qalqarğa
/qalqarʁa/
1. soar, glide, hover, fly high — Usually said of birds such as eagles and hawks gliding with outstretched wings; also of an airplane flying high in the sky.
- quş kökde qalqadı — the eagle soars in the sky
- quşla qalqıb turadıla — the eagles are gliding
- qalqğan quş — a soaring eagle
2. float on the surface, rise to the top, come up
- ölük balıq başına qalqdı — the dead fish floated to the surface
- ağaç suwnu başında qalqadı — wood floats on the surface of the water
- şorpanı jawu başına qalqıb turadı — the fat floats on the surface of the soup
3. take off, rise into the air one source
- köksül ot tütünleri hawağa qalqadı — the bluish smoke of the fires rises into the air
- qanatlıla kökge qalqdıla — the birds rose into the sky
- quş taşdan kökge qalqdı — the eagle took off from the rock into the sky
4. swell up, stand out — Said of veins and other swellings on the body. one source
- tamırları qalqadıla — his veins stand out
- qolunda tamırları qalqıb turadıla — the veins on his hand are standing out
- açıwdan boyun bezleri qalqıb qaldıla — the veins on his neck swelled with anger
Conjugation
Common forms
- qalqadıhe is soaring
- qalqdıhe soared
- qalqğandıhe has soared
- qalqarhe will soar
- qalqarıqdıhe is going to soar
- qalqa edihe was soaring
- qalqsaif he soars
- qalq!soar!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalqamaI am soaring | senqalqasayou are soaring | olqalqadıhe is soaring | bizqalqabızwe are soaring | sizqalqasızyou all are soaring | alaqalqadılathey are soaring |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalqmaymaI am not soaring | senqalqmaysayou are not soaring | olqalqmaydıhe is not soaring | bizqalqmaybızwe are not soaring | sizqalqmaysızyou all are not soaring | alaqalqmaydılathey are not soaring |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalqamamı? qalqamıma?am I soaring? | senqalqamısa?are you soaring? | olqalqamıdı?is he soaring? | bizqalqabızmı? qalqamıbız?are we soaring? | sizqalqamısız?are you all soaring? | alaqalqamıdıla?are they soaring? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalqmaymamı? qalqmaymıma?aren't I soaring? | senqalqmaymısa?aren't you soaring? | olqalqmaymıdı?isn't he soaring? | bizqalqmaybızmı? qalqmaymıbız?aren't we soaring? | sizqalqmaymısız?aren't you all soaring? | alaqalqmaymıdıla?aren't they soaring? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalqıwçanmaI usually soar | senqalqıwçansayou usually soar | olqalqıwçandıhe usually soars | bizqalqıwçanbızwe usually soar | sizqalqıwçansızyou all usually soar | alaqalqıwçandılathey usually soar |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalqmawçanmaI usually don't soar | senqalqmawçansayou usually don't soar | olqalqmawçandıhe usually doesn't soar | bizqalqmawçanbızwe usually don't soar | sizqalqmawçansızyou all usually don't soar | alaqalqmawçandılathey usually don't soar |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalqıwçanmamı? qalqıwçanmıma?do I usually soar? | senqalqıwçanmısa?do you usually soar? | olqalqıwçanmıdı?does he usually soar? | bizqalqıwçanbızmı? qalqıwçanmıbız?do we usually soar? | sizqalqıwçanmısız?do you all usually soar? | alaqalqıwçanmıdıla?do they usually soar? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalqmawçanmamı? qalqmawçanmıma?do I usually not soar? | senqalqmawçanmısa?do you usually not soar? | olqalqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not soar? | bizqalqmawçanbızmı? qalqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not soar? | sizqalqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not soar? | alaqalqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not soar? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalqıbdıhe has soared and remains so | alaqalqıbdılathey have soared and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalqıbmıdı?has he soared? | alaqalqıbmıdıla?have they soared? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalqıb turamaI keep soaring | senqalqıb turasayou keep soaring | olqalqıb turadıhe keeps soaring | bizqalqıb turabızwe keep soaring | sizqalqıb turasızyou all keep soaring | alaqalqıb turadılathey keep soaring |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalqıb turmaymaI don't keep soaring | senqalqıb turmaysayou don't keep soaring | olqalqıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep soaring | bizqalqıb turmaybızwe don't keep soaring | sizqalqıb turmaysızyou all don't keep soaring | alaqalqıb turmaydılathey don't keep soaring |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalqıb turamamı? qalqıb turamıma?do I keep soaring? | senqalqıb turamısa?do you keep soaring? | olqalqıb turamıdı?does he keep soaring? | bizqalqıb turabızmı? qalqıb turamıbız?do we keep soaring? | sizqalqıb turamısız?do you all keep soaring? | alaqalqıb turamıdıla?do they keep soaring? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalqıb turmaymamı? qalqıb turmaymıma?don't I keep soaring? | senqalqıb turmaymısa?don't you keep soaring? | olqalqıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep soaring? | bizqalqıb turmaybızmı? qalqıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep soaring? | sizqalqıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep soaring? | alaqalqıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep soaring? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalqa turamaI am in the middle of soaring | senqalqa turasayou are in the middle of soaring | olqalqa turadıhe is in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa turabızwe are in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa turasızyou all are in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa turadılathey are in the middle of soaring |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalqa turmaymaI am not in the middle of soaring | senqalqa turmaysayou are not in the middle of soaring | olqalqa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of soaring |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalqa turamamı? qalqa turamıma?am I in the middle of soaring? | senqalqa turamısa?are you in the middle of soaring? | olqalqa turamıdı?is he in the middle of soaring? | bizqalqa turabızmı? qalqa turamıbız?are we in the middle of soaring? | sizqalqa turamısız?are you all in the middle of soaring? | alaqalqa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of soaring? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalqa turmaymamı? qalqa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of soaring? | senqalqa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of soaring? | olqalqa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of soaring? | bizqalqa turmaybızmı? qalqa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of soaring? | sizqalqa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of soaring? | alaqalqa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of soaring? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalqdımI soared | senqalqdıŋyou soared | olqalqdıhe soared | bizqalqdıqwe soared | sizqalqdığızyou all soared | alaqalqdılathey soared |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalqmadımI didn't soar | senqalqmadıŋyou didn't soar | olqalqmadıhe didn't soar | bizqalqmadıqwe didn't soar | sizqalqmadığızyou all didn't soar | alaqalqmadılathey didn't soar |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalqdımmı?did I soar? | senqalqdıŋmı?did you soar? | olqalqdımı?did he soar? | bizqalqdıqmı?did we soar? | sizqalqdığızmı?did you all soar? | alaqalqdılamı?did they soar? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalqmadımmı?didn't I soar? | senqalqmadıŋmı?didn't you soar? | olqalqmadımı?didn't he soar? | bizqalqmadıqmı?didn't we soar? | sizqalqmadığızmı?didn't you all soar? | alaqalqmadılamı?didn't they soar? