kerkerge
/kerkerɡe/
notch, score, cut a nick in — Used for cutting notches or marks into wood, as in tayaqnı kerkerge "cut notches in a stick". Synonym: kerterge.
- tayaqnı kerkerge — to cut notches in the stick
- tomurawnu kerkerge — to notch the log
- tayaqnı bıçaq bla kerkdi — he notched the stick with a knife
- men ağaçnı kerkeme — I notch the wood
- kerke başlağan qaşıqlığın — the spoon blank he had begun to notch
- baltanı tomuraw kerkgen, jonŋan tawuşları — the sounds of the axe notching and hewing the log
- qaşıqlıqnı kerkerge — to notch the spoon blank
Conjugation
Common forms
- kerkedihe is notching
- kerkdihe notched
- kerkgendihe has notched
- kerkerhe will notch
- kerkerikdihe is going to notch
- kerke edihe was notching
- kerkseif he notches
- kerk!notch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkerkemeI am notching | senkerkeseyou are notching | olkerkedihe is notching | bizkerkebizwe are notching | sizkerkesizyou all are notching | alakerkedilethey are notching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkerkmeymeI am not notching | senkerkmeyseyou are not notching | olkerkmeydihe is not notching | bizkerkmeybizwe are not notching | sizkerkmeysizyou all are not notching | alakerkmeydilethey are not notching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkerkememi? kerkemime?am I notching? | senkerkemise?are you notching? | olkerkemidi?is he notching? | bizkerkebizmi? kerkemibiz?are we notching? | sizkerkemisiz?are you all notching? | alakerkemidile?are they notching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkerkmeymemi? kerkmeymime?aren't I notching? | senkerkmeymise?aren't you notching? | olkerkmeymidi?isn't he notching? | bizkerkmeybizmi? kerkmeymibiz?aren't we notching? | sizkerkmeymisiz?aren't you all notching? | alakerkmeymidile?aren't they notching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkerkiwçenmeI usually notch | senkerkiwçenseyou usually notch | olkerkiwçendihe usually notches | bizkerkiwçenbizwe usually notch | sizkerkiwçensizyou all usually notch | alakerkiwçendilethey usually notch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkerkmewçenmeI usually don't notch | senkerkmewçenseyou usually don't notch | olkerkmewçendihe usually doesn't notch | bizkerkmewçenbizwe usually don't notch | sizkerkmewçensizyou all usually don't notch | alakerkmewçendilethey usually don't notch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkerkiwçenmemi? kerkiwçenmime?do I usually notch? | senkerkiwçenmise?do you usually notch? | olkerkiwçenmidi?does he usually notch? | bizkerkiwçenbizmi? kerkiwçenmibiz?do we usually notch? | sizkerkiwçenmisiz?do you all usually notch? | alakerkiwçenmidile?do they usually notch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkerkmewçenmemi? kerkmewçenmime?do I usually not notch? | senkerkmewçenmise?do you usually not notch? | olkerkmewçenmidi?does he usually not notch? | bizkerkmewçenbizmi? kerkmewçenmibiz?do we usually not notch? | sizkerkmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not notch? | alakerkmewçenmidile?do they usually not notch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkerkibdihe has notched and remains so | alakerkibdilethey have notched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkerkibmidi?has he notched? | alakerkibmidile?have they notched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerkib turamaI keep notching | senkerkib turasayou keep notching | olkerkib turadıhe keeps notching | bizkerkib turabızwe keep notching | sizkerkib turasızyou all keep notching | alakerkib turadılathey keep notching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerkib turmaymaI don't keep notching | senkerkib turmaysayou don't keep notching | olkerkib turmaydıhe doesn't keep notching | bizkerkib turmaybızwe don't keep notching | sizkerkib turmaysızyou all don't keep notching | alakerkib turmaydılathey don't keep notching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerkib turamamı? kerkib turamıma?do I keep notching? | senkerkib turamısa?do you keep notching? | olkerkib turamıdı?does he keep notching? | bizkerkib turabızmı? kerkib turamıbız?do we keep notching? | sizkerkib turamısız?do you all keep notching? | alakerkib turamıdıla?do they keep notching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerkib turmaymamı? kerkib turmaymıma?don't I keep notching? | senkerkib turmaymısa?don't you keep notching? | olkerkib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep notching? | bizkerkib turmaybızmı? kerkib turmaymıbız?don't we keep notching? | sizkerkib turmaymısız?don't you all keep notching? | alakerkib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep notching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkerke turamaI am in the middle of notching | senkerke turasayou are in the middle of notching | olkerke turadıhe is in the middle of notching | bizkerke turabızwe are in the middle of notching | sizkerke turasızyou all are in the middle of notching | alakerke turadılathey are in the middle of notching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkerke turmaymaI am not in the middle of notching | senkerke turmaysayou are not in the middle of notching | olkerke turmaydıhe is not in the middle of notching | bizkerke turmaybızwe are not in the middle of notching | sizkerke turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of notching | alakerke turmaydılathey are not in the middle of notching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkerke turamamı? kerke turamıma?am I in the middle of notching? | senkerke turamısa?are you in the middle of notching? | olkerke turamıdı?is he in the middle of notching? | bizkerke turabızmı? kerke turamıbız?are we in the middle of notching? | sizkerke turamısız?are you all in the middle of notching? | alakerke turamıdıla?are they in the middle of notching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkerke turmaymamı? kerke turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of notching? | senkerke turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of notching? | olkerke turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of notching? | bizkerke turmaybızmı? kerke turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of notching? | sizkerke turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of notching? | alakerke turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of notching? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerkdimI notched | senkerkdiŋyou notched | olkerkdihe notched | bizkerkdikwe notched | sizkerkdigizyou all notched | alakerkdilethey notched |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerkmedimI didn't notch | senkerkmediŋyou didn't notch | olkerkmedihe didn't notch | bizkerkmedikwe didn't notch | sizkerkmedigizyou all didn't notch | alakerkmedilethey didn't notch |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerkdimmi?did I notch? | senkerkdiŋmi?did you notch? | olkerkdimi?did he notch? | bizkerkdikmi?did we notch? | sizkerkdigizmi?did you all notch? | alakerkdilemi?did they notch? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerkmedimmi?didn't I notch? | senkerkmediŋmi?didn't you notch? | olkerkmedimi?didn't he notch? | bizkerkmedikmi?didn't we notch? | sizkerkmedigizmi?didn't you all notch? | alakerkmedilemi?didn't they notch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkerkgenmeI have notched | senkerkgenseyou have notched | olkerkgendihe has notched | bizkerkgenbizwe have notched | sizkerkgensizyou all have notched | alakerkgendilethey have notched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkerkmegenmeI haven't notched | senkerkmegenseyou haven't notched | olkerkmegendihe hasn't notched | bizkerkmegenbizwe haven't notched | sizkerkmegensizyou all haven't notched | alakerkmegendilethey haven't notched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkerkgenmemi? kerkgenmime?have I notched? | senkerkgenmise?have you notched? | olkerkgenmidi?has he notched? | bizkerkgenbizmi? kerkgenmibiz?have we notched? | sizkerkgenmisiz?have you all notched? | alakerkgenmidile?have they notched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkerkmegenmemi? kerkmegenmime?haven't I notched? | senkerkmegenmise?haven't you notched? | olkerkmegenmidi?hasn't he notched? | bizkerkmegenbizmi? kerkmegenmibiz?haven't we notched? | sizkerkmegenmisiz?haven't you all notched? | alakerkmegenmidile?haven't they notched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkerkib turdumI kept notching | senkerkib turduŋyou kept notching | olkerkib turduhe kept notching | bizkerkib turduqwe kept notching | sizkerkib turduğuzyou all kept notching | alakerkib turdulathey kept notching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkerkib turmadımI didn't keep notching | senkerkib turmadıŋyou didn't keep notching | olkerkib turmadıhe didn't keep notching | bizkerkib turmadıqwe didn't keep notching | sizkerkib turmadığızyou all didn't keep notching | alakerkib turmadılathey didn't keep notching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerkermeI will notch | senkerkerseyou will notch | olkerkerhe will notch | bizkerkerbizwe will notch | sizkerkersizyou all will notch | alakerkerlethey will notch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerkmezmeI won't notch | senkerkmezseyou won't notch | olkerkmezhe won't notch | bizkerkmezbizwe won't notch | sizkerkmezsizyou all won't notch | alakerkmezlethey won't notch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerkermemi? kerkermime?will I notch? | senkerkermise?will you notch? | olkerkermi?will he notch? | bizkerkerbizmi? kerkermibiz?will we notch? | sizkerkermisiz?will you all notch? | alakerkerlemi? kerkermile?will they notch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerkmezmemi? kerkmezmime?won't I notch? | senkerkmezmise?won't you notch? | olkerkmezmi?won't he notch? | bizkerkmezbizmi? kerkmezmibiz?won't we notch? | sizkerkmezmisiz?won't you all notch? | alakerkmezlemi? kerkmezmile?won't they notch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerkerikmeI am going to notch | senkerkerikseyou are going to notch | olkerkerikdihe is going to notch | bizkerkerikbizwe are going to notch | sizkerkeriksizyou all are going to notch | alakerkerikdilethey are going to notch |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerkerik tülmeI am not going to notch | senkerkerik tülseyou are not going to notch | olkerkerik tüldühe is not going to notch | bizkerkerik tülbüzwe are not going to notch | sizkerkerik tülsüzyou all are not going to notch | alakerkerik tüldülethey are not going to notch |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerkerikmemi? kerkerikmime?am I going to notch? | senkerkerikmise?are you going to notch? | olkerkerikmidi?is he going to notch? | bizkerkerikbizmi? kerkerikmibiz?are we going to notch? | sizkerkerikmisiz?are you all going to notch? | alakerkerikmidile?are they going to notch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerkerik tülmüme?aren't I going to notch? | senkerkerik tülmüse?aren't you going to notch? | olkerkerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to notch? | bizkerkerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to notch? | sizkerkerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to notch? | alakerkerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to notch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkerkgen edimkerkgenemI had notched | senkerkgen ediŋkerkgeneŋyou had notched | olkerkgen edikerkgenedhe had notched | bizkerkgen edikkerkgenekwe had notched | sizkerkgen edigizkerkgenegizyou all had notched | alakerkgen edilekerkgenellethey had notched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkerkmegen edimkerkmegenemI hadn't notched | senkerkmegen ediŋkerkmegeneŋyou hadn't notched | olkerkmegen edikerkmegenedhe hadn't notched | bizkerkmegen edikkerkmegenekwe hadn't notched | sizkerkmegen edigizkerkmegenegizyou all hadn't notched | alakerkmegen edilekerkmegenellethey hadn't notched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkerke edimkerkemI was notching | senkerke ediŋkerkeŋyou were notching | olkerke edikerkedhe was notching | bizkerke edikkerkekwe were notching | sizkerke edigizkerkegizyou all were notching | alakerke edilekerkellethey were notching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkerkmey edimkerkmeyemI wasn't notching | senkerkmey ediŋkerkmeyeŋyou weren't notching | olkerkmey edikerkmeyedhe wasn't notching | bizkerkmey edikkerkmeyekwe weren't notching | sizkerkmey edigizkerkmeyegizyou all weren't notching | alakerkmey edilekerkmeyellethey weren't notching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkerkiwçen edimkerkiwçenemI used to notch | senkerkiwçen ediŋkerkiwçeneŋyou used to notch | olkerkiwçen edikerkiwçenedhe used to notch | bizkerkiwçen edikkerkiwçenekwe used to notch | sizkerkiwçen edigizkerkiwçenegizyou all used to notch | alakerkiwçen edilekerkiwçenellethey used to notch |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkerkmewçen edimkerkmewçenemI didn't use to notch | senkerkmewçen ediŋkerkmewçeneŋyou didn't use to notch | olkerkmewçen edikerkmewçenedhe didn't use to notch | bizkerkmewçen edikkerkmewçenekwe didn't use to notch | sizkerkmewçen edigizkerkmewçenegizyou all didn't use to notch | alakerkmewçen edilekerkmewçenellethey didn't use to notch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkerkib edihe had notched and remained so | alakerkib edilethey had notched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkerkib tül edihe hadn't notched | alakerkib tül edilethey hadn't notched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkerkib tura edimkerkib turaemI had kept notching | senkerkib tura ediŋkerkib turaeŋyou had kept notching | olkerkib tura edikerkib turaedhe had kept notching | bizkerkib tura edikkerkib turaekwe had kept notching | sizkerkib tura edigizkerkib turaegizyou all had kept notching | alakerkib tura edilekerkib turaellethey had kept notching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkerkib turmay edimkerkib turmayemI hadn't kept notching | senkerkib turmay ediŋkerkib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept notching | olkerkib turmay edikerkib turmayedhe hadn't kept notching | bizkerkib turmay edikkerkib turmayekwe hadn't kept notching | sizkerkib turmay edigizkerkib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept notching | alakerkib turmay edilekerkib turmayellethey hadn't kept notching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkerke tura edimkerke turaemI was in the middle of notching | senkerke tura ediŋkerke turaeŋyou were in the middle of notching | olkerke tura edikerke turaedhe was in the middle of notching | bizkerke tura edikkerke turaekwe were in the middle of notching | sizkerke tura edigizkerke turaegizyou all were in the middle of notching | alakerke tura edilekerke turaellethey were in the middle of notching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkerke turmay edimkerke turmayemI wasn't in the middle of notching | senkerke turmay ediŋkerke turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of notching | olkerke turmay edikerke turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of notching | bizkerke turmay edikkerke turmayekwe weren't in the middle of notching | sizkerke turmay edigizkerke turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of notching | alakerke turmay edilekerke turmayellethey weren't in the middle of notching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkerker edimkerker emI would notch | senkerker ediŋkerker eŋyou would notch | olkerker edikerker edhe would notch | bizkerker edikkerker ekwe would notch | sizkerker edigizkerker egizyou all would notch | alakerker edilekerker ellethey would notch |
