kalkay
/kalkaj/ · plural kalkayla
a yapping dog, a cur: a cowardly dog that barks pointlessly at everyone — Botashev 1998 glosses it as a little dog.
- kün uzunu ürgen kalkay — a cur that barks all day long
- kalkaydan qorqğan sabiy — a child afraid of the cur
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kalkaythe yapping dog | kalkayımmy yapping dog | kalkayıŋyour yapping dog | kalkayıhis yapping dog | kalkayıbızour yapping dog | kalkayığızyou all's yapping dog | kalkaylarıtheir yapping dogs |
| Genitive | kalkaynıthe yapping dog's | kalkayımımy yapping dog's | kalkayıŋıyour yapping dog's | kalkayınıhis yapping dog's | kalkayıbıznıour yapping dog's | kalkayığıznıyou all's yapping dog's | kalkaylarınıtheir yapping dogs' |
| Accusative | kalkaynıthe yapping dog (as the object) | kalkayımımy yapping dog (as the object) | kalkayıŋıyour yapping dog (as the object) | kalkayınhis yapping dog (as the object) | kalkayıbıznıour yapping dog (as the object) | kalkayığıznıyou all's yapping dog (as the object) | kalkaylarıntheir yapping dogs (as the object) |
| Dative | kalkayğato the yapping dog | kalkayımato my yapping dog | kalkayıŋato your yapping dog | kalkayınato his yapping dog | kalkayıbızğato our yapping dog | kalkayığızğato you all's yapping dog | kalkaylarınato their yapping dogs |
| Locative | kalkaydain / at the yapping dog | kalkayımdain / at my yapping dog | kalkayıŋdain / at your yapping dog | kalkayındain / at his yapping dog | kalkayıbızdain / at our yapping dog | kalkayığızdain / at you all's yapping dog | kalkaylarındain / at their yapping dogs |
| Ablative | kalkaydanfrom the yapping dog | kalkayımdanfrom my yapping dog | kalkayıŋdanfrom your yapping dog | kalkayındanfrom his yapping dog | kalkayıbızdanfrom our yapping dog | kalkayığızdanfrom you all's yapping dog | kalkaylarındanfrom their yapping dogs |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kalkaylathe yapping dogs | kalkaylarımmy yapping dogs | kalkaylarıŋyour yapping dogs | kalkaylarıhis yapping dogs | kalkaylarıbızour yapping dogs | kalkaylarığızyou all's yapping dogs | kalkaylarıtheir yapping dogs |
| Genitive | kalkaylanıthe yapping dogs' | kalkaylarımımy yapping dogs' | kalkaylarıŋıyour yapping dogs' | kalkaylarınıhis yapping dogs' | kalkaylarıbıznıour yapping dogs' | kalkaylarığıznıyou all's yapping dogs' | kalkaylarınıtheir yapping dogs' |
| Accusative | kalkaylanıthe yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarımımy yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarıŋıyour yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarınhis yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarıbıznıour yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarığıznıyou all's yapping dogs (as the object) | kalkaylarıntheir yapping dogs (as the object) |
| Dative | kalkaylağato the yapping dogs | kalkaylarımato my yapping dogs | kalkaylarıŋato your yapping dogs | kalkaylarınato his yapping dogs | kalkaylarıbızğato our yapping dogs | kalkaylarığızğato you all's yapping dogs | kalkaylarınato their yapping dogs |
| Locative | kalkayladain / at the yapping dogs | kalkaylarımdain / at my yapping dogs | kalkaylarıŋdain / at your yapping dogs | kalkaylarındain / at his yapping dogs | kalkaylarıbızdain / at our yapping dogs | kalkaylarığızdain / at you all's yapping dogs | kalkaylarındain / at their yapping dogs |
| Ablative | kalkayladanfrom the yapping dogs | kalkaylarımdanfrom my yapping dogs | kalkaylarıŋdanfrom your yapping dogs | kalkaylarındanfrom his yapping dogs | kalkaylarıbızdanfrom our yapping dogs | kalkaylarığızdanfrom you all's yapping dogs | kalkaylarındanfrom their yapping dogs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: kalkayları can mean "his / her yapping dogs", "their yapping dog", or "their yapping dogs" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.