kaska

/kaska/ · plural kaskala

1. (n.) helmet, a hard protective hat of metal or similar material worn by soldiers, firefighters and others (Russ.) — Borrowed from Russian. Synonym: temir börk. Probably a separate homonym from the native insect name.

temir kaska — an iron helmet
soldat kaskasın kiydi — the soldier put on his helmet

2. (n.) grasshopper; dragonfly — Dictionaries use it for both insects. The Balkar equivalent is seŋirçke. Proverb: kaska qışına azıq jıymaydı "the grasshopper does not store food for winter".

kaskala jırlaydıla — the grasshoppers are singing
kaskala, bir birine ozdurmay, jırlaydıla — the grasshoppers sing, not letting one another outdo them
kaska qışına azıq jıymaydı — the grasshopper does not store up food for winter
kaska çapraqğa qondu — the dragonfly landed on the leaf
bir kaska uçub keldi — a dragonfly came flying

Expressions

qıraw urğan kaskaça — crestfallen and flustered (Idiom)

Cases and owners

Singular

Singular — cases of kaska, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	kaskathe helmet	kaskammy helmet	kaskaŋyour helmet	kaskasıhis helmet	kaskabızour helmet	kaskağızyou all's helmet	kaskalarıtheir helmets
Genitive	kaskanıthe helmet's	kaskamımy helmet's	kaskaŋıyour helmet's	kaskasınıhis helmet's	kaskabıznıour helmet's	kaskağıznıyou all's helmet's	kaskalarınıtheir helmets'
Accusative	kaskanıthe helmet (as the object)	kaskamımy helmet (as the object)	kaskaŋıyour helmet (as the object)	kaskasınhis helmet (as the object)	kaskabıznıour helmet (as the object)	kaskağıznıyou all's helmet (as the object)	kaskalarıntheir helmets (as the object)
Dative	kaskağato the helmet	kaskamato my helmet	kaskaŋato your helmet	kaskasınato his helmet	kaskabızğato our helmet	kaskağızğato you all's helmet	kaskalarınato their helmets
Locative	kaskadain / at the helmet	kaskamdain / at my helmet	kaskaŋdain / at your helmet	kaskasındain / at his helmet	kaskabızdain / at our helmet	kaskağızdain / at you all's helmet	kaskalarındain / at their helmets
Ablative	kaskadanfrom the helmet	kaskamdanfrom my helmet	kaskaŋdanfrom your helmet	kaskasındanfrom his helmet	kaskabızdanfrom our helmet	kaskağızdanfrom you all's helmet	kaskalarındanfrom their helmets

Plural

Plural — cases of kaska, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	kaskalathe helmets	kaskalarımmy helmets	kaskalarıŋyour helmets	kaskalarıhis helmets	kaskalarıbızour helmets	kaskalarığızyou all's helmets	kaskalarıtheir helmets
Genitive	kaskalanıthe helmets'	kaskalarımımy helmets'	kaskalarıŋıyour helmets'	kaskalarınıhis helmets'	kaskalarıbıznıour helmets'	kaskalarığıznıyou all's helmets'	kaskalarınıtheir helmets'
Accusative	kaskalanıthe helmets (as the object)	kaskalarımımy helmets (as the object)	kaskalarıŋıyour helmets (as the object)	kaskalarınhis helmets (as the object)	kaskalarıbıznıour helmets (as the object)	kaskalarığıznıyou all's helmets (as the object)	kaskalarıntheir helmets (as the object)
Dative	kaskalağato the helmets	kaskalarımato my helmets	kaskalarıŋato your helmets	kaskalarınato his helmets	kaskalarıbızğato our helmets	kaskalarığızğato you all's helmets	kaskalarınato their helmets
Locative	kaskaladain / at the helmets	kaskalarımdain / at my helmets	kaskalarıŋdain / at your helmets	kaskalarındain / at his helmets	kaskalarıbızdain / at our helmets	kaskalarığızdain / at you all's helmets	kaskalarındain / at their helmets
Ablative	kaskaladanfrom the helmets	kaskalarımdanfrom my helmets	kaskalarıŋdanfrom your helmets	kaskalarındanfrom his helmets	kaskalarıbızdanfrom our helmets	kaskalarığızdanfrom you all's helmets	kaskalarındanfrom their helmets

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: kaskaları can mean "his / her helmets", "their helmet", or "their helmets" — context decides.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.