mukkur
/mukkur/ · plural mukkurla
1. hump, hunch (on the back of a person or a camel) — Also of a camel's hump: tüeni mukkurları.
- sırtında mukkuru bardı — he has a hump on his back
- tüeni mukkurları — the camel's humps
- jaŋız mukkuru bolğan tüele — camels that have a single hump
2. hunchbacked, stooped, bent — Common in mukkur qart, a stooped old man. With bolurğa it means become stooped; with eterge it means make someone stoop.
- mukkur qart — a stooped old man
- mukkur adam — a hunchbacked person
- sırtı mukkur — his back stooped
- mukkur bolurğa — to become stooped
- mukkur boldu — it hunched up
- mukkur eterge — to make stoop, to bend
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mukkurthe hump | mukkurummy hump | mukkuruŋyour hump | mukkuruhis hump | mukkurubuzour hump | mukkuruğuzyou all's hump | mukkurlarıtheir humps |
| Genitive | mukkurnuthe hump's | mukkurumumy hump's | mukkuruŋuyour hump's | mukkurunuhis hump's | mukkurubuznuour hump's | mukkuruğuznuyou all's hump's | mukkurlarınıtheir humps' |
| Accusative | mukkurnuthe hump (as the object) | mukkurumumy hump (as the object) | mukkuruŋuyour hump (as the object) | mukkurunhis hump (as the object) | mukkurubuznuour hump (as the object) | mukkuruğuznuyou all's hump (as the object) | mukkurlarıntheir humps (as the object) |
| Dative | mukkurğato the hump | mukkurumato my hump | mukkuruŋato your hump | mukkurunato his hump | mukkurubuzğato our hump | mukkuruğuzğato you all's hump | mukkurlarınato their humps |
| Locative | mukkurdain / at the hump | mukkurumdain / at my hump | mukkuruŋdain / at your hump | mukkurundain / at his hump | mukkurubuzdain / at our hump | mukkuruğuzdain / at you all's hump | mukkurlarındain / at their humps |
| Ablative | mukkurdanfrom the hump | mukkurumdanfrom my hump | mukkuruŋdanfrom your hump | mukkurundanfrom his hump | mukkurubuzdanfrom our hump | mukkuruğuzdanfrom you all's hump | mukkurlarındanfrom their humps |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mukkurlathe humps | mukkurlarımmy humps | mukkurlarıŋyour humps | mukkurlarıhis humps | mukkurlarıbızour humps | mukkurlarığızyou all's humps | mukkurlarıtheir humps |
| Genitive | mukkurlanıthe humps' | mukkurlarımımy humps' | mukkurlarıŋıyour humps' | mukkurlarınıhis humps' | mukkurlarıbıznıour humps' | mukkurlarığıznıyou all's humps' | mukkurlarınıtheir humps' |
| Accusative | mukkurlanıthe humps (as the object) | mukkurlarımımy humps (as the object) | mukkurlarıŋıyour humps (as the object) | mukkurlarınhis humps (as the object) | mukkurlarıbıznıour humps (as the object) | mukkurlarığıznıyou all's humps (as the object) | mukkurlarıntheir humps (as the object) |
| Dative | mukkurlağato the humps | mukkurlarımato my humps | mukkurlarıŋato your humps | mukkurlarınato his humps | mukkurlarıbızğato our humps | mukkurlarığızğato you all's humps | mukkurlarınato their humps |
| Locative | mukkurladain / at the humps | mukkurlarımdain / at my humps | mukkurlarıŋdain / at your humps | mukkurlarındain / at his humps | mukkurlarıbızdain / at our humps | mukkurlarığızdain / at you all's humps | mukkurlarındain / at their humps |
| Ablative | mukkurladanfrom the humps | mukkurlarımdanfrom my humps | mukkurlarıŋdanfrom your humps | mukkurlarındanfrom his humps | mukkurlarıbızdanfrom our humps | mukkurlarığızdanfrom you all's humps | mukkurlarındanfrom their humps |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: mukkurları can mean "his / her humps", "their hump", or "their humps" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | mukkurmaI am hunchbacked | mukkursayou are hunchbacked | mukkurduhe is hunchbacked | mukkurbuzwe are hunchbacked | mukkursuzyou all are hunchbacked | mukkurdulathey are hunchbacked |
