küwşenirge
/kywʃenirɡe/
1. chew the cud, ruminate
- iynek küwşenedi — the cow is chewing the cud
- arbazda küwşenib jathan iynek — a cow lying in the yard chewing the cud
- küwşene, jata, stawatha jaraşdıla — chewing the cud and lying down, they settled into the cattle shed
- mal küwşenib turadı — the animal keeps chewing the cud
2. graze slowly, pick at fodder, eat slowly one source
- qoy küwşenib turadı — the sheep keeps picking slowly at its fodder
- küwşenib otlaydı — it grazes slowly
- mal aşın küwşenedi — the animal eats its feed slowly
3. nibble, have a light bite, pick at food — Often said with mild displeasure, as if eating whatever is at hand for want of anything better to do. one source
- küwşenirge küreşe turabız — we just sit here trying to have a bite
- küwşenib olturadıla — they sit picking at their food
- bir kesek küwşenirge — to have a light bite
- küwşenŋeniŋi buzmazğa — not to break off one's chewing, to take no notice
Expressions
- küwşenŋenin buzmazğa — carry on unchanged
Conjugation
Common forms
- küwşenedihe is chewing the cud
- küwşendihe chewed the cud
- küwşenŋendihe has chewed the cud
- küwşenirhe will chew the cud
- küwşennikdihe is going to chew the cud
- küwşene edihe was chewing the cud
- küwşenseif he chews the cud
- küwşen!chew the cud!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküwşenemeI am chewing the cud | senküwşeneseyou are chewing the cud | olküwşenedihe is chewing the cud | bizküwşenebizwe are chewing the cud | sizküwşenesizyou all are chewing the cud | alaküwşenedilethey are chewing the cud |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküwşenmeymeI am not chewing the cud | senküwşenmeyseyou are not chewing the cud | olküwşenmeydihe is not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmeybizwe are not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmeysizyou all are not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmeydilethey are not chewing the cud |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküwşenememi? küwşenemime?am I chewing the cud? | senküwşenemise?are you chewing the cud? | olküwşenemidi?is he chewing the cud? | bizküwşenebizmi? küwşenemibiz?are we chewing the cud? | sizküwşenemisiz?are you all chewing the cud? | alaküwşenemidile?are they chewing the cud? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menküwşenmeymemi? küwşenmeymime?aren't I chewing the cud? | senküwşenmeymise?aren't you chewing the cud? | olküwşenmeymidi?isn't he chewing the cud? | bizküwşenmeybizmi? küwşenmeymibiz?aren't we chewing the cud? | sizküwşenmeymisiz?aren't you all chewing the cud? | alaküwşenmeymidile?aren't they chewing the cud? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküwşeniwçenmeI usually chew the cud | senküwşeniwçenseyou usually chew the cud | olküwşeniwçendihe usually chews the cud | bizküwşeniwçenbizwe usually chew the cud | sizküwşeniwçensizyou all usually chew the cud | alaküwşeniwçendilethey usually chew the cud |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküwşenmewçenmeI usually don't chew the cud | senküwşenmewçenseyou usually don't chew the cud | olküwşenmewçendihe usually doesn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmewçenbizwe usually don't chew the cud | sizküwşenmewçensizyou all usually don't chew the cud | alaküwşenmewçendilethey usually don't chew the cud |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküwşeniwçenmemi? küwşeniwçenmime?do I usually chew the cud? | senküwşeniwçenmise?do you usually chew the cud? | olküwşeniwçenmidi?does he usually chew the cud? | bizküwşeniwçenbizmi? küwşeniwçenmibiz?do we usually chew the cud? | sizküwşeniwçenmisiz?do you all usually chew the cud? | alaküwşeniwçenmidile?do they usually chew the cud? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menküwşenmewçenmemi? küwşenmewçenmime?do I usually not chew the cud? | senküwşenmewçenmise?do you usually not chew the cud? | olküwşenmewçenmidi?does he usually not chew the cud? | bizküwşenmewçenbizmi? küwşenmewçenmibiz?do we usually not chew the cud? | sizküwşenmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not chew the cud? | alaküwşenmewçenmidile?do they usually not chew the cud? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olküwşenibdihe has chewed the cud and remains so | alaküwşenibdilethey have chewed the cud and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olküwşenibmidi?has he chewed the cud? | alaküwşenibmidile?have they chewed the cud? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküwşenib turamaI keep chewing the cud | senküwşenib turasayou keep chewing the cud | olküwşenib turadıhe keeps chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turabızwe keep chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turasızyou all keep chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turadılathey keep chewing the cud |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküwşenib turmaymaI don't keep chewing the cud | senküwşenib turmaysayou don't keep chewing the cud | olküwşenib turmaydıhe doesn't keep chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turmaybızwe don't keep chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turmaysızyou all don't keep chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turmaydılathey don't keep chewing the cud |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküwşenib turamamı? küwşenib turamıma?do I keep chewing the cud? | senküwşenib turamısa?do you keep chewing the cud? | olküwşenib turamıdı?does he keep chewing the cud? | bizküwşenib turabızmı? küwşenib turamıbız?do we keep chewing the cud? | sizküwşenib turamısız?do you all keep chewing the cud? | alaküwşenib turamıdıla?do they keep chewing the cud? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menküwşenib turmaymamı? küwşenib turmaymıma?don't I keep chewing the cud? | senküwşenib turmaymısa?don't you keep chewing the cud? | olküwşenib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chewing the cud? | bizküwşenib turmaybızmı? küwşenib turmaymıbız?don't we keep chewing the cud? | sizküwşenib turmaymısız?don't you all keep chewing the cud? | alaküwşenib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chewing the cud? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküwşene turamaI am in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene turasayou are in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene turadıhe is in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene turabızwe are in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene turasızyou all are in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene turadılathey are in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküwşene turmaymaI am not in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene turmaysayou are not in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküwşene turamamı? küwşene turamıma?am I in the middle of chewing the cud? | senküwşene turamısa?are you in the middle of chewing the cud? | olküwşene turamıdı?is he in the middle of chewing the cud? | bizküwşene turabızmı? küwşene turamıbız?are we in the middle of chewing the cud? | sizküwşene turamısız?are you all in the middle of chewing the cud? | alaküwşene turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chewing the cud? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküwşene turmaymamı? küwşene turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chewing the cud? | senküwşene turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chewing the cud? | olküwşene turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chewing the cud? | bizküwşene turmaybızmı? küwşene turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chewing the cud? | sizküwşene turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chewing the cud? | alaküwşene turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chewing the cud? |
| Simple past (definite) | menküwşendimI chewed the cud | senküwşendiŋyou chewed the cud | olküwşendihe chewed the cud | bizküwşendikwe chewed the cud | sizküwşendigizyou all chewed the cud | alaküwşendilethey chewed the cud |
| Simple past (definite) | menküwşenmedimI didn't chew the cud | senküwşenmediŋyou didn't chew the cud | olküwşenmedihe didn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmedikwe didn't chew the cud | sizküwşenmedigizyou all didn't chew the cud | alaküwşenmedilethey didn't chew the cud |
| Simple past (definite) | menküwşendimmi?did I chew the cud? | senküwşendiŋmi?did you chew the cud? | olküwşendimi?did he chew the cud? | bizküwşendikmi?did we chew the cud? | sizküwşendigizmi?did you all chew the cud? | alaküwşendilemi?did they chew the cud? |
