kesişirge
/kesiʃirɡe/
cross, intersect; cut each other (of roads, sabers)
- eki jol mında kesişedi — two roads cross here
- jolla kesişgen jerde — at the place where the roads cross
- qılıçla kesişdile — the sabers crossed
Conjugation
Common forms
- kesişedihe is crossing
- kesişdihe crossed
- kesişgendihe has crossed
- kesişirhe will cross
- kesişirikdihe is going to cross
- kesişe edihe was crossing
- kesişseif he crosses
- kesiş!cross!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkesişemeI am crossing | senkesişeseyou are crossing | olkesişedihe is crossing | bizkesişebizwe are crossing | sizkesişesizyou all are crossing | alakesişedilethey are crossing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkesişmeymeI am not crossing | senkesişmeyseyou are not crossing | olkesişmeydihe is not crossing | bizkesişmeybizwe are not crossing | sizkesişmeysizyou all are not crossing | alakesişmeydilethey are not crossing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkesişememi? kesişemime?am I crossing? | senkesişemise?are you crossing? | olkesişemidi?is he crossing? | bizkesişebizmi? kesişemibiz?are we crossing? | sizkesişemisiz?are you all crossing? | alakesişemidile?are they crossing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkesişmeymemi? kesişmeymime?aren't I crossing? | senkesişmeymise?aren't you crossing? | olkesişmeymidi?isn't he crossing? | bizkesişmeybizmi? kesişmeymibiz?aren't we crossing? | sizkesişmeymisiz?aren't you all crossing? | alakesişmeymidile?aren't they crossing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkesişiwçenmeI usually cross | senkesişiwçenseyou usually cross | olkesişiwçendihe usually crosses | bizkesişiwçenbizwe usually cross | sizkesişiwçensizyou all usually cross | alakesişiwçendilethey usually cross |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkesişmewçenmeI usually don't cross | senkesişmewçenseyou usually don't cross | olkesişmewçendihe usually doesn't cross | bizkesişmewçenbizwe usually don't cross | sizkesişmewçensizyou all usually don't cross | alakesişmewçendilethey usually don't cross |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkesişiwçenmemi? kesişiwçenmime?do I usually cross? | senkesişiwçenmise?do you usually cross? | olkesişiwçenmidi?does he usually cross? | bizkesişiwçenbizmi? kesişiwçenmibiz?do we usually cross? | sizkesişiwçenmisiz?do you all usually cross? | alakesişiwçenmidile?do they usually cross? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkesişmewçenmemi? kesişmewçenmime?do I usually not cross? | senkesişmewçenmise?do you usually not cross? | olkesişmewçenmidi?does he usually not cross? | bizkesişmewçenbizmi? kesişmewçenmibiz?do we usually not cross? | sizkesişmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not cross? | alakesişmewçenmidile?do they usually not cross? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkesişibdihe has crossed and remains so | alakesişibdilethey have crossed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkesişibmidi?has he crossed? | alakesişibmidile?have they crossed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkesişib turamaI keep crossing | senkesişib turasayou keep crossing | olkesişib turadıhe keeps crossing | bizkesişib turabızwe keep crossing | sizkesişib turasızyou all keep crossing | alakesişib turadılathey keep crossing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkesişib turmaymaI don't keep crossing | senkesişib turmaysayou don't keep crossing | olkesişib turmaydıhe doesn't keep crossing | bizkesişib turmaybızwe don't keep crossing | sizkesişib turmaysızyou all don't keep crossing | alakesişib turmaydılathey don't keep crossing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkesişib turamamı? kesişib turamıma?do I keep crossing? | senkesişib turamısa?do you keep crossing? | olkesişib turamıdı?does he keep crossing? | bizkesişib turabızmı? kesişib turamıbız?do we keep crossing? | sizkesişib turamısız?do you all keep crossing? | alakesişib turamıdıla?do they keep crossing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkesişib turmaymamı? kesişib turmaymıma?don't I keep crossing? | senkesişib turmaymısa?don't you keep crossing? | olkesişib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep crossing? | bizkesişib turmaybızmı? kesişib turmaymıbız?don't we keep crossing? | sizkesişib turmaymısız?don't you all keep crossing? | alakesişib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep crossing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkesişe turamaI am in the middle of crossing | senkesişe turasayou are in the middle of crossing | olkesişe turadıhe is in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe turabızwe are in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe turasızyou all are in the middle of crossing | alakesişe turadılathey are in the middle of crossing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkesişe turmaymaI am not in the middle of crossing | senkesişe turmaysayou are not in the middle of crossing | olkesişe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of crossing | alakesişe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of crossing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkesişe turamamı? kesişe turamıma?am I in the middle of crossing? | senkesişe turamısa?are you in the middle of crossing? | olkesişe turamıdı?is he in the middle of crossing? | bizkesişe turabızmı? kesişe turamıbız?are we in the middle of crossing? | sizkesişe turamısız?are you all in the middle of crossing? | alakesişe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of crossing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkesişe turmaymamı? kesişe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of crossing? | senkesişe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of crossing? | olkesişe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of crossing? | bizkesişe turmaybızmı? kesişe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of crossing? | sizkesişe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of crossing? | alakesişe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of crossing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkesişdimI crossed | senkesişdiŋyou crossed | olkesişdihe crossed | bizkesişdikwe crossed | sizkesişdigizyou all crossed | alakesişdilethey crossed |
| Simple past (definite) | menkesişmedimI didn't cross | senkesişmediŋyou didn't cross | olkesişmedihe didn't cross | bizkesişmedikwe didn't cross | sizkesişmedigizyou all didn't cross | alakesişmedilethey didn't cross |
| Simple past (definite) | menkesişdimmi?did I cross? | senkesişdiŋmi?did you cross? | olkesişdimi?did he cross? | bizkesişdikmi?did we cross? | sizkesişdigizmi?did you all cross? | alakesişdilemi?did they cross? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkesişmedimmi?didn't I cross? | senkesişmediŋmi?didn't you cross? | olkesişmedimi?didn't he cross? | bizkesişmedikmi?didn't we cross? | sizkesişmedigizmi?didn't you all cross? | alakesişmedilemi?didn't they cross? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkesişgenmeI have crossed | senkesişgenseyou have crossed | olkesişgendihe has crossed | bizkesişgenbizwe have crossed | sizkesişgensizyou all have crossed | alakesişgendilethey have crossed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkesişmegenmeI haven't crossed | senkesişmegenseyou haven't crossed | olkesişmegendihe hasn't crossed | bizkesişmegenbizwe haven't crossed | sizkesişmegensizyou all haven't crossed | alakesişmegendilethey haven't crossed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkesişgenmemi? kesişgenmime?have I crossed? | senkesişgenmise?have you crossed? | olkesişgenmidi?has he crossed? | bizkesişgenbizmi? kesişgenmibiz?have we crossed? | sizkesişgenmisiz?have you all crossed? | alakesişgenmidile?have they crossed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkesişmegenmemi? kesişmegenmime?haven't I crossed? | senkesişmegenmise?haven't you crossed? | olkesişmegenmidi?hasn't he crossed? | bizkesişmegenbizmi? kesişmegenmibiz?haven't we crossed? | sizkesişmegenmisiz?haven't you all crossed? | alakesişmegenmidile?haven't they crossed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkesişib turdumI kept crossing | senkesişib turduŋyou kept crossing | olkesişib turduhe kept crossing | bizkesişib turduqwe kept crossing | sizkesişib turduğuzyou all kept crossing | alakesişib turdulathey kept crossing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkesişib turmadımI didn't keep crossing | senkesişib turmadıŋyou didn't keep crossing | olkesişib turmadıhe didn't keep crossing | bizkesişib turmadıqwe didn't keep crossing | sizkesişib turmadığızyou all didn't keep crossing | alakesişib turmadılathey didn't keep crossing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkesişirmeI will cross | senkesişirseyou will cross | olkesişirhe will cross | bizkesişirbizwe will cross | sizkesişirsizyou all will cross | alakesişirlethey will cross |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkesişmezmeI won't cross | senkesişmezseyou won't cross | olkesişmezhe won't cross | bizkesişmezbizwe won't cross | sizkesişmezsizyou all won't cross | alakesişmezlethey won't cross |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkesişirmemi? kesişirmime?will I cross? | senkesişirmise?will you cross? | olkesişirmi?will he cross? | bizkesişirbizmi? kesişirmibiz?will we cross? | sizkesişirmisiz?will you all cross? | alakesişirlemi? kesişirmile?will they cross? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkesişmezmemi? kesişmezmime?won't I cross? | senkesişmezmise?won't you cross? | olkesişmezmi?won't he cross? | bizkesişmezbizmi? kesişmezmibiz?won't we cross? | sizkesişmezmisiz?won't you all cross? | alakesişmezlemi? kesişmezmile?won't they cross? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkesişirikmeI am going to cross | senkesişirikseyou are going to cross | olkesişirikdihe is going to cross | bizkesişirikbizwe are going to cross | sizkesişiriksizyou all are going to cross | alakesişirikdilethey are going to cross |
| Definite future (future II) | menkesişirik tülmeI am not going to cross | senkesişirik tülseyou are not going to cross | olkesişirik tüldühe is not going to cross | bizkesişirik tülbüzwe are not going to cross | sizkesişirik tülsüzyou all are not going to cross | alakesişirik tüldülethey are not going to cross |
| Definite future (future II) | menkesişirikmemi? kesişirikmime?am I going to cross? | senkesişirikmise?are you going to cross? | olkesişirikmidi?is he going to cross? | bizkesişirikbizmi? kesişirikmibiz?are we going to cross? | sizkesişirikmisiz?are you all going to cross? | alakesişirikmidile?are they going to cross? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkesişirik tülmüme?aren't I going to cross? | senkesişirik tülmüse?aren't you going to cross? | olkesişirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to cross? | bizkesişirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to cross? | sizkesişirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cross? | alakesişirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cross? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkesişgen edimkesişgenemI had crossed | senkesişgen ediŋkesişgeneŋyou had crossed | olkesişgen edikesişgenedhe had crossed | bizkesişgen edikkesişgenekwe had crossed | sizkesişgen edigizkesişgenegizyou all had crossed | alakesişgen edilekesişgenellethey had crossed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkesişmegen edimkesişmegenemI hadn't crossed | senkesişmegen ediŋkesişmegeneŋyou hadn't crossed | olkesişmegen edikesişmegenedhe hadn't crossed | bizkesişmegen edikkesişmegenekwe hadn't crossed | sizkesişmegen edigizkesişmegenegizyou all hadn't crossed | alakesişmegen edilekesişmegenellethey hadn't crossed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkesişe edimkesişemI was crossing | senkesişe ediŋkesişeŋyou were crossing | olkesişe edikesişedhe was crossing | bizkesişe edikkesişekwe were crossing | sizkesişe edigizkesişegizyou all were crossing | alakesişe edilekesişellethey were crossing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkesişmey edimkesişmeyemI wasn't crossing | senkesişmey ediŋkesişmeyeŋyou weren't crossing | olkesişmey edikesişmeyedhe wasn't crossing | bizkesişmey edikkesişmeyekwe weren't crossing | sizkesişmey edigizkesişmeyegizyou all weren't crossing | alakesişmey edilekesişmeyellethey weren't crossing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkesişiwçen edimkesişiwçenemI used to cross | senkesişiwçen ediŋkesişiwçeneŋyou used to cross | olkesişiwçen edikesişiwçenedhe used to cross | bizkesişiwçen edikkesişiwçenekwe used to cross | sizkesişiwçen edigizkesişiwçenegizyou all used to cross | alakesişiwçen edilekesişiwçenellethey used to cross |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkesişmewçen edimkesişmewçenemI didn't use to cross | senkesişmewçen ediŋkesişmewçeneŋyou didn't use to cross | olkesişmewçen edikesişmewçenedhe didn't use to cross | bizkesişmewçen edikkesişmewçenekwe didn't use to cross | sizkesişmewçen edigizkesişmewçenegizyou all didn't use to cross | alakesişmewçen edilekesişmewçenellethey didn't use to cross |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkesişib edihe had crossed and remained so | alakesişib edilethey had crossed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkesişib tül edihe hadn't crossed | alakesişib tül edilethey hadn't crossed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkesişib tura edimkesişib turaemI had kept crossing | senkesişib tura ediŋkesişib turaeŋyou had kept crossing | olkesişib tura edikesişib turaedhe had kept crossing | bizkesişib tura edikkesişib turaekwe had kept crossing | sizkesişib tura edigizkesişib turaegizyou all had kept crossing | alakesişib tura edilekesişib turaellethey had kept crossing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkesişib turmay edimkesişib turmayemI hadn't kept crossing | senkesişib turmay ediŋkesişib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept crossing | olkesişib turmay edikesişib turmayedhe hadn't kept crossing | bizkesişib turmay edikkesişib turmayekwe hadn't kept crossing | sizkesişib turmay edigizkesişib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept crossing | alakesişib turmay edilekesişib turmayellethey hadn't kept crossing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkesişe tura edimkesişe turaemI was in the middle of crossing | senkesişe tura ediŋkesişe turaeŋyou were in the middle of crossing | olkesişe tura edikesişe turaedhe was in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe tura edikkesişe turaekwe were in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe tura edigizkesişe turaegizyou all were in the middle of crossing | alakesişe tura edilekesişe turaellethey were in the middle of crossing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkesişe turmay edimkesişe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of crossing | senkesişe turmay ediŋkesişe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of crossing | olkesişe turmay edikesişe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe turmay edikkesişe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe turmay edigizkesişe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of crossing | alakesişe turmay edilekesişe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of crossing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkesişir edimkesişir emI would cross | senkesişir ediŋkesişir eŋyou would cross | olkesişir edikesişir edhe would cross | bizkesişir edikkesişir ekwe would cross | sizkesişir edigizkesişir egizyou all would cross | alakesişir edilekesişir ellethey would cross |