| comparative — more | mukkururaqmaI am more hunchbacked | mukkururaqsayou are more hunchbacked | mukkururaqdıhe is more hunchbacked | mukkururaqbızwe are more hunchbacked | mukkururaqsızyou all are more hunchbacked | mukkururaqdılathey are more hunchbacked |
| intensifier — very | bek mukkurmaI am very hunchbacked | bek mukkursayou are very hunchbacked | bek mukkurduhe is very hunchbacked | bek mukkurbuzwe are very hunchbacked | bek mukkursuzyou all are very hunchbacked | bek mukkurdulathey are very hunchbacked |
| superlative — most | em mukkurmaI am the most hunchbacked | em mukkursayou are the most hunchbacked | em mukkurduhe is the most hunchbacked | em mukkurbuzwe are the most hunchbacked | em mukkursuzyou all are the most hunchbacked | em mukkurdulathey are the most hunchbacked |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden mukkurdu — "compared to me, he is hunchbacked."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki mukkurdumine is hunchbacked | seniki mukkurduyours is hunchbacked | anıqı mukkurduhis is hunchbacked | bizniki mukkurduours is hunchbacked | sizniki mukkurduyours (pl.) is hunchbacked | alanıqı mukkurdutheirs is hunchbacked |
| comparative — more | meniki mukkururaqdımine is more hunchbacked | seniki mukkururaqdıyours is more hunchbacked | anıqı mukkururaqdıhis is more hunchbacked | bizniki mukkururaqdıours is more hunchbacked | sizniki mukkururaqdıyours (pl.) is more hunchbacked | alanıqı mukkururaqdıtheirs is more hunchbacked |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek mukkurdumine is very hunchbacked | seniki bek mukkurduyours is very hunchbacked | anıqı bek mukkurduhis is very hunchbacked | bizniki bek mukkurduours is very hunchbacked | sizniki bek mukkurduyours (pl.) is very hunchbacked | alanıqı bek mukkurdutheirs is very hunchbacked |
| superlative — most | meniki em mukkurdumine is the most hunchbacked | seniki em mukkurduyours is the most hunchbacked | anıqı em mukkurduhis is the most hunchbacked | bizniki em mukkurduours is the most hunchbacked | sizniki em mukkurduyours (pl.) is the most hunchbacked | alanıqı em mukkurdutheirs is the most hunchbacked |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile mukkurdulamine are hunchbacked | senikile mukkurdulayours are hunchbacked | anıqıla mukkurdulahis are hunchbacked | biznikile mukkurdulaours are hunchbacked | siznikile mukkurdulayours (pl.) are hunchbacked | alanıqıla mukkurdulatheirs are hunchbacked |
| comparative — more | menikile mukkururaqdılamine are more hunchbacked | senikile mukkururaqdılayours are more hunchbacked | anıqıla mukkururaqdılahis are more hunchbacked | biznikile mukkururaqdılaours are more hunchbacked | siznikile mukkururaqdılayours (pl.) are more hunchbacked | alanıqıla mukkururaqdılatheirs are more hunchbacked |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek mukkurdulamine are very hunchbacked | senikile bek mukkurdulayours are very hunchbacked | anıqıla bek mukkurdulahis are very hunchbacked | biznikile bek mukkurdulaours are very hunchbacked | siznikile bek mukkurdulayours (pl.) are very hunchbacked | alanıqıla bek mukkurdulatheirs are very hunchbacked |
| superlative — most | menikile em mukkurdulamine are the most hunchbacked | senikile em mukkurdulayours are the most hunchbacked | anıqıla em mukkurdulahis are the most hunchbacked | biznikile em mukkurdulaours are the most hunchbacked | siznikile em mukkurdulayours (pl.) are the most hunchbacked | alanıqıla em mukkurdulatheirs are the most hunchbacked |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu mukkurdu, bıla mukkurdula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".