| Simple past (definite) | menküwşenmedimmi?didn't I chew the cud? | senküwşenmediŋmi?didn't you chew the cud? | olküwşenmedimi?didn't he chew the cud? | bizküwşenmedikmi?didn't we chew the cud? | sizküwşenmedigizmi?didn't you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenmedilemi?didn't they chew the cud? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküwşenŋenmeI have chewed the cud | senküwşenŋenseyou have chewed the cud | olküwşenŋendihe has chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋenbizwe have chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋensizyou all have chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋendilethey have chewed the cud |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküwşenmegenmeI haven't chewed the cud | senküwşenmegenseyou haven't chewed the cud | olküwşenmegendihe hasn't chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegenbizwe haven't chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegensizyou all haven't chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegendilethey haven't chewed the cud |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküwşenŋenmemi? küwşenŋenmime?have I chewed the cud? | senküwşenŋenmise?have you chewed the cud? | olküwşenŋenmidi?has he chewed the cud? | bizküwşenŋenbizmi? küwşenŋenmibiz?have we chewed the cud? | sizküwşenŋenmisiz?have you all chewed the cud? | alaküwşenŋenmidile?have they chewed the cud? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menküwşenmegenmemi? küwşenmegenmime?haven't I chewed the cud? | senküwşenmegenmise?haven't you chewed the cud? | olküwşenmegenmidi?hasn't he chewed the cud? | bizküwşenmegenbizmi? küwşenmegenmibiz?haven't we chewed the cud? | sizküwşenmegenmisiz?haven't you all chewed the cud? | alaküwşenmegenmidile?haven't they chewed the cud? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menküwşenib turdumI kept chewing the cud | senküwşenib turduŋyou kept chewing the cud | olküwşenib turduhe kept chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turduqwe kept chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turduğuzyou all kept chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turdulathey kept chewing the cud |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menküwşenib turmadımI didn't keep chewing the cud | senküwşenib turmadıŋyou didn't keep chewing the cud | olküwşenib turmadıhe didn't keep chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turmadıqwe didn't keep chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turmadığızyou all didn't keep chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turmadılathey didn't keep chewing the cud |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküwşenirmeI will chew the cud | senküwşenirseyou will chew the cud | olküwşenirhe will chew the cud | bizküwşenirbizwe will chew the cud | sizküwşenirsizyou all will chew the cud | alaküwşenirlethey will chew the cud |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküwşenmezmeI won't chew the cud | senküwşenmezseyou won't chew the cud | olküwşenmezhe won't chew the cud | bizküwşenmezbizwe won't chew the cud | sizküwşenmezsizyou all won't chew the cud | alaküwşenmezlethey won't chew the cud |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküwşenirmemi? küwşenirmime?will I chew the cud? | senküwşenirmise?will you chew the cud? | olküwşenirmi?will he chew the cud? | bizküwşenirbizmi? küwşenirmibiz?will we chew the cud? | sizküwşenirmisiz?will you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenirlemi? küwşenirmile?will they chew the cud? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menküwşenmezmemi? küwşenmezmime?won't I chew the cud? | senküwşenmezmise?won't you chew the cud? | olküwşenmezmi?won't he chew the cud? | bizküwşenmezbizmi? küwşenmezmibiz?won't we chew the cud? | sizküwşenmezmisiz?won't you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenmezlemi? küwşenmezmile?won't they chew the cud? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküwşennikme1küwşenirikmeI am going to chew the cud | senküwşennikse1küwşenirikseyou are going to chew the cud | olküwşennikdi1küwşenirikdihe is going to chew the cud | bizküwşennikbiz1küwşenirikbizwe are going to chew the cud | sizküwşenniksiz1küwşeniriksizyou all are going to chew the cud | alaküwşennikdile1küwşenirikdilethey are going to chew the cud |
| Definite future (future II) | menküwşennik tülme1küwşenirik tülmeI am not going to chew the cud | senküwşennik tülse1küwşenirik tülseyou are not going to chew the cud | olküwşennik tüldü1küwşenirik tüldühe is not going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik tülbüz1küwşenirik tülbüzwe are not going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik tülsüz1küwşenirik tülsüzyou all are not going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik tüldüle1küwşenirik tüldülethey are not going to chew the cud |
| Definite future (future II) | menküwşennikmemi?1 küwşennikmime?küwşenirikmemi?am I going to chew the cud? | senküwşennikmise?1küwşenirikmise?are you going to chew the cud? | olküwşennikmidi?1küwşenirikmidi?is he going to chew the cud? | bizküwşennikbizmi?1 küwşennikmibiz?küwşenirikbizmi?are we going to chew the cud? | sizküwşennikmisiz?1küwşenirikmisiz?are you all going to chew the cud? | alaküwşennikmidile?1küwşenirikmidile?are they going to chew the cud? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküwşennik tülmüme?1küwşenirik tülmüme?aren't I going to chew the cud? | senküwşennik tülmüse?1küwşenirik tülmüse?aren't you going to chew the cud? | olküwşennik tülmüdü?1küwşenirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to chew the cud? | bizküwşennik tülmübüz?1küwşenirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to chew the cud? | sizküwşennik tülmüsüz?1küwşenirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chew the cud? | alaküwşennik tülmüdüle?1küwşenirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chew the cud? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so küwşenirikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menküwşenŋen edimküwşenŋenemI had chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen ediŋküwşenŋeneŋyou had chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen ediküwşenŋenedhe had chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen edikküwşenŋenekwe had chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen edigizküwşenŋenegizyou all had chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen edileküwşenŋenellethey had chewed the cud |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menküwşenmegen edimküwşenmegenemI hadn't chewed the cud | senküwşenmegen ediŋküwşenmegeneŋyou hadn't chewed the cud | olküwşenmegen ediküwşenmegenedhe hadn't chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegen edikküwşenmegenekwe hadn't chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegen edigizküwşenmegenegizyou all hadn't chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegen edileküwşenmegenellethey hadn't chewed the cud |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküwşene edimküwşenemI was chewing the cud | senküwşene ediŋküwşeneŋyou were chewing the cud | olküwşene ediküwşenedhe was chewing the cud | bizküwşene edikküwşenekwe were chewing the cud | sizküwşene edigizküwşenegizyou all were chewing the cud | alaküwşene edileküwşenellethey were chewing the cud |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküwşenmey edimküwşenmeyemI wasn't chewing the cud | senküwşenmey ediŋküwşenmeyeŋyou weren't chewing the cud | olküwşenmey ediküwşenmeyedhe wasn't chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey edikküwşenmeyekwe weren't chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey edigizküwşenmeyegizyou all weren't chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey edileküwşenmeyellethey weren't chewing the cud |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menküwşeniwçen edimküwşeniwçenemI used to chew the cud | senküwşeniwçen ediŋküwşeniwçeneŋyou used to chew the cud | olküwşeniwçen ediküwşeniwçenedhe used to chew the cud | bizküwşeniwçen edikküwşeniwçenekwe used to chew the cud | sizküwşeniwçen edigizküwşeniwçenegizyou all used to chew the cud | alaküwşeniwçen edileküwşeniwçenellethey used to chew the cud |
| Habitual past (used to) | menküwşenmewçen edimküwşenmewçenemI didn't use to chew the cud | senküwşenmewçen ediŋküwşenmewçeneŋyou didn't use to chew the cud | olküwşenmewçen ediküwşenmewçenedhe didn't use to chew the cud | bizküwşenmewçen edikküwşenmewçenekwe didn't use to chew the cud | sizküwşenmewçen edigizküwşenmewçenegizyou all didn't use to chew the cud | alaküwşenmewçen edileküwşenmewçenellethey didn't use to chew the cud |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olküwşenib edihe had chewed the cud and remained so | alaküwşenib edilethey had chewed the cud and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olküwşenib tül edihe hadn't chewed the cud | alaküwşenib tül edilethey hadn't chewed the cud | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menküwşenib tura edimküwşenib turaemI had kept chewing the cud | senküwşenib tura ediŋküwşenib turaeŋyou had kept chewing the cud | olküwşenib tura ediküwşenib turaedhe had kept chewing the cud | bizküwşenib tura edikküwşenib turaekwe had kept chewing the cud | sizküwşenib tura edigizküwşenib turaegizyou all had kept chewing the cud | alaküwşenib tura edileküwşenib turaellethey had kept chewing the cud |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menküwşenib turmay edimküwşenib turmayemI hadn't kept chewing the cud | senküwşenib turmay ediŋküwşenib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chewing the cud | olküwşenib turmay ediküwşenib turmayedhe hadn't kept chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turmay edikküwşenib turmayekwe hadn't kept chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turmay edigizküwşenib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turmay edileküwşenib turmayellethey hadn't kept