Karachay

oquğan

/oquʁan/ · plural oquğanla

past participle of oqurğa →

1. (adj.) educated, literate, learned, well-read
  • oquğan adam — an educated person
  • oquğan jaş elge hayır keltirir — an educated young man will bring benefit to the village
  • oquğan adam qaraŋını jarıtır — an educated person will light up the darkness
  • oquğan sabiy oqumağan adamdan ulludu — a literate child is greater than an illiterate adult
2. (n.) educated person, literate person, reader — Often stands on its own, without a following noun, for the person, as in the proverb oquğannı beti jarıq. one source
  • oquğan ozar, oqumağan tozar — the educated one will get ahead, the uneducated one will fall behind
  • oquğannı beti jarıq, kölü bazıq — an educated person's face is bright, his heart is broad
  • oquğan bla oqumağan bir bolmaz — the educated and the uneducated will not be alike
  • oquğanŋa duniya açıqdı — to an educated person the world is open
  • oquğannı sözü tüz bolur — an educated person's word will be right
3. (ptcp.) having read, having studied, having recited; studying, who studies — The participle of oqurğa. Commonly names where someone studied, with the place in the locative case, and also describes those who are studying, as in oquğan jaş tölü "students, young people in school".
  • kitabnı oquğan jaş — the young man who read the book
  • men bu haparnı oquğanma — I have read this story
  • biz bu kitabnı oquğanbız — we have read this book
  • igi oquğanlanı institutha buyurğandıla — they sent those who studied well to the institute
  • kitabnı oquğan teren mağanasın bilir — the one who has read the book will know its deep meaning

As an adjective

Saying it about someone

DegreemenIsenyouolhe/she/itbizwesizyou allalathey
base formoquğanmaI am educatedoquğansayou are educatedoquğandıhe is educatedoquğanbızwe are educatedoquğansızyou all are educatedoquğandılathey are educated

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden oquğandı — "compared to me, he is educated."

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativeoquğanthe educated personoquğanımmy educated personoquğanıŋyour educated personoquğanıhis educated personoquğanıbızour educated personoquğanığızyou all's educated personoquğanlarıtheir educated people
Genitiveoquğannıthe educated person'soquğanımımy educated person'soquğanıŋıyour educated person'soquğanınıhis educated person'soquğanıbıznıour educated person'soquğanığıznıyou all's educated person'soquğanlarınıtheir educated people's
Accusativeoquğannıthe educated person (as the object)oquğanımımy educated person (as the object)oquğanıŋıyour educated person (as the object)oquğanınhis educated person (as the object)oquğanıbıznıour educated person (as the object)oquğanığıznıyou all's educated person (as the object)oquğanlarıntheir educated people (as the object)
Dativeoquğanŋato the educated personoquğanımato my educated personoquğanıŋato your educated personoquğanınato his educated personoquğanıbızğato our educated personoquğanığızğato you all's educated personoquğanlarınato their educated people
Locativeoquğandain / at the educated personoquğanımdain / at my educated personoquğanıŋdain / at your educated personoquğanındain / at his educated personoquğanıbızdain / at our educated personoquğanığızdain / at you all's educated personoquğanlarındain / at their educated people
Ablativeoquğandanfrom the educated personoquğanımdanfrom my educated personoquğanıŋdanfrom your educated personoquğanındanfrom his educated personoquğanıbızdanfrom our educated personoquğanığızdanfrom you all's educated personoquğanlarındanfrom their educated people

Plural

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativeoquğanlathe educated peopleoquğanlarımmy educated peopleoquğanlarıŋyour educated peopleoquğanlarıhis educated peopleoquğanlarıbızour educated peopleoquğanlarığızyou all's educated peopleoquğanlarıtheir educated people
Genitiveoquğanlanıthe educated people'soquğanlarımımy educated people'soquğanlarıŋıyour educated people'soquğanlarınıhis educated people'soquğanlarıbıznıour educated people'soquğanlarığıznıyou all's educated people'soquğanlarınıtheir educated people's
Accusativeoquğanlanıthe educated people (as the object)oquğanlarımımy educated people (as the object)oquğanlarıŋıyour educated people (as the object)oquğanlarınhis educated people (as the object)oquğanlarıbıznıour educated people (as the object)oquğanlarığıznıyou all's educated people (as the object)oquğanlarıntheir educated people (as the object)
Dativeoquğanlağato the educated peopleoquğanlarımato my educated peopleoquğanlarıŋato your educated peopleoquğanlarınato his educated peopleoquğanlarıbızğato our educated peopleoquğanlarığızğato you all's educated peopleoquğanlarınato their educated people
Locativeoquğanladain / at the educated peopleoquğanlarımdain / at my educated peopleoquğanlarıŋdain / at your educated peopleoquğanlarındain / at his educated peopleoquğanlarıbızdain / at our educated peopleoquğanlarığızdain / at you all's educated peopleoquğanlarındain / at their educated people
Ablativeoquğanladanfrom the educated peopleoquğanlarımdanfrom my educated peopleoquğanlarıŋdanfrom your educated peopleoquğanlarındanfrom his educated peopleoquğanlarıbızdanfrom our educated peopleoquğanlarığızdanfrom you all's educated peopleoquğanlarındanfrom their educated people

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: oquğanları can mean "his / her educated people", "their educated person", or "their educated people" — context decides.

Whose it is

Caseone thing, one ownerseveral things, one ownerone thing, several ownersseveral things, several owners
Nominativeoquğannıqıthe educated person's oneoquğannıqılathe educated person's onesoquğanlanıqıthe educated people's oneoquğanlanıqılathe educated people's ones
Genitiveoquğannıqınıof the educated person's oneoquğannıqılanıof the educated person's onesoquğanlanıqınıof the educated people's oneoquğanlanıqılanıof the educated people's ones
Accusativeoquğannıqınthe educated person's one (as the object)oquğannıqılanıthe educated person's ones (as the object)oquğanlanıqınthe educated people's one (as the object)oquğanlanıqılanıthe educated people's ones (as the object)
Dativeoquğannıqınato the educated person's oneoquğannıqılağato the educated person's onesoquğanlanıqınato the educated people's oneoquğanlanıqılağato the educated people's ones
Locativeoquğannıqındain / at the educated person's oneoquğannıqıladain / at the educated person's onesoquğanlanıqındain / at the educated people's oneoquğanlanıqıladain / at the educated people's ones
Ablativeoquğannıqındanfrom the educated person's oneoquğannıqıladanfrom the educated person's onesoquğanlanıqındanfrom the educated people's oneoquğanlanıqıladanfrom the educated people's ones

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.

Which reading? Look at what follows.

oquğan + nounthe one who reads (the noun is the doer)
oquğan + noun with an owner endingthe thing someone reads
oquğanı, nothing afterwhat someone reads
oquğanı under bilirge, körürgethat someone reads

Cases with an owner

The endings on oquğanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.

nominativeoquğanıhis / her having read
genitiveoquğanınıhis / her having read's
accusativeoquğanınhis / her having read
dativeoquğanınato his / her having read
locativeoquğanındawhen he / she read
ablativeoquğanındanafter he / she read

Negative

the negativeoqumağanthe one that didn't read
his / heroqumağanıhis / her not having read