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalqğanmaI have soared | senqalqğansayou have soared | olqalqğandıhe has soared | bizqalqğanbızwe have soared | sizqalqğansızyou all have soared | alaqalqğandılathey have soared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalqmağanmaI haven't soared | senqalqmağansayou haven't soared | olqalqmağandıhe hasn't soared | bizqalqmağanbızwe haven't soared | sizqalqmağansızyou all haven't soared | alaqalqmağandılathey haven't soared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalqğanmamı? qalqğanmıma?have I soared? | senqalqğanmısa?have you soared? | olqalqğanmıdı?has he soared? | bizqalqğanbızmı? qalqğanmıbız?have we soared? | sizqalqğanmısız?have you all soared? | alaqalqğanmıdıla?have they soared? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalqmağanmamı? qalqmağanmıma?haven't I soared? | senqalqmağanmısa?haven't you soared? | olqalqmağanmıdı?hasn't he soared? | bizqalqmağanbızmı? qalqmağanmıbız?haven't we soared? | sizqalqmağanmısız?haven't you all soared? | alaqalqmağanmıdıla?haven't they soared? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalqıb turdumI kept soaring | senqalqıb turduŋyou kept soaring | olqalqıb turduhe kept soaring | bizqalqıb turduqwe kept soaring | sizqalqıb turduğuzyou all kept soaring | alaqalqıb turdulathey kept soaring |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalqıb turmadımI didn't keep soaring | senqalqıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep soaring | olqalqıb turmadıhe didn't keep soaring | bizqalqıb turmadıqwe didn't keep soaring | sizqalqıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep soaring | alaqalqıb turmadılathey didn't keep soaring |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalqarmaI will soar | senqalqarsayou will soar | olqalqarhe will soar | bizqalqarbızwe will soar | sizqalqarsızyou all will soar | alaqalqarlathey will soar |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalqmazmaI won't soar | senqalqmazsayou won't soar | olqalqmazhe won't soar | bizqalqmazbızwe won't soar | sizqalqmazsızyou all won't soar | alaqalqmazlathey won't soar |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalqarmamı? qalqarmıma?will I soar? | senqalqarmısa?will you soar? | olqalqarmı?will he soar? | bizqalqarbızmı? qalqarmıbız?will we soar? | sizqalqarmısız?will you all soar? | alaqalqarlamı? qalqarmıla?will they soar? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalqmazmamı? qalqmazmıma?won't I soar? | senqalqmazmısa?won't you soar? | olqalqmazmı?won't he soar? | bizqalqmazbızmı? qalqmazmıbız?won't we soar? | sizqalqmazmısız?won't you all soar? | alaqalqmazlamı? qalqmazmıla?won't they soar? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalqarıqmaI am going to soar | senqalqarıqsayou are going to soar | olqalqarıqdıhe is going to soar | bizqalqarıqbızwe are going to soar | sizqalqarıqsızyou all are going to soar | alaqalqarıqdılathey are going to soar |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalqarıq tülmeI am not going to soar | senqalqarıq tülseyou are not going to soar | olqalqarıq tüldühe is not going to soar | bizqalqarıq tülbüzwe are not going to soar | sizqalqarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to soar | alaqalqarıq tüldülethey are not going to soar |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalqarıqmamı? qalqarıqmıma?am I going to soar? | senqalqarıqmısa?are you going to soar? | olqalqarıqmıdı?is he going to soar? | bizqalqarıqbızmı? qalqarıqmıbız?are we going to soar? | sizqalqarıqmısız?are you all going to soar? | alaqalqarıqmıdıla?are they going to soar? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalqarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to soar? | senqalqarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to soar? | olqalqarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to soar? | bizqalqarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to soar? | sizqalqarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to soar? | alaqalqarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to soar? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalqğan edimqalqğanemI had soared | senqalqğan ediŋqalqğaneŋyou had soared | olqalqğan ediqalqğanedhe had soared | bizqalqğan edikqalqğanekwe had soared | sizqalqğan edigizqalqğanegizyou all had soared | alaqalqğan edileqalqğanellethey had soared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalqmağan edimqalqmağanemI hadn't soared | senqalqmağan ediŋqalqmağaneŋyou hadn't soared | olqalqmağan ediqalqmağanedhe hadn't soared | bizqalqmağan edikqalqmağanekwe hadn't soared | sizqalqmağan edigizqalqmağanegizyou all hadn't soared | alaqalqmağan edileqalqmağanellethey hadn't soared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqalqa edimqalqaemI was soaring | senqalqa ediŋqalqaeŋyou were soaring | olqalqa ediqalqaedhe was soaring | bizqalqa edikqalqaekwe were soaring | sizqalqa edigizqalqaegizyou all were soaring | alaqalqa edileqalqaellethey were soaring |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqalqmay edimqalqmayemI wasn't soaring | senqalqmay ediŋqalqmayeŋyou weren't soaring | olqalqmay ediqalqmayedhe wasn't soaring | bizqalqmay edikqalqmayekwe weren't soaring | sizqalqmay edigizqalqmayegizyou all weren't soaring | alaqalqmay edileqalqmayellethey weren't soaring |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalqıwçan edimqalqıwçanemI used to soar | senqalqıwçan ediŋqalqıwçaneŋyou used to soar | olqalqıwçan ediqalqıwçanedhe used to soar | bizqalqıwçan edikqalqıwçanekwe used to soar | sizqalqıwçan edigizqalqıwçanegizyou all used to soar | alaqalqıwçan edileqalqıwçanellethey used to soar |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalqmawçan edimqalqmawçanemI didn't use to soar | senqalqmawçan ediŋqalqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to soar | olqalqmawçan ediqalqmawçanedhe didn't use to soar | bizqalqmawçan edikqalqmawçanekwe didn't use to soar | sizqalqmawçan edigizqalqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to soar | alaqalqmawçan edileqalqmawçanellethey didn't use to soar |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalqıb edihe had soared and remained so | alaqalqıb edilethey had soared and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalqıb tül edihe hadn't soared | alaqalqıb tül edilethey hadn't soared | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalqıb tura edimqalqıb turaemI had kept soaring | senqalqıb tura ediŋqalqıb turaeŋyou had kept soaring | olqalqıb tura ediqalqıb turaedhe had kept soaring | bizqalqıb tura edikqalqıb turaekwe had kept soaring | sizqalqıb tura edigizqalqıb turaegizyou all had kept soaring | alaqalqıb tura edileqalqıb turaellethey had kept soaring |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalqıb turmay edimqalqıb turmayemI hadn't kept soaring | senqalqıb turmay ediŋqalqıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept soaring | olqalqıb turmay ediqalqıb turmayedhe hadn't kept soaring | bizqalqıb turmay edikqalqıb turmayekwe hadn't kept soaring | sizqalqıb turmay edigizqalqıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept soaring | alaqalqıb turmay edileqalqıb turmayellethey hadn't kept soaring |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqalqa tura edimqalqa turaemI was in the middle of soaring | senqalqa tura ediŋqalqa turaeŋyou were in the middle of soaring | olqalqa tura ediqalqa turaedhe was in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa tura edikqalqa turaekwe were in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa tura edigizqalqa turaegizyou all were in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa tura edileqalqa turaellethey were in the middle of soaring |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqalqa turmay edimqalqa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of soaring | senqalqa turmay ediŋqalqa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of soaring | olqalqa turmay ediqalqa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa turmay edikqalqa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa turmay edigizqalqa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa turmay edileqalqa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of soaring |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqalqar edimqalqar emI would soar | senqalqar ediŋqalqar eŋyou would soar | olqalqar ediqalqar edhe would soar | bizqalqar edikqalqar ekwe would soar | sizqalqar edigizqalqar egizyou all would soar | alaqalqar edileqalqar ellethey would soar |