| Conditional result (would) | menkerkmez edimkerkmez emI wouldn't notch | senkerkmez ediŋkerkmez eŋyou wouldn't notch | olkerkmez edikerkmez edhe wouldn't notch | bizkerkmez edikkerkmez ekwe wouldn't notch | sizkerkmez edigizkerkmez egizyou all wouldn't notch | alakerkmez edilekerkmez ellethey wouldn't notch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkerkerik edimkerkerik emI would have notched | senkerkerik ediŋkerkerik eŋyou would have notched | olkerkerik edikerkerik edhe would have notched | bizkerkerik edikkerkerik ekwe would have notched | sizkerkerik edigizkerkerik egizyou all would have notched | alakerkerik edilekerkerik ellethey would have notched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkerkerik tül edimkerkerik tül emI wouldn't have notched | senkerkerik tül ediŋkerkerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have notched | olkerkerik tül edikerkerik tül edhe wouldn't have notched | bizkerkerik tül edikkerkerik tül ekwe wouldn't have notched | sizkerkerik tül edigizkerkerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have notched | alakerkerik tül edilekerkerik tül ellethey wouldn't have notched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkerksemif I notch | senkerkseŋif you notch | olkerkseif he notches | bizkerksekif we notch | sizkerksegizif you all notch | alakerkseleif they notch |
| Conditional | menkerkmesemif I don't notch | senkerkmeseŋif you don't notch | olkerkmeseif he doesn't notch | bizkerkmesekif we don't notch | sizkerkmesegizif you all don't notch | alakerkmeseleif they don't notch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkerke esemif I am notching | senkerke eseŋif you are notching | olkerke eseif he is notching | bizkerke esekif we are notching | sizkerke esegizif you all are notching | alakerke eseleif they are notching |
| Conditional, present real | menkerkmey esemif I am not notching | senkerkmey eseŋif you are not notching | olkerkmey eseif he is not notching | bizkerkmey esekif we are not notching | sizkerkmey esegizif you all are not notching | alakerkmey eseleif they are not notching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkerksem edikerksem edif only I notched | senkerkseŋ edikerkseŋ edif only you notched | olkerkse edikerksedif only he notched | bizkerksek edikerksek edif only we notched | sizkerksegiz edikerksegiz edif only you all notched | alakerksele edikerkseledif only they notched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkerkmesem edikerkmesem edif only I didn't notch | senkerkmeseŋ edikerkmeseŋ edif only you didn't notch | olkerkmese edikerkmesedif only he didn't notch | bizkerkmesek edikerkmesek edif only we didn't notch | sizkerkmesegiz edikerkmesegiz edif only you all didn't notch | alakerkmesele edikerkmeseledif only they didn't notch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkerkib tursamif I carry on notching | senkerkib tursaŋif you carry on notching | olkerkib tursaif he carries on notching | bizkerkib tursaqif we carry on notching | sizkerkib tursağızif you all carry on notching | alakerkib tursalaif they carry on notching |
| Durative conditional | menkerkib turmasamif I don't carry on notching | senkerkib turmasaŋif you don't carry on notching | olkerkib turmasaif he doesn't carry on notching | bizkerkib turmasaqif we don't carry on notching | sizkerkib turmasağızif you all don't carry on notching | alakerkib turmasalaif they don't carry on notching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkerkib tura esemif I have kept notching | senkerkib tura eseŋif you have kept notching | olkerkib tura eseif he has kept notching | bizkerkib tura esekif we have kept notching | sizkerkib tura esegizif you all have kept notching | alakerkib tura eseleif they have kept notching |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkerkib turmay esemif I haven't kept notching | senkerkib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept notching | olkerkib turmay eseif he hasn't kept notching | bizkerkib turmay esekif we haven't kept notching | sizkerkib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept notching | alakerkib turmay eseleif they haven't kept notching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkerke tursamif I keep notching | senkerke tursaŋif you keep notching | olkerke tursaif he keeps notching | bizkerke tursaqif we keep notching | sizkerke tursağızif you all keep notching | alakerke tursalaif they keep notching |
| Progressive conditional | menkerkmey tursamif I keep on not notching | senkerkmey tursaŋif you keep on not notching | olkerkmey tursaif he keeps on not notching | bizkerkmey tursaqif we keep on not notching | sizkerkmey tursağızif you all keep on not notching | alakerkmey tursalaif they keep on not notching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkerke tura esemif I am in the middle of notching | senkerke tura eseŋif you are in the middle of notching | olkerke tura eseif he is in the middle of notching | bizkerke tura esekif we are in the middle of notching | sizkerke tura esegizif you all are in the middle of notching | alakerke tura eseleif they are in the middle of notching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkerkmey tura esemif I keep on not notching | senkerkmey tura eseŋif you keep on not notching | olkerkmey tura eseif he keeps on not notching | bizkerkmey tura esekif we keep on not notching | sizkerkmey tura esegizif you all keep on not notching | alakerkmey tura eseleif they keep on not notching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkerkdim esemif I notched | senkerkdiŋ eseŋif you notched | olkerkdi eseif he notched | bizkerkdik esekif we notched | sizkerkdigiz esegizif you all notched | alakerkdile eseleif they notched |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkerkmedim esemif I didn't notch | senkerkmediŋ eseŋif you didn't notch | olkerkmedi eseif he didn't notch | bizkerkmedik esekif we didn't notch | sizkerkmedigiz esegizif you all didn't notch | alakerkmedile eseleif they didn't notch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkerkgen esemif I did notch (indeed) | senkerkgen eseŋif you did notch (indeed) | olkerkgen eseif he did notch (indeed) | bizkerkgen esekif we did notch (indeed) | sizkerkgen esegizif you all did notch (indeed) | alakerkgen eseleif they did notch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkerkmegen esemif I didn't notch (indeed) | senkerkmegen eseŋif you didn't notch (indeed) | olkerkmegen eseif he didn't notch (indeed) | bizkerkmegen esekif we didn't notch (indeed) | sizkerkmegen esegizif you all didn't notch (indeed) | alakerkmegen eseleif they didn't notch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkerkgen bolsamif I had notched | senkerkgen bolsaŋif you had notched | olkerkgen bolsaif he had notched | bizkerkgen bolsaqif we had notched | sizkerkgen bolsağızif you all had notched | alakerkgen bolsalaif they had notched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkerkmegen bolsamif I hadn't notched | senkerkmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't notched | olkerkmegen bolsaif he hadn't notched | bizkerkmegen bolsaqif we hadn't notched | sizkerkmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't notched | alakerkmegen bolsalaif they hadn't notched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkerkgen bolsam edikerkgen bolsam edif only I had notched | senkerkgen bolsaŋ edikerkgen bolsaŋ edif only you had notched | olkerkgen bolsa edikerkgen bolsaedif only he had notched | bizkerkgen bolsaq edikerkgen bolsaq edif only we had notched | sizkerkgen bolsağız edikerkgen bolsağız edif only you all had notched | alakerkgen bolsala edikerkgen bolsalaedif only they had notched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkerkmegen bolsam edikerkmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't notched | senkerkmegen bolsaŋ edikerkmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't notched | olkerkmegen bolsa edikerkmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't notched | bizkerkmegen bolsaq edikerkmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't notched | sizkerkmegen bolsağız edikerkmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't notched | alakerkmegen bolsala edikerkmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't notched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkerker esemif I will notch | senkerker eseŋif you will notch | olkerker eseif he will notch | bizkerker esekif we will notch | sizkerker esegizif you all will notch | alakerker eseleif they will notch |