| Conditional result (would) | menkesişmez edimkesişmez emI wouldn't cross | senkesişmez ediŋkesişmez eŋyou wouldn't cross | olkesişmez edikesişmez edhe wouldn't cross | bizkesişmez edikkesişmez ekwe wouldn't cross | sizkesişmez edigizkesişmez egizyou all wouldn't cross | alakesişmez edilekesişmez ellethey wouldn't cross |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkesişirik edimkesişirik emI would have crossed | senkesişirik ediŋkesişirik eŋyou would have crossed | olkesişirik edikesişirik edhe would have crossed | bizkesişirik edikkesişirik ekwe would have crossed | sizkesişirik edigizkesişirik egizyou all would have crossed | alakesişirik edilekesişirik ellethey would have crossed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkesişirik tül edimkesişirik tül emI wouldn't have crossed | senkesişirik tül ediŋkesişirik tül eŋyou wouldn't have crossed | olkesişirik tül edikesişirik tül edhe wouldn't have crossed | bizkesişirik tül edikkesişirik tül ekwe wouldn't have crossed | sizkesişirik tül edigizkesişirik tül egizyou all wouldn't have crossed | alakesişirik tül edilekesişirik tül ellethey wouldn't have crossed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkesişsemif I cross | senkesişseŋif you cross | olkesişseif he crosses | bizkesişsekif we cross | sizkesişsegizif you all cross | alakesişseleif they cross |
| Conditional | menkesişmesemif I don't cross | senkesişmeseŋif you don't cross | olkesişmeseif he doesn't cross | bizkesişmesekif we don't cross | sizkesişmesegizif you all don't cross | alakesişmeseleif they don't cross |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkesişe esemif I am crossing | senkesişe eseŋif you are crossing | olkesişe eseif he is crossing | bizkesişe esekif we are crossing | sizkesişe esegizif you all are crossing | alakesişe eseleif they are crossing |
| Conditional, present real | menkesişmey esemif I am not crossing | senkesişmey eseŋif you are not crossing | olkesişmey eseif he is not crossing | bizkesişmey esekif we are not crossing | sizkesişmey esegizif you all are not crossing | alakesişmey eseleif they are not crossing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkesişsem edikesişsem edif only I crossed | senkesişseŋ edikesişseŋ edif only you crossed | olkesişse edikesişsedif only he crossed | bizkesişsek edikesişsek edif only we crossed | sizkesişsegiz edikesişsegiz edif only you all crossed | alakesişsele edikesişseledif only they crossed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkesişmesem edikesişmesem edif only I didn't cross | senkesişmeseŋ edikesişmeseŋ edif only you didn't cross | olkesişmese edikesişmesedif only he didn't cross | bizkesişmesek edikesişmesek edif only we didn't cross | sizkesişmesegiz edikesişmesegiz edif only you all didn't cross | alakesişmesele edikesişmeseledif only they didn't cross |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkesişib tursamif I carry on crossing | senkesişib tursaŋif you carry on crossing | olkesişib tursaif he carries on crossing | bizkesişib tursaqif we carry on crossing | sizkesişib tursağızif you all carry on crossing | alakesişib tursalaif they carry on crossing |
| Durative conditional | menkesişib turmasamif I don't carry on crossing | senkesişib turmasaŋif you don't carry on crossing | olkesişib turmasaif he doesn't carry on crossing | bizkesişib turmasaqif we don't carry on crossing | sizkesişib turmasağızif you all don't carry on crossing | alakesişib turmasalaif they don't carry on crossing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkesişib tura esemif I have kept crossing | senkesişib tura eseŋif you have kept crossing | olkesişib tura eseif he has kept crossing | bizkesişib tura esekif we have kept crossing | sizkesişib tura esegizif you all have kept crossing | alakesişib tura eseleif they have kept crossing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkesişib turmay esemif I haven't kept crossing | senkesişib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept crossing | olkesişib turmay eseif he hasn't kept crossing | bizkesişib turmay esekif we haven't kept crossing | sizkesişib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept crossing | alakesişib turmay eseleif they haven't kept crossing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkesişe tursamif I keep crossing | senkesişe tursaŋif you keep crossing | olkesişe tursaif he keeps crossing | bizkesişe tursaqif we keep crossing | sizkesişe tursağızif you all keep crossing | alakesişe tursalaif they keep crossing |
| Progressive conditional | menkesişmey tursamif I keep on not crossing | senkesişmey tursaŋif you keep on not crossing | olkesişmey tursaif he keeps on not crossing | bizkesişmey tursaqif we keep on not crossing | sizkesişmey tursağızif you all keep on not crossing | alakesişmey tursalaif they keep on not crossing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkesişe tura esemif I am in the middle of crossing | senkesişe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of crossing | olkesişe tura eseif he is in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe tura esekif we are in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of crossing | alakesişe tura eseleif they are in the middle of crossing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkesişmey tura esemif I keep on not crossing | senkesişmey tura eseŋif you keep on not crossing | olkesişmey tura eseif he keeps on not crossing | bizkesişmey tura esekif we keep on not crossing | sizkesişmey tura esegizif you all keep on not crossing | alakesişmey tura eseleif they keep on not crossing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkesişdim esemif I crossed | senkesişdiŋ eseŋif you crossed | olkesişdi eseif he crossed | bizkesişdik esekif we crossed | sizkesişdigiz esegizif you all crossed | alakesişdile eseleif they crossed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkesişmedim esemif I didn't cross | senkesişmediŋ eseŋif you didn't cross | olkesişmedi eseif he didn't cross | bizkesişmedik esekif we didn't cross | sizkesişmedigiz esegizif you all didn't cross | alakesişmedile eseleif they didn't cross |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkesişgen esemif I did cross (indeed) | senkesişgen eseŋif you did cross (indeed) | olkesişgen eseif he did cross (indeed) | bizkesişgen esekif we did cross (indeed) | sizkesişgen esegizif you all did cross (indeed) | alakesişgen eseleif they did cross (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkesişmegen esemif I didn't cross (indeed) | senkesişmegen eseŋif you didn't cross (indeed) | olkesişmegen eseif he didn't cross (indeed) | bizkesişmegen esekif we didn't cross (indeed) | sizkesişmegen esegizif you all didn't cross (indeed) | alakesişmegen eseleif they didn't cross (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkesişgen bolsamif I had crossed | senkesişgen bolsaŋif you had crossed | olkesişgen bolsaif he had crossed | bizkesişgen bolsaqif we had crossed | sizkesişgen bolsağızif you all had crossed | alakesişgen bolsalaif they had crossed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkesişmegen bolsamif I hadn't crossed | senkesişmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't crossed | olkesişmegen bolsaif he hadn't crossed | bizkesişmegen bolsaqif we hadn't crossed | sizkesişmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't crossed | alakesişmegen bolsalaif they hadn't crossed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkesişgen bolsam edikesişgen bolsam edif only I had crossed | senkesişgen bolsaŋ edikesişgen bolsaŋ edif only you had crossed | olkesişgen bolsa edikesişgen bolsaedif only he had crossed | bizkesişgen bolsaq edikesişgen bolsaq edif only we had crossed | sizkesişgen bolsağız edikesişgen bolsağız edif only you all had crossed | alakesişgen bolsala edikesişgen bolsalaedif only they had crossed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkesişmegen bolsam edikesişmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't crossed | senkesişmegen bolsaŋ edikesişmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't crossed | olkesişmegen bolsa edikesişmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't crossed | bizkesişmegen bolsaq edikesişmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't crossed | sizkesişmegen bolsağız edikesişmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't crossed | alakesişmegen bolsala edikesişmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't crossed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkesişir esemif I will cross | senkesişir eseŋif you will cross | olkesişir eseif he will cross | bizkesişir esekif we will cross | sizkesişir esegizif you all will cross | alakesişir eseleif they will cross |
