edimwould that I perished | senqawşağay ediŋ qawşağa ediŋwould that you perished | olqawşağay edi qawşağa ediwould that he perished | bizqawşağay edik qawşağa edikwould that we perished | sizqawşağay edigiz qawşağa edigizwould that you all perished | alaqawşağay edile qawşağa edilewould that they perished |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqawşamağay edim qawşamağa edimwould that I did not perish | senqawşamağay ediŋ qawşamağa ediŋwould that you did not perish | olqawşamağay edi qawşamağa ediwould that he did not perish | bizqawşamağay edik qawşamağa edikwould that we did not perish | sizqawşamağay edigiz qawşamağa edigizwould that you all did not perish | alaqawşamağay edile qawşamağa edilewould that they did not perish |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqawşamağa qoyayımqawşama qoyayımlet me allow someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoy!qawşama qoy!let someone perish! | olqawşamağa qoysunqawşama qoysunlet him allow someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoyayıqqawşama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoyuğuz!qawşama qoyuğuz!let someone perish, you all! | alaqawşamağa qoysunlaqawşama qoysunlalet them allow someone to perish |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqawşamağa qoymayımqawşama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoyma!qawşama qoyma!don't let someone perish! | olqawşamağa qoymasınqawşama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoymayıqqawşama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoymağız!qawşama qoymağız!don't let someone perish, you all! | alaqawşamağa qoymasınlaqawşama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to perish |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqawşamağa qoyayımmı?qawşama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoysunmu?qawşama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoyayıqmı?qawşama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoysunlamı?qawşama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to perish? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqawşamağa qoymayımmı?qawşama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoymasınmı?qawşama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoymayıqmı?qawşama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoymasınlamı?qawşama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to perish? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqawşamağa qoyamaqawşama qoyamaI allow someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoyasaqawşama qoyasayou allow someone to perish | olqawşamağa qoyadıqawşama qoyadıhe allows someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoyabızqawşama qoyabızwe allow someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoyasızqawşama qoyasızyou all allow someone to perish | alaqawşamağa qoyadılaqawşama qoyadılathey allow someone to perish |
| Let someone… (present) | menqawşamağa qoymaymaqawşama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoymaysaqawşama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to perish | olqawşamağa qoymaydıqawşama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoymaybızqawşama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoymaysızqawşama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to perish | alaqawşamağa qoymaydılaqawşama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to perish |
| Let someone… (present) | menqawşamağa qoyamamı?qawşama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to perish? | senqawşamağa qoyamısa?qawşama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoyamıdı?qawşama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoyabızmı?qawşama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to perish? | sizqawşamağa qoyamısız?qawşama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoyamıdıla?qawşama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to perish? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqawşamağa qoymaymamı?qawşama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to perish? | senqawşamağa qoymaymısa?qawşama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoymaymıdı?qawşama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoymaybızmı?qawşama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to perish? | sizqawşamağa qoymaymısız?qawşama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoymaymıdıla?qawşama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to perish? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqawşamağa qoydumqawşama qoydumI allowed someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoyduŋqawşama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to perish | olqawşamağa qoyduqawşama qoyduhe allowed someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoyduqqawşama qoyduqwe allowed someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoyduğuzqawşama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to perish | alaqawşamağa qoydulaqawşama qoydulathey allowed someone to perish |
| Let someone… (past) | menqawşamağa qoymadımqawşama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to perish | senqawşamağa qoymadıŋqawşama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to perish | olqawşamağa qoymadıqawşama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to perish | bizqawşamağa qoymadıqqawşama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to perish | sizqawşamağa qoymadığızqawşama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to perish | alaqawşamağa qoymadılaqawşama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to perish |