chewing the cud |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküwşene tura edimküwşene turaemI was in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene tura ediŋküwşene turaeŋyou were in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene tura ediküwşene turaedhe was in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene tura edikküwşene turaekwe were in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene tura edigizküwşene turaegizyou all were in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene tura edileküwşene turaellethey were in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküwşene turmay edimküwşene turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene turmay ediŋküwşene turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene turmay ediküwşene turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene turmay edikküwşene turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene turmay edigizküwşene turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene turmay edileküwşene turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menküwşenir edimküwşenir emI would chew the cud | senküwşenir ediŋküwşenir eŋyou would chew the cud | olküwşenir ediküwşenir edhe would chew the cud | bizküwşenir edikküwşenir ekwe would chew the cud | sizküwşenir edigizküwşenir egizyou all would chew the cud | alaküwşenir edileküwşenir ellethey would chew the cud |
| Conditional result (would) | menküwşenmez edimküwşenmez emI wouldn't chew the cud | senküwşenmez ediŋküwşenmez eŋyou wouldn't chew the cud | olküwşenmez ediküwşenmez edhe wouldn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmez edikküwşenmez ekwe wouldn't chew the cud | sizküwşenmez edigizküwşenmez egizyou all wouldn't chew the cud | alaküwşenmez edileküwşenmez ellethey wouldn't chew the cud |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküwşennik edim2küwşennik emküwşenirik edimI would have chewed the cud | senküwşennik ediŋ2küwşennik eŋküwşenirik ediŋyou would have chewed the cud | olküwşennik edi2küwşennik edküwşenirik edihe would have chewed the cud | bizküwşennik edik2küwşennik ekküwşenirik edikwe would have chewed the cud | sizküwşennik edigiz2küwşennik egizküwşenirik edigizyou all would have chewed the cud | alaküwşennik edile2küwşennik elleküwşenirik edilethey would have chewed the cud |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküwşennik tül edim2küwşennik tül emküwşenirik tül edimI wouldn't have chewed the cud | senküwşennik tül ediŋ2küwşennik tül eŋküwşenirik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have chewed the cud | olküwşennik tül edi2küwşennik tül edküwşenirik tül edihe wouldn't have chewed the cud | bizküwşennik tül edik2küwşennik tül ekküwşenirik tül edikwe wouldn't have chewed the cud | sizküwşennik tül edigiz2küwşennik tül egizküwşenirik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have chewed the cud | alaküwşennik tül edile2küwşennik tül elleküwşenirik tül edilethey wouldn't have chewed the cud |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so küwşenirik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menküwşensemif I chew the cud | senküwşenseŋif you chew the cud | olküwşenseif he chews the cud | bizküwşensekif we chew the cud | sizküwşensegizif you all chew the cud | alaküwşenseleif they chew the cud |
| Conditional | menküwşenmesemif I don't chew the cud | senküwşenmeseŋif you don't chew the cud | olküwşenmeseif he doesn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmesekif we don't chew the cud | sizküwşenmesegizif you all don't chew the cud | alaküwşenmeseleif they don't chew the cud |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menküwşene esemif I am chewing the cud | senküwşene eseŋif you are chewing the cud | olküwşene eseif he is chewing the cud | bizküwşene esekif we are chewing the cud | sizküwşene esegizif you all are chewing the cud | alaküwşene eseleif they are chewing the cud |
| Conditional, present real | menküwşenmey esemif I am not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey eseŋif you are not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey eseif he is not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey esekif we are not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey esegizif you all are not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey eseleif they are not chewing the cud |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menküwşensem ediküwşensem edif only I chewed the cud | senküwşenseŋ ediküwşenseŋ edif only you chewed the cud | olküwşense ediküwşensedif only he chewed the cud | bizküwşensek ediküwşensek edif only we chewed the cud | sizküwşensegiz ediküwşensegiz edif only you all chewed the cud | alaküwşensele ediküwşenseledif only they chewed the cud |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menküwşenmesem ediküwşenmesem edif only I didn't chew the cud | senküwşenmeseŋ ediküwşenmeseŋ edif only you didn't chew the cud | olküwşenmese ediküwşenmesedif only he didn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmesek ediküwşenmesek edif only we didn't chew the cud | sizküwşenmesegiz ediküwşenmesegiz edif only you all didn't chew the cud | alaküwşenmesele ediküwşenmeseledif only they didn't chew the cud |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menküwşenib tursamif I carry on chewing the cud | senküwşenib tursaŋif you carry on chewing the cud | olküwşenib tursaif he carries on chewing the cud | bizküwşenib tursaqif we carry on chewing the cud | sizküwşenib tursağızif you all carry on chewing the cud | alaküwşenib tursalaif they carry on chewing the cud |
| Durative conditional | menküwşenib turmasamif I don't carry on chewing the cud | senküwşenib turmasaŋif you don't carry on chewing the cud | olküwşenib turmasaif he doesn't carry on chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turmasaqif we don't carry on chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turmasağızif you all don't carry on chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turmasalaif they don't carry on chewing the cud |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menküwşenib tura esemif I have kept chewing the cud | senküwşenib tura eseŋif you have kept chewing the cud | olküwşenib tura eseif he has kept chewing the cud | bizküwşenib tura esekif we have kept chewing the cud | sizküwşenib tura esegizif you all have kept chewing the cud | alaküwşenib tura eseleif they have kept chewing the cud |
| Durative conditional, present real | menküwşenib turmay esemif I haven't kept chewing the cud | senküwşenib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chewing the cud | olküwşenib turmay eseif he hasn't kept chewing the cud | bizküwşenib turmay esekif we haven't kept chewing the cud | sizküwşenib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chewing the cud | alaküwşenib turmay eseleif they haven't kept chewing the cud |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menküwşene tursamif I keep chewing the cud | senküwşene tursaŋif you keep chewing the cud | olküwşene tursaif he keeps chewing the cud | bizküwşene tursaqif we keep chewing the cud | sizküwşene tursağızif you all keep chewing the cud | alaküwşene tursalaif they keep chewing the cud |
| Progressive conditional | menküwşenmey tursamif I keep on not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey tursaŋif you keep on not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey tursaif he keeps on not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey tursaqif we keep on not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey tursağızif you all keep on not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey tursalaif they keep on not chewing the cud |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküwşene tura esemif I am in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene tura eseif he is in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene tura esekif we are in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene tura eseleif they are in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküwşenmey tura esemif I keep on not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey tura eseŋif you keep on not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey tura eseif he keeps on not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey tura esekif we keep on not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey tura esegizif you all keep on not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey tura eseleif they keep on not chewing the cud |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menküwşendim esemif I chewed the cud | senküwşendiŋ eseŋif you chewed the cud | olküwşendi eseif he chewed the cud | bizküwşendik esekif we chewed the cud | sizküwşendigiz esegizif you all chewed the cud | alaküwşendile eseleif they chewed the cud |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menküwşenmedim esemif I didn't chew the cud | senküwşenmediŋ eseŋif you didn't chew the cud | olküwşenmedi eseif he didn't chew the cud | bizküwşenmedik esekif we didn't chew the cud | sizküwşenmedigiz esegizif you all didn't chew the cud | alaküwşenmedile eseleif they didn't chew the cud |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menküwşenŋen esemif I did chew the cud (indeed) | senküwşenŋen eseŋif you did