otun
/otun/
Definition
firewood, fuel logs, chopped wood for fire
- qışha otun — firewood for winter
- quru otun — dry firewood
- otun jarıb — chopping firewood
Origin
A word Karachay inherited from Proto-Turkic; Siemieniec-Gołaś lists it among the Proto-Turkic stock of Karachay-Balkar (2000, p. 97).Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | otunthe firewood | otunlathe firewoods | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | otunnuthe firewood's | otunlanıthe firewoods' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | otunnuthe firewood (as the object) | otunlanıthe firewoods (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | otungato the firewood | otunlağato the firewoods | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | otundaat / in the firewood | otunladaat / in the firewoods | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | otundanfrom the firewood | otunladanfrom the firewoods | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | otunummy firewood | otunlarımmy firewoods |
| your | otunungyour firewood | otunlarıngyour firewoods |
| his / her | otunuhis / her firewood | otunlarıhis / her firewoods |
| our | otunubuzour firewood | otunlarıbızour firewoods |
| you all's | otunuğuzyou all's firewood | otunlarığızyou all's firewoods |
| their | otunlarıtheir firewood | otunlarıtheir firewoods |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: otunları can mean "his / her firewoods", "their firewood", or "their firewoods" — context decides.