qasmaq
/qasmaq/
1. burnt-on crust, scale (on the bottom or sides of a pot)
- çoyunnu tübünde qasmaq — burnt-on crust at the bottom of the pot
- çoyunnu qasmağı — the burnt-on crust of the pot
- qazannı qasmağın qırdım — I scraped the burnt-on crust out of the cauldron
- kelin çelekni qasmağın qırmaydı — the young wife does not scrape the crust off the pail
2. caked dirt, grime (on the skin or clothes)
- qollanı qasmaqları — the caked dirt on the hands
- jağanı qasmağı — the grime on the collar
- qulaq artında qasmağı — the caked dirt behind his ear
- traktorçunu könçegini qasmağı — the grime on the tractor driver's trousers
- qara qasmaq qolları — his hands black with caked dirt
3. chapped skin, cracked skin (from dirt, wind or cold)
- ayaqları qasmaqdıla — his feet are chapped
- jaşçıqnı ayaqları qasmaqdıla — the little boy's feet are chapped
- qasmaq qolla — dirty, chapped hands
- qışda qollarımda qasmaq boldu — in winter my hands got chapped
4. sea buckthorn (berries) — This is a separate homonym, the second qasmaq in most dictionaries. Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Balkar. Botashev 1998, Guzeev 1996–2005, Tolgurova and Tolgurov n.d., Guzeev 2003 and Guzeev 2013 give it with no variety label.
- qasmaqnı suwu — sea buckthorn juice
- adamla çelekle bla qasmaq jıyadıla — people pick sea buckthorn with pails
- köb qasmaq jıydıq — we picked a lot of sea buckthorn
- qasmaq keç küzde bişedi — sea buckthorn ripens in late autumn