| Let someone… (past) | menqawşamağa qoydummu?qawşama qoydummu?did I allow someone to perish? | senqawşamağa qoyduŋmu?qawşama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoydumu?qawşama qoydumu?did he allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoyduqmu?qawşama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to perish? | sizqawşamağa qoyduğuzmu?qawşama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoydulamı?qawşama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to perish? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqawşamağa qoymadımmı?qawşama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to perish? | senqawşamağa qoymadıŋmı?qawşama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to perish? | olqawşamağa qoymadımı?qawşama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to perish? | bizqawşamağa qoymadıqmı?qawşama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to perish? | sizqawşamağa qoymadığızmı?qawşama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to perish? | alaqawşamağa qoymadılamı?qawşama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to perish? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqawşayalamaI can perish | senqawşayalasayou can perish | olqawşayaladıhe can perish | bizqawşayalabızwe can perish | sizqawşayalasızyou all can perish | alaqawşayaladılathey can perish |
| Ability — present | menqawşayalmaymaI can't perish | senqawşayalmaysayou can't perish | olqawşayalmaydıhe can't perish | bizqawşayalmaybızwe can't perish | sizqawşayalmaysızyou all can't perish | alaqawşayalmaydılathey can't perish |
| Ability — present | menqawşayalamamı? qawşayalamıma?can I perish? | senqawşayalamısa?can you perish? | olqawşayalamıdı?can he perish? | bizqawşayalabızmı? qawşayalamıbız?can we perish? | sizqawşayalamısız?can you all perish? | alaqawşayalamıdıla?can they perish? |
| Ability — present | menqawşayalmaymamı? qawşayalmaymıma?can't I perish? | senqawşayalmaymısa?can't you perish? | olqawşayalmaymıdı?can't he perish? | bizqawşayalmaybızmı? qawşayalmaymıbız?can't we perish? | sizqawşayalmaymısız?can't you all perish? | alaqawşayalmaymıdıla?can't they perish? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqawşayalsamif I can perish | senqawşayalsaŋif you can perish | olqawşayalsaif he can perish | bizqawşayalsaqif we can perish | sizqawşayalsağızif you all can perish | alaqawşayalsalaif they can perish |
| Ability — if I can… | menqawşayalmasamif I can't perish | senqawşayalmasaŋif you can't perish | olqawşayalmasaif he can't perish | bizqawşayalmasaqif we can't perish | sizqawşayalmasağızif you all can't perish | alaqawşayalmasalaif they can't perish |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqawşayaldımI was able to perish | senqawşayaldıŋyou were able to perish | olqawşayaldıhe was able to perish | bizqawşayaldıqwe were able to perish | sizqawşayaldığızyou all were able to perish | alaqawşayaldılathey were able to perish |
| Ability — simple past | menqawşayalmadımI could not perish | senqawşayalmadıŋyou could not perish | olqawşayalmadıhe could not perish | bizqawşayalmadıqwe could not perish | sizqawşayalmadığızyou all could not perish | alaqawşayalmadılathey could not perish |
| Ability — simple past | menqawşayaldımmı?was I able to perish? | senqawşayaldıŋmı?were you able to perish? | olqawşayaldımı?was he able to perish? | bizqawşayaldıqmı?were we able to perish? | sizqawşayaldığızmı?were you all able to perish? | alaqawşayaldılamı?were they able to perish? |
| Ability — simple past | menqawşayalmadımmı?couldn't I perish? | senqawşayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you perish? | olqawşayalmadımı?couldn't he perish? | bizqawşayalmadıqmı?couldn't we perish? | sizqawşayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all perish? | alaqawşayalmadılamı?couldn't they perish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqawşayalğanmaI have been able to perish | senqawşayalğansayou have been able to perish | olqawşayalğandıhe has been able to perish | bizqawşayalğanbızwe have been able to perish | sizqawşayalğansızyou all have been able to perish | alaqawşayalğandılathey have been able to perish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqawşayalmağanmaI haven't been able to perish | senqawşayalmağansayou haven't been able to perish | olqawşayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to perish | bizqawşayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to perish | sizqawşayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to perish | alaqawşayalmağandılathey haven't been able to perish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqawşayalğanmamı? qawşayalğanmıma?have I been able to perish? | senqawşayalğanmısa?have you been able to perish? | olqawşayalğanmıdı?has he been able to perish? | bizqawşayalğanbızmı? qawşayalğanmıbız?have we been able to perish? | sizqawşayalğanmısız?have you all been able to perish? | alaqawşayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to perish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqawşayalmağanmamı? qawşayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to perish? | senqawşayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to perish? | olqawşayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to perish? | bizqawşayalmağanbızmı? qawşayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to perish? | sizqawşayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to perish? | alaqawşayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to perish? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqawşayalğan edimqawşayalğanemI had been able to perish | senqawşayalğan ediŋqawşayalğaneŋyou had been able to perish | olqawşayalğan ediqawşayalğanedhe had been able to perish | bizqawşayalğan edikqawşayalğanekwe had been able to perish | sizqawşayalğan edigizqawşayalğanegizyou all had been able to perish | alaqawşayalğan edileqawşayalğanellethey had been able to perish |
| Ability — past perfect | menqawşayalmağan edimqawşayalmağanemI hadn't been able to perish | senqawşayalmağan ediŋqawşayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to perish | olqawşayalmağan ediqawşayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to perish | bizqawşayalmağan edikqawşayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to perish | sizqawşayalmağan edigizqawşayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to perish | alaqawşayalmağan edileqawşayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to perish |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqawşayala edimqawşayalaemI could perish | senqawşayala ediŋqawşayalaeŋyou could perish | olqawşayala ediqawşayalaedhe could perish | bizqawşayala edikqawşayalaekwe could perish | sizqawşayala edigizqawşayalaegizyou all could perish | alaqawşayala edileqawşayalaellethey could perish |