| Conditional, aorist | menkerkmez esemif I won't notch | senkerkmez eseŋif you won't notch | olkerkmez eseif he won't notch | bizkerkmez esekif we won't notch | sizkerkmez esegizif you all won't notch | alakerkmez eseleif they won't notch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkerkerik esemif I am going to notch | senkerkerik eseŋif you are going to notch | olkerkerik eseif he is going to notch | bizkerkerik esekif we are going to notch | sizkerkerik esegizif you all are going to notch | alakerkerik eseleif they are going to notch |
| Conditional, future | menkerkerik tül esemif I am not going to notch | senkerkerik tül eseŋif you are not going to notch | olkerkerik tül eseif he is not going to notch | bizkerkerik tül esekif we are not going to notch | sizkerkerik tül esegizif you all are not going to notch | alakerkerik tül eseleif they are not going to notch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkerkerik bolsamif I were going to notch | senkerkerik bolsaŋif you were going to notch | olkerkerik bolsaif he were going to notch | bizkerkerik bolsaqif we were going to notch | sizkerkerik bolsağızif you all were going to notch | alakerkerik bolsalaif they were going to notch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkerkmezlik bolsamif I were not going to notch | senkerkmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to notch | olkerkmezlik bolsaif he were not going to notch | bizkerkmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to notch | sizkerkmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to notch | alakerkmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to notch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kerkdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkerke bolurmaI must be notching | senkerke bolursayou must be notching | olkerke bolurhe must be notching | bizkerke bolurbuzwe must be notching | sizkerke bolursuzyou all must be notching | alakerke bolurlathey must be notching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkerkmey bolurmaI must not be notching | senkerkmey bolursayou must not be notching | olkerkmey bolurhe must not be notching | bizkerkmey bolurbuzwe must not be notching | sizkerkmey bolursuzyou all must not be notching | alakerkmey bolurlathey must not be notching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkerke tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of notching | senkerke tura bolursayou must be in the middle of notching | olkerke tura bolurhe must be in the middle of notching | bizkerke tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of notching | sizkerke tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of notching | alakerke tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of notching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkerkmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not notching | senkerkmey tura bolursayou must keep on not notching | olkerkmey tura bolurhe must keep on not notching | bizkerkmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not notching | sizkerkmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not notching | alakerkmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not notching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkerkgen bolurmaI must have notched | senkerkgen bolursayou must have notched | olkerkgen bolurhe must have notched | bizkerkgen bolurbuzwe must have notched | sizkerkgen bolursuzyou all must have notched | alakerkgen bolurlathey must have notched |
| Inference (must have) | menkerkmegen bolurmaI must not have notched | senkerkmegen bolursayou must not have notched | olkerkmegen bolurhe must not have notched | bizkerkmegen bolurbuzwe must not have notched | sizkerkmegen bolursuzyou all must not have notched | alakerkmegen bolurlathey must not have notched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkerkerik bolurmaI must be going to notch | senkerkerik bolursayou must be going to notch | olkerkerik bolurhe must be going to notch | bizkerkerik bolurbuzwe must be going to notch | sizkerkerik bolursuzyou all must be going to notch | alakerkerik bolurlathey must be going to notch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkerkmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to notch | senkerkmezlik bolursayou must not be going to notch | olkerkmezlik bolurhe must not be going to notch | bizkerkmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to notch | sizkerkmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to notch | alakerkmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to notch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkerkeyimlet me notch | senkerk!notch! | olkerksinlet him notch | bizkerkeyiklet's notch | sizkerkigiz!notch, you all! | alakerksinlelet them notch |
| Commands & suggestions | menkerkmeyimlet me not notch | senkerkme!don't notch! | olkerkmesinlet him not notch | bizkerkmeyiklet's not notch | sizkerkmegiz!don't notch, you all! | alakerkmesinlelet them not notch |
| Commands & suggestions | menkerkeyimmi?shall I notch? | olkerksinmi?should he notch? | bizkerkeyikmi?shall we notch? | alakerksinlemi?should they notch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkerkmeyimmi?shall I not notch? | olkerkmesinmi?should he not notch? | bizkerkmeyikmi?shall we not notch? | alakerkmesinlemi?should they not notch? | ||
| Requests | senkerkçi2kerkçinplease notch | olkerksinçido let him notch | sizkerkçigizplease notch (plural/polite) | alakerksinleçido let them notch | ||
| Requests | senkerkmeçi2kerkmeçinplease don't notch | olkerkmesinçido let him not notch | sizkerkmeçigizplease don't notch (plural/polite) | alakerkmesinleçido let them not notch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkerkginkerkgimay you notch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkerkmeginkerkmegimay you not notch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkerkgey edim kerkge edimwould that I notched | senkerkgey ediŋ kerkge ediŋwould that you notched | olkerkgey edi kerkge ediwould that he notched | bizkerkgey edik kerkge edikwould that we notched | sizkerkgey edigiz kerkge edigizwould that you all notched | alakerkgey edile kerkge edilewould that they notched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkerkmegey edim kerkmege edimwould that I did not notch | senkerkmegey ediŋ kerkmege ediŋwould that you did not notch | olkerkmegey edi kerkmege ediwould that he did not notch | bizkerkmegey edik kerkmege edikwould that we did not notch | sizkerkmegey edigiz kerkmege edigizwould that you all did not notch | alakerkmegey edile kerkmege edilewould that they did not notch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkerkmege qoyayımkerkme qoyayımlet me allow someone to notch | senkerkmege qoy!kerkme qoy!let someone notch! | olkerkmege qoysunkerkme qoysunlet him allow someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoyayıqkerkme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoyuğuz!kerkme qoyuğuz!let someone notch, you all! | alakerkmege qoysunlakerkme qoysunlalet them allow someone to notch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkerkmege qoymayımkerkme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to notch | senkerkmege qoyma!kerkme qoyma!don't let someone notch! | olkerkmege qoymasınkerkme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoymayıqkerkme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoymağız!kerkme qoymağız!don't let someone notch, you all! | alakerkmege qoymasınlakerkme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to notch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkerkmege qoyayımmı?kerkme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoysunmu?kerkme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoyayıqmı?kerkme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoysunlamı?kerkme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to notch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkerkmege qoymayımmı?kerkme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoymasınmı?kerkme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoymayıqmı?kerkme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoymasınlamı?kerkme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to notch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkerkmege qoyamakerkme qoyamaI allow someone to notch | senkerkmege qoyasakerkme qoyasayou allow someone to notch | olkerkmege qoyadıkerkme qoyadıhe allows someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoyabızkerkme qoyabızwe allow someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoyasızkerkme qoyasızyou all allow someone to notch | alakerkmege qoyadılakerkme qoyadılathey allow someone to notch |
