musham
/musxam/ · plural mushamla
1. defect, shortcoming, flaw, imperfection
- mushamı bolmağan iş — a piece of work with no defect
- ullu musham — a great defect
- mushamnı keterirge — to remove the defect
2. mentally deficient, slow-witted, somewhat foolish
- musham adam — a slow-witted man
- musham sabiy — a backward child
- musham qart — a slow-witted old man
- aqıldan musham — slow of mind
- aqıldan tüldü musham — is not slow of mind
3. insufficient, falling short, less than needed
- kereklisinden musham bolğan — less than what is needed
- açhası kereklisinden mushamdı — his money falls short of what is needed
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mushamthe defect | mushamımmy defect | mushamıŋyour defect | mushamıhis defect | mushamıbızour defect | mushamığızyou all's defect | mushamlarıtheir defects |
| Genitive | mushamnıthe defect's | mushamımımy defect's | mushamıŋıyour defect's | mushamınıhis defect's | mushamıbıznıour defect's | mushamığıznıyou all's defect's | mushamlarınıtheir defects' |
| Accusative | mushamnıthe defect (as the object) | mushamımımy defect (as the object) | mushamıŋıyour defect (as the object) | mushamınhis defect (as the object) | mushamıbıznıour defect (as the object) | mushamığıznıyou all's defect (as the object) | mushamlarıntheir defects (as the object) |
| Dative | mushamğato the defect | mushamımato my defect | mushamıŋato your defect | mushamınato his defect | mushamıbızğato our defect | mushamığızğato you all's defect | mushamlarınato their defects |
| Locative | mushamdain / at the defect | mushamımdain / at my defect | mushamıŋdain / at your defect | mushamındain / at his defect | mushamıbızdain / at our defect | mushamığızdain / at you all's defect | mushamlarındain / at their defects |
| Ablative | mushamdanfrom the defect | mushamımdanfrom my defect | mushamıŋdanfrom your defect | mushamındanfrom his defect | mushamıbızdanfrom our defect | mushamığızdanfrom you all's defect | mushamlarındanfrom their defects |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mushamlathe defects | mushamlarımmy defects | mushamlarıŋyour defects | mushamlarıhis defects | mushamlarıbızour defects | mushamlarığızyou all's defects | mushamlarıtheir defects |
| Genitive | mushamlanıthe defects' | mushamlarımımy defects' | mushamlarıŋıyour defects' | mushamlarınıhis defects' | mushamlarıbıznıour defects' | mushamlarığıznıyou all's defects' | mushamlarınıtheir defects' |
| Accusative | mushamlanıthe defects (as the object) | mushamlarımımy defects (as the object) | mushamlarıŋıyour defects (as the object) | mushamlarınhis defects (as the object) | mushamlarıbıznıour defects (as the object) | mushamlarığıznıyou all's defects (as the object) | mushamlarıntheir defects (as the object) |
| Dative | mushamlağato the defects | mushamlarımato my defects | mushamlarıŋato your defects | mushamlarınato his defects | mushamlarıbızğato our defects | mushamlarığızğato you all's defects | mushamlarınato their defects |
| Locative | mushamladain / at the defects | mushamlarımdain / at my defects | mushamlarıŋdain / at your defects | mushamlarındain / at his defects | mushamlarıbızdain / at our defects | mushamlarığızdain / at you all's defects | mushamlarındain / at their defects |
| Ablative | mushamladanfrom the defects | mushamlarımdanfrom my defects | mushamlarıŋdanfrom your defects | mushamlarındanfrom his defects | mushamlarıbızdanfrom our defects | mushamlarığızdanfrom you all's defects | mushamlarındanfrom their defects |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: mushamları can mean "his / her defects", "their defect", or "their defects" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | mushammaI am mentally deficient | mushamsayou are mentally deficient | mushamdıhe is mentally deficient | mushambızwe are mentally deficient | mushamsızyou all are mentally deficient | mushamdılathey are mentally deficient |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden mushamdı — "compared to me, he is mentally deficient."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki mushamdımine is mentally deficient | seniki mushamdıyours is mentally deficient | anıqı mushamdıhis is mentally deficient | bizniki mushamdıours is mentally deficient | sizniki mushamdıyours (pl.) is mentally deficient | alanıqı mushamdıtheirs is mentally deficient |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile mushamdılamine are mentally deficient | senikile mushamdılayours are mentally deficient | anıqıla mushamdılahis are mentally deficient | biznikile mushamdılaours are mentally deficient | siznikile mushamdılayours (pl.) are mentally deficient | alanıqıla mushamdılatheirs are mentally deficient |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu mushamdı, bıla mushamdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".