chew the cud (indeed) | olküwşenŋen eseif he did chew the cud (indeed) | bizküwşenŋen esekif we did chew the cud (indeed) | sizküwşenŋen esegizif you all did chew the cud (indeed) | alaküwşenŋen eseleif they did chew the cud (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menküwşenmegen esemif I didn't chew the cud (indeed) | senküwşenmegen eseŋif you didn't chew the cud (indeed) | olküwşenmegen eseif he didn't chew the cud (indeed) | bizküwşenmegen esekif we didn't chew the cud (indeed) | sizküwşenmegen esegizif you all didn't chew the cud (indeed) | alaküwşenmegen eseleif they didn't chew the cud (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menküwşenŋen bolsamif I had chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen bolsaŋif you had chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen bolsaif he had chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen bolsaqif we had chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen bolsağızif you all had chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen bolsalaif they had chewed the cud |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menküwşenmegen bolsamif I hadn't chewed the cud | senküwşenmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't chewed the cud | olküwşenmegen bolsaif he hadn't chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegen bolsaqif we hadn't chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegen bolsalaif they hadn't chewed the cud |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menküwşenŋen bolsam ediküwşenŋen bolsam edif only I had chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen bolsaŋ ediküwşenŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen bolsa ediküwşenŋen bolsaedif only he had chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen bolsaq ediküwşenŋen bolsaq edif only we had chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen bolsağız ediküwşenŋen bolsağız edif only you all had chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen bolsala ediküwşenŋen bolsalaedif only they had chewed the cud |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menküwşenmegen bolsam ediküwşenmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't chewed the cud | senküwşenmegen bolsaŋ ediküwşenmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chewed the cud | olküwşenmegen bolsa ediküwşenmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegen bolsaq ediküwşenmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegen bolsağız ediküwşenmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegen bolsala ediküwşenmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't chewed the cud |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menküwşenir esemif I will chew the cud | senküwşenir eseŋif you will chew the cud | olküwşenir eseif he will chew the cud | bizküwşenir esekif we will chew the cud | sizküwşenir esegizif you all will chew the cud | alaküwşenir eseleif they will chew the cud |
| Conditional, aorist | menküwşenmez esemif I won't chew the cud | senküwşenmez eseŋif you won't chew the cud | olküwşenmez eseif he won't chew the cud | bizküwşenmez esekif we won't chew the cud | sizküwşenmez esegizif you all won't chew the cud | alaküwşenmez eseleif they won't chew the cud |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menküwşennik esem4küwşenirik esemif I am going to chew the cud | senküwşennik eseŋ4küwşenirik eseŋif you are going to chew the cud | olküwşennik ese4küwşenirik eseif he is going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik esek4küwşenirik esekif we are going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik esegiz4küwşenirik esegizif you all are going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik esele4küwşenirik eseleif they are going to chew the cud |
| Conditional, future | menküwşennik tül esem4küwşenirik tül esemif I am not going to chew the cud | senküwşennik tül eseŋ4küwşenirik tül eseŋif you are not going to chew the cud | olküwşennik tül ese4küwşenirik tül eseif he is not going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik tül esek4küwşenirik tül esekif we are not going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik tül esegiz4küwşenirik tül esegizif you all are not going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik tül esele4küwşenirik tül eseleif they are not going to chew the cud |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküwşennik bolsam5küwşenirik bolsamif I were going to chew the cud | senküwşennik bolsaŋ5küwşenirik bolsaŋif you were going to chew the cud | olküwşennik bolsa5küwşenirik bolsaif he were going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik bolsaq5küwşenirik bolsaqif we were going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik bolsağız5küwşenirik bolsağızif you all were going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik bolsala5küwşenirik bolsalaif they were going to chew the cud |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküwşenmezlik bolsamif I were not going to chew the cud | senküwşenmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to chew the cud | olküwşenmezlik bolsaif he were not going to chew the cud | bizküwşenmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to chew the cud | sizküwşenmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to chew the cud | alaküwşenmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to chew the cud |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso küwşendiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so küwşenirik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so küwşenirik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküwşene bolurmaI must be chewing the cud | senküwşene bolursayou must be chewing the cud | olküwşene bolurhe must be chewing the cud | bizküwşene bolurbuzwe must be chewing the cud | sizküwşene bolursuzyou all must be chewing the cud | alaküwşene bolurlathey must be chewing the cud |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküwşenmey bolurmaI must not be chewing the cud | senküwşenmey bolursayou must not be chewing the cud | olküwşenmey bolurhe must not be chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey bolurbuzwe must not be chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey bolursuzyou all must not be chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey bolurlathey must not be chewing the cud |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküwşene tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküwşenmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey tura bolursayou must keep on not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey tura bolurhe must keep on not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not chewing the cud |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menküwşenŋen bolurmaI must have chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen bolursayou must have chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen bolurhe must have chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen bolurbuzwe must have chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen bolursuzyou all must have chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen bolurlathey must have chewed the cud |
| Inference (must have) | menküwşenmegen bolurmaI must not have chewed the cud | senküwşenmegen bolursayou must not have chewed the cud | olküwşenmegen bolurhe must not have chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegen bolurbuzwe must not have chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegen bolursuzyou all must not have chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegen bolurlathey must not have chewed the cud |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküwşennik bolurma6küwşenirik bolurmaI must be going to chew the cud | senküwşennik bolursa6küwşenirik bolursayou must be going to chew the cud | olküwşennik bolur6küwşenirik bolurhe must be going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik bolurbuz6küwşenirik bolurbuzwe must be going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik bolursuz6küwşenirik bolursuzyou all must be going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik bolurla6küwşenirik bolurlathey must be going to chew the cud |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküwşenmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to chew the cud | senküwşenmezlik bolursayou must not be going to chew the cud | olküwşenmezlik bolurhe must not be going to chew the cud | bizküwşenmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to chew the cud | sizküwşenmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to chew the cud | alaküwşenmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to chew the cud |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so küwşenirik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menküwşeneyimlet me chew the cud | senküwşen!chew the cud! | olküwşensinlet him chew the cud | bizküwşeneyiklet's chew the cud | sizküwşenigiz!chew the cud, you all! | alaküwşensinlelet them chew the cud |
| Commands & suggestions | menküwşenmeyimlet me not chew the cud | senküwşenme!don't chew the cud! | olküwşenmesinlet him not chew the cud | bizküwşenmeyiklet's not chew the cud | sizküwşenmegiz!don't chew the cud, you all! | alaküwşenmesinlelet them not chew the cud |