| Ability — past background | menqawşayalmay edimqawşayalmayemI could not perish | senqawşayalmay ediŋqawşayalmayeŋyou could not perish | olqawşayalmay ediqawşayalmayedhe could not perish | bizqawşayalmay edikqawşayalmayekwe could not perish | sizqawşayalmay edigizqawşayalmayegizyou all could not perish | alaqawşayalmay edileqawşayalmayellethey could not perish |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqawşayalırmaI will be able to perish | senqawşayalırsayou will be able to perish | olqawşayalırhe will be able to perish | bizqawşayalırbızwe will be able to perish | sizqawşayalırsızyou all will be able to perish | alaqawşayalırlathey will be able to perish |
| Ability — future I | menqawşayalmazmaI won't be able to perish | senqawşayalmazsayou won't be able to perish | olqawşayalmazhe won't be able to perish | bizqawşayalmazbızwe won't be able to perish | sizqawşayalmazsızyou all won't be able to perish | alaqawşayalmazlathey won't be able to perish |
| Ability — future I | menqawşayalırmamı? qawşayalırmıma?will I be able to perish? | senqawşayalırmısa?will you be able to perish? | olqawşayalırmı?will he be able to perish? | bizqawşayalırbızmı? qawşayalırmıbız?will we be able to perish? | sizqawşayalırmısız?will you all be able to perish? | alaqawşayalırlamı? qawşayalırmıla?will they be able to perish? |
| Ability — future I | menqawşayalmazmamı? qawşayalmazmıma?won't I be able to perish? | senqawşayalmazmısa?won't you be able to perish? | olqawşayalmazmı?won't he be able to perish? | bizqawşayalmazbızmı? qawşayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to perish? | sizqawşayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to perish? | alaqawşayalmazlamı? qawşayalmazmıla?won't they be able to perish? |
| Ability — future II | menqawşayallıqmaI am going to be able to perish | senqawşayallıqsayou are going to be able to perish | olqawşayallıqdıhe is going to be able to perish | bizqawşayallıqbızwe are going to be able to perish | sizqawşayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to perish | alaqawşayallıqdılathey are going to be able to perish |
| Ability — future II | menqawşayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to perish | senqawşayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to perish | olqawşayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to perish | bizqawşayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to perish | sizqawşayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to perish | alaqawşayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to perish |
| Ability — future II | menqawşayallıqmamı? qawşayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to perish? | senqawşayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to perish? | olqawşayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to perish? | bizqawşayallıqbızmı? qawşayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to perish? | sizqawşayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to perish? | alaqawşayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to perish? |
| Ability — future II | menqawşayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to perish? | senqawşayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to perish? | olqawşayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to perish? | bizqawşayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to perish? | sizqawşayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to perish? | alaqawşayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to perish? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqawşayalır edimqawşayalır emI would be able to perish | senqawşayalır ediŋqawşayalır eŋyou would be able to perish | olqawşayalır ediqawşayalır edhe would be able to perish | bizqawşayalır edikqawşayalır ekwe would be able to perish | sizqawşayalır edigizqawşayalır egizyou all would be able to perish | alaqawşayalır edileqawşayalır ellethey would be able to perish |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqawşayalmaz edimqawşayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to perish | senqawşayalmaz ediŋqawşayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to perish | olqawşayalmaz ediqawşayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to perish | bizqawşayalmaz edikqawşayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to perish | sizqawşayalmaz edigizqawşayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to perish | alaqawşayalmaz edileqawşayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to perish |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqawşayalğınqawşayalğımay you be able to perish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqawşayalmağınqawşayalmağımay you not be able to perish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqawşarğa izleymeI want to perish | senqawşarğa izleyseyou want to perish | olqawşarğa izleydihe wants to perish | bizqawşarğa izleybizwe want to perish | sizqawşarğa izleysizyou all want to perish | alaqawşarğa izleydilethey want to perish |
| want to | menqawşarğa izlemeymeI do not want to perish | senqawşarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to perish | olqawşarğa izlemeydihe does not want to perish | bizqawşarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to perish | sizqawşarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to perish | alaqawşarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to perish |