| Conditional result (would) | menqalqmaz edimqalqmaz emI wouldn't soar | senqalqmaz ediŋqalqmaz eŋyou wouldn't soar | olqalqmaz ediqalqmaz edhe wouldn't soar | bizqalqmaz edikqalqmaz ekwe wouldn't soar | sizqalqmaz edigizqalqmaz egizyou all wouldn't soar | alaqalqmaz edileqalqmaz ellethey wouldn't soar |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqalqarıq edimqalqarıq emI would have soared | senqalqarıq ediŋqalqarıq eŋyou would have soared | olqalqarıq ediqalqarıq edhe would have soared | bizqalqarıq edikqalqarıq ekwe would have soared | sizqalqarıq edigizqalqarıq egizyou all would have soared | alaqalqarıq edileqalqarıq ellethey would have soared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqalqarıq tül edimqalqarıq tül emI wouldn't have soared | senqalqarıq tül ediŋqalqarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have soared | olqalqarıq tül ediqalqarıq tül edhe wouldn't have soared | bizqalqarıq tül edikqalqarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have soared | sizqalqarıq tül edigizqalqarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have soared | alaqalqarıq tül edileqalqarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have soared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqalqsamif I soar | senqalqsaŋif you soar | olqalqsaif he soars | bizqalqsaqif we soar | sizqalqsağızif you all soar | alaqalqsalaif they soar |
| Conditional | menqalqmasamif I don't soar | senqalqmasaŋif you don't soar | olqalqmasaif he doesn't soar | bizqalqmasaqif we don't soar | sizqalqmasağızif you all don't soar | alaqalqmasalaif they don't soar |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqalqa esemif I am soaring | senqalqa eseŋif you are soaring | olqalqa eseif he is soaring | bizqalqa esekif we are soaring | sizqalqa esegizif you all are soaring | alaqalqa eseleif they are soaring |
| Conditional, present real | menqalqmay esemif I am not soaring | senqalqmay eseŋif you are not soaring | olqalqmay eseif he is not soaring | bizqalqmay esekif we are not soaring | sizqalqmay esegizif you all are not soaring | alaqalqmay eseleif they are not soaring |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalqsam ediqalqsam edif only I soared | senqalqsaŋ ediqalqsaŋ edif only you soared | olqalqsa ediqalqsaedif only he soared | bizqalqsaq ediqalqsaq edif only we soared | sizqalqsağız ediqalqsağız edif only you all soared | alaqalqsala ediqalqsalaedif only they soared |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalqmasam ediqalqmasam edif only I didn't soar | senqalqmasaŋ ediqalqmasaŋ edif only you didn't soar | olqalqmasa ediqalqmasaedif only he didn't soar | bizqalqmasaq ediqalqmasaq edif only we didn't soar | sizqalqmasağız ediqalqmasağız edif only you all didn't soar | alaqalqmasala ediqalqmasalaedif only they didn't soar |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqalqıb tursamif I carry on soaring | senqalqıb tursaŋif you carry on soaring | olqalqıb tursaif he carries on soaring | bizqalqıb tursaqif we carry on soaring | sizqalqıb tursağızif you all carry on soaring | alaqalqıb tursalaif they carry on soaring |
| Durative conditional | menqalqıb turmasamif I don't carry on soaring | senqalqıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on soaring | olqalqıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on soaring | bizqalqıb turmasaqif we don't carry on soaring | sizqalqıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on soaring | alaqalqıb turmasalaif they don't carry on soaring |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalqıb tura esemif I have kept soaring | senqalqıb tura eseŋif you have kept soaring | olqalqıb tura eseif he has kept soaring | bizqalqıb tura esekif we have kept soaring | sizqalqıb tura esegizif you all have kept soaring | alaqalqıb tura eseleif they have kept soaring |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalqıb turmay esemif I haven't kept soaring | senqalqıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept soaring | olqalqıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept soaring | bizqalqıb turmay esekif we haven't kept soaring | sizqalqıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept soaring | alaqalqıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept soaring |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqalqa tursamif I keep soaring | senqalqa tursaŋif you keep soaring | olqalqa tursaif he keeps soaring | bizqalqa tursaqif we keep soaring | sizqalqa tursağızif you all keep soaring | alaqalqa tursalaif they keep soaring |
| Progressive conditional | menqalqmay tursamif I keep on not soaring | senqalqmay tursaŋif you keep on not soaring | olqalqmay tursaif he keeps on not soaring | bizqalqmay tursaqif we keep on not soaring | sizqalqmay tursağızif you all keep on not soaring | alaqalqmay tursalaif they keep on not soaring |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqalqa tura esemif I am in the middle of soaring | senqalqa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of soaring | olqalqa tura eseif he is in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa tura esekif we are in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa tura eseleif they are in the middle of soaring |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqalqmay tura esemif I keep on not soaring | senqalqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not soaring | olqalqmay tura eseif he keeps on not soaring | bizqalqmay tura esekif we keep on not soaring | sizqalqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not soaring | alaqalqmay tura eseleif they keep on not soaring |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqalqdım esemif I soared | senqalqdıŋ eseŋif you soared | olqalqdı eseif he soared | bizqalqdıq esekif we soared | sizqalqdığız esegizif you all soared | alaqalqdıla eseleif they soared |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqalqmadım esemif I didn't soar | senqalqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't soar | olqalqmadı eseif he didn't soar | bizqalqmadıq esekif we didn't soar | sizqalqmadığız esegizif you all didn't soar | alaqalqmadıla eseleif they didn't soar |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqalqğan esemif I did soar (indeed) | senqalqğan eseŋif you did soar (indeed) | olqalqğan eseif he did soar (indeed) | bizqalqğan esekif we did soar (indeed) | sizqalqğan esegizif you all did soar (indeed) | alaqalqğan eseleif they did soar (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqalqmağan esemif I didn't soar (indeed) | senqalqmağan eseŋif you didn't soar (indeed) | olqalqmağan eseif he didn't soar (indeed) | bizqalqmağan esekif we didn't soar (indeed) | sizqalqmağan esegizif you all didn't soar (indeed) | alaqalqmağan eseleif they didn't soar (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalqğan bolsamif I had soared | senqalqğan bolsaŋif you had soared | olqalqğan bolsaif he had soared | bizqalqğan bolsaqif we had soared | sizqalqğan bolsağızif you all had soared | alaqalqğan bolsalaif they had soared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalqmağan bolsamif I hadn't soared | senqalqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't soared | olqalqmağan bolsaif he hadn't soared | bizqalqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't soared | sizqalqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't soared | alaqalqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't soared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalqğan bolsam ediqalqğan bolsam edif only I had soared | senqalqğan bolsaŋ ediqalqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had soared | olqalqğan bolsa ediqalqğan bolsaedif only he had soared | bizqalqğan bolsaq ediqalqğan bolsaq edif only we had soared | sizqalqğan bolsağız ediqalqğan bolsağız edif only you all had soared | alaqalqğan bolsala ediqalqğan bolsalaedif only they had soared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalqmağan bolsam ediqalqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't soared | senqalqmağan bolsaŋ ediqalqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't soared | olqalqmağan bolsa ediqalqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't soared | bizqalqmağan bolsaq ediqalqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't soared | sizqalqmağan bolsağız ediqalqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't soared | alaqalqmağan bolsala ediqalqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't soared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqalqar esemif I will soar | senqalqar eseŋif you will soar | olqalqar eseif he will soar | bizqalqar esekif we will soar | sizqalqar esegizif you all will soar | alaqalqar eseleif they will soar |
