kütülürge
/kytylyrɡe/
be grazed, be pastured, be herded — Passive of küterge. Used of livestock kept at pasture, as in tawda kütülgen mal "livestock pastured in the mountains".
- tawda kütülgen mal — livestock grazed in the mountains
- malla igi kütülmeydile — the animals are not grazed well
- qoyla jaylıqda kütüledile — the sheep are grazed on the summer pasture
- mal igi kütülgendi — the livestock has been well grazed
- eçkile tawda kütülürle — the goats will be grazed in the mountains
Conjugation
Common forms
- kütüledihe is being grazed
- kütüldühe was grazed
- kütülgendihe has been grazed
- kütülürhe will be grazed
- kütüllükdühe is going to be grazed
- kütüle edihe was being grazed
- kütülseif he is grazed
- kütül!be grazed!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütülemeI am being grazed | senkütüleseyou are being grazed | olkütüledihe is being grazed | bizkütülebizwe are being grazed | sizkütülesizyou all are being grazed | alakütüledilethey are being grazed |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütülmeymeI am not being grazed | senkütülmeyseyou are not being grazed | olkütülmeydihe is not being grazed | bizkütülmeybizwe are not being grazed | sizkütülmeysizyou all are not being grazed | alakütülmeydilethey are not being grazed |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütülememi? kütülemime?am I being grazed? | senkütülemise?are you being grazed? | olkütülemidi?is he being grazed? | bizkütülebizmi? kütülemibiz?are we being grazed? | sizkütülemisiz?are you all being grazed? | alakütülemidile?are they being grazed? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütülmeymemi? kütülmeymime?aren't I being grazed? | senkütülmeymise?aren't you being grazed? | olkütülmeymidi?isn't he being grazed? | bizkütülmeybizmi? kütülmeymibiz?aren't we being grazed? | sizkütülmeymisiz?aren't you all being grazed? | alakütülmeymidile?aren't they being grazed? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütülüwçenmeI am usually grazed | senkütülüwçenseyou are usually grazed | olkütülüwçendihe is usually grazed | bizkütülüwçenbizwe are usually grazed | sizkütülüwçensizyou all are usually grazed | alakütülüwçendilethey are usually grazed |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütülmewçenmeI am usually not grazed | senkütülmewçenseyou are usually not grazed | olkütülmewçendihe is usually not grazed | bizkütülmewçenbizwe are usually not grazed | sizkütülmewçensizyou all are usually not grazed | alakütülmewçendilethey are usually not grazed |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütülüwçenmemi? kütülüwçenmime?am I usually grazed? | senkütülüwçenmise?are you usually grazed? | olkütülüwçenmidi?is he usually grazed? | bizkütülüwçenbizmi? kütülüwçenmibiz?are we usually grazed? | sizkütülüwçenmisiz?are you all usually grazed? | alakütülüwçenmidile?are they usually grazed? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütülmewçenmemi? kütülmewçenmime?am I usually not grazed? | senkütülmewçenmise?are you usually not grazed? | olkütülmewçenmidi?is he usually not grazed? | bizkütülmewçenbizmi? kütülmewçenmibiz?are we usually not grazed? | sizkütülmewçenmisiz?are you all usually not grazed? | alakütülmewçenmidile?are they usually not grazed? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkütülübdühe has been grazed and remains so | alakütülübdülethey have been grazed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkütülübmüdü?has he been grazed? | alakütülübmüdüle?have they been grazed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütülüb turamaI remain grazed | senkütülüb turasayou remain grazed | olkütülüb turadıhe remains grazed | bizkütülüb turabızwe remain grazed | sizkütülüb turasızyou all remain grazed | alakütülüb turadılathey remain grazed |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütülüb turmaymaI don't remain grazed | senkütülüb turmaysayou don't remain grazed | olkütülüb turmaydıhe doesn't remain grazed | bizkütülüb turmaybızwe don't remain grazed | sizkütülüb turmaysızyou all don't remain grazed | alakütülüb turmaydılathey don't remain grazed |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütülüb turamamı? kütülüb turamıma?do I remain grazed? | senkütülüb turamısa?do you remain grazed? | olkütülüb turamıdı?does he remain grazed? | bizkütülüb turabızmı? kütülüb turamıbız?do we remain grazed? | sizkütülüb turamısız?do you all remain grazed? | alakütülüb turamıdıla?do they remain grazed? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütülüb turmaymamı? kütülüb turmaymıma?don't I remain grazed? | senkütülüb turmaymısa?don't you remain grazed? | olkütülüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain grazed? | bizkütülüb turmaybızmı? kütülüb turmaymıbız?don't we remain grazed? | sizkütülüb turmaymısız?don't you all remain grazed? | alakütülüb turmaymıdıla?don't they remain grazed? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkütüle turamaI am in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle turasayou are in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle turadıhe is in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle turabızwe are in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle turasızyou all are in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle turadılathey are in the middle of being grazed |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkütüle turmaymaI am not in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle turmaysayou are not in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being grazed |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkütüle turamamı? kütüle turamıma?am I in the middle of being grazed? | senkütüle turamısa?are you in the middle of being grazed? | olkütüle turamıdı?is he in the middle of being grazed? | bizkütüle turabızmı? kütüle turamıbız?are we in the middle of being grazed? | sizkütüle turamısız?are you all in the middle of being grazed? | alakütüle turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being grazed? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkütüle turmaymamı? kütüle turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being grazed? | senkütüle turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being grazed? | olkütüle turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being grazed? | bizkütüle turmaybızmı? kütüle turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being grazed? | sizkütüle turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being grazed? | alakütüle turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being grazed? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütüldümI was grazed | senkütüldüŋyou were grazed | olkütüldühe was grazed | bizkütüldükwe were grazed | sizkütüldügüzyou all were grazed | alakütüldülethey were grazed |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütülmedimI wasn't grazed | senkütülmediŋyou weren't grazed | olkütülmedihe wasn't grazed | bizkütülmedikwe weren't grazed | sizkütülmedigizyou all weren't grazed | alakütülmedilethey weren't grazed |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütüldümmü?was I grazed? | senkütüldüŋmü?were you grazed? | olkütüldümü?was he grazed? | bizkütüldükmü?were we grazed? | sizkütüldügüzmü?were you all grazed? | alakütüldülemi?were they grazed? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütülmedimmi?wasn't I grazed? | senkütülmediŋmi?weren't you grazed? | olkütülmedimi?wasn't he grazed? | bizkütülmedikmi?weren't we grazed? | sizkütülmedigizmi?weren't you all grazed? | alakütülmedilemi?weren't they grazed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütülgenmeI have been grazed | senkütülgenseyou have been grazed | olkütülgendihe has been grazed | bizkütülgenbizwe have been grazed | sizkütülgensizyou all have been grazed | alakütülgendilethey have been grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütülmegenmeI haven't been grazed | senkütülmegenseyou haven't been grazed | olkütülmegendihe hasn't been grazed | bizkütülmegenbizwe haven't been grazed | sizkütülmegensizyou all haven't been grazed | alakütülmegendilethey haven't been grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütülgenmemi? kütülgenmime?have I been grazed? | senkütülgenmise?have you been grazed? | olkütülgenmidi?has he been grazed? | bizkütülgenbizmi? kütülgenmibiz?have we been grazed? | sizkütülgenmisiz?have you all been grazed? | alakütülgenmidile?have they been grazed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütülmegenmemi? kütülmegenmime?haven't I been grazed? | senkütülmegenmise?haven't you been grazed? | olkütülmegenmidi?hasn't he been grazed? | bizkütülmegenbizmi? kütülmegenmibiz?haven't we been grazed? | sizkütülmegenmisiz?haven't you all been grazed? | alakütülmegenmidile?haven't they been grazed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkütülüb turdumI remained grazed | senkütülüb turduŋyou remained grazed | olkütülüb turduhe remained grazed | bizkütülüb turduqwe remained grazed | sizkütülüb turduğuzyou all remained grazed | alakütülüb turdulathey remained grazed |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkütülüb turmadımI didn't remain grazed | senkütülüb turmadıŋyou didn't remain grazed | olkütülüb turmadıhe didn't remain grazed | bizkütülüb turmadıqwe didn't remain grazed | sizkütülüb turmadığızyou all didn't remain grazed | alakütülüb turmadılathey didn't remain grazed |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütülürmeI will be grazed | senkütülürseyou will be grazed | olkütülürhe will be grazed | bizkütülürbüzwe will be grazed | sizkütülürsüzyou all will be grazed | alakütülürlethey will be grazed |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütülmezmeI won't be grazed | senkütülmezseyou won't be grazed | olkütülmezhe won't be grazed | bizkütülmezbizwe won't be grazed | sizkütülmezsizyou all won't be grazed | alakütülmezlethey won't be grazed |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütülürmemi? kütülürmüme?will I be grazed? | senkütülürmüse?will you be grazed? | olkütülürmü?will he be grazed? | bizkütülürbüzmü? kütülürmübüz?will we be grazed? | sizkütülürmüsüz?will you all be grazed? | alakütülürlemi? kütülürmüle?will they be grazed? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütülmezmemi? kütülmezmime?won't I be grazed? | senkütülmezmise?won't you be grazed? | olkütülmezmi?won't he be grazed? | bizkütülmezbizmi? kütülmezmibiz?won't we be grazed? | sizkütülmezmisiz?won't you all be grazed? | alakütülmezlemi? kütülmezmile?won't they be grazed? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkütüllükmeI am going to be grazed | senkütüllükseyou are going to be grazed | olkütüllükdühe is going to be grazed | bizkütüllükbüzwe are going to be grazed | sizkütüllüksüzyou all are going to be grazed | alakütüllükdülethey are going to be grazed |
| Definite future (future II) | menkütüllük tülmeI am not going to be grazed | senkütüllük tülseyou are not going to be grazed | olkütüllük tüldühe is not going to be grazed | bizkütüllük tülbüzwe are not going to be grazed | sizkütüllük tülsüzyou all are not going to be grazed | alakütüllük tüldülethey are not going to be grazed |
| Definite future (future II) | menkütüllükmemi? kütüllükmüme?am I going to be grazed? | senkütüllükmüse?are you going to be grazed? | olkütüllükmüdü?is he going to be grazed? | bizkütüllükbüzmü? kütüllükmübüz?are we going to be grazed? | sizkütüllükmüsüz?are you all going to be grazed? | alakütüllükmüdüle?are they going to be grazed? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkütüllük tülmüme?aren't I going to be grazed? | senkütüllük tülmüse?aren't you going to be grazed? | olkütüllük tülmüdü?isn't he going to be grazed? | bizkütüllük tülmübüz?aren't we going to be grazed? | sizkütüllük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be grazed? | alakütüllük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be grazed? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkütülgen edimkütülgenemI had been grazed | senkütülgen ediŋkütülgeneŋyou had been grazed | olkütülgen edikütülgenedhe had been grazed | bizkütülgen edikkütülgenekwe had been grazed | sizkütülgen edigizkütülgenegizyou all had been grazed | alakütülgen edilekütülgenellethey had been grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkütülmegen edimkütülmegenemI hadn't been grazed | senkütülmegen ediŋkütülmegeneŋyou hadn't been grazed | olkütülmegen edikütülmegenedhe hadn't been grazed | bizkütülmegen edikkütülmegenekwe hadn't been grazed | sizkütülmegen edigizkütülmegenegizyou all hadn't been grazed | alakütülmegen edilekütülmegenellethey hadn't been grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkütüle edimkütülemI was being grazed | senkütüle ediŋkütüleŋyou were being grazed | olkütüle edikütüledhe was being grazed | bizkütüle edikkütülekwe were being grazed | sizkütüle edigizkütülegizyou all were being grazed | alakütüle edilekütülellethey were being grazed |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkütülmey edimkütülmeyemI wasn't being grazed | senkütülmey ediŋkütülmeyeŋyou weren't being grazed | olkütülmey edikütülmeyedhe wasn't being grazed | bizkütülmey edikkütülmeyekwe weren't being grazed | sizkütülmey edigizkütülmeyegizyou all weren't being grazed | alakütülmey edilekütülmeyellethey weren't being grazed |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkütülüwçen edimkütülüwçenemI used to be grazed | senkütülüwçen ediŋkütülüwçeneŋyou used to be grazed | olkütülüwçen edikütülüwçenedhe used to be grazed | bizkütülüwçen edikkütülüwçenekwe used to be grazed | sizkütülüwçen edigizkütülüwçenegizyou all used to be grazed | alakütülüwçen edilekütülüwçenellethey used to be grazed |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkütülmewçen edimkütülmewçenemI didn't use to be grazed | senkütülmewçen ediŋkütülmewçeneŋyou didn't use to be grazed | olkütülmewçen edikütülmewçenedhe didn't use to be grazed | bizkütülmewçen