penal
/penal/
Definition
a pencil case, a small box for pens and pencils
- penalda qalamla — pens in the pencil case
- penalın üyde qoydu — he left his pencil case at home
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | penalthe pencil case | penallathe pencil cases | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | penalnıthe pencil case's | penallanıthe pencil cases' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | penalnıthe pencil case (as the object) | penallanıthe pencil cases (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | penalğato the pencil case | penallağato the pencil cases | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | penaldaat / in the pencil case | penalladaat / in the pencil cases | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | penaldanfrom the pencil case | penalladanfrom the pencil cases | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | penalımmy pencil case | penallarımmy pencil cases |
| your | penalıngyour pencil case | penallarıngyour pencil cases |
| his / her | penalıhis / her pencil case | penallarıhis / her pencil cases |
| our | penalıbızour pencil case | penallarıbızour pencil cases |
| you all's | penalığızyou all's pencil case | penallarığızyou all's pencil cases |
| their | penallarıtheir pencil case | penallarıtheir pencil cases |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: penalları can mean "his / her pencil cases", "their pencil case", or "their pencil cases" — context decides.