| Conditional, aorist | menqalqmaz esemif I won't soar | senqalqmaz eseŋif you won't soar | olqalqmaz eseif he won't soar | bizqalqmaz esekif we won't soar | sizqalqmaz esegizif you all won't soar | alaqalqmaz eseleif they won't soar |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqalqarıq esemif I am going to soar | senqalqarıq eseŋif you are going to soar | olqalqarıq eseif he is going to soar | bizqalqarıq esekif we are going to soar | sizqalqarıq esegizif you all are going to soar | alaqalqarıq eseleif they are going to soar |
| Conditional, future | menqalqarıq tül esemif I am not going to soar | senqalqarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to soar | olqalqarıq tül eseif he is not going to soar | bizqalqarıq tül esekif we are not going to soar | sizqalqarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to soar | alaqalqarıq tül eseleif they are not going to soar |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqalqarıq bolsamif I were going to soar | senqalqarıq bolsaŋif you were going to soar | olqalqarıq bolsaif he were going to soar | bizqalqarıq bolsaqif we were going to soar | sizqalqarıq bolsağızif you all were going to soar | alaqalqarıq bolsalaif they were going to soar |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqalqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to soar | senqalqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to soar | olqalqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to soar | bizqalqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to soar | sizqalqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to soar | alaqalqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to soar |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qalqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqalqa bolurmaI must be soaring | senqalqa bolursayou must be soaring | olqalqa bolurhe must be soaring | bizqalqa bolurbuzwe must be soaring | sizqalqa bolursuzyou all must be soaring | alaqalqa bolurlathey must be soaring |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqalqmay bolurmaI must not be soaring | senqalqmay bolursayou must not be soaring | olqalqmay bolurhe must not be soaring | bizqalqmay bolurbuzwe must not be soaring | sizqalqmay bolursuzyou all must not be soaring | alaqalqmay bolurlathey must not be soaring |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqalqa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of soaring | senqalqa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of soaring | olqalqa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of soaring |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqalqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not soaring | senqalqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not soaring | olqalqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not soaring | bizqalqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not soaring | sizqalqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not soaring | alaqalqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not soaring |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqalqğan bolurmaI must have soared | senqalqğan bolursayou must have soared | olqalqğan bolurhe must have soared | bizqalqğan bolurbuzwe must have soared | sizqalqğan bolursuzyou all must have soared | alaqalqğan bolurlathey must have soared |
| Inference (must have) | menqalqmağan bolurmaI must not have soared | senqalqmağan bolursayou must not have soared | olqalqmağan bolurhe must not have soared | bizqalqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have soared | sizqalqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have soared | alaqalqmağan bolurlathey must not have soared |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqalqarıq bolurmaI must be going to soar | senqalqarıq bolursayou must be going to soar | olqalqarıq bolurhe must be going to soar | bizqalqarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to soar | sizqalqarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to soar | alaqalqarıq bolurlathey must be going to soar |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqalqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to soar | senqalqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to soar | olqalqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to soar | bizqalqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to soar | sizqalqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to soar | alaqalqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to soar |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqalqayımlet me soar | senqalq!soar! | olqalqsınlet him soar | bizqalqayıqlet's soar | sizqalqığız!soar, you all! | alaqalqsınlalet them soar |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalqmayımlet me not soar | senqalqma!don't soar! | olqalqmasınlet him not soar | bizqalqmayıqlet's not soar | sizqalqmağız!don't soar, you all! | alaqalqmasınlalet them not soar |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalqayımmı?shall I soar? | olqalqsınmı?should he soar? | bizqalqayıqmı?shall we soar? | alaqalqsınlamı?should they soar? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqalqmayımmı?shall I not soar? | olqalqmasınmı?should he not soar? | bizqalqmayıqmı?shall we not soar? | alaqalqmasınlamı?should they not soar? | ||
| Requests | senqalqçı2qalqçınplease soar | olqalqsınçıdo let him soar | sizqalqçığızplease soar (plural/polite) | alaqalqsınlaçıdo let them soar | ||
| Requests | senqalqmaçı2qalqmaçınplease don't soar | olqalqmasınçıdo let him not soar | sizqalqmaçığızplease don't soar (plural/polite) | alaqalqmasınlaçıdo let them not soar | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalqğınqalqğımay you soar | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalqmağınqalqmağımay you not soar | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalqğay edim qalqğa edimwould that I soared | senqalqğay ediŋ qalqğa ediŋwould that you soared | olqalqğay edi qalqğa ediwould that he soared | bizqalqğay edik qalqğa edikwould that we soared | sizqalqğay edigiz qalqğa edigizwould that you all soared | alaqalqğay edile qalqğa edilewould that they soared |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalqmağay edim qalqmağa edimwould that I did not soar | senqalqmağay ediŋ qalqmağa ediŋwould that you did not soar | olqalqmağay edi qalqmağa ediwould that he did not soar | bizqalqmağay edik qalqmağa edikwould that we did not soar | sizqalqmağay edigiz qalqmağa edigizwould that you all did not soar | alaqalqmağay edile qalqmağa edilewould that they did not soar |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalqmağa qoyayımqalqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoy!qalqma qoy!let someone soar! | olqalqmağa qoysunqalqma qoysunlet him allow someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoyayıqqalqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoyuğuz!qalqma qoyuğuz!let someone soar, you all! | alaqalqmağa qoysunlaqalqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to soar |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalqmağa qoymayımqalqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoyma!qalqma qoyma!don't let someone soar! | olqalqmağa qoymasınqalqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoymayıqqalqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoymağız!qalqma qoymağız!don't let someone soar, you all! | alaqalqmağa qoymasınlaqalqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to soar |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalqmağa qoyayımmı?qalqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoysunmu?qalqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoyayıqmı?qalqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoysunlamı?qalqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to soar? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalqmağa qoymayımmı?qalqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoymasınmı?qalqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoymayıqmı?qalqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoymasınlamı?qalqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to soar? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqalqmağa qoyamaqalqma qoyamaI allow someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoyasaqalqma qoyasayou allow someone to soar | olqalqmağa qoyadıqalqma qoyadıhe allows someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoyabızqalqma qoyabızwe allow someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoyasızqalqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to soar | alaqalqmağa qoyadılaqalqma qoyadılathey allow someone to soar |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalqmağa qoymaymaqalqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoymaysaqalqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to soar | olqalqmağa qoymaydıqalqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoymaybızqalqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoymaysızqalqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to soar | alaqalqmağa qoymaydılaqalqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to soar |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalqmağa qoyamamı?qalqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to soar? | senqalqmağa qoyamısa?qalqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoyamıdı?qalqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoyabızmı?qalqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to soar? | sizqalqmağa qoyamısız?qalqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoyamıdıla?qalqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to soar? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalqmağa qoymaymamı?qalqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to soar? | senqalqmağa qoymaymısa?qalqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoymaymıdı?qalqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoymaybızmı?qalqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to soar? | sizqalqmağa qoymaymısız?qalqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoymaymıdıla?qalqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to soar? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalqmağa qoydumqalqma qoydumI allowed someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoyduŋqalqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to soar | olqalqmağa qoyduqalqma qoyduhe allowed someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoyduqqalqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoyduğuzqalqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to soar | alaqalqmağa qoydulaqalqma qoydulathey allowed someone to soar |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalqmağa qoymadımqalqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to soar | senqalqmağa qoymadıŋqalqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to soar | olqalqmağa qoymadıqalqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to soar | bizqalqmağa qoymadıqqalqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to soar | sizqalqmağa qoymadığızqalqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to soar | alaqalqmağa qoymadılaqalqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to soar |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalqmağa qoydummu?qalqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to soar? | senqalqmağa qoyduŋmu?qalqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoydumu?qalqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoyduqmu?qalqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to soar? | sizqalqmağa qoyduğuzmu?qalqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoydulamı?qalqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to soar? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalqmağa qoymadımmı?qalqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to soar? | senqalqmağa qoymadıŋmı?qalqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to soar? | olqalqmağa qoymadımı?qalqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to soar? | bizqalqmağa qoymadıqmı?qalqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to soar? | sizqalqmağa qoymadığızmı?qalqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to soar? | alaqalqmağa qoymadılamı?qalqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to soar? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qalqalırğa be able to soar · qalqalmazğa be unable to soar
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqalqalamaI can soar | senqalqalasayou can soar | olqalqaladıhe can soar | bizqalqalabızwe can soar | sizqalqalasızyou all can soar | alaqalqaladılathey can soar |
| Ability — present | menqalqalmaymaI can't soar | senqalqalmaysayou can't soar | olqalqalmaydıhe can't soar | bizqalqalmaybızwe can't soar | sizqalqalmaysızyou all can't soar | alaqalqalmaydılathey can't soar |
| Ability — present | menqalqalamamı? qalqalamıma?can I soar? | senqalqalamısa?can you soar? | olqalqalamıdı?can he soar? | bizqalqalabızmı? qalqalamıbız?can we soar? | sizqalqalamısız?can you all soar? | alaqalqalamıdıla?can they soar? |
| Ability — present | menqalqalmaymamı? qalqalmaymıma?can't I soar? | senqalqalmaymısa?can't you soar? | olqalqalmaymıdı?can't he soar? | bizqalqalmaybızmı? qalqalmaymıbız?can't we soar? | sizqalqalmaymısız?can't you all soar? | alaqalqalmaymıdıla?can't they soar? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalqalsamif I can soar | senqalqalsaŋif you can soar | olqalqalsaif he can soar | bizqalqalsaqif we can soar | sizqalqalsağızif you all can soar | alaqalqalsalaif they can soar |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalqalmasamif I can't soar | senqalqalmasaŋif you can't soar | olqalqalmasaif he can't soar | bizqalqalmasaqif we can't soar | sizqalqalmasağızif you all can't soar | alaqalqalmasalaif they can't soar |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqalqaldımI was able to soar | senqalqaldıŋyou were able to soar | olqalqaldıhe was able to soar | bizqalqaldıqwe were able to soar | sizqalqaldığızyou all were able to soar | alaqalqaldılathey were able to soar |
| Ability — simple past | menqalqalmadımI could not soar | senqalqalmadıŋyou could not soar | olqalqalmadıhe could not soar | bizqalqalmadıqwe could not soar | sizqalqalmadığızyou all could not soar | alaqalqalmadılathey could not soar |
| Ability — simple past | menqalqaldımmı?was I able to soar? | senqalqaldıŋmı?were you able to soar? | olqalqaldımı?was he able to soar? | bizqalqaldıqmı?were we able to soar? | sizqalqaldığızmı?were you all able to soar? | alaqalqaldılamı?were they able to soar? |