edikkütülmewçenekwe didn't use to be grazed | sizkütülmewçen edigizkütülmewçenegizyou all didn't use to be grazed | alakütülmewçen edilekütülmewçenellethey didn't use to be grazed |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkütülüb edihe had been grazed and remained so | alakütülüb edilethey had been grazed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkütülüb tül edihe hadn't been grazed | alakütülüb tül edilethey hadn't been grazed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkütülüb tura edimkütülüb turaemI had remained grazed | senkütülüb tura ediŋkütülüb turaeŋyou had remained grazed | olkütülüb tura edikütülüb turaedhe had remained grazed | bizkütülüb tura edikkütülüb turaekwe had remained grazed | sizkütülüb tura edigizkütülüb turaegizyou all had remained grazed | alakütülüb tura edilekütülüb turaellethey had remained grazed |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkütülüb turmay edimkütülüb turmayemI hadn't remained grazed | senkütülüb turmay ediŋkütülüb turmayeŋyou hadn't remained grazed | olkütülüb turmay edikütülüb turmayedhe hadn't remained grazed | bizkütülüb turmay edikkütülüb turmayekwe hadn't remained grazed | sizkütülüb turmay edigizkütülüb turmayegizyou all hadn't remained grazed | alakütülüb turmay edilekütülüb turmayellethey hadn't remained grazed |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkütüle tura edimkütüle turaemI was in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle tura ediŋkütüle turaeŋyou were in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle tura edikütüle turaedhe was in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle tura edikkütüle turaekwe were in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle tura edigizkütüle turaegizyou all were in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle tura edilekütüle turaellethey were in the middle of being grazed |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkütüle turmay edimkütüle turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle turmay ediŋkütüle turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle turmay edikütüle turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle turmay edikkütüle turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle turmay edigizkütüle turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle turmay edilekütüle turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being grazed |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkütülür edimkütülür emI would be grazed | senkütülür ediŋkütülür eŋyou would be grazed | olkütülür edikütülür edhe would be grazed | bizkütülür edikkütülür ekwe would be grazed | sizkütülür edigizkütülür egizyou all would be grazed | alakütülür edilekütülür ellethey would be grazed |
| Conditional result (would) | menkütülmez edimkütülmez emI wouldn't be grazed | senkütülmez ediŋkütülmez eŋyou wouldn't be grazed | olkütülmez edikütülmez edhe wouldn't be grazed | bizkütülmez edikkütülmez ekwe wouldn't be grazed | sizkütülmez edigizkütülmez egizyou all wouldn't be grazed | alakütülmez edilekütülmez ellethey wouldn't be grazed |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkütüllük edimkütüllük emI would have been grazed | senkütüllük ediŋkütüllük eŋyou would have been grazed | olkütüllük edikütüllük edhe would have been grazed | bizkütüllük edikkütüllük ekwe would have been grazed | sizkütüllük edigizkütüllük egizyou all would have been grazed | alakütüllük edilekütüllük ellethey would have been grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkütüllük tül edimkütüllük tül emI wouldn't have been grazed | senkütüllük tül ediŋkütüllük tül eŋyou wouldn't have been grazed | olkütüllük tül edikütüllük tül edhe wouldn't have been grazed | bizkütüllük tül edikkütüllük tül ekwe wouldn't have been grazed | sizkütüllük tül edigizkütüllük tül egizyou all wouldn't have been grazed | alakütüllük tül edilekütüllük tül ellethey wouldn't have been grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkütülsemif I am grazed | senkütülseŋif you are grazed | olkütülseif he is grazed | bizkütülsekif we are grazed | sizkütülsegizif you all are grazed | alakütülseleif they are grazed |
| Conditional | menkütülmesemif I am not grazed | senkütülmeseŋif you are not grazed | olkütülmeseif he is not grazed | bizkütülmesekif we are not grazed | sizkütülmesegizif you all are not grazed | alakütülmeseleif they are not grazed |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkütüle esemif I am being grazed | senkütüle eseŋif you are being grazed | olkütüle eseif he is being grazed | bizkütüle esekif we are being grazed | sizkütüle esegizif you all are being grazed | alakütüle eseleif they are being grazed |
| Conditional, present real | menkütülmey esemif I am not being grazed | senkütülmey eseŋif you are not being grazed | olkütülmey eseif he is not being grazed | bizkütülmey esekif we are not being grazed | sizkütülmey esegizif you all are not being grazed | alakütülmey eseleif they are not being grazed |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkütülsem edikütülsem edif only I was grazed | senkütülseŋ edikütülseŋ edif only you was grazed | olkütülse edikütülsedif only he was grazed | bizkütülsek edikütülsek edif only we was grazed | sizkütülsegiz edikütülsegiz edif only you all was grazed | alakütülsele edikütülseledif only they was grazed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkütülmesem edikütülmesem edif only I didn't be grazed | senkütülmeseŋ edikütülmeseŋ edif only you didn't be grazed | olkütülmese edikütülmesedif only he didn't be grazed | bizkütülmesek edikütülmesek edif only we didn't be grazed | sizkütülmesegiz edikütülmesegiz edif only you all didn't be grazed | alakütülmesele edikütülmeseledif only they didn't be grazed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkütülüb tursamif I remain grazed | senkütülüb tursaŋif you remain grazed | olkütülüb tursaif he remains grazed | bizkütülüb tursaqif we remain grazed | sizkütülüb tursağızif you all remain grazed | alakütülüb tursalaif they remain grazed |
| Durative conditional | menkütülüb turmasamif I don't remain grazed | senkütülüb turmasaŋif you don't remain grazed | olkütülüb turmasaif he doesn't remain grazed | bizkütülüb turmasaqif we don't remain grazed | sizkütülüb turmasağızif you all don't remain grazed | alakütülüb turmasalaif they don't remain grazed |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkütülüb tura esemif I have remained grazed | senkütülüb tura eseŋif you have remained grazed | olkütülüb tura eseif he has remained grazed | bizkütülüb tura esekif we have remained grazed | sizkütülüb tura esegizif you all have remained grazed | alakütülüb tura eseleif they have remained grazed |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkütülüb turmay esemif I haven't remained grazed | senkütülüb turmay eseŋif you haven't remained grazed | olkütülüb turmay eseif he hasn't remained grazed | bizkütülüb turmay esekif we haven't remained grazed | sizkütülüb turmay esegizif you all haven't remained grazed | alakütülüb turmay eseleif they haven't remained grazed |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkütüle tursamif I keep being grazed | senkütüle tursaŋif you keep being grazed | olkütüle tursaif he keeps being grazed | bizkütüle tursaqif we keep being grazed | sizkütüle tursağızif you all keep being grazed | alakütüle tursalaif they keep being grazed |
