otpuska
/otpuska/
Definition
leave, an authorized period of absence from work
- uzaq otpuska — a long leave
- otpuskağa çığarğa — to go on leave
- anga otpuska berdile — they granted him leave
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | otpuskathe leave | otpuskalathe leaves | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | otpuskanıthe leave's | otpuskalanıthe leaves' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | otpuskanıthe leave (as the object) | otpuskalanıthe leaves (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | otpuskağato the leave | otpuskalağato the leaves | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | otpuskadaat / in the leave | otpuskaladaat / in the leaves | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | otpuskadanfrom the leave | otpuskaladanfrom the leaves | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | otpuskammy leave | otpuskalarımmy leaves |
| your | otpuskangyour leave | otpuskalarıngyour leaves |
| his / her | otpuskasıhis / her leave | otpuskalarıhis / her leaves |
| our | otpuskabızour leave | otpuskalarıbızour leaves |
| you all's | otpuskağızyou all's leave | otpuskalarığızyou all's leaves |
| their | otpuskalarıtheir leave | otpuskalarıtheir leaves |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: otpuskaları can mean "his / her leaves", "their leave", or "their leaves" — context decides.