| Ability — simple past | menqalqalmadımmı?couldn't I soar? | senqalqalmadıŋmı?couldn't you soar? | olqalqalmadımı?couldn't he soar? | bizqalqalmadıqmı?couldn't we soar? | sizqalqalmadığızmı?couldn't you all soar? | alaqalqalmadılamı?couldn't they soar? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalqalğanmaI have been able to soar | senqalqalğansayou have been able to soar | olqalqalğandıhe has been able to soar | bizqalqalğanbızwe have been able to soar | sizqalqalğansızyou all have been able to soar | alaqalqalğandılathey have been able to soar |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalqalmağanmaI haven't been able to soar | senqalqalmağansayou haven't been able to soar | olqalqalmağandıhe hasn't been able to soar | bizqalqalmağanbızwe haven't been able to soar | sizqalqalmağansızyou all haven't been able to soar | alaqalqalmağandılathey haven't been able to soar |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalqalğanmamı? qalqalğanmıma?have I been able to soar? | senqalqalğanmısa?have you been able to soar? | olqalqalğanmıdı?has he been able to soar? | bizqalqalğanbızmı? qalqalğanmıbız?have we been able to soar? | sizqalqalğanmısız?have you all been able to soar? | alaqalqalğanmıdıla?have they been able to soar? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalqalmağanmamı? qalqalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to soar? | senqalqalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to soar? | olqalqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to soar? | bizqalqalmağanbızmı? qalqalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to soar? | sizqalqalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to soar? | alaqalqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to soar? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalqalğan edimqalqalğanemI had been able to soar | senqalqalğan ediŋqalqalğaneŋyou had been able to soar | olqalqalğan ediqalqalğanedhe had been able to soar | bizqalqalğan edikqalqalğanekwe had been able to soar | sizqalqalğan edigizqalqalğanegizyou all had been able to soar | alaqalqalğan edileqalqalğanellethey had been able to soar |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalqalmağan edimqalqalmağanemI hadn't been able to soar | senqalqalmağan ediŋqalqalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to soar | olqalqalmağan ediqalqalmağanedhe hadn't been able to soar | bizqalqalmağan edikqalqalmağanekwe hadn't been able to soar | sizqalqalmağan edigizqalqalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to soar | alaqalqalmağan edileqalqalmağanellethey hadn't been able to soar |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqalqala edimqalqalaemI could soar | senqalqala ediŋqalqalaeŋyou could soar | olqalqala ediqalqalaedhe could soar | bizqalqala edikqalqalaekwe could soar | sizqalqala edigizqalqalaegizyou all could soar | alaqalqala edileqalqalaellethey could soar |
| Ability — past background | menqalqalmay edimqalqalmayemI could not soar | senqalqalmay ediŋqalqalmayeŋyou could not soar | olqalqalmay ediqalqalmayedhe could not soar | bizqalqalmay edikqalqalmayekwe could not soar | sizqalqalmay edigizqalqalmayegizyou all could not soar | alaqalqalmay edileqalqalmayellethey could not soar |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqalqalırmaI will be able to soar | senqalqalırsayou will be able to soar | olqalqalırhe will be able to soar | bizqalqalırbızwe will be able to soar | sizqalqalırsızyou all will be able to soar | alaqalqalırlathey will be able to soar |
| Ability — future I | menqalqalmazmaI won't be able to soar | senqalqalmazsayou won't be able to soar | olqalqalmazhe won't be able to soar | bizqalqalmazbızwe won't be able to soar | sizqalqalmazsızyou all won't be able to soar | alaqalqalmazlathey won't be able to soar |
| Ability — future I | menqalqalırmamı? qalqalırmıma?will I be able to soar? | senqalqalırmısa?will you be able to soar? | olqalqalırmı?will he be able to soar? | bizqalqalırbızmı? qalqalırmıbız?will we be able to soar? | sizqalqalırmısız?will you all be able to soar? | alaqalqalırlamı? qalqalırmıla?will they be able to soar? |
| Ability — future I | menqalqalmazmamı? qalqalmazmıma?won't I be able to soar? | senqalqalmazmısa?won't you be able to soar? | olqalqalmazmı?won't he be able to soar? | bizqalqalmazbızmı? qalqalmazmıbız?won't we be able to soar? | sizqalqalmazmısız?won't you all be able to soar? | alaqalqalmazlamı? qalqalmazmıla?won't they be able to soar? |
| Ability — future II | menqalqallıqmaI am going to be able to soar | senqalqallıqsayou are going to be able to soar | olqalqallıqdıhe is going to be able to soar | bizqalqallıqbızwe are going to be able to soar | sizqalqallıqsızyou all are going to be able to soar | alaqalqallıqdılathey are going to be able to soar |
| Ability — future II | menqalqallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to soar | senqalqallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to soar | olqalqallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to soar | bizqalqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to soar | sizqalqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to soar | alaqalqallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to soar |
| Ability — future II | menqalqallıqmamı? qalqallıqmıma?am I going to be able to soar? | senqalqallıqmısa?are you going to be able to soar? | olqalqallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to soar? | bizqalqallıqbızmı? qalqallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to soar? | sizqalqallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to soar? | alaqalqallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to soar? |
| Ability — future II | menqalqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to soar? | senqalqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to soar? | olqalqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to soar? | bizqalqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to soar? | sizqalqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to soar? | alaqalqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to soar? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalqalır edimqalqalır emI would be able to soar | senqalqalır ediŋqalqalır eŋyou would be able to soar | olqalqalır ediqalqalır edhe would be able to soar | bizqalqalır edikqalqalır ekwe would be able to soar | sizqalqalır edigizqalqalır egizyou all would be able to soar | alaqalqalır edileqalqalır ellethey would be able to soar |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalqalmaz edimqalqalmaz emI wouldn't be able to soar | senqalqalmaz ediŋqalqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to soar | olqalqalmaz ediqalqalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to soar | bizqalqalmaz edikqalqalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to soar | sizqalqalmaz edigizqalqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to soar | alaqalqalmaz edileqalqalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to soar |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalqalğınqalqalğımay you be able to soar | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalqalmağınqalqalmağımay you not be able to soar | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqalqarğa izleymeI want to soar | senqalqarğa izleyseyou want to soar | olqalqarğa izleydihe wants to soar | bizqalqarğa izleybizwe want to soar | sizqalqarğa izleysizyou all want to soar | alaqalqarğa izleydilethey want to soar |
| want to | menqalqarğa izlemeymeI do not want to soar | senqalqarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to soar | olqalqarğa izlemeydihe does not want to soar | bizqalqarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to soar | sizqalqarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to soar | alaqalqarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to soar |
| would like to | menqalqarğa süemeI would like to soar | senqalqarğa süeseyou would like to soar | olqalqarğa süedihe would like to soar | bizqalqarğa süebizwe would like to soar | sizqalqarğa süesizyou all would like to soar | alaqalqarğa süedilethey would like to soar |
| would like to | menqalqarğa süymeymeI would not like to soar | senqalqarğa süymeyseyou would not like to soar | olqalqarğa süymeydihe would not like to soar | bizqalqarğa süymeybizwe would not like to soar | sizqalqarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to soar | alaqalqarğa süymeydilethey would not like to soar |
| hope to | menqalqarğa umutlanamaI hope to soar | senqalqarğa umutlanasayou hope to soar | olqalqarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to soar | bizqalqarğa umutlanabızwe hope to soar | sizqalqarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to soar | alaqalqarğa umutlanadılathey hope to soar |
| hope to | menqalqarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to soar | senqalqarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to soar | olqalqarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to soar | bizqalqarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to soar | sizqalqarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to soar | alaqalqarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to soar |
