katorga
/katorɡa/
Definition
penal servitude, hard labour imposed as a punishment
- katorga işle — hard labour
- katorgağa ierge — to send someone to penal servitude
- katorga jaşaw — a life of unrelieved toil
Feedback
or .Cases
| Form | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | katorgathe penal servitude | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | katorganıthe penal servitude's | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | katorganıthe penal servitude (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | katorgağato the penal servitude | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | katorgadaat / in the penal servitude | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | katorgadanfrom the penal servitude | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| Owned | |
|---|---|
| my | katorgammy penal servitude |
| your | katorgangyour penal servitude |
| his / her | katorgasıhis / her penal servitude |
| our | katorgabızour penal servitude |
| you all's | katorgağızyou all's penal servitude |
| their | katorgalarıtheir penal servitude |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.