| Let someone… (present) | menkerkmege qoymaymakerkme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to notch | senkerkmege qoymaysakerkme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to notch | olkerkmege qoymaydıkerkme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoymaybızkerkme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoymaysızkerkme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to notch | alakerkmege qoymaydılakerkme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to notch |
| Let someone… (present) | menkerkmege qoyamamı?kerkme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to notch? | senkerkmege qoyamısa?kerkme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoyamıdı?kerkme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoyabızmı?kerkme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to notch? | sizkerkmege qoyamısız?kerkme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoyamıdıla?kerkme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to notch? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkerkmege qoymaymamı?kerkme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to notch? | senkerkmege qoymaymısa?kerkme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoymaymıdı?kerkme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoymaybızmı?kerkme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to notch? | sizkerkmege qoymaymısız?kerkme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoymaymıdıla?kerkme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to notch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkerkmege qoydumkerkme qoydumI allowed someone to notch | senkerkmege qoyduŋkerkme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to notch | olkerkmege qoydukerkme qoyduhe allowed someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoyduqkerkme qoyduqwe allowed someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoyduğuzkerkme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to notch | alakerkmege qoydulakerkme qoydulathey allowed someone to notch |
| Let someone… (past) | menkerkmege qoymadımkerkme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to notch | senkerkmege qoymadıŋkerkme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to notch | olkerkmege qoymadıkerkme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to notch | bizkerkmege qoymadıqkerkme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to notch | sizkerkmege qoymadığızkerkme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to notch | alakerkmege qoymadılakerkme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to notch |
| Let someone… (past) | menkerkmege qoydummu?kerkme qoydummu?did I allow someone to notch? | senkerkmege qoyduŋmu?kerkme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoydumu?kerkme qoydumu?did he allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoyduqmu?kerkme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to notch? | sizkerkmege qoyduğuzmu?kerkme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoydulamı?kerkme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to notch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkerkmege qoymadımmı?kerkme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to notch? | senkerkmege qoymadıŋmı?kerkme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to notch? | olkerkmege qoymadımı?kerkme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to notch? | bizkerkmege qoymadıqmı?kerkme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to notch? | sizkerkmege qoymadığızmı?kerkme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to notch? | alakerkmege qoymadılamı?kerkme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to notch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkerkalamaI can notch | senkerkalasayou can notch | olkerkaladıhe can notch | bizkerkalabızwe can notch | sizkerkalasızyou all can notch | alakerkaladılathey can notch |
| Ability — present | menkerkalmaymaI can't notch | senkerkalmaysayou can't notch | olkerkalmaydıhe can't notch | bizkerkalmaybızwe can't notch | sizkerkalmaysızyou all can't notch | alakerkalmaydılathey can't notch |
| Ability — present | menkerkalamamı? kerkalamıma?can I notch? | senkerkalamısa?can you notch? | olkerkalamıdı?can he notch? | bizkerkalabızmı? kerkalamıbız?can we notch? | sizkerkalamısız?can you all notch? | alakerkalamıdıla?can they notch? |
| Ability — present | menkerkalmaymamı? kerkalmaymıma?can't I notch? | senkerkalmaymısa?can't you notch? | olkerkalmaymıdı?can't he notch? | bizkerkalmaybızmı? kerkalmaymıbız?can't we notch? | sizkerkalmaymısız?can't you all notch? | alakerkalmaymıdıla?can't they notch? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkerkalsamif I can notch | senkerkalsaŋif you can notch | olkerkalsaif he can notch | bizkerkalsaqif we can notch | sizkerkalsağızif you all can notch | alakerkalsalaif they can notch |
| Ability — if I can… | menkerkalmasamif I can't notch | senkerkalmasaŋif you can't notch | olkerkalmasaif he can't notch | bizkerkalmasaqif we can't notch | sizkerkalmasağızif you all can't notch | alakerkalmasalaif they can't notch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkerkaldımI was able to notch | senkerkaldıŋyou were able to notch | olkerkaldıhe was able to notch | bizkerkaldıqwe were able to notch | sizkerkaldığızyou all were able to notch | alakerkaldılathey were able to notch |
| Ability — simple past | menkerkalmadımI could not notch | senkerkalmadıŋyou could not notch | olkerkalmadıhe could not notch | bizkerkalmadıqwe could not notch | sizkerkalmadığızyou all could not notch | alakerkalmadılathey could not notch |
| Ability — simple past | menkerkaldımmı?was I able to notch? | senkerkaldıŋmı?were you able to notch? | olkerkaldımı?was he able to notch? | bizkerkaldıqmı?were we able to notch? | sizkerkaldığızmı?were you all able to notch? | alakerkaldılamı?were they able to notch? |
| Ability — simple past | menkerkalmadımmı?couldn't I notch? | senkerkalmadıŋmı?couldn't you notch? | olkerkalmadımı?couldn't he notch? | bizkerkalmadıqmı?couldn't we notch? | sizkerkalmadığızmı?couldn't you all notch? | alakerkalmadılamı?couldn't they notch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkerkalğanmaI have been able to notch | senkerkalğansayou have been able to notch | olkerkalğandıhe has been able to notch | bizkerkalğanbızwe have been able to notch | sizkerkalğansızyou all have been able to notch | alakerkalğandılathey have been able to notch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkerkalmağanmaI haven't been able to notch | senkerkalmağansayou haven't been able to notch | olkerkalmağandıhe hasn't been able to notch | bizkerkalmağanbızwe haven't been able to notch | sizkerkalmağansızyou all haven't been able to notch | alakerkalmağandılathey haven't been able to notch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkerkalğanmamı? kerkalğanmıma?have I been able to notch? | senkerkalğanmısa?have you been able to notch? | olkerkalğanmıdı?has he been able to notch? | bizkerkalğanbızmı? kerkalğanmıbız?have we been able to notch? | sizkerkalğanmısız?have you all been able to notch? | alakerkalğanmıdıla?have they been able to notch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkerkalmağanmamı? kerkalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to notch? | senkerkalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to notch? | olkerkalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to notch? | bizkerkalmağanbızmı? kerkalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to notch? | sizkerkalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to notch? | alakerkalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to notch? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkerkalğan edimkerkalğanemI had been able to notch | senkerkalğan ediŋkerkalğaneŋyou had been able to notch | olkerkalğan edikerkalğanedhe had been able to notch | bizkerkalğan edikkerkalğanekwe had been able to notch | sizkerkalğan edigizkerkalğanegizyou all had been able to notch | alakerkalğan edilekerkalğanellethey had been able to notch |