| Commands & suggestions | menküwşeneyimmi?shall I chew the cud? | olküwşensinmi?should he chew the cud? | bizküwşeneyikmi?shall we chew the cud? | alaküwşensinlemi?should they chew the cud? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menküwşenmeyimmi?shall I not chew the cud? | olküwşenmesinmi?should he not chew the cud? | bizküwşenmeyikmi?shall we not chew the cud? | alaküwşenmesinlemi?should they not chew the cud? | ||
| Requests | senküwşençi7küwşençinplease chew the cud | olküwşensinçido let him chew the cud | sizküwşençigizplease chew the cud (plural/polite) | alaküwşensinleçido let them chew the cud | ||
| Requests | senküwşenmeçi7küwşenmeçinplease don't chew the cud | olküwşenmesinçido let him not chew the cud | sizküwşenmeçigizplease don't chew the cud (plural/polite) | alaküwşenmesinleçido let them not chew the cud | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senküwşenŋinküwşenŋimay you chew the cud | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senküwşenmeginküwşenmegimay you not chew the cud | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menküwşenŋey edim küwşenŋe edimwould that I chewed the cud | senküwşenŋey ediŋ küwşenŋe ediŋwould that you chewed the cud | olküwşenŋey edi küwşenŋe ediwould that he chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋey edik küwşenŋe edikwould that we chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋey edigiz küwşenŋe edigizwould that you all chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋey edile küwşenŋe edilewould that they chewed the cud |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menküwşenmegey edim küwşenmege edimwould that I did not chew the cud | senküwşenmegey ediŋ küwşenmege ediŋwould that you did not chew the cud | olküwşenmegey edi küwşenmege ediwould that he did not chew the cud | bizküwşenmegey edik küwşenmege edikwould that we did not chew the cud | sizküwşenmegey edigiz küwşenmege edigizwould that you all did not chew the cud | alaküwşenmegey edile küwşenmege edilewould that they did not chew the cud |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menküwşenmege qoyayımküwşenme qoyayımlet me allow someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoy!küwşenme qoy!let someone chew the cud! | olküwşenmege qoysunküwşenme qoysunlet him allow someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoyayıqküwşenme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoyuğuz!küwşenme qoyuğuz!let someone chew the cud, you all! | alaküwşenmege qoysunlaküwşenme qoysunlalet them allow someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (commands) | menküwşenmege qoymayımküwşenme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoyma!küwşenme qoyma!don't let someone chew the cud! | olküwşenmege qoymasınküwşenme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoymayıqküwşenme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoymağız!küwşenme qoymağız!don't let someone chew the cud, you all! | alaküwşenmege qoymasınlaküwşenme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (commands) | menküwşenmege qoyayımmı?küwşenme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoysunmu?küwşenme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoyayıqmı?küwşenme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoysunlamı?küwşenme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chew the cud? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menküwşenmege qoymayımmı?küwşenme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoymasınmı?küwşenme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoymayıqmı?küwşenme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoymasınlamı?küwşenme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chew the cud? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menküwşenmege qoyamaküwşenme qoyamaI allow someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoyasaküwşenme qoyasayou allow someone to chew the cud | olküwşenmege qoyadıküwşenme qoyadıhe allows someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoyabızküwşenme qoyabızwe allow someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoyasızküwşenme qoyasızyou all allow someone to chew the cud | alaküwşenmege qoyadılaküwşenme qoyadılathey allow someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (present) | menküwşenmege qoymaymaküwşenme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoymaysaküwşenme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chew the cud | olküwşenmege qoymaydıküwşenme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoymaybızküwşenme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoymaysızküwşenme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chew the cud | alaküwşenmege qoymaydılaküwşenme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (present) | menküwşenmege qoyamamı?küwşenme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chew the cud? | senküwşenmege qoyamısa?küwşenme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoyamıdı?küwşenme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoyabızmı?küwşenme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chew the cud? | sizküwşenmege qoyamısız?küwşenme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoyamıdıla?küwşenme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chew the cud? |
| Let someone… (present) | menküwşenmege qoymaymamı?küwşenme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chew the cud? | senküwşenmege qoymaymısa?küwşenme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoymaymıdı?küwşenme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoymaybızmı?küwşenme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chew the cud? | sizküwşenmege qoymaymısız?küwşenme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoymaymıdıla?küwşenme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chew the cud? |
| Let someone… (past) | menküwşenmege qoydumküwşenme qoydumI allowed someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoyduŋküwşenme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chew the cud | olküwşenmege qoyduküwşenme qoyduhe allowed someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoyduqküwşenme qoyduqwe allowed someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoyduğuzküwşenme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chew the cud | alaküwşenmege qoydulaküwşenme qoydulathey allowed someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (past) | menküwşenmege qoymadımküwşenme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chew the cud | senküwşenmege qoymadıŋküwşenme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chew the cud | olküwşenmege qoymadıküwşenme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chew the cud | bizküwşenmege qoymadıqküwşenme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chew the cud | sizküwşenmege qoymadığızküwşenme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chew the cud | alaküwşenmege qoymadılaküwşenme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chew the cud |
| Let someone… (past) | menküwşenmege qoydummu?küwşenme qoydummu?did I allow someone to chew the cud? | senküwşenmege qoyduŋmu?küwşenme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoydumu?küwşenme qoydumu?did he allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoyduqmu?küwşenme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chew the cud? | sizküwşenmege qoyduğuzmu?küwşenme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoydulamı?küwşenme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chew the cud? |
| Let someone… (past) | menküwşenmege qoymadımmı?küwşenme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chew the cud? | senküwşenmege qoymadıŋmı?küwşenme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chew the cud? | olküwşenmege qoymadımı?küwşenme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chew the cud? | bizküwşenmege qoymadıqmı?küwşenme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chew the cud? | sizküwşenmege qoymadığızmı?küwşenme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chew the cud? | alaküwşenmege qoymadılamı?küwşenme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chew the cud? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
küwşenalırğa be able to chew the cud · küwşenalmazğa be unable to chew the cud
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menküwşenalamaI can chew the cud | senküwşenalasayou can chew the cud | olküwşenaladıhe can chew the cud | bizküwşenalabızwe can chew the cud | sizküwşenalasızyou all can chew the cud | alaküwşenaladılathey can chew the cud |
| Ability — present | menküwşenalmaymaI can't chew the cud | senküwşenalmaysayou can't chew the cud | olküwşenalmaydıhe can't chew the cud | bizküwşenalmaybızwe can't chew the cud | sizküwşenalmaysızyou all can't chew the cud | alaküwşenalmaydılathey can't chew the cud |
| Ability — present | menküwşenalamamı? küwşenalamıma?can I chew the cud? | senküwşenalamısa?can you chew the cud? | olküwşenalamıdı?can he chew the cud? | bizküwşenalabızmı? küwşenalamıbız?can we chew the cud? | sizküwşenalamısız?can you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenalamıdıla?can they chew the cud? |