| Progressive conditional | menkütülmey tursamif I keep on not being grazed | senkütülmey tursaŋif you keep on not being grazed | olkütülmey tursaif he keeps on not being grazed | bizkütülmey tursaqif we keep on not being grazed | sizkütülmey tursağızif you all keep on not being grazed | alakütülmey tursalaif they keep on not being grazed |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkütüle tura esemif I am in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle tura eseif he is in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle tura esekif we are in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle tura eseleif they are in the middle of being grazed |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkütülmey tura esemif I keep on not being grazed | senkütülmey tura eseŋif you keep on not being grazed | olkütülmey tura eseif he keeps on not being grazed | bizkütülmey tura esekif we keep on not being grazed | sizkütülmey tura esegizif you all keep on not being grazed | alakütülmey tura eseleif they keep on not being grazed |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkütüldüm esemif I was grazed | senkütüldüŋ eseŋif you were grazed | olkütüldü eseif he was grazed | bizkütüldük esekif we were grazed | sizkütüldügüz esegizif you all were grazed | alakütüldüle eseleif they were grazed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkütülmedim esemif I wasn't grazed | senkütülmediŋ eseŋif you weren't grazed | olkütülmedi eseif he wasn't grazed | bizkütülmedik esekif we weren't grazed | sizkütülmedigiz esegizif you all weren't grazed | alakütülmedile eseleif they weren't grazed |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkütülgen esemif I was grazed (indeed) | senkütülgen eseŋif you were grazed (indeed) | olkütülgen eseif he was grazed (indeed) | bizkütülgen esekif we were grazed (indeed) | sizkütülgen esegizif you all were grazed (indeed) | alakütülgen eseleif they were grazed (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkütülmegen esemif I wasn't grazed (indeed) | senkütülmegen eseŋif you weren't grazed (indeed) | olkütülmegen eseif he wasn't grazed (indeed) | bizkütülmegen esekif we weren't grazed (indeed) | sizkütülmegen esegizif you all weren't grazed (indeed) | alakütülmegen eseleif they weren't grazed (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkütülgen bolsamif I had been grazed | senkütülgen bolsaŋif you had been grazed | olkütülgen bolsaif he had been grazed | bizkütülgen bolsaqif we had been grazed | sizkütülgen bolsağızif you all had been grazed | alakütülgen bolsalaif they had been grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkütülmegen bolsamif I hadn't been grazed | senkütülmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't been grazed | olkütülmegen bolsaif he hadn't been grazed | bizkütülmegen bolsaqif we hadn't been grazed | sizkütülmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't been grazed | alakütülmegen bolsalaif they hadn't been grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkütülgen bolsam edikütülgen bolsam edif only I had been grazed | senkütülgen bolsaŋ edikütülgen bolsaŋ edif only you had been grazed | olkütülgen bolsa edikütülgen bolsaedif only he had been grazed | bizkütülgen bolsaq edikütülgen bolsaq edif only we had been grazed | sizkütülgen bolsağız edikütülgen bolsağız edif only you all had been grazed | alakütülgen bolsala edikütülgen bolsalaedif only they had been grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkütülmegen bolsam edikütülmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't been grazed | senkütülmegen bolsaŋ edikütülmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been grazed | olkütülmegen bolsa edikütülmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't been grazed | bizkütülmegen bolsaq edikütülmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't been grazed | sizkütülmegen bolsağız edikütülmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been grazed | alakütülmegen bolsala edikütülmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't been grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkütülür esemif I will be grazed | senkütülür eseŋif you will be grazed | olkütülür eseif he will be grazed | bizkütülür esekif we will be grazed | sizkütülür esegizif you all will be grazed | alakütülür eseleif they will be grazed |
| Conditional, aorist | menkütülmez esemif I won't be grazed | senkütülmez eseŋif you won't be grazed | olkütülmez eseif he won't be grazed | bizkütülmez esekif we won't be grazed | sizkütülmez esegizif you all won't be grazed | alakütülmez eseleif they won't be grazed |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkütüllük esemif I am going to be grazed | senkütüllük eseŋif you are going to be grazed | olkütüllük eseif he is going to be grazed | bizkütüllük esekif we are going to be grazed | sizkütüllük esegizif you all are going to be grazed | alakütüllük eseleif they are going to be grazed |
| Conditional, future | menkütüllük tül esemif I am not going to be grazed | senkütüllük tül eseŋif you are not going to be grazed | olkütüllük tül eseif he is not going to be grazed | bizkütüllük tül esekif we are not going to be grazed | sizkütüllük tül esegizif you all are not going to be grazed | alakütüllük tül eseleif they are not going to be grazed |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkütüllük bolsamif I were going to be grazed | senkütüllük bolsaŋif you were going to be grazed | olkütüllük bolsaif he were going to be grazed | bizkütüllük bolsaqif we were going to be grazed | sizkütüllük bolsağızif you all were going to be grazed | alakütüllük bolsalaif they were going to be grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkütülmezlik bolsamif I were not going to be grazed | senkütülmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to be grazed | olkütülmezlik bolsaif he were not going to be grazed | bizkütülmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to be grazed | sizkütülmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to be grazed | alakütülmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to be grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kütüldüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkütüle bolurmaI must be being grazed | senkütüle bolursayou must be being grazed | olkütüle bolurhe must be being grazed | bizkütüle bolurbuzwe must be being grazed | sizkütüle bolursuzyou all must be being grazed | alakütüle bolurlathey must be being grazed |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkütülmey bolurmaI must not be being grazed | senkütülmey bolursayou must not be being grazed | olkütülmey bolurhe must not be being grazed | bizkütülmey bolurbuzwe must not be being grazed | sizkütülmey bolursuzyou all must not be being grazed | alakütülmey bolurlathey must not be being grazed |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkütüle tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being grazed |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkütülmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not being grazed | senkütülmey tura bolursayou must keep on not being grazed | olkütülmey tura bolurhe must keep on not being grazed | bizkütülmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being grazed | sizkütülmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being grazed | alakütülmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not being grazed |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkütülgen bolurmaI must have been grazed | senkütülgen bolursayou must have been grazed | olkütülgen bolurhe must have been grazed | bizkütülgen bolurbuzwe must have been grazed | sizkütülgen bolursuzyou all must have been grazed | alakütülgen bolurlathey must have been grazed |
| Inference (must have) | menkütülmegen bolurmaI must not have been grazed | senkütülmegen bolursayou must not have been grazed | olkütülmegen bolurhe must not have been grazed | bizkütülmegen bolurbuzwe must not have been grazed | sizkütülmegen bolursuzyou all must not have been grazed | alakütülmegen bolurlathey must not have been grazed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkütüllük bolurmaI must be going to be grazed | senkütüllük bolursayou must be going to be grazed | olkütüllük bolurhe must be going to be grazed | bizkütüllük bolurbuzwe must be going to be grazed | sizkütüllük bolursuzyou all must be going to be grazed | alakütüllük bolurlathey must be going to be grazed |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkütülmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to be grazed | senkütülmezlik bolursayou must not be going to be grazed | olkütülmezlik bolurhe must not be going to be grazed | bizkütülmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to be grazed | sizkütülmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to be grazed | alakütülmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to be grazed |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkütüleyimlet me be grazed | senkütül!be grazed! | olkütülsünlet him be grazed | bizkütüleyiklet's be grazed | sizkütülügüz!be grazed, you all! | alakütülsünlelet them be grazed |
| Commands & suggestions | menkütülmeyimlet me not be grazed | senkütülme!don't be grazed! | olkütülmesinlet him not be grazed | bizkütülmeyiklet's not be grazed | sizkütülmegiz!don't be grazed, you all! | alakütülmesinlelet them not be grazed |
| Commands & suggestions | menkütüleyimmi?shall I be grazed? | olkütülsünmü?should he be grazed? | bizkütüleyikmi?shall we be grazed? | alakütülsünlemi?should they be grazed? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkütülmeyimmi?shall I not be grazed? | olkütülmesinmi?should he not be grazed? | bizkütülmeyikmi?shall we not be grazed? | alakütülmesinlemi?should they not be grazed? | ||
| Requests | senkütülçü2kütülçünplease be grazed | olkütülsünçüdo let him be grazed | sizkütülçügüzplease be grazed (plural/polite) | alakütülsünleçido let them be grazed | ||
| Requests | senkütülmeçi2kütülmeçinplease don't be grazed | olkütülmesinçido let him not be grazed | sizkütülmeçigizplease don't be grazed (plural/polite) | alakütülmesinleçido let them not be grazed | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkütülgünkütülgümay you be grazed | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkütülmeginkütülmegimay you not be grazed | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkütülgey edim kütülge edimwould that I were grazed | senkütülgey ediŋ kütülge ediŋwould that you were grazed | olkütülgey edi kütülge ediwould that he were grazed | bizkütülgey edik kütülge edikwould that we were grazed | sizkütülgey edigiz kütülge edigizwould that you all were grazed | alakütülgey edile kütülge edilewould that they were grazed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkütülmegey edim kütülmege edimwould that I were not grazed | senkütülmegey ediŋ kütülmege ediŋwould that you were not grazed | olkütülmegey edi kütülmege ediwould that he were not grazed | bizkütülmegey edik kütülmege edikwould that we were not grazed | sizkütülmegey edigiz kütülmege edigizwould that you all were not grazed | alakütülmegey edile kütülmege edilewould that they were not grazed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütülmege qoyayımkütülme qoyayımlet me allow someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoy!kütülme qoy!let someone be grazed! | olkütülmege qoysunkütülme qoysunlet him allow someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoyayıqkütülme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoyuğuz!kütülme qoyuğuz!let someone be grazed, you all! | alakütülmege qoysunlakütülme qoysunlalet them allow someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütülmege qoymayımkütülme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoyma!kütülme qoyma!don't let someone be grazed! | olkütülmege qoymasınkütülme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoymayıqkütülme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoymağız!kütülme qoymağız!don't let someone be grazed, you all! | alakütülmege qoymasınlakütülme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütülmege qoyayımmı?kütülme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoysunmu?kütülme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoyayıqmı?kütülme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoysunlamı?kütülme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be grazed? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütülmege qoymayımmı?kütülme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoymasınmı?kütülme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoymayıqmı?kütülme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoymasınlamı?kütülme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be grazed? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkütülmege qoyamakütülme qoyamaI allow someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoyasakütülme qoyasayou allow someone to be grazed | olkütülmege qoyadıkütülme qoyadıhe allows someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoyabızkütülme qoyabızwe allow someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoyasızkütülme qoyasızyou all allow someone to be grazed | alakütülmege qoyadılakütülme qoyadılathey allow someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütülmege qoymaymakütülme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoymaysakütülme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be grazed | olkütülmege qoymaydıkütülme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoymaybızkütülme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoymaysızkütülme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be grazed | alakütülmege qoymaydılakütülme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütülmege qoyamamı?kütülme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be grazed? | senkütülmege qoyamısa?kütülme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoyamıdı?kütülme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoyabızmı?kütülme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be grazed? | sizkütülmege qoyamısız?kütülme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoyamıdıla?kütülme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be grazed? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütülmege qoymaymamı?kütülme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be grazed? | senkütülmege qoymaymısa?kütülme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoymaymıdı?kütülme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoymaybızmı?kütülme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be grazed? | sizkütülmege qoymaymısız?kütülme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoymaymıdıla?kütülme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be grazed? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütülmege qoydumkütülme qoydumI allowed someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoyduŋkütülme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be grazed | olkütülmege qoydukütülme qoyduhe allowed someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoyduqkütülme qoyduqwe allowed someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoyduğuzkütülme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be grazed | alakütülmege qoydulakütülme qoydulathey allowed someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütülmege qoymadımkütülme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be grazed | senkütülmege qoymadıŋkütülme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be grazed | olkütülmege qoymadıkütülme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be grazed | bizkütülmege qoymadıqkütülme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be grazed | sizkütülmege qoymadığızkütülme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be grazed | alakütülmege qoymadılakütülme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be grazed |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütülmege qoydummu?kütülme qoydummu?did I allow someone to be grazed? | senkütülmege qoyduŋmu?kütülme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoydumu?kütülme qoydumu?did he allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoyduqmu?kütülme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be grazed? | sizkütülmege qoyduğuzmu?kütülme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoydulamı?kütülme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be grazed? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütülmege qoymadımmı?kütülme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be grazed? | senkütülmege qoymadıŋmı?kütülme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be grazed? | olkütülmege qoymadımı?kütülme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be grazed? | bizkütülmege qoymadıqmı?kütülme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be grazed? | sizkütülmege qoymadığızmı?kütülme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be grazed? | alakütülmege qoymadılamı?kütülme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be grazed? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
kütülalırğa be able to be grazed · kütülalmazğa be unable to be grazed
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkütülalamaI can be grazed | senkütülalasayou can be grazed | olkütülaladıhe can be grazed | bizkütülalabızwe can be grazed | sizkütülalasızyou all can be grazed | alakütülaladılathey can be grazed |
| Ability — present | menkütülalmaymaI can't be grazed | senkütülalmaysayou can't be grazed | olkütülalmaydıhe can't be grazed | bizkütülalmaybızwe can't be grazed | sizkütülalmaysızyou all can't be grazed | alakütülalmaydılathey can't be grazed |
| Ability — present | menkütülalamamı? kütülalamıma?can I be grazed? | senkütülalamısa?can you be grazed? | olkütülalamıdı?can he be grazed? | bizkütülalabızmı? kütülalamıbız?can we be grazed? | sizkütülalamısız?can you all be grazed? | alakütülalamıdıla?can they be grazed? |
| Ability — present | menkütülalmaymamı? kütülalmaymıma?can't I be grazed? | senkütülalmaymısa?can't you be grazed? | olkütülalmaymıdı?can't he be grazed? | bizkütülalmaybızmı? kütülalmaymıbız?can't we be grazed? | sizkütülalmaymısız?can't you all be grazed? | alakütülalmaymıdıla?can't they be grazed? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkütülalsamif I can be grazed | senkütülalsaŋif you can be grazed | olkütülalsaif he can be grazed | bizkütülalsaqif we can be grazed | sizkütülalsağızif you all can be grazed | alakütülalsalaif they can be grazed |
| Ability — if I can… | menkütülalmasamif I can't be grazed | senkütülalmasaŋif you can't be grazed | olkütülalmasaif he can't be grazed | bizkütülalmasaqif we can't be grazed | sizkütülalmasağızif you all can't be grazed | alakütülalmasalaif they can't be grazed |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkütülaldımI was able to be grazed | senkütülaldıŋyou were able to be grazed | olkütülaldıhe was able to be grazed | bizkütülaldıqwe were able to be grazed | sizkütülaldığızyou all were able to be grazed | alakütülaldılathey were able to be grazed |
| Ability — simple past | menkütülalmadımI could not be grazed | senkütülalmadıŋyou could not be grazed | olkütülalmadıhe could not be grazed | bizkütülalmadıqwe could not be grazed | sizkütülalmadığızyou all could not be grazed | alakütülalmadılathey could not be grazed |
| Ability — simple past | menkütülaldımmı?was I able to be grazed? | senkütülaldıŋmı?were you able to be grazed? | olkütülaldımı?was he able to be grazed? | bizkütülaldıqmı?were we able to be grazed? | sizkütülaldığızmı?were you all able to be grazed? | alakütülaldılamı?were they able to be grazed? |