| Ability — past perfect | menkerkalmağan edimkerkalmağanemI hadn't been able to notch | senkerkalmağan ediŋkerkalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to notch | olkerkalmağan edikerkalmağanedhe hadn't been able to notch | bizkerkalmağan edikkerkalmağanekwe hadn't been able to notch | sizkerkalmağan edigizkerkalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to notch | alakerkalmağan edilekerkalmağanellethey hadn't been able to notch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkerkala edimkerkalaemI could notch | senkerkala ediŋkerkalaeŋyou could notch | olkerkala edikerkalaedhe could notch | bizkerkala edikkerkalaekwe could notch | sizkerkala edigizkerkalaegizyou all could notch | alakerkala edilekerkalaellethey could notch |
| Ability — past background | menkerkalmay edimkerkalmayemI could not notch | senkerkalmay ediŋkerkalmayeŋyou could not notch | olkerkalmay edikerkalmayedhe could not notch | bizkerkalmay edikkerkalmayekwe could not notch | sizkerkalmay edigizkerkalmayegizyou all could not notch | alakerkalmay edilekerkalmayellethey could not notch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkerkalırmaI will be able to notch | senkerkalırsayou will be able to notch | olkerkalırhe will be able to notch | bizkerkalırbızwe will be able to notch | sizkerkalırsızyou all will be able to notch | alakerkalırlathey will be able to notch |
| Ability — future I | menkerkalmazmaI won't be able to notch | senkerkalmazsayou won't be able to notch | olkerkalmazhe won't be able to notch | bizkerkalmazbızwe won't be able to notch | sizkerkalmazsızyou all won't be able to notch | alakerkalmazlathey won't be able to notch |
| Ability — future I | menkerkalırmamı? kerkalırmıma?will I be able to notch? | senkerkalırmısa?will you be able to notch? | olkerkalırmı?will he be able to notch? | bizkerkalırbızmı? kerkalırmıbız?will we be able to notch? | sizkerkalırmısız?will you all be able to notch? | alakerkalırlamı? kerkalırmıla?will they be able to notch? |
| Ability — future I | menkerkalmazmamı? kerkalmazmıma?won't I be able to notch? | senkerkalmazmısa?won't you be able to notch? | olkerkalmazmı?won't he be able to notch? | bizkerkalmazbızmı? kerkalmazmıbız?won't we be able to notch? | sizkerkalmazmısız?won't you all be able to notch? | alakerkalmazlamı? kerkalmazmıla?won't they be able to notch? |
| Ability — future II | menkerkallıqmaI am going to be able to notch | senkerkallıqsayou are going to be able to notch | olkerkallıqdıhe is going to be able to notch | bizkerkallıqbızwe are going to be able to notch | sizkerkallıqsızyou all are going to be able to notch | alakerkallıqdılathey are going to be able to notch |
| Ability — future II | menkerkallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to notch | senkerkallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to notch | olkerkallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to notch | bizkerkallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to notch | sizkerkallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to notch | alakerkallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to notch |
| Ability — future II | menkerkallıqmamı? kerkallıqmıma?am I going to be able to notch? | senkerkallıqmısa?are you going to be able to notch? | olkerkallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to notch? | bizkerkallıqbızmı? kerkallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to notch? | sizkerkallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to notch? | alakerkallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to notch? |
| Ability — future II | menkerkallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to notch? | senkerkallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to notch? | olkerkallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to notch? | bizkerkallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to notch? | sizkerkallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to notch? | alakerkallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to notch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkerkalır edimkerkalır emI would be able to notch | senkerkalır ediŋkerkalır eŋyou would be able to notch | olkerkalır edikerkalır edhe would be able to notch | bizkerkalır edikkerkalır ekwe would be able to notch | sizkerkalır edigizkerkalır egizyou all would be able to notch | alakerkalır edilekerkalır ellethey would be able to notch |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkerkalmaz edimkerkalmaz emI wouldn't be able to notch | senkerkalmaz ediŋkerkalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to notch | olkerkalmaz edikerkalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to notch | bizkerkalmaz edikkerkalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to notch | sizkerkalmaz edigizkerkalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to notch | alakerkalmaz edilekerkalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to notch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkerkalğınkerkalğımay you be able to notch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkerkalmağınkerkalmağımay you not be able to notch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkerkerge izleymeI want to notch | senkerkerge izleyseyou want to notch | olkerkerge izleydihe wants to notch | bizkerkerge izleybizwe want to notch | sizkerkerge izleysizyou all want to notch | alakerkerge izleydilethey want to notch |
| want to | menkerkerge izlemeymeI do not want to notch | senkerkerge izlemeyseyou do not want to notch | olkerkerge izlemeydihe does not want to notch | bizkerkerge izlemeybizwe do not want to notch | sizkerkerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to notch | alakerkerge izlemeydilethey do not want to notch |
| would like to | menkerkerge süemeI would like to notch | senkerkerge süeseyou would like to notch | olkerkerge süedihe would like to notch | bizkerkerge süebizwe would like to notch | sizkerkerge süesizyou all would like to notch | alakerkerge süedilethey would like to notch |
| would like to | menkerkerge süymeymeI would not like to notch | senkerkerge süymeyseyou would not like to notch | olkerkerge süymeydihe would not like to notch | bizkerkerge süymeybizwe would not like to notch | sizkerkerge süymeysizyou all would not like to notch | alakerkerge süymeydilethey would not like to notch |
| hope to | menkerkerge umutlanamaI hope to notch | senkerkerge umutlanasayou hope to notch | olkerkerge umutlanadıhe hopes to notch | bizkerkerge umutlanabızwe hope to notch | sizkerkerge umutlanasızyou all hope to notch | alakerkerge umutlanadılathey hope to notch |
| hope to | menkerkerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to notch | senkerkerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to notch | olkerkerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to notch | bizkerkerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to notch | sizkerkerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to notch | alakerkerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to notch |