| Ability — present | menküwşenalmaymamı? küwşenalmaymıma?can't I chew the cud? | senküwşenalmaymısa?can't you chew the cud? | olküwşenalmaymıdı?can't he chew the cud? | bizküwşenalmaybızmı? küwşenalmaymıbız?can't we chew the cud? | sizküwşenalmaymısız?can't you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenalmaymıdıla?can't they chew the cud? |
| Ability — if I can… | menküwşenalsamif I can chew the cud | senküwşenalsaŋif you can chew the cud | olküwşenalsaif he can chew the cud | bizküwşenalsaqif we can chew the cud | sizküwşenalsağızif you all can chew the cud | alaküwşenalsalaif they can chew the cud |
| Ability — if I can… | menküwşenalmasamif I can't chew the cud | senküwşenalmasaŋif you can't chew the cud | olküwşenalmasaif he can't chew the cud | bizküwşenalmasaqif we can't chew the cud | sizküwşenalmasağızif you all can't chew the cud | alaküwşenalmasalaif they can't chew the cud |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menküwşenaldımI was able to chew the cud | senküwşenaldıŋyou were able to chew the cud | olküwşenaldıhe was able to chew the cud | bizküwşenaldıqwe were able to chew the cud | sizküwşenaldığızyou all were able to chew the cud | alaküwşenaldılathey were able to chew the cud |
| Ability — simple past | menküwşenalmadımI could not chew the cud | senküwşenalmadıŋyou could not chew the cud | olküwşenalmadıhe could not chew the cud | bizküwşenalmadıqwe could not chew the cud | sizküwşenalmadığızyou all could not chew the cud | alaküwşenalmadılathey could not chew the cud |
| Ability — simple past | menküwşenaldımmı?was I able to chew the cud? | senküwşenaldıŋmı?were you able to chew the cud? | olküwşenaldımı?was he able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenaldıqmı?were we able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenaldığızmı?were you all able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenaldılamı?were they able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — simple past | menküwşenalmadımmı?couldn't I chew the cud? | senküwşenalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chew the cud? | olküwşenalmadımı?couldn't he chew the cud? | bizküwşenalmadıqmı?couldn't we chew the cud? | sizküwşenalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chew the cud? | alaküwşenalmadılamı?couldn't they chew the cud? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküwşenalğanmaI have been able to chew the cud | senküwşenalğansayou have been able to chew the cud | olküwşenalğandıhe has been able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalğanbızwe have been able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalğansızyou all have been able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalğandılathey have been able to chew the cud |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküwşenalmağanmaI haven't been able to chew the cud | senküwşenalmağansayou haven't been able to chew the cud | olküwşenalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalmağandılathey haven't been able to chew the cud |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküwşenalğanmamı? küwşenalğanmıma?have I been able to chew the cud? | senküwşenalğanmısa?have you been able to chew the cud? | olküwşenalğanmıdı?has he been able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenalğanbızmı? küwşenalğanmıbız?have we been able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenalğanmısız?have you all been able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menküwşenalmağanmamı? küwşenalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chew the cud? | senküwşenalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chew the cud? | olküwşenalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenalmağanbızmı? küwşenalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — past perfect | menküwşenalğan edimküwşenalğanemI had been able to chew the cud | senküwşenalğan ediŋküwşenalğaneŋyou had been able to chew the cud | olküwşenalğan ediküwşenalğanedhe had been able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalğan edikküwşenalğanekwe had been able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalğan edigizküwşenalğanegizyou all had been able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalğan edileküwşenalğanellethey had been able to chew the cud |
| Ability — past perfect | menküwşenalmağan edimküwşenalmağanemI hadn't been able to chew the cud | senküwşenalmağan ediŋküwşenalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chew the cud | olküwşenalmağan ediküwşenalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalmağan edikküwşenalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalmağan edigizküwşenalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalmağan edileküwşenalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chew the cud |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menküwşenala edimküwşenalaemI could chew the cud | senküwşenala ediŋküwşenalaeŋyou could chew the cud | olküwşenala ediküwşenalaedhe could chew the cud | bizküwşenala edikküwşenalaekwe could chew the cud | sizküwşenala edigizküwşenalaegizyou all could chew the cud | alaküwşenala edileküwşenalaellethey could chew the cud |
| Ability — past background | menküwşenalmay edimküwşenalmayemI could not chew the cud | senküwşenalmay ediŋküwşenalmayeŋyou could not chew the cud | olküwşenalmay ediküwşenalmayedhe could not chew the cud | bizküwşenalmay edikküwşenalmayekwe could not chew the cud | sizküwşenalmay edigizküwşenalmayegizyou all could not chew the cud | alaküwşenalmay edileküwşenalmayellethey could not chew the cud |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menküwşenalırmaI will be able to chew the cud | senküwşenalırsayou will be able to chew the cud | olküwşenalırhe will be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalırbızwe will be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalırsızyou all will be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalırlathey will be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — future I | menküwşenalmazmaI won't be able to chew the cud | senküwşenalmazsayou won't be able to chew the cud | olküwşenalmazhe won't be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalmazbızwe won't be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalmazsızyou all won't be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalmazlathey won't be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — future I | menküwşenalırmamı? küwşenalırmıma?will I be able to chew the cud? | senküwşenalırmısa?will you be able to chew the cud? | olküwşenalırmı?will he be able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenalırbızmı? küwşenalırmıbız?will we be able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenalırmısız?will you all be able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenalırlamı? küwşenalırmıla?will they be able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — future I | menküwşenalmazmamı? küwşenalmazmıma?won't I be able to chew the cud? | senküwşenalmazmısa?won't you be able to chew the cud? | olküwşenalmazmı?won't he be able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenalmazbızmı? küwşenalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenalmazlamı? küwşenalmazmıla?won't they be able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — future II | menküwşenallıqmaI am going to be able to chew the cud | senküwşenallıqsayou are going to be able to chew the cud | olküwşenallıqdıhe is going to be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenallıqbızwe are going to be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenallıqdılathey are going to be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — future II | menküwşenallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chew the cud | senküwşenallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chew the cud | olküwşenallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — future II | menküwşenallıqmamı? küwşenallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chew the cud? | senküwşenallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chew the cud? | olküwşenallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenallıqbızmı? küwşenallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — future II | menküwşenallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chew the cud? | senküwşenallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chew the cud? | olküwşenallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chew the cud? | bizküwşenallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chew the cud? | sizküwşenallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chew the cud? | alaküwşenallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chew the cud? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menküwşenalır edimküwşenalır emI would be able to chew the cud | senküwşenalır ediŋküwşenalır eŋyou would be able to chew the cud | olküwşenalır ediküwşenalır edhe would be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalır edikküwşenalır ekwe would be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalır edigizküwşenalır egizyou all would be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalır edileküwşenalır ellethey would be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — would be able to… | menküwşenalmaz edimküwşenalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chew the cud | senküwşenalmaz ediŋküwşenalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chew the cud | olküwşenalmaz ediküwşenalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chew the cud | bizküwşenalmaz edikküwşenalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chew the cud | sizküwşenalmaz edigizküwşenalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chew the cud | alaküwşenalmaz edileküwşenalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chew the cud |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senküwşenalğınküwşenalğımay you be able to chew the cud | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senküwşenalmağınküwşenalmağımay you not be able to chew the cud | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menküwşenirge izleymeI want to chew the cud | senküwşenirge izleyseyou want to chew the cud | olküwşenirge izleydihe wants to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge izleybizwe want to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge izleysizyou all want to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge izleydilethey want to chew the cud |