| Conditional, aorist | menkesişmez esemif I won't cross | senkesişmez eseŋif you won't cross | olkesişmez eseif he won't cross | bizkesişmez esekif we won't cross | sizkesişmez esegizif you all won't cross | alakesişmez eseleif they won't cross |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkesişirik esemif I am going to cross | senkesişirik eseŋif you are going to cross | olkesişirik eseif he is going to cross | bizkesişirik esekif we are going to cross | sizkesişirik esegizif you all are going to cross | alakesişirik eseleif they are going to cross |
| Conditional, future | menkesişirik tül esemif I am not going to cross | senkesişirik tül eseŋif you are not going to cross | olkesişirik tül eseif he is not going to cross | bizkesişirik tül esekif we are not going to cross | sizkesişirik tül esegizif you all are not going to cross | alakesişirik tül eseleif they are not going to cross |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkesişirik bolsamif I were going to cross | senkesişirik bolsaŋif you were going to cross | olkesişirik bolsaif he were going to cross | bizkesişirik bolsaqif we were going to cross | sizkesişirik bolsağızif you all were going to cross | alakesişirik bolsalaif they were going to cross |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkesişmezlik bolsamif I were not going to cross | senkesişmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to cross | olkesişmezlik bolsaif he were not going to cross | bizkesişmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to cross | sizkesişmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to cross | alakesişmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to cross |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kesişdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkesişe bolurmaI must be crossing | senkesişe bolursayou must be crossing | olkesişe bolurhe must be crossing | bizkesişe bolurbuzwe must be crossing | sizkesişe bolursuzyou all must be crossing | alakesişe bolurlathey must be crossing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkesişmey bolurmaI must not be crossing | senkesişmey bolursayou must not be crossing | olkesişmey bolurhe must not be crossing | bizkesişmey bolurbuzwe must not be crossing | sizkesişmey bolursuzyou all must not be crossing | alakesişmey bolurlathey must not be crossing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkesişe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of crossing | senkesişe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of crossing | olkesişe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of crossing | alakesişe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of crossing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkesişmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not crossing | senkesişmey tura bolursayou must keep on not crossing | olkesişmey tura bolurhe must keep on not crossing | bizkesişmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not crossing | sizkesişmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not crossing | alakesişmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not crossing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkesişgen bolurmaI must have crossed | senkesişgen bolursayou must have crossed | olkesişgen bolurhe must have crossed | bizkesişgen bolurbuzwe must have crossed | sizkesişgen bolursuzyou all must have crossed | alakesişgen bolurlathey must have crossed |
| Inference (must have) | menkesişmegen bolurmaI must not have crossed | senkesişmegen bolursayou must not have crossed | olkesişmegen bolurhe must not have crossed | bizkesişmegen bolurbuzwe must not have crossed | sizkesişmegen bolursuzyou all must not have crossed | alakesişmegen bolurlathey must not have crossed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkesişirik bolurmaI must be going to cross | senkesişirik bolursayou must be going to cross | olkesişirik bolurhe must be going to cross | bizkesişirik bolurbuzwe must be going to cross | sizkesişirik bolursuzyou all must be going to cross | alakesişirik bolurlathey must be going to cross |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkesişmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to cross | senkesişmezlik bolursayou must not be going to cross | olkesişmezlik bolurhe must not be going to cross | bizkesişmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to cross | sizkesişmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to cross | alakesişmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to cross |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkesişeyimlet me cross | senkesiş!cross! | olkesişsinlet him cross | bizkesişeyiklet's cross | sizkesişigiz!cross, you all! | alakesişsinlelet them cross |
| Commands & suggestions | menkesişmeyimlet me not cross | senkesişme!don't cross! | olkesişmesinlet him not cross | bizkesişmeyiklet's not cross | sizkesişmegiz!don't cross, you all! | alakesişmesinlelet them not cross |
| Commands & suggestions | menkesişeyimmi?shall I cross? | olkesişsinmi?should he cross? | bizkesişeyikmi?shall we cross? | alakesişsinlemi?should they cross? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkesişmeyimmi?shall I not cross? | olkesişmesinmi?should he not cross? | bizkesişmeyikmi?shall we not cross? | alakesişmesinlemi?should they not cross? | ||
| Requests | senkesişçi2kesişçinplease cross | olkesişsinçido let him cross | sizkesişçigizplease cross (plural/polite) | alakesişsinleçido let them cross | ||
| Requests | senkesişmeçi2kesişmeçinplease don't cross | olkesişmesinçido let him not cross | sizkesişmeçigizplease don't cross (plural/polite) | alakesişmesinleçido let them not cross | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkesişginkesişgimay you cross | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkesişmeginkesişmegimay you not cross | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkesişgey edim kesişge edimwould that I crossed | senkesişgey ediŋ kesişge ediŋwould that you crossed | olkesişgey edi kesişge ediwould that he crossed | bizkesişgey edik kesişge edikwould that we crossed | sizkesişgey edigiz kesişge edigizwould that you all crossed | alakesişgey edile kesişge edilewould that they crossed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkesişmegey edim kesişmege edimwould that I did not cross | senkesişmegey ediŋ kesişmege ediŋwould that you did not cross | olkesişmegey edi kesişmege ediwould that he did not cross | bizkesişmegey edik kesişmege edikwould that we did not cross | sizkesişmegey edigiz kesişmege edigizwould that you all did not cross | alakesişmegey edile kesişmege edilewould that they did not cross |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkesişmege qoyayımkesişme qoyayımlet me allow someone to cross | senkesişmege qoy!kesişme qoy!let someone cross! | olkesişmege qoysunkesişme qoysunlet him allow someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoyayıqkesişme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoyuğuz!kesişme qoyuğuz!let someone cross, you all! | alakesişmege qoysunlakesişme qoysunlalet them allow someone to cross |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkesişmege qoymayımkesişme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cross | senkesişmege qoyma!kesişme qoyma!don't let someone cross! | olkesişmege qoymasınkesişme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoymayıqkesişme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoymağız!kesişme qoymağız!don't let someone cross, you all! | alakesişmege qoymasınlakesişme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cross |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkesişmege qoyayımmı?kesişme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoysunmu?kesişme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoyayıqmı?kesişme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoysunlamı?kesişme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cross? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkesişmege qoymayımmı?kesişme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoymasınmı?kesişme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoymayıqmı?kesişme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoymasınlamı?kesişme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cross? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkesişmege qoyamakesişme qoyamaI allow someone to cross | senkesişmege qoyasakesişme qoyasayou allow someone to cross | olkesişmege qoyadıkesişme qoyadıhe allows someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoyabızkesişme qoyabızwe allow someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoyasızkesişme qoyasızyou all allow someone to cross | alakesişmege qoyadılakesişme qoyadılathey allow someone to cross |