| be about to | menqalqarğa deb turamaI am about to soar | senqalqarğa deb turasayou are about to soar | olqalqarğa deb turadıhe is about to soar | bizqalqarğa deb turabızwe are about to soar | sizqalqarğa deb turasızyou all are about to soar | alaqalqarğa deb turadılathey are about to soar |
| be about to | menqalqarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to soar | senqalqarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to soar | olqalqarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to soar | bizqalqarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to soar | sizqalqarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to soar | alaqalqarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to soar |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqalqarğa kerekmeI need to soar | senqalqarğa kerekseyou need to soar | olqalqarğa kerekdihe needs to soar | bizqalqarğa kerekbizwe need to soar | sizqalqarğa kereksizyou all need to soar | alaqalqarğa kerekdilethey need to soar |
| need to | menqalqarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to soar | senqalqarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to soar | olqalqarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to soar | bizqalqarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to soar | sizqalqarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to soar | alaqalqarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to soar |
| have to | menmenŋe qalqarğa tüşediI have to soar | sensenŋe qalqarğa tüşediyou have to soar | olaŋa qalqarğa tüşedihe has to soar | bizbizge qalqarğa tüşediwe have to soar | sizsizge qalqarğa tüşediyou all have to soar | alaalağa qalqarğa tüşedithey have to soar |
| have to | menmenŋe qalqarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to soar | sensenŋe qalqarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to soar | olaŋa qalqarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to soar | bizbizge qalqarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to soar | sizsizge qalqarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to soar | alaalağa qalqarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to soar |
| be obliged to | menqalqarğa borçlumaI am obliged to soar | senqalqarğa borçlusayou are obliged to soar | olqalqarğa borçluduhe is obliged to soar | bizqalqarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to soar | sizqalqarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to soar | alaqalqarğa borçludulathey are obliged to soar |
| be obliged to | menqalqarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to soar | senqalqarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to soar | olqalqarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to soar | bizqalqarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to soar | sizqalqarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to soar | alaqalqarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to soar |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqalqarğa madarım bardıI have a way to soar | senqalqarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to soar | olqalqarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to soar | bizqalqarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to soar | sizqalqarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to soar | alaqalqarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to soar |
| have a way to | menqalqarğa madarım joqduI have no way to soar | senqalqarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to soar | olqalqarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to soar | bizqalqarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to soar | sizqalqarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to soar | alaqalqarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to soar |
| be free to | menqalqarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to soar | senqalqarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to soar | olqalqarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to soar | bizqalqarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to soar | sizqalqarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to soar | alaqalqarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to soar |
| be free to | menqalqarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to soar | senqalqarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to soar | olqalqarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to soar | bizqalqarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to soar | sizqalqarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to soar | alaqalqarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to soar |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to soar | sensenŋe qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to soar | olaŋa qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to soar | bizbizge qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to soar | sizsizge qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to soar | alaalağa qalqarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to soar |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to soar | sensenŋe qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to soar | olaŋa qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to soar | bizbizge qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to soar | sizsizge qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to soar | alaalağa qalqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to soar |
| be ready to | menqalqarğa hazırmaI am ready to soar | senqalqarğa hazırsayou are ready to soar | olqalqarğa hazırdıhe is ready to soar | bizqalqarğa hazırbızwe are ready to soar | sizqalqarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to soar | alaqalqarğa hazırdılathey are ready to soar |
| be ready to | menqalqarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to soar | senqalqarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to soar | olqalqarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to soar | bizqalqarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to soar | sizqalqarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to soar | alaqalqarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to soar |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqalqarğa küreşemeI am trying to soar | senqalqarğa küreşeseyou are trying to soar | olqalqarğa küreşedihe is trying to soar | bizqalqarğa küreşebizwe are trying to soar | sizqalqarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to soar | alaqalqarğa küreşedilethey are trying to soar |
| try to | menqalqarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to soar | senqalqarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to soar | olqalqarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to soar | bizqalqarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to soar | sizqalqarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to soar | alaqalqarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to soar |
| agree to | menqalqarğa unaymaI agree to soar | senqalqarğa unaysayou agree to soar | olqalqarğa unaydıhe agrees to soar | bizqalqarğa unaybızwe agree to soar | sizqalqarğa unaysızyou all agree to soar | alaqalqarğa unaydılathey agree to soar |
| agree to | menqalqarğa unamaymaI refuse to soar | senqalqarğa unamaysayou refuse to soar | olqalqarğa unamaydıhe refuses to soar | bizqalqarğa unamaybızwe refuse to soar | sizqalqarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to soar | alaqalqarğa unamaydılathey refuse to soar |
| hurry to | menqalqarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to soar | senqalqarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to soar | olqalqarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to soar | bizqalqarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to soar | sizqalqarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to soar | alaqalqarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to soar |