| Ability — simple past | menkütülalmadımmı?couldn't I be grazed? | senkütülalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be grazed? | olkütülalmadımı?couldn't he be grazed? | bizkütülalmadıqmı?couldn't we be grazed? | sizkütülalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be grazed? | alakütülalmadılamı?couldn't they be grazed? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütülalğanmaI have been able to be grazed | senkütülalğansayou have been able to be grazed | olkütülalğandıhe has been able to be grazed | bizkütülalğanbızwe have been able to be grazed | sizkütülalğansızyou all have been able to be grazed | alakütülalğandılathey have been able to be grazed |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütülalmağanmaI haven't been able to be grazed | senkütülalmağansayou haven't been able to be grazed | olkütülalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be grazed | bizkütülalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be grazed | sizkütülalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be grazed | alakütülalmağandılathey haven't been able to be grazed |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütülalğanmamı? kütülalğanmıma?have I been able to be grazed? | senkütülalğanmısa?have you been able to be grazed? | olkütülalğanmıdı?has he been able to be grazed? | bizkütülalğanbızmı? kütülalğanmıbız?have we been able to be grazed? | sizkütülalğanmısız?have you all been able to be grazed? | alakütülalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be grazed? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütülalmağanmamı? kütülalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be grazed? | senkütülalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be grazed? | olkütülalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be grazed? | bizkütülalmağanbızmı? kütülalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be grazed? | sizkütülalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be grazed? | alakütülalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be grazed? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkütülalğan edimkütülalğanemI had been able to be grazed | senkütülalğan ediŋkütülalğaneŋyou had been able to be grazed | olkütülalğan edikütülalğanedhe had been able to be grazed | bizkütülalğan edikkütülalğanekwe had been able to be grazed | sizkütülalğan edigizkütülalğanegizyou all had been able to be grazed | alakütülalğan edilekütülalğanellethey had been able to be grazed |
| Ability — past perfect | menkütülalmağan edimkütülalmağanemI hadn't been able to be grazed | senkütülalmağan ediŋkütülalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be grazed | olkütülalmağan edikütülalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be grazed | bizkütülalmağan edikkütülalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be grazed | sizkütülalmağan edigizkütülalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be grazed | alakütülalmağan edilekütülalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be grazed |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkütülala edimkütülalaemI could be grazed | senkütülala ediŋkütülalaeŋyou could be grazed | olkütülala edikütülalaedhe could be grazed | bizkütülala edikkütülalaekwe could be grazed | sizkütülala edigizkütülalaegizyou all could be grazed | alakütülala edilekütülalaellethey could be grazed |
| Ability — past background | menkütülalmay edimkütülalmayemI could not be grazed | senkütülalmay ediŋkütülalmayeŋyou could not be grazed | olkütülalmay edikütülalmayedhe could not be grazed | bizkütülalmay edikkütülalmayekwe could not be grazed | sizkütülalmay edigizkütülalmayegizyou all could not be grazed | alakütülalmay edilekütülalmayellethey could not be grazed |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkütülalırmaI will be able to be grazed | senkütülalırsayou will be able to be grazed | olkütülalırhe will be able to be grazed | bizkütülalırbızwe will be able to be grazed | sizkütülalırsızyou all will be able to be grazed | alakütülalırlathey will be able to be grazed |
| Ability — future I | menkütülalmazmaI won't be able to be grazed | senkütülalmazsayou won't be able to be grazed | olkütülalmazhe won't be able to be grazed | bizkütülalmazbızwe won't be able to be grazed | sizkütülalmazsızyou all won't be able to be grazed | alakütülalmazlathey won't be able to be grazed |
| Ability — future I | menkütülalırmamı? kütülalırmıma?will I be able to be grazed? | senkütülalırmısa?will you be able to be grazed? | olkütülalırmı?will he be able to be grazed? | bizkütülalırbızmı? kütülalırmıbız?will we be able to be grazed? | sizkütülalırmısız?will you all be able to be grazed? | alakütülalırlamı? kütülalırmıla?will they be able to be grazed? |
| Ability — future I | menkütülalmazmamı? kütülalmazmıma?won't I be able to be grazed? | senkütülalmazmısa?won't you be able to be grazed? | olkütülalmazmı?won't he be able to be grazed? | bizkütülalmazbızmı? kütülalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be grazed? | sizkütülalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be grazed? | alakütülalmazlamı? kütülalmazmıla?won't they be able to be grazed? |
| Ability — future II | menkütülallıqmaI am going to be able to be grazed | senkütülallıqsayou are going to be able to be grazed | olkütülallıqdıhe is going to be able to be grazed | bizkütülallıqbızwe are going to be able to be grazed | sizkütülallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be grazed | alakütülallıqdılathey are going to be able to be grazed |
| Ability — future II | menkütülallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be grazed | senkütülallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be grazed | olkütülallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be grazed | bizkütülallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be grazed | sizkütülallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be grazed | alakütülallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be grazed |
| Ability — future II | menkütülallıqmamı? kütülallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be grazed? | senkütülallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be grazed? | olkütülallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be grazed? | bizkütülallıqbızmı? kütülallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be grazed? | sizkütülallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be grazed? | alakütülallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be grazed? |
| Ability — future II | menkütülallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be grazed? | senkütülallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be grazed? | olkütülallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be grazed? | bizkütülallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be grazed? | sizkütülallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be grazed? | alakütülallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be grazed? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkütülalır edimkütülalır emI would be able to be grazed | senkütülalır ediŋkütülalır eŋyou would be able to be grazed | olkütülalır edikütülalır edhe would be able to be grazed | bizkütülalır edikkütülalır ekwe would be able to be grazed | sizkütülalır edigizkütülalır egizyou all would be able to be grazed | alakütülalır edilekütülalır ellethey would be able to be grazed |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkütülalmaz edimkütülalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be grazed | senkütülalmaz ediŋkütülalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be grazed | olkütülalmaz edikütülalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be grazed | bizkütülalmaz edikkütülalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be grazed | sizkütülalmaz edigizkütülalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be grazed | alakütülalmaz edilekütülalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be grazed |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkütülalğınkütülalğımay you be able to be grazed | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkütülalmağınkütülalmağımay you not be able to be grazed | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkütülürge izleymeI want to be grazed | senkütülürge izleyseyou want to be grazed | olkütülürge izleydihe wants to be grazed | bizkütülürge izleybizwe want to be grazed | sizkütülürge izleysizyou all want to be grazed | alakütülürge izleydilethey want to be grazed |