| would like to | menqawşarğa süemeI would like to perish | senqawşarğa süeseyou would like to perish | olqawşarğa süedihe would like to perish | bizqawşarğa süebizwe would like to perish | sizqawşarğa süesizyou all would like to perish | alaqawşarğa süedilethey would like to perish |
| would like to | menqawşarğa süymeymeI would not like to perish | senqawşarğa süymeyseyou would not like to perish | olqawşarğa süymeydihe would not like to perish | bizqawşarğa süymeybizwe would not like to perish | sizqawşarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to perish | alaqawşarğa süymeydilethey would not like to perish |
| hope to | menqawşarğa umutlanamaI hope to perish | senqawşarğa umutlanasayou hope to perish | olqawşarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to perish | bizqawşarğa umutlanabızwe hope to perish | sizqawşarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to perish | alaqawşarğa umutlanadılathey hope to perish |
| hope to | menqawşarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to perish | senqawşarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to perish | olqawşarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to perish | bizqawşarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to perish | sizqawşarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to perish | alaqawşarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to perish |
| be about to | menqawşarğa deb turamaI am about to perish | senqawşarğa deb turasayou are about to perish | olqawşarğa deb turadıhe is about to perish | bizqawşarğa deb turabızwe are about to perish | sizqawşarğa deb turasızyou all are about to perish | alaqawşarğa deb turadılathey are about to perish |
| be about to | menqawşarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to perish | senqawşarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to perish | olqawşarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to perish | bizqawşarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to perish | sizqawşarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to perish | alaqawşarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to perish |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqawşarğa kerekmeI need to perish | senqawşarğa kerekseyou need to perish | olqawşarğa kerekdihe needs to perish | bizqawşarğa kerekbizwe need to perish | sizqawşarğa kereksizyou all need to perish | alaqawşarğa kerekdilethey need to perish |
| need to | menqawşarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to perish | senqawşarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to perish | olqawşarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to perish | bizqawşarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to perish | sizqawşarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to perish | alaqawşarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to perish |
| have to | menmenŋe qawşarğa tüşediI have to perish | sensenŋe qawşarğa tüşediyou have to perish | olaŋa qawşarğa tüşedihe has to perish | bizbizge qawşarğa tüşediwe have to perish | sizsizge qawşarğa tüşediyou all have to perish | alaalağa qawşarğa tüşedithey have to perish |
| have to | menmenŋe qawşarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to perish | sensenŋe qawşarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to perish | olaŋa qawşarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to perish | bizbizge qawşarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to perish | sizsizge qawşarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to perish | alaalağa qawşarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to perish |
| be obliged to | menqawşarğa borçlumaI am obliged to perish | senqawşarğa borçlusayou are obliged to perish | olqawşarğa borçluduhe is obliged to perish | bizqawşarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to perish | sizqawşarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to perish | alaqawşarğa borçludulathey are obliged to perish |
| be obliged to | menqawşarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to perish | senqawşarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to perish | olqawşarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to perish | bizqawşarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to perish | sizqawşarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to perish | alaqawşarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to perish |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqawşarğa madarım bardıI have a way to perish | senqawşarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to perish | olqawşarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to perish | bizqawşarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to perish | sizqawşarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to perish | alaqawşarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to perish |
| have a way to | menqawşarğa madarım joqduI have no way to perish | senqawşarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to perish | olqawşarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to perish | bizqawşarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to perish | sizqawşarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to perish | alaqawşarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to perish |
| be free to | menqawşarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to perish | senqawşarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to perish | olqawşarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to perish | bizqawşarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to perish | sizqawşarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to perish | alaqawşarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to perish |