| Let someone… (present) | menkesişmege qoymaymakesişme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cross | senkesişmege qoymaysakesişme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cross | olkesişmege qoymaydıkesişme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoymaybızkesişme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoymaysızkesişme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cross | alakesişmege qoymaydılakesişme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cross |
| Let someone… (present) | menkesişmege qoyamamı?kesişme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cross? | senkesişmege qoyamısa?kesişme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoyamıdı?kesişme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoyabızmı?kesişme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cross? | sizkesişmege qoyamısız?kesişme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoyamıdıla?kesişme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cross? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkesişmege qoymaymamı?kesişme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cross? | senkesişmege qoymaymısa?kesişme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoymaymıdı?kesişme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoymaybızmı?kesişme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cross? | sizkesişmege qoymaymısız?kesişme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoymaymıdıla?kesişme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cross? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkesişmege qoydumkesişme qoydumI allowed someone to cross | senkesişmege qoyduŋkesişme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cross | olkesişmege qoydukesişme qoyduhe allowed someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoyduqkesişme qoyduqwe allowed someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoyduğuzkesişme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cross | alakesişmege qoydulakesişme qoydulathey allowed someone to cross |
| Let someone… (past) | menkesişmege qoymadımkesişme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cross | senkesişmege qoymadıŋkesişme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cross | olkesişmege qoymadıkesişme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cross | bizkesişmege qoymadıqkesişme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cross | sizkesişmege qoymadığızkesişme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cross | alakesişmege qoymadılakesişme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cross |
| Let someone… (past) | menkesişmege qoydummu?kesişme qoydummu?did I allow someone to cross? | senkesişmege qoyduŋmu?kesişme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoydumu?kesişme qoydumu?did he allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoyduqmu?kesişme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cross? | sizkesişmege qoyduğuzmu?kesişme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoydulamı?kesişme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cross? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkesişmege qoymadımmı?kesişme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cross? | senkesişmege qoymadıŋmı?kesişme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cross? | olkesişmege qoymadımı?kesişme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cross? | bizkesişmege qoymadıqmı?kesişme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cross? | sizkesişmege qoymadığızmı?kesişme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cross? | alakesişmege qoymadılamı?kesişme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cross? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkesişalamaI can cross | senkesişalasayou can cross | olkesişaladıhe can cross | bizkesişalabızwe can cross | sizkesişalasızyou all can cross | alakesişaladılathey can cross |
| Ability — present | menkesişalmaymaI can't cross | senkesişalmaysayou can't cross | olkesişalmaydıhe can't cross | bizkesişalmaybızwe can't cross | sizkesişalmaysızyou all can't cross | alakesişalmaydılathey can't cross |
| Ability — present | menkesişalamamı? kesişalamıma?can I cross? | senkesişalamısa?can you cross? | olkesişalamıdı?can he cross? | bizkesişalabızmı? kesişalamıbız?can we cross? | sizkesişalamısız?can you all cross? | alakesişalamıdıla?can they cross? |
| Ability — present | menkesişalmaymamı? kesişalmaymıma?can't I cross? | senkesişalmaymısa?can't you cross? | olkesişalmaymıdı?can't he cross? | bizkesişalmaybızmı? kesişalmaymıbız?can't we cross? | sizkesişalmaymısız?can't you all cross? | alakesişalmaymıdıla?can't they cross? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkesişalsamif I can cross | senkesişalsaŋif you can cross | olkesişalsaif he can cross | bizkesişalsaqif we can cross | sizkesişalsağızif you all can cross | alakesişalsalaif they can cross |
| Ability — if I can… | menkesişalmasamif I can't cross | senkesişalmasaŋif you can't cross | olkesişalmasaif he can't cross | bizkesişalmasaqif we can't cross | sizkesişalmasağızif you all can't cross | alakesişalmasalaif they can't cross |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkesişaldımI was able to cross | senkesişaldıŋyou were able to cross | olkesişaldıhe was able to cross | bizkesişaldıqwe were able to cross | sizkesişaldığızyou all were able to cross | alakesişaldılathey were able to cross |
| Ability — simple past | menkesişalmadımI could not cross | senkesişalmadıŋyou could not cross | olkesişalmadıhe could not cross | bizkesişalmadıqwe could not cross | sizkesişalmadığızyou all could not cross | alakesişalmadılathey could not cross |
| Ability — simple past | menkesişaldımmı?was I able to cross? | senkesişaldıŋmı?were you able to cross? | olkesişaldımı?was he able to cross? | bizkesişaldıqmı?were we able to cross? | sizkesişaldığızmı?were you all able to cross? | alakesişaldılamı?were they able to cross? |
| Ability — simple past | menkesişalmadımmı?couldn't I cross? | senkesişalmadıŋmı?couldn't you cross? | olkesişalmadımı?couldn't he cross? | bizkesişalmadıqmı?couldn't we cross? | sizkesişalmadığızmı?couldn't you all cross? | alakesişalmadılamı?couldn't they cross? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkesişalğanmaI have been able to cross | senkesişalğansayou have been able to cross | olkesişalğandıhe has been able to cross | bizkesişalğanbızwe have been able to cross | sizkesişalğansızyou all have been able to cross | alakesişalğandılathey have been able to cross |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkesişalmağanmaI haven't been able to cross | senkesişalmağansayou haven't been able to cross | olkesişalmağandıhe hasn't been able to cross | bizkesişalmağanbızwe haven't been able to cross | sizkesişalmağansızyou all haven't been able to cross | alakesişalmağandılathey haven't been able to cross |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkesişalğanmamı? kesişalğanmıma?have I been able to cross? | senkesişalğanmısa?have you been able to cross? | olkesişalğanmıdı?has he been able to cross? | bizkesişalğanbızmı? kesişalğanmıbız?have we been able to cross? | sizkesişalğanmısız?have you all been able to cross? | alakesişalğanmıdıla?have they been able to cross? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkesişalmağanmamı? kesişalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cross? | senkesişalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cross? | olkesişalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cross? | bizkesişalmağanbızmı? kesişalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cross? | sizkesişalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cross? | alakesişalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cross? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkesişalğan edimkesişalğanemI had been able to cross | senkesişalğan ediŋkesişalğaneŋyou had been able to cross | olkesişalğan edikesişalğanedhe had been able to cross | bizkesişalğan edikkesişalğanekwe had been able to cross | sizkesişalğan edigizkesişalğanegizyou all had been able to cross | alakesişalğan edilekesişalğanellethey had been able to cross |