| be about to | menkerkerge deb turamaI am about to notch | senkerkerge deb turasayou are about to notch | olkerkerge deb turadıhe is about to notch | bizkerkerge deb turabızwe are about to notch | sizkerkerge deb turasızyou all are about to notch | alakerkerge deb turadılathey are about to notch |
| be about to | menkerkerge deb turmaymaI am not about to notch | senkerkerge deb turmaysayou are not about to notch | olkerkerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to notch | bizkerkerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to notch | sizkerkerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to notch | alakerkerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to notch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkerkerge kerekmeI need to notch | senkerkerge kerekseyou need to notch | olkerkerge kerekdihe needs to notch | bizkerkerge kerekbizwe need to notch | sizkerkerge kereksizyou all need to notch | alakerkerge kerekdilethey need to notch |
| need to | menkerkerge kerek tülmeI do not need to notch | senkerkerge kerek tülseyou do not need to notch | olkerkerge kerek tüldühe does not need to notch | bizkerkerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to notch | sizkerkerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to notch | alakerkerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to notch |
| have to | menmenŋe kerkerge tüşediI have to notch | sensenŋe kerkerge tüşediyou have to notch | olaŋa kerkerge tüşedihe has to notch | bizbizge kerkerge tüşediwe have to notch | sizsizge kerkerge tüşediyou all have to notch | alaalağa kerkerge tüşedithey have to notch |
| have to | menmenŋe kerkerge tüşmeydiI do not have to notch | sensenŋe kerkerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to notch | olaŋa kerkerge tüşmeydihe does not have to notch | bizbizge kerkerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to notch | sizsizge kerkerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to notch | alaalağa kerkerge tüşmeydithey do not have to notch |
| be obliged to | menkerkerge borçlumaI am obliged to notch | senkerkerge borçlusayou are obliged to notch | olkerkerge borçluduhe is obliged to notch | bizkerkerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to notch | sizkerkerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to notch | alakerkerge borçludulathey are obliged to notch |
| be obliged to | menkerkerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to notch | senkerkerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to notch | olkerkerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to notch | bizkerkerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to notch | sizkerkerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to notch | alakerkerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to notch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkerkerge madarım bardıI have a way to notch | senkerkerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to notch | olkerkerge madarı bardıhe has a way to notch | bizkerkerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to notch | sizkerkerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to notch | alakerkerge madarları bardıthey have a way to notch |
| have a way to | menkerkerge madarım joqduI have no way to notch | senkerkerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to notch | olkerkerge madarı joqduhe has no way to notch | bizkerkerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to notch | sizkerkerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to notch | alakerkerge madarları joqduthey have no way to notch |
| be free to | menkerkerge erkinligim bardıI am free to notch | senkerkerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to notch | olkerkerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to notch | bizkerkerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to notch | sizkerkerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to notch | alakerkerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to notch |
| be free to | menkerkerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to notch | senkerkerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to notch | olkerkerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to notch | bizkerkerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to notch | sizkerkerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to notch | alakerkerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to notch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for me to notch | sensenŋe kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for you to notch | olaŋa kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for him to notch | bizbizge kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for us to notch | sizsizge kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to notch | alaalağa kerkerge bolluqduit is possible for them to notch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to notch | sensenŋe kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to notch | olaŋa kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to notch | bizbizge kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to notch | sizsizge kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to notch | alaalağa kerkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to notch |
| be ready to | menkerkerge hazırmaI am ready to notch | senkerkerge hazırsayou are ready to notch | olkerkerge hazırdıhe is ready to notch | bizkerkerge hazırbızwe are ready to notch | sizkerkerge hazırsızyou all are ready to notch | alakerkerge hazırdılathey are ready to notch |
| be ready to | menkerkerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to notch | senkerkerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to notch | olkerkerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to notch | bizkerkerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to notch | sizkerkerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to notch | alakerkerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to notch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkerkerge küreşemeI am trying to notch | senkerkerge küreşeseyou are trying to notch | olkerkerge küreşedihe is trying to notch | bizkerkerge küreşebizwe are trying to notch | sizkerkerge küreşesizyou all are trying to notch | alakerkerge küreşedilethey are trying to notch |
| try to | menkerkerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to notch | senkerkerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to notch | olkerkerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to notch | bizkerkerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to notch | sizkerkerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to notch | alakerkerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to notch |
| agree to | menkerkerge unaymaI agree to notch | senkerkerge unaysayou agree to notch | olkerkerge unaydıhe agrees to notch | bizkerkerge unaybızwe agree to notch | sizkerkerge unaysızyou all agree to notch | alakerkerge unaydılathey agree to notch |
| agree to | menkerkerge unamaymaI refuse to notch | senkerkerge unamaysayou refuse to notch | olkerkerge unamaydıhe refuses to notch | bizkerkerge unamaybızwe refuse to notch | sizkerkerge unamaysızyou all refuse to notch | alakerkerge unamaydılathey refuse to notch |
| hurry to | menkerkerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to notch | senkerkerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to notch | olkerkerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to notch | bizkerkerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to notch | sizkerkerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to notch | alakerkerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to notch |