| be free to | menqawşarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to perish | senqawşarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to perish | olqawşarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to perish | bizqawşarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to perish | sizqawşarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to perish | alaqawşarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to perish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to perish | sensenŋe qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to perish | olaŋa qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to perish | bizbizge qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to perish | sizsizge qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to perish | alaalağa qawşarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to perish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to perish | sensenŋe qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to perish | olaŋa qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to perish | bizbizge qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to perish | sizsizge qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to perish | alaalağa qawşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to perish |
| be ready to | menqawşarğa hazırmaI am ready to perish | senqawşarğa hazırsayou are ready to perish | olqawşarğa hazırdıhe is ready to perish | bizqawşarğa hazırbızwe are ready to perish | sizqawşarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to perish | alaqawşarğa hazırdılathey are ready to perish |
| be ready to | menqawşarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to perish | senqawşarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to perish | olqawşarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to perish | bizqawşarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to perish | sizqawşarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to perish | alaqawşarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to perish |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqawşarğa küreşemeI am trying to perish | senqawşarğa küreşeseyou are trying to perish | olqawşarğa küreşedihe is trying to perish | bizqawşarğa küreşebizwe are trying to perish | sizqawşarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to perish | alaqawşarğa küreşedilethey are trying to perish |
| try to | menqawşarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to perish | senqawşarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to perish | olqawşarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to perish | bizqawşarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to perish | sizqawşarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to perish | alaqawşarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to perish |
| agree to | menqawşarğa unaymaI agree to perish | senqawşarğa unaysayou agree to perish | olqawşarğa unaydıhe agrees to perish | bizqawşarğa unaybızwe agree to perish | sizqawşarğa unaysızyou all agree to perish | alaqawşarğa unaydılathey agree to perish |
| agree to | menqawşarğa unamaymaI refuse to perish | senqawşarğa unamaysayou refuse to perish | olqawşarğa unamaydıhe refuses to perish | bizqawşarğa unamaybızwe refuse to perish | sizqawşarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to perish | alaqawşarğa unamaydılathey refuse to perish |
| hurry to | menqawşarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to perish | senqawşarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to perish | olqawşarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to perish | bizqawşarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to perish | sizqawşarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to perish | alaqawşarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to perish |
| hurry to | menqawşarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to perish | senqawşarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to perish | olqawşarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to perish | bizqawşarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to perish | sizqawşarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to perish | alaqawşarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to perish |
| be afraid to | menqawşarğa qorqamaI am afraid to perish | senqawşarğa qorqasayou are afraid to perish | olqawşarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to perish | bizqawşarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to perish | sizqawşarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to perish | alaqawşarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to perish |
| be afraid to | menqawşarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to perish | senqawşarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to perish | olqawşarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to perish | bizqawşarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to perish | sizqawşarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to perish | alaqawşarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to perish |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqawşay bolmazmaI can't be perishing | senqawşay bolmazsayou can't be perishing | olqawşay bolmazhe can't be perishing | bizqawşay bolmazbızwe can't be perishing | sizqawşay bolmazsızyou all can't be perishing | alaqawşay bolmazlathey can't be perishing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqawşamay bolmazmaI must be perishing (emphatic) | senqawşamay bolmazsayou must be perishing (emphatic) | olqawşamay bolmazhe must be perishing (emphatic) | bizqawşamay bolmazbızwe must be perishing (emphatic) | sizqawşamay bolmazsızyou all must be perishing (emphatic) | alaqawşamay bolmazlathey must be perishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqawşay turmasamif I don't keep perishing | senqawşay turmasaŋif you don't keep perishing | olqawşay turmasaif he doesn't keep perishing | bizqawşay turmasaqif we don't keep perishing | sizqawşay turmasağızif you all don't keep perishing | alaqawşay turmasalaif they don't keep perishing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqawşay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of