| want to | menküwşenirge izlemeymeI do not want to chew the cud | senküwşenirge izlemeyseyou do not want to chew the cud | olküwşenirge izlemeydihe does not want to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge izlemeybizwe do not want to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge izlemeydilethey do not want to chew the cud |
| would like to | menküwşenirge süemeI would like to chew the cud | senküwşenirge süeseyou would like to chew the cud | olküwşenirge süedihe would like to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge süebizwe would like to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge süesizyou all would like to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge süedilethey would like to chew the cud |
| would like to | menküwşenirge süymeymeI would not like to chew the cud | senküwşenirge süymeyseyou would not like to chew the cud | olküwşenirge süymeydihe would not like to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge süymeybizwe would not like to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge süymeysizyou all would not like to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge süymeydilethey would not like to chew the cud |
| hope to | menküwşenirge umutlanamaI hope to chew the cud | senküwşenirge umutlanasayou hope to chew the cud | olküwşenirge umutlanadıhe hopes to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge umutlanabızwe hope to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge umutlanasızyou all hope to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge umutlanadılathey hope to chew the cud |
| hope to | menküwşenirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chew the cud | senküwşenirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chew the cud | olküwşenirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chew the cud |
| be about to | menküwşenirge deb turamaI am about to chew the cud | senküwşenirge deb turasayou are about to chew the cud | olküwşenirge deb turadıhe is about to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge deb turabızwe are about to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge deb turasızyou all are about to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge deb turadılathey are about to chew the cud |
| be about to | menküwşenirge deb turmaymaI am not about to chew the cud | senküwşenirge deb turmaysayou are not about to chew the cud | olküwşenirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to chew the cud |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menküwşenirge kerekmeI need to chew the cud | senküwşenirge kerekseyou need to chew the cud | olküwşenirge kerekdihe needs to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge kerekbizwe need to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge kereksizyou all need to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge kerekdilethey need to chew the cud |
| need to | menküwşenirge kerek tülmeI do not need to chew the cud | senküwşenirge kerek tülseyou do not need to chew the cud | olküwşenirge kerek tüldühe does not need to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to chew the cud |
| have to | menmenŋe küwşenirge tüşediI have to chew the cud | sensenŋe küwşenirge tüşediyou have to chew the cud | olaŋa küwşenirge tüşedihe has to chew the cud | bizbizge küwşenirge tüşediwe have to chew the cud | sizsizge küwşenirge tüşediyou all have to chew the cud | alaalağa küwşenirge tüşedithey have to chew the cud |
| have to | menmenŋe küwşenirge tüşmeydiI do not have to chew the cud | sensenŋe küwşenirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to chew the cud | olaŋa küwşenirge tüşmeydihe does not have to chew the cud | bizbizge küwşenirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to chew the cud | sizsizge küwşenirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chew the cud | alaalağa küwşenirge tüşmeydithey do not have to chew the cud |
| be obliged to | menküwşenirge borçlumaI am obliged to chew the cud | senküwşenirge borçlusayou are obliged to chew the cud | olküwşenirge borçluduhe is obliged to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge borçludulathey are obliged to chew the cud |
| be obliged to | menküwşenirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chew the cud | senküwşenirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chew the cud | olküwşenirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chew the cud |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menküwşenirge madarım bardıI have a way to chew the cud | senküwşenirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chew the cud | olküwşenirge madarı bardıhe has a way to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge madarları bardıthey have a way to chew the cud |
| have a way to | menküwşenirge madarım joqduI have no way to chew the cud | senküwşenirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chew the cud | olküwşenirge madarı joqduhe has no way to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge madarları joqduthey have no way to chew the cud |
| be free to | menküwşenirge erkinligim bardıI am free to chew the cud | senküwşenirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chew the cud | olküwşenirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chew the cud |
| be free to | menküwşenirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to chew the cud | senküwşenirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chew the cud | olküwşenirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chew the cud |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for me to chew the cud | sensenŋe küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for you to chew the cud | olaŋa küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for him to chew the cud | bizbizge küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for us to chew the cud | sizsizge küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to chew the cud | alaalağa küwşenirge bolluqduit is possible for them to chew the cud |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chew the cud | sensenŋe küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chew the cud | olaŋa küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chew the cud | bizbizge küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chew the cud | sizsizge küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chew the cud | alaalağa küwşenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chew the cud |
| be ready to | menküwşenirge hazırmaI am ready to chew the cud | senküwşenirge hazırsayou are ready to chew the cud | olküwşenirge hazırdıhe is ready to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge hazırbızwe are ready to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge hazırsızyou all are ready to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge hazırdılathey are ready to chew the cud |
| be ready to | menküwşenirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to chew the cud | senküwşenirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to chew the cud | olküwşenirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chew the cud |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menküwşenirge küreşemeI am trying to chew the cud | senküwşenirge küreşeseyou are trying to chew the cud | olküwşenirge küreşedihe is trying to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge küreşebizwe are trying to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge küreşesizyou all are trying to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge küreşedilethey are trying to chew the cud |
| try to | menküwşenirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to chew the cud | senküwşenirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chew the cud | olküwşenirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chew the cud |
| agree to | menküwşenirge unaymaI agree to chew the cud | senküwşenirge unaysayou agree to chew the cud | olküwşenirge unaydıhe agrees to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge unaybızwe agree to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge unaysızyou all agree to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge unaydılathey agree to chew the cud |