| Ability — past perfect | menkesişalmağan edimkesişalmağanemI hadn't been able to cross | senkesişalmağan ediŋkesişalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cross | olkesişalmağan edikesişalmağanedhe hadn't been able to cross | bizkesişalmağan edikkesişalmağanekwe hadn't been able to cross | sizkesişalmağan edigizkesişalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cross | alakesişalmağan edilekesişalmağanellethey hadn't been able to cross |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkesişala edimkesişalaemI could cross | senkesişala ediŋkesişalaeŋyou could cross | olkesişala edikesişalaedhe could cross | bizkesişala edikkesişalaekwe could cross | sizkesişala edigizkesişalaegizyou all could cross | alakesişala edilekesişalaellethey could cross |
| Ability — past background | menkesişalmay edimkesişalmayemI could not cross | senkesişalmay ediŋkesişalmayeŋyou could not cross | olkesişalmay edikesişalmayedhe could not cross | bizkesişalmay edikkesişalmayekwe could not cross | sizkesişalmay edigizkesişalmayegizyou all could not cross | alakesişalmay edilekesişalmayellethey could not cross |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkesişalırmaI will be able to cross | senkesişalırsayou will be able to cross | olkesişalırhe will be able to cross | bizkesişalırbızwe will be able to cross | sizkesişalırsızyou all will be able to cross | alakesişalırlathey will be able to cross |
| Ability — future I | menkesişalmazmaI won't be able to cross | senkesişalmazsayou won't be able to cross | olkesişalmazhe won't be able to cross | bizkesişalmazbızwe won't be able to cross | sizkesişalmazsızyou all won't be able to cross | alakesişalmazlathey won't be able to cross |
| Ability — future I | menkesişalırmamı? kesişalırmıma?will I be able to cross? | senkesişalırmısa?will you be able to cross? | olkesişalırmı?will he be able to cross? | bizkesişalırbızmı? kesişalırmıbız?will we be able to cross? | sizkesişalırmısız?will you all be able to cross? | alakesişalırlamı? kesişalırmıla?will they be able to cross? |
| Ability — future I | menkesişalmazmamı? kesişalmazmıma?won't I be able to cross? | senkesişalmazmısa?won't you be able to cross? | olkesişalmazmı?won't he be able to cross? | bizkesişalmazbızmı? kesişalmazmıbız?won't we be able to cross? | sizkesişalmazmısız?won't you all be able to cross? | alakesişalmazlamı? kesişalmazmıla?won't they be able to cross? |
| Ability — future II | menkesişallıqmaI am going to be able to cross | senkesişallıqsayou are going to be able to cross | olkesişallıqdıhe is going to be able to cross | bizkesişallıqbızwe are going to be able to cross | sizkesişallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cross | alakesişallıqdılathey are going to be able to cross |
| Ability — future II | menkesişallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cross | senkesişallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cross | olkesişallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cross | bizkesişallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cross | sizkesişallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cross | alakesişallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cross |
| Ability — future II | menkesişallıqmamı? kesişallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cross? | senkesişallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cross? | olkesişallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cross? | bizkesişallıqbızmı? kesişallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cross? | sizkesişallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cross? | alakesişallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cross? |
| Ability — future II | menkesişallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cross? | senkesişallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cross? | olkesişallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cross? | bizkesişallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cross? | sizkesişallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cross? | alakesişallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cross? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkesişalır edimkesişalır emI would be able to cross | senkesişalır ediŋkesişalır eŋyou would be able to cross | olkesişalır edikesişalır edhe would be able to cross | bizkesişalır edikkesişalır ekwe would be able to cross | sizkesişalır edigizkesişalır egizyou all would be able to cross | alakesişalır edilekesişalır ellethey would be able to cross |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkesişalmaz edimkesişalmaz emI wouldn't be able to cross | senkesişalmaz ediŋkesişalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cross | olkesişalmaz edikesişalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cross | bizkesişalmaz edikkesişalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cross | sizkesişalmaz edigizkesişalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cross | alakesişalmaz edilekesişalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cross |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkesişalğınkesişalğımay you be able to cross | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkesişalmağınkesişalmağımay you not be able to cross | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkesişirge izleymeI want to cross | senkesişirge izleyseyou want to cross | olkesişirge izleydihe wants to cross | bizkesişirge izleybizwe want to cross | sizkesişirge izleysizyou all want to cross | alakesişirge izleydilethey want to cross |
| want to | menkesişirge izlemeymeI do not want to cross | senkesişirge izlemeyseyou do not want to cross | olkesişirge izlemeydihe does not want to cross | bizkesişirge izlemeybizwe do not want to cross | sizkesişirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to cross | alakesişirge izlemeydilethey do not want to cross |
| would like to | menkesişirge süemeI would like to cross | senkesişirge süeseyou would like to cross | olkesişirge süedihe would like to cross | bizkesişirge süebizwe would like to cross | sizkesişirge süesizyou all would like to cross | alakesişirge süedilethey would like to cross |
| would like to | menkesişirge süymeymeI would not like to cross | senkesişirge süymeyseyou would not like to cross | olkesişirge süymeydihe would not like to cross | bizkesişirge süymeybizwe would not like to cross | sizkesişirge süymeysizyou all would not like to cross | alakesişirge süymeydilethey would not like to cross |
| hope to | menkesişirge umutlanamaI hope to cross | senkesişirge umutlanasayou hope to cross | olkesişirge umutlanadıhe hopes to cross | bizkesişirge umutlanabızwe hope to cross | sizkesişirge umutlanasızyou all hope to cross | alakesişirge umutlanadılathey hope to cross |