perishing | senqawşay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of perishing | olqawşay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of perishing | bizqawşay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of perishing | sizqawşay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of perishing | alaqawşay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of perishing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqawşamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not perishing (emphatic) | senqawşamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not perishing (emphatic) | olqawşamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not perishing (emphatic) | bizqawşamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not perishing (emphatic) | sizqawşamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not perishing (emphatic) | alaqawşamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not perishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqawşamay turamaI keep on not perishing | senqawşamay turasayou keep on not perishing | olqawşamay turadıhe keeps on not perishing | bizqawşamay turabızwe keep on not perishing | sizqawşamay turasızyou all keep on not perishing | alaqawşamay turadılathey keep on not perishing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqawşamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not perishing | senqawşamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not perishing | olqawşamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not perishing | bizqawşamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not perishing | sizqawşamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not perishing | alaqawşamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not perishing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqawşamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not perishing? | senqawşamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not perishing? | olqawşamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not perishing? | bizqawşamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not perishing? | sizqawşamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not perishing? | alaqawşamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not perishing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqawşağan bolmazmaI can't have perished | senqawşağan bolmazsayou can't have perished | olqawşağan bolmazhe can't have perished | bizqawşağan bolmazbızwe can't have perished | sizqawşağan bolmazsızyou all can't have perished | alaqawşağan bolmazlathey can't have perished |
| Inference — double negation | menqawşamağan bolmazmaI must have perished (emphatic) | senqawşamağan bolmazsayou must have perished (emphatic) | olqawşamağan bolmazhe must have perished (emphatic) | bizqawşamağan bolmazbızwe must have perished (emphatic) | sizqawşamağan bolmazsızyou all must have perished (emphatic) | alaqawşamağan bolmazlathey must have perished (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqawşağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had perished | senqawşağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had perished | olqawşağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had perished | bizqawşağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had perished | sizqawşağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had perished | alaqawşağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had perished |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqawşamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't perished | senqawşamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't perished | olqawşamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't perished | bizqawşamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't perished | sizqawşamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't perished | alaqawşamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't perished |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqawşarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to perish | senqawşarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to perish | olqawşarıq bolmazhe can't be going to perish | bizqawşarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to perish | sizqawşarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to perish | alaqawşarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to perish |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqawşamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to perish (emphatic) | senqawşamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to perish (emphatic) | olqawşamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to perish (emphatic) | bizqawşamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to perish (emphatic) | sizqawşamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to perish (emphatic) | alaqawşamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to perish (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqawşarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to perish | senqawşarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to perish | olqawşarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to perish | bizqawşarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to perish | sizqawşarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to perish | alaqawşarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to perish |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqawşamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to perish | senqawşamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to perish | olqawşamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to perish | bizqawşamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to perish | sizqawşamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to perish | alaqawşamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to perish |