| hurry to | menkerkerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to notch | senkerkerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to notch | olkerkerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to notch | bizkerkerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to notch | sizkerkerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to notch | alakerkerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to notch |
| be afraid to | menkerkerge qorqamaI am afraid to notch | senkerkerge qorqasayou are afraid to notch | olkerkerge qorqadıhe is afraid to notch | bizkerkerge qorqabızwe are afraid to notch | sizkerkerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to notch | alakerkerge qorqadılathey are afraid to notch |
| be afraid to | menkerkerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to notch | senkerkerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to notch | olkerkerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to notch | bizkerkerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to notch | sizkerkerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to notch | alakerkerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to notch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkerke bolmazmaI can't be notching | senkerke bolmazsayou can't be notching | olkerke bolmazhe can't be notching | bizkerke bolmazbızwe can't be notching | sizkerke bolmazsızyou all can't be notching | alakerke bolmazlathey can't be notching |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkerkmey bolmazmaI must be notching (emphatic) | senkerkmey bolmazsayou must be notching (emphatic) | olkerkmey bolmazhe must be notching (emphatic) | bizkerkmey bolmazbızwe must be notching (emphatic) | sizkerkmey bolmazsızyou all must be notching (emphatic) | alakerkmey bolmazlathey must be notching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkerke turmasamif I don't keep notching | senkerke turmasaŋif you don't keep notching | olkerke turmasaif he doesn't keep notching | bizkerke turmasaqif we don't keep notching | sizkerke turmasağızif you all don't keep notching | alakerke turmasalaif they don't keep notching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkerke tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of notching | senkerke tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of notching | olkerke tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of notching | bizkerke tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of notching | sizkerke tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of notching | alakerke tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of notching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkerkmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not notching (emphatic) | senkerkmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not notching (emphatic) | olkerkmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not notching (emphatic) | bizkerkmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not notching (emphatic) | sizkerkmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not notching (emphatic) | alakerkmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not notching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkerkmey turamaI keep on not notching | senkerkmey turasayou keep on not notching | olkerkmey turadıhe keeps on not notching | bizkerkmey turabızwe keep on not notching | sizkerkmey turasızyou all keep on not notching | alakerkmey turadılathey keep on not notching |
| Progressive — double negation | menkerkmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not notching | senkerkmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not notching | olkerkmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not notching | bizkerkmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not notching | sizkerkmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not notching | alakerkmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not notching |
| Progressive — double negation | menkerkmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not notching? | senkerkmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not notching? | olkerkmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not notching? | bizkerkmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not notching? | sizkerkmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not notching? | alakerkmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not notching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkerkgen bolmazmaI can't have notched | senkerkgen bolmazsayou can't have notched | olkerkgen bolmazhe can't have notched | bizkerkgen bolmazbızwe can't have notched | sizkerkgen bolmazsızyou all can't have notched | alakerkgen bolmazlathey can't have notched |
| Inference — double negation | menkerkmegen bolmazmaI must have notched (emphatic) | senkerkmegen bolmazsayou must have notched (emphatic) | olkerkmegen bolmazhe must have notched (emphatic) | bizkerkmegen bolmazbızwe must have notched (emphatic) | sizkerkmegen bolmazsızyou all must have notched (emphatic) | alakerkmegen bolmazlathey must have notched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkerkgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had notched | senkerkgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had notched | olkerkgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had notched | bizkerkgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had notched | sizkerkgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had notched | alakerkgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had notched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkerkmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't notched | senkerkmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't notched | olkerkmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't notched | bizkerkmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't notched | sizkerkmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't notched | alakerkmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't notched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkerkerik bolmazmaI can't be going to notch | senkerkerik bolmazsayou can't be going to notch | olkerkerik bolmazhe can't be going to notch | bizkerkerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to notch | sizkerkerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to notch | alakerkerik bolmazlathey can't be going to notch |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkerkmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to notch (emphatic) | senkerkmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to notch (emphatic) | olkerkmezlik bolmazhe must be going to notch (emphatic) | bizkerkmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to notch (emphatic) | sizkerkmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to notch (emphatic) | alakerkmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to notch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkerkerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to notch | senkerkerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to notch | olkerkerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to notch | bizkerkerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to notch | sizkerkerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to notch | alakerkerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to notch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkerkmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to notch | senkerkmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to notch | olkerkmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to notch | bizkerkmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to notch | sizkerkmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to notch | alakerkmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to notch |