| hope to | menkesişirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cross | senkesişirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cross | olkesişirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cross | bizkesişirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cross | sizkesişirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cross | alakesişirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cross |
| be about to | menkesişirge deb turamaI am about to cross | senkesişirge deb turasayou are about to cross | olkesişirge deb turadıhe is about to cross | bizkesişirge deb turabızwe are about to cross | sizkesişirge deb turasızyou all are about to cross | alakesişirge deb turadılathey are about to cross |
| be about to | menkesişirge deb turmaymaI am not about to cross | senkesişirge deb turmaysayou are not about to cross | olkesişirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to cross | bizkesişirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to cross | sizkesişirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cross | alakesişirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to cross |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkesişirge kerekmeI need to cross | senkesişirge kerekseyou need to cross | olkesişirge kerekdihe needs to cross | bizkesişirge kerekbizwe need to cross | sizkesişirge kereksizyou all need to cross | alakesişirge kerekdilethey need to cross |
| need to | menkesişirge kerek tülmeI do not need to cross | senkesişirge kerek tülseyou do not need to cross | olkesişirge kerek tüldühe does not need to cross | bizkesişirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cross | sizkesişirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cross | alakesişirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to cross |
| have to | menmenŋe kesişirge tüşediI have to cross | sensenŋe kesişirge tüşediyou have to cross | olaŋa kesişirge tüşedihe has to cross | bizbizge kesişirge tüşediwe have to cross | sizsizge kesişirge tüşediyou all have to cross | alaalağa kesişirge tüşedithey have to cross |
| have to | menmenŋe kesişirge tüşmeydiI do not have to cross | sensenŋe kesişirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to cross | olaŋa kesişirge tüşmeydihe does not have to cross | bizbizge kesişirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to cross | sizsizge kesişirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cross | alaalağa kesişirge tüşmeydithey do not have to cross |
| be obliged to | menkesişirge borçlumaI am obliged to cross | senkesişirge borçlusayou are obliged to cross | olkesişirge borçluduhe is obliged to cross | bizkesişirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to cross | sizkesişirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cross | alakesişirge borçludulathey are obliged to cross |
| be obliged to | menkesişirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cross | senkesişirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cross | olkesişirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cross | bizkesişirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cross | sizkesişirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cross | alakesişirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cross |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkesişirge madarım bardıI have a way to cross | senkesişirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cross | olkesişirge madarı bardıhe has a way to cross | bizkesişirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cross | sizkesişirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cross | alakesişirge madarları bardıthey have a way to cross |
| have a way to | menkesişirge madarım joqduI have no way to cross | senkesişirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cross | olkesişirge madarı joqduhe has no way to cross | bizkesişirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cross | sizkesişirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cross | alakesişirge madarları joqduthey have no way to cross |
| be free to | menkesişirge erkinligim bardıI am free to cross | senkesişirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cross | olkesişirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to cross | bizkesişirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cross | sizkesişirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cross | alakesişirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cross |
| be free to | menkesişirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to cross | senkesişirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cross | olkesişirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cross | bizkesişirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cross | sizkesişirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cross | alakesişirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cross |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for me to cross | sensenŋe kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for you to cross | olaŋa kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for him to cross | bizbizge kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for us to cross | sizsizge kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to cross | alaalağa kesişirge bolluqduit is possible for them to cross |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cross | sensenŋe kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cross | olaŋa kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cross | bizbizge kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cross | sizsizge kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cross | alaalağa kesişirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cross |
| be ready to | menkesişirge hazırmaI am ready to cross | senkesişirge hazırsayou are ready to cross | olkesişirge hazırdıhe is ready to cross | bizkesişirge hazırbızwe are ready to cross | sizkesişirge hazırsızyou all are ready to cross | alakesişirge hazırdılathey are ready to cross |
| be ready to | menkesişirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to cross | senkesişirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to cross | olkesişirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to cross | bizkesişirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cross | sizkesişirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cross | alakesişirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cross |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkesişirge küreşemeI am trying to cross | senkesişirge küreşeseyou are trying to cross | olkesişirge küreşedihe is trying to cross | bizkesişirge küreşebizwe are trying to cross | sizkesişirge küreşesizyou all are trying to cross | alakesişirge küreşedilethey are trying to cross |
| try to | menkesişirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to cross | senkesişirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cross | olkesişirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to cross | bizkesişirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cross | sizkesişirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cross | alakesişirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cross |
| agree to | menkesişirge unaymaI agree to cross | senkesişirge unaysayou agree to cross | olkesişirge unaydıhe agrees to cross | bizkesişirge unaybızwe agree to cross | sizkesişirge unaysızyou all agree to cross | alakesişirge unaydılathey agree to cross |
| agree to | menkesişirge unamaymaI refuse to cross | senkesişirge unamaysayou refuse to cross | olkesişirge unamaydıhe refuses to cross | bizkesişirge unamaybızwe refuse to cross | sizkesişirge unamaysızyou all refuse to cross | alakesişirge unamaydılathey refuse to cross |
| hurry to | menkesişirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to cross | senkesişirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to cross | olkesişirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cross | bizkesişirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cross | sizkesişirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cross | alakesişirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cross |