| agree to | menküwşenirge unamaymaI refuse to chew the cud | senküwşenirge unamaysayou refuse to chew the cud | olküwşenirge unamaydıhe refuses to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge unamaybızwe refuse to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge unamaysızyou all refuse to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge unamaydılathey refuse to chew the cud |
| hurry to | menküwşenirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to chew the cud | senküwşenirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to chew the cud | olküwşenirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chew the cud |
| hurry to | menküwşenirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chew the cud | senküwşenirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chew the cud | olküwşenirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chew the cud |
| be afraid to | menküwşenirge qorqamaI am afraid to chew the cud | senküwşenirge qorqasayou are afraid to chew the cud | olküwşenirge qorqadıhe is afraid to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge qorqabızwe are afraid to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge qorqadılathey are afraid to chew the cud |
| be afraid to | menküwşenirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chew the cud | senküwşenirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chew the cud | olküwşenirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chew the cud | bizküwşenirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chew the cud | sizküwşenirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chew the cud | alaküwşenirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chew the cud |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menküwşene bolmazmaI can't be chewing the cud | senküwşene bolmazsayou can't be chewing the cud | olküwşene bolmazhe can't be chewing the cud | bizküwşene bolmazbızwe can't be chewing the cud | sizküwşene bolmazsızyou all can't be chewing the cud | alaküwşene bolmazlathey can't be chewing the cud |
| Inference, present — double negation | menküwşenmey bolmazmaI must be chewing the cud (emphatic) | senküwşenmey bolmazsayou must be chewing the cud (emphatic) | olküwşenmey bolmazhe must be chewing the cud (emphatic) | bizküwşenmey bolmazbızwe must be chewing the cud (emphatic) | sizküwşenmey bolmazsızyou all must be chewing the cud (emphatic) | alaküwşenmey bolmazlathey must be chewing the cud (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menküwşene turmasamif I don't keep chewing the cud | senküwşene turmasaŋif you don't keep chewing the cud | olküwşene turmasaif he doesn't keep chewing the cud | bizküwşene turmasaqif we don't keep chewing the cud | sizküwşene turmasağızif you all don't keep chewing the cud | alaküwşene turmasalaif they don't keep chewing the cud |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menküwşene tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chewing the cud | senküwşene tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chewing the cud | olküwşene tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chewing the cud | bizküwşene tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chewing the cud | sizküwşene tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chewing the cud | alaküwşene tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chewing the cud |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menküwşenmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) | senküwşenmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) | olküwşenmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) | bizküwşenmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) | sizküwşenmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) | alaküwşenmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chewing the cud (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menküwşenmey turamaI keep on not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey turasayou keep on not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey turadıhe keeps on not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey turabızwe keep on not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey turasızyou all keep on not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey turadılathey keep on not chewing the cud |
| Progressive — double negation | menküwşenmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not chewing the cud | senküwşenmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not chewing the cud | olküwşenmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chewing the cud | bizküwşenmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chewing the cud | sizküwşenmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chewing the cud | alaküwşenmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chewing the cud |
| Progressive — double negation | menküwşenmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chewing the cud? | senküwşenmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chewing the cud? | olküwşenmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chewing the cud? | bizküwşenmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chewing the cud? | sizküwşenmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chewing the cud? | alaküwşenmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chewing the cud? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menküwşenŋen bolmazmaI can't have chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen bolmazsayou can't have chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen bolmazhe can't have chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen bolmazbızwe can't have chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen bolmazlathey can't have chewed the cud |
| Inference — double negation | menküwşenmegen bolmazmaI must have chewed the cud (emphatic) | senküwşenmegen bolmazsayou must have chewed the cud (emphatic) | olküwşenmegen bolmazhe must have chewed the cud (emphatic) | bizküwşenmegen bolmazbızwe must have chewed the cud (emphatic) | sizküwşenmegen bolmazsızyou all must have chewed the cud (emphatic) | alaküwşenmegen bolmazlathey must have chewed the cud (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menküwşenŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had chewed the cud | senküwşenŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chewed the cud | olküwşenŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had chewed the cud | bizküwşenŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chewed the cud | sizküwşenŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chewed the cud | alaküwşenŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chewed the cud |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menküwşenmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chewed the cud | senküwşenmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chewed the cud | olküwşenmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chewed the cud | bizküwşenmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chewed the cud | sizküwşenmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chewed the cud | alaküwşenmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chewed the cud |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menküwşennik bolmazmaI can't be going to chew the cud | senküwşennik bolmazsayou can't be going to chew the cud | olküwşennik bolmazhe can't be going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik bolmazbızwe can't be going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik bolmazlathey can't be going to chew the cud |
| Inference, future — double negation | menküwşenmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) | senküwşenmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) | olküwşenmezlik bolmazhe must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) | bizküwşenmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) | sizküwşenmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) | alaküwşenmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to chew the cud (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menküwşennik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chew the cud | senküwşennik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chew the cud | olküwşennik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chew the cud | bizküwşennik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chew the cud | sizküwşennik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chew the cud | alaküwşennik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chew the cud |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menküwşenmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chew the cud | senküwşenmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chew the cud | olküwşenmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chew the cud | bizküwşenmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chew the cud | sizküwşenmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chew the cud | alaküwşenmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chew the cud |