qathan
/qatxan/ · plural qathanla
1. dried, dry, dried-up, withered, hardened; stale — Used before the noun it describes: qathan ötmek stale bread, qathan teri hardened hide, qathan çabaq dried fish.
- qathan ötmek — stale bread
- qathan çabaq — dried fish
- qathan teri — hardened hide
- qathan kögetle — dried fruits
- qathan jer — dried-out ground
2. dried fruit — Usually plural, and usually after the name of the fruit: alma qathanla dried apples.
- alma qathanla — dried apples
- şaptal qathanla — dried peaches
- jüzüm qathanla — dried grapes
- alma qathanladan etgen suwumu — my drink made from dried apples
- qathanla satılğan jerde — at the place where dried fruit was sold
- amma bizge qathanla berdi — grandmother gave us dried fruit
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | qathanmaI am dry | qathansayou are dry | qathandıhe is dry | qathanbızwe are dry | qathansızyou all are dry | qathandılathey are dry |
| comparative — more | qathanıraqmaI am drier | qathanıraqsayou are drier | qathanıraqdıhe is drier | qathanıraqbızwe are drier | qathanıraqsızyou all are drier | qathanıraqdılathey are drier |
| intensifier — very | bek qathanmaI am very dry | bek qathansayou are very dry | bek qathandıhe is very dry | bek qathanbızwe are very dry | bek qathansızyou all are very dry | bek qathandılathey are very dry |
| superlative — most | em qathanmaI am the driest | em qathansayou are the driest | em qathandıhe is the driest | em qathanbızwe are the driest | em qathansızyou all are the driest | em qathandılathey are the driest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden qathandı — "compared to me, he is dry."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qathandımine is dry | seniki qathandıyours is dry | anıqı qathandıhis is dry | bizniki qathandıours is dry | sizniki qathandıyours (pl.) is dry | alanıqı qathandıtheirs is dry |
| comparative — more | meniki qathanıraqdımine is drier | seniki qathanıraqdıyours is drier | anıqı qathanıraqdıhis is drier | bizniki qathanıraqdıours is drier | sizniki qathanıraqdıyours (pl.) is drier | alanıqı qathanıraqdıtheirs is drier |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek qathandımine is very dry | seniki bek qathandıyours is very dry | anıqı bek qathandıhis is very dry | bizniki bek qathandıours is very dry | sizniki bek qathandıyours (pl.) is very dry | alanıqı bek qathandıtheirs is very dry |
| superlative — most | meniki em qathandımine is the driest | seniki em qathandıyours is the driest | anıqı em qathandıhis is the driest | bizniki em qathandıours is the driest | sizniki em qathandıyours (pl.) is the driest | alanıqı em qathandıtheirs is the driest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qathandılamine are dry | senikile qathandılayours are dry | anıqıla qathandılahis are dry | biznikile qathandılaours are dry | siznikile qathandılayours (pl.) are dry | alanıqıla qathandılatheirs are dry |
| comparative — more | menikile qathanıraqdılamine are drier | senikile qathanıraqdılayours are drier | anıqıla qathanıraqdılahis are drier | biznikile qathanıraqdılaours are drier | siznikile qathanıraqdılayours (pl.) are drier | alanıqıla qathanıraqdılatheirs are drier |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek qathandılamine are very dry | senikile bek qathandılayours are very dry | anıqıla bek qathandılahis are very dry | biznikile bek qathandılaours are very dry | siznikile bek qathandılayours (pl.) are very dry | alanıqıla bek qathandılatheirs are very dry |
| superlative — most | menikile em qathandılamine are the driest | senikile em qathandılayours are the driest | anıqıla em qathandılahis are the driest | biznikile em qathandılaours are the driest | siznikile em qathandılayours (pl.) are the driest | alanıqıla em qathandılatheirs are the driest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qathandı, bıla qathandıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qathanthe dried fruit | qathanımmy dried fruit | qathanıŋyour dried fruit | qathanıhis dried fruit | qathanıbızour dried fruit | qathanığızyou all's dried fruit | qathanlarıtheir dried fruit |
| Genitive | qathannıthe dried fruit's | qathanımımy dried fruit's | qathanıŋıyour dried fruit's | qathanınıhis dried fruit's | qathanıbıznıour dried fruit's | qathanığıznıyou all's dried fruit's | qathanlarınıtheir dried fruit's |
| Accusative | qathannıthe dried fruit (as the object) | qathanımımy dried fruit (as the object) | qathanıŋıyour dried fruit (as the object) | qathanınhis dried fruit (as the object) | qathanıbıznıour dried fruit (as the object) | qathanığıznıyou all's dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarıntheir dried fruit (as the object) |
| Dative | qathanŋato the dried fruit | qathanımato my dried fruit | qathanıŋato your dried fruit | qathanınato his dried fruit | qathanıbızğato our dried fruit | qathanığızğato you all's dried fruit | qathanlarınato their dried fruit |
| Locative | qathandain / at the dried fruit | qathanımdain / at my dried fruit | qathanıŋdain / at your dried fruit | qathanındain / at his dried fruit | qathanıbızdain / at our dried fruit | qathanığızdain / at you all's dried fruit | qathanlarındain / at their dried fruit |
| Ablative | qathandanfrom the dried fruit | qathanımdanfrom my dried fruit | qathanıŋdanfrom your dried fruit | qathanındanfrom his dried fruit | qathanıbızdanfrom our dried fruit | qathanığızdanfrom you all's dried fruit | qathanlarındanfrom their dried fruit |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qathanlathe dried fruit | qathanlarımmy dried fruit | qathanlarıŋyour dried fruit | qathanlarıhis dried fruit | qathanlarıbızour dried fruit | qathanlarığızyou all's dried fruit | qathanlarıtheir dried fruit |
| Genitive | qathanlanıthe dried fruit's | qathanlarımımy dried fruit's | qathanlarıŋıyour dried fruit's | qathanlarınıhis dried fruit's | qathanlarıbıznıour dried fruit's | qathanlarığıznıyou all's dried fruit's | qathanlarınıtheir dried fruit's |
| Accusative | qathanlanıthe dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarımımy dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarıŋıyour dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarınhis dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarıbıznıour dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarığıznıyou all's dried fruit (as the object) | qathanlarıntheir dried fruit (as the object) |
| Dative | qathanlağato the dried fruit | qathanlarımato my dried fruit | qathanlarıŋato your dried fruit | qathanlarınato his dried fruit | qathanlarıbızğato our dried fruit | qathanlarığızğato you all's dried fruit | qathanlarınato their dried fruit |
| Locative | qathanladain / at the dried fruit | qathanlarımdain / at my dried fruit | qathanlarıŋdain / at your dried fruit | qathanlarındain / at his dried fruit | qathanlarıbızdain / at our dried fruit | qathanlarığızdain / at you all's dried fruit | qathanlarındain / at their dried fruit |
| Ablative | qathanladanfrom the dried fruit | qathanlarımdanfrom my dried fruit | qathanlarıŋdanfrom your dried fruit | qathanlarındanfrom his dried fruit | qathanlarıbızdanfrom our dried fruit | qathanlarığızdanfrom you all's dried fruit | qathanlarındanfrom their dried fruit |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qathanları can mean "his / her dried fruit", "their dried fruit", or "their dried fruit" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.