| hurry to | menqalqarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to soar | senqalqarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to soar | olqalqarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to soar | bizqalqarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to soar | sizqalqarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to soar | alaqalqarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to soar |
| be afraid to | menqalqarğa qorqamaI am afraid to soar | senqalqarğa qorqasayou are afraid to soar | olqalqarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to soar | bizqalqarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to soar | sizqalqarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to soar | alaqalqarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to soar |
| be afraid to | menqalqarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to soar | senqalqarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to soar | olqalqarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to soar | bizqalqarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to soar | sizqalqarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to soar | alaqalqarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to soar |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqalqa bolmazmaI can't be soaring | senqalqa bolmazsayou can't be soaring | olqalqa bolmazhe can't be soaring | bizqalqa bolmazbızwe can't be soaring | sizqalqa bolmazsızyou all can't be soaring | alaqalqa bolmazlathey can't be soaring |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqalqmay bolmazmaI must be soaring (emphatic) | senqalqmay bolmazsayou must be soaring (emphatic) | olqalqmay bolmazhe must be soaring (emphatic) | bizqalqmay bolmazbızwe must be soaring (emphatic) | sizqalqmay bolmazsızyou all must be soaring (emphatic) | alaqalqmay bolmazlathey must be soaring (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqalqa turmasamif I don't keep soaring | senqalqa turmasaŋif you don't keep soaring | olqalqa turmasaif he doesn't keep soaring | bizqalqa turmasaqif we don't keep soaring | sizqalqa turmasağızif you all don't keep soaring | alaqalqa turmasalaif they don't keep soaring |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqalqa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of soaring | senqalqa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of soaring | olqalqa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of soaring | bizqalqa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of soaring | sizqalqa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of soaring | alaqalqa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of soaring |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqalqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not soaring (emphatic) | senqalqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not soaring (emphatic) | olqalqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not soaring (emphatic) | bizqalqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not soaring (emphatic) | sizqalqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not soaring (emphatic) | alaqalqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not soaring (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqalqmay turamaI keep on not soaring | senqalqmay turasayou keep on not soaring | olqalqmay turadıhe keeps on not soaring | bizqalqmay turabızwe keep on not soaring | sizqalqmay turasızyou all keep on not soaring | alaqalqmay turadılathey keep on not soaring |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not soaring | senqalqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not soaring | olqalqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not soaring | bizqalqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not soaring | sizqalqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not soaring | alaqalqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not soaring |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not soaring? | senqalqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not soaring? | olqalqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not soaring? | bizqalqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not soaring? | sizqalqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not soaring? | alaqalqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not soaring? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqalqğan bolmazmaI can't have soared | senqalqğan bolmazsayou can't have soared | olqalqğan bolmazhe can't have soared | bizqalqğan bolmazbızwe can't have soared | sizqalqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have soared | alaqalqğan bolmazlathey can't have soared |
| Inference — double negation | menqalqmağan bolmazmaI must have soared (emphatic) | senqalqmağan bolmazsayou must have soared (emphatic) | olqalqmağan bolmazhe must have soared (emphatic) | bizqalqmağan bolmazbızwe must have soared (emphatic) | sizqalqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have soared (emphatic) | alaqalqmağan bolmazlathey must have soared (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqalqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had soared | senqalqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had soared | olqalqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had soared | bizqalqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had soared | sizqalqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had soared | alaqalqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had soared |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqalqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't soared | senqalqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't soared | olqalqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't soared | bizqalqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't soared | sizqalqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't soared | alaqalqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't soared |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqalqarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to soar | senqalqarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to soar | olqalqarıq bolmazhe can't be going to soar | bizqalqarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to soar | sizqalqarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to soar | alaqalqarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to soar |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqalqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to soar (emphatic) | senqalqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to soar (emphatic) | olqalqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to soar (emphatic) | bizqalqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to soar (emphatic) | sizqalqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to soar (emphatic) | alaqalqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to soar (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqalqarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to soar | senqalqarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to soar | olqalqarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to soar | bizqalqarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to soar | sizqalqarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to soar | alaqalqarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to soar |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqalqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to soar | senqalqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to soar | olqalqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to soar | bizqalqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to soar | sizqalqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to soar | alaqalqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to soar |