kiriş
/kiriʃ/ · plural kirişle
1. ridge, mountain chain, crest
- taw kirişle — mountain ridges
- kiriş tawla — a chain of mountains
- kirişleni başı bla — along the top of the ridges
- kirişle başında — on top of the ridges
2. edge, brow of a sheer cliff or rock terrace
- qayanı kirişi — the brow of the cliff
- qaya kiriş — the brow of the cliff
- qayanı kirişinden — from the brow of the cliff
- uzaq qayalanı kirişleri — the brows of the far cliffs
- qaya kirişde tururğa — to stand on the brow of the cliff
- kirişde jürürge — to walk along the brow
3. gorge, defile, narrow ravine one source
- tar kiriş — a narrow defile
- kirişge kirirge — to enter the gorge
- kiriş bla öterge — to go through the defile
- bu kirişlede jaşağanlağa — to those living in these gorges
4. rim, border, edging
- çoyunnu kirişi — the rim of the cauldron
- oqa börknü kirişi — the rim of the gold-embroidered cap
- jıkkırnı kirişleri — the hoops of the churn
- altın oqa kiriş bla — with a gold braid border
5. bail, handle (of a bucket or cauldron)
- çelekni kirişi — the bail of the bucket
- çoyun kiriş — a cauldron handle
- kirişinden tutarğa — to take it by the handle
6. solid, unbroken, sheer, inaccessible, unassailable — Used mainly of cliffs and rocks: kiriş qayala 'sheer, unassailable cliffs'. One dictionary also renders the attributive use as jagged.
- kiriş qayala — sheer, unassailable cliffs
- kiriş qaya — a sheer rock face
- allıbızdağı kiriş qayala — the unassailable cliffs ahead of us
- bir kiriş qayanı başına — to the top of a sheer rock
7. firm, hard, steadfast — Said of keeping one's word: sözüŋe kiriş bol 'be firm in your word'.
- sözüŋe kiriş bolurğa — to be firm in your word
- sözüne kiriş adam — a person firm in his word
- kiriş bolurğa — to stand firm
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kirişthe ridge | kirişimmy ridge | kirişiŋyour ridge | kirişihis ridge | kirişibizour ridge | kirişigizyou all's ridge | kirişleritheir ridges |
| Genitive | kirişnithe ridge's | kirişimimy ridge's | kirişiŋiyour ridge's | kirişinihis ridge's | kirişibizniour ridge's | kirişigizniyou all's ridge's | kirişlerinitheir ridges' |
| Accusative | kirişnithe ridge (as the object) | kirişimimy ridge (as the object) | kirişiŋiyour ridge (as the object) | kirişinhis ridge (as the object) | kirişibizniour ridge (as the object) | kirişigizniyou all's ridge (as the object) | kirişlerintheir ridges (as the object) |
| Dative | kirişgeto the ridge | kirişimeto my ridge | kirişiŋeto your ridge | kirişineto his ridge | kirişibizgeto our ridge | kirişigizgeto you all's ridge | kirişlerineto their ridges |
| Locative | kirişdein / at the ridge | kirişimdein / at my ridge | kirişiŋdein / at your ridge | kirişindein / at his ridge | kirişibizdein / at our ridge | kirişigizdein / at you all's ridge | kirişlerindein / at their ridges |
| Ablative | kirişdenfrom the ridge | kirişimdenfrom my ridge | kirişiŋdenfrom your ridge | kirişindenfrom his ridge | kirişibizdenfrom our ridge | kirişigizdenfrom you all's ridge | kirişlerindenfrom their ridges |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kirişlethe ridges | kirişlerimmy ridges | kirişleriŋyour ridges | kirişlerihis ridges | kirişleribizour ridges | kirişlerigizyou all's ridges | kirişleritheir ridges |
| Genitive | kirişlenithe ridges' | kirişlerimimy ridges' | kirişleriŋiyour ridges' | kirişlerinihis ridges' | kirişleribizniour ridges' | kirişlerigizniyou all's ridges' | kirişlerinitheir ridges' |
| Accusative | kirişlenithe ridges (as the object) | kirişlerimimy ridges (as the object) | kirişleriŋiyour ridges (as the object) | kirişlerinhis ridges (as the object) | kirişleribizniour ridges (as the object) | kirişlerigizniyou all's ridges (as the object) | kirişlerintheir ridges (as the object) |
| Dative | kirişlegeto the ridges | kirişlerimeto my ridges | kirişleriŋeto your ridges | kirişlerineto his ridges | kirişleribizgeto our ridges | kirişlerigizgeto you all's ridges | kirişlerineto their ridges |
| Locative | kirişledein / at the ridges | kirişlerimdein / at my ridges | kirişleriŋdein / at your ridges | kirişlerindein / at his ridges | kirişleribizdein / at our ridges | kirişlerigizdein / at you all's ridges | kirişlerindein / at their ridges |
| Ablative | kirişledenfrom the ridges | kirişlerimdenfrom my ridges | kirişleriŋdenfrom your ridges | kirişlerindenfrom his ridges | kirişleribizdenfrom our ridges | kirişlerigizdenfrom you all's ridges | kirişlerindenfrom their ridges |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: kirişleri can mean "his / her ridges", "their ridge", or "their ridges" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | kirişmeI am solid | kirişseyou are solid | kirişdihe is solid | kirişbizwe are solid | kirişsizyou all are solid | kirişdilethey are solid |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden kirişdi — "compared to me, he is solid."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki kirişdimine is solid | seniki kirişdiyours is solid | anıqı kirişdihis is solid | bizniki kirişdiours is solid | sizniki kirişdiyours (pl.) is solid | alanıqı kirişditheirs is solid |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile kirişdilemine are solid | senikile kirişdileyours are solid | anıqıla kirişdilehis are solid | biznikile kirişdileours are solid | siznikile kirişdileyours (pl.) are solid | alanıqıla kirişdiletheirs are solid |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu kirişdi, bıla kirişdile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".