kim
/kim/
1. who
- ol kimdi? — who is that?
- kimge? — to whom?
- kim bla? — with whom?
- kimni üsünden? — about whom?
- üyde kim bardı? — who is at home?
- meni kim izleydi? — who is looking for me?
- bu kimni börküdü? — whose hat is this?
- men kim bolğanımı bilemise? — do you know who I am?
2. anyone, everyone, any person — Usually takes the particle da, but a rhetorical question with a negative verb can carry this meaning without it.
- kim da — anyone at all
- har kim — everyone
- kim da bilgen — known to everyone
- kim da bolsun — whoever it may be
- kim da aŋılarça jaz — write so that everyone understands
- kim da alay eterik edi — anyone would have done so
- har kim ornaşhandıla — everyone has settled in
3. someone, somebody, anybody — Takes this meaning in kim ese da and kim bolsa da.
- kim bolsa da — somebody, anybody
- kimge bolsa da — to somebody
- kim ese da bir — some person
- kim ese da sizge kirdi — someone came in to see you
- kim bolsa da bizge boluşsun — let somebody help us
4. whoever, the person who — The kim clause is answered by ol in the main clause.
- kim işlese, ol aşar — whoever works will eat
- kim oqusa, ol biledi — whoever reads is the one who knows
- kim mamırlıqnı süyse, qarnaşdı ol — whoever loves peace, he is a brother
5. no one, not a single person — A rhetorical question with an affirmative verb carries this meaning.
- kim saw qalğandı? — who has survived?
- ol aythanŋa kim iynanadı? — who believes what he says?
- anŋa kim qatıladı? — who will dare touch him?
- bıllay suwuqda kim çığadı tışına? — who goes outside in cold like this?
6. one … another, some … others — Repeated in paired clauses that set what one person does against what another does.
- kim köb, kim az aytır — one says much, another says little
- kim alğa, kim artda külür — one laughs first, another laughs last
- kim mal soyadı, kim çaqıradı — one slaughters livestock, another invites
7. what kind of person, what someone works as — Asks about someone's work or position rather than their name.
- sen kim bolurğa süese? — what do you want to become?
- ataŋ kim bolub işleydi? — what does your father work as?
- bu jaş kim bolub işlegendi? — what has this young man worked as?
Expressions
- kim bar, kim joq — life is uncertain
- meniça kim bardı — brag, put on airs
- kim biledi — who knows
- kim oğay deydi — no objection
Cases
One
| Case | kimwho? | newhat? | qaysıwhich? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kimwho? | newhat? | qaysıwhich? |
| Genitive | kimniwhose? | neniof what? | qaysınıof which? |
| Accusative | kimniwhom? (as the object) | neniwhat? (as the object) | qaysınwhich? (as the object) |
| Dative | kimgeto whom? | negeto what? what for? | qaysına / qaysığato which? |
| Locative | kimdewith whom? at whose? | nedein what? | qaysındain which? |
| Ablative | kimdenfrom whom? | nedenfrom what? | qaysından / qaysıdanfrom which? |
Several
| Case | kimwho? | newhat? | qaysıwhich? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kimlewho? (several people) | nelewhat? (several things) | qaysılawhich ones? |
| Genitive | kimleniwhose? (of several people) | neleniof what things? | qaysılanıof which ones? |
| Accusative | kimleniwhom? (several, as the object) | neleniwhat things? (as the object) | qaysılanıwhich ones? (as the object) |
| Dative | kimlegeto whom? (several) | nelegeto what things? | qaysılağato which ones? |
| Locative | kimledewith whom? (several) | neledein what things? | qaysıladain which ones? |
| Ablative | kimledenfrom whom? (several) | neledenfrom what things? | qaysıladanfrom which ones? |