| hurry to | menkesişirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cross | senkesişirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cross | olkesişirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cross | bizkesişirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cross | sizkesişirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cross | alakesişirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cross |
| be afraid to | menkesişirge qorqamaI am afraid to cross | senkesişirge qorqasayou are afraid to cross | olkesişirge qorqadıhe is afraid to cross | bizkesişirge qorqabızwe are afraid to cross | sizkesişirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to cross | alakesişirge qorqadılathey are afraid to cross |
| be afraid to | menkesişirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cross | senkesişirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cross | olkesişirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cross | bizkesişirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cross | sizkesişirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cross | alakesişirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cross |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkesişe bolmazmaI can't be crossing | senkesişe bolmazsayou can't be crossing | olkesişe bolmazhe can't be crossing | bizkesişe bolmazbızwe can't be crossing | sizkesişe bolmazsızyou all can't be crossing | alakesişe bolmazlathey can't be crossing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkesişmey bolmazmaI must be crossing (emphatic) | senkesişmey bolmazsayou must be crossing (emphatic) | olkesişmey bolmazhe must be crossing (emphatic) | bizkesişmey bolmazbızwe must be crossing (emphatic) | sizkesişmey bolmazsızyou all must be crossing (emphatic) | alakesişmey bolmazlathey must be crossing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkesişe turmasamif I don't keep crossing | senkesişe turmasaŋif you don't keep crossing | olkesişe turmasaif he doesn't keep crossing | bizkesişe turmasaqif we don't keep crossing | sizkesişe turmasağızif you all don't keep crossing | alakesişe turmasalaif they don't keep crossing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkesişe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of crossing | senkesişe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of crossing | olkesişe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of crossing | bizkesişe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of crossing | sizkesişe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of crossing | alakesişe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of crossing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkesişmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not crossing (emphatic) | senkesişmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not crossing (emphatic) | olkesişmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not crossing (emphatic) | bizkesişmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not crossing (emphatic) | sizkesişmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not crossing (emphatic) | alakesişmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not crossing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkesişmey turamaI keep on not crossing | senkesişmey turasayou keep on not crossing | olkesişmey turadıhe keeps on not crossing | bizkesişmey turabızwe keep on not crossing | sizkesişmey turasızyou all keep on not crossing | alakesişmey turadılathey keep on not crossing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkesişmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not crossing | senkesişmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not crossing | olkesişmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not crossing | bizkesişmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not crossing | sizkesişmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not crossing | alakesişmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not crossing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkesişmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not crossing? | senkesişmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not crossing? | olkesişmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not crossing? | bizkesişmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not crossing? | sizkesişmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not crossing? | alakesişmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not crossing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkesişgen bolmazmaI can't have crossed | senkesişgen bolmazsayou can't have crossed | olkesişgen bolmazhe can't have crossed | bizkesişgen bolmazbızwe can't have crossed | sizkesişgen bolmazsızyou all can't have crossed | alakesişgen bolmazlathey can't have crossed |
| Inference — double negation | menkesişmegen bolmazmaI must have crossed (emphatic) | senkesişmegen bolmazsayou must have crossed (emphatic) | olkesişmegen bolmazhe must have crossed (emphatic) | bizkesişmegen bolmazbızwe must have crossed (emphatic) | sizkesişmegen bolmazsızyou all must have crossed (emphatic) | alakesişmegen bolmazlathey must have crossed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkesişgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had crossed | senkesişgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had crossed | olkesişgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had crossed | bizkesişgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had crossed | sizkesişgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had crossed | alakesişgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had crossed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkesişmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't crossed | senkesişmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't crossed | olkesişmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't crossed | bizkesişmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't crossed | sizkesişmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't crossed | alakesişmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't crossed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkesişirik bolmazmaI can't be going to cross | senkesişirik bolmazsayou can't be going to cross | olkesişirik bolmazhe can't be going to cross | bizkesişirik bolmazbızwe can't be going to cross | sizkesişirik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cross | alakesişirik bolmazlathey can't be going to cross |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkesişmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to cross (emphatic) | senkesişmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to cross (emphatic) | olkesişmezlik bolmazhe must be going to cross (emphatic) | bizkesişmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to cross (emphatic) | sizkesişmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to cross (emphatic) | alakesişmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to cross (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkesişirik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cross | senkesişirik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cross | olkesişirik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cross | bizkesişirik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cross | sizkesişirik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cross | alakesişirik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cross |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkesişmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cross | senkesişmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cross | olkesişmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cross | bizkesişmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cross | sizkesişmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cross | alakesişmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cross |