| want to | menkütülürge izlemeymeI do not want to be grazed | senkütülürge izlemeyseyou do not want to be grazed | olkütülürge izlemeydihe does not want to be grazed | bizkütülürge izlemeybizwe do not want to be grazed | sizkütülürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to be grazed | alakütülürge izlemeydilethey do not want to be grazed |
| would like to | menkütülürge süemeI would like to be grazed | senkütülürge süeseyou would like to be grazed | olkütülürge süedihe would like to be grazed | bizkütülürge süebizwe would like to be grazed | sizkütülürge süesizyou all would like to be grazed | alakütülürge süedilethey would like to be grazed |
| would like to | menkütülürge süymeymeI would not like to be grazed | senkütülürge süymeyseyou would not like to be grazed | olkütülürge süymeydihe would not like to be grazed | bizkütülürge süymeybizwe would not like to be grazed | sizkütülürge süymeysizyou all would not like to be grazed | alakütülürge süymeydilethey would not like to be grazed |
| hope to | menkütülürge umutlanamaI hope to be grazed | senkütülürge umutlanasayou hope to be grazed | olkütülürge umutlanadıhe hopes to be grazed | bizkütülürge umutlanabızwe hope to be grazed | sizkütülürge umutlanasızyou all hope to be grazed | alakütülürge umutlanadılathey hope to be grazed |
| hope to | menkütülürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be grazed | senkütülürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be grazed | olkütülürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be grazed | bizkütülürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be grazed | sizkütülürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be grazed | alakütülürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be grazed |
| be about to | menkütülürge deb turamaI am about to be grazed | senkütülürge deb turasayou are about to be grazed | olkütülürge deb turadıhe is about to be grazed | bizkütülürge deb turabızwe are about to be grazed | sizkütülürge deb turasızyou all are about to be grazed | alakütülürge deb turadılathey are about to be grazed |
| be about to | menkütülürge deb turmaymaI am not about to be grazed | senkütülürge deb turmaysayou are not about to be grazed | olkütülürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to be grazed | bizkütülürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to be grazed | sizkütülürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be grazed | alakütülürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to be grazed |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkütülürge kerekmeI need to be grazed | senkütülürge kerekseyou need to be grazed | olkütülürge kerekdihe needs to be grazed | bizkütülürge kerekbizwe need to be grazed | sizkütülürge kereksizyou all need to be grazed | alakütülürge kerekdilethey need to be grazed |
| need to | menkütülürge kerek tülmeI do not need to be grazed | senkütülürge kerek tülseyou do not need to be grazed | olkütülürge kerek tüldühe does not need to be grazed | bizkütülürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be grazed | sizkütülürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be grazed | alakütülürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to be grazed |
| have to | menmenŋe kütülürge tüşediI have to be grazed | sensenŋe kütülürge tüşediyou have to be grazed | olaŋa kütülürge tüşedihe has to be grazed | bizbizge kütülürge tüşediwe have to be grazed | sizsizge kütülürge tüşediyou all have to be grazed | alaalağa kütülürge tüşedithey have to be grazed |
| have to | menmenŋe kütülürge tüşmeydiI do not have to be grazed | sensenŋe kütülürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to be grazed | olaŋa kütülürge tüşmeydihe does not have to be grazed | bizbizge kütülürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to be grazed | sizsizge kütülürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be grazed | alaalağa kütülürge tüşmeydithey do not have to be grazed |
| be obliged to | menkütülürge borçlumaI am obliged to be grazed | senkütülürge borçlusayou are obliged to be grazed | olkütülürge borçluduhe is obliged to be grazed | bizkütülürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to be grazed | sizkütülürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be grazed | alakütülürge borçludulathey are obliged to be grazed |
| be obliged to | menkütülürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be grazed | senkütülürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be grazed | olkütülürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be grazed | bizkütülürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be grazed | sizkütülürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be grazed | alakütülürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be grazed |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkütülürge madarım bardıI have a way to be grazed | senkütülürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be grazed | olkütülürge madarı bardıhe has a way to be grazed | bizkütülürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be grazed | sizkütülürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be grazed | alakütülürge madarları bardıthey have a way to be grazed |
| have a way to | menkütülürge madarım joqduI have no way to be grazed | senkütülürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be grazed | olkütülürge madarı joqduhe has no way to be grazed | bizkütülürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be grazed | sizkütülürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be grazed | alakütülürge madarları joqduthey have no way to be grazed |
| be free to | menkütülürge erkinligim bardıI am free to be grazed | senkütülürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be grazed | olkütülürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to be grazed | bizkütülürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be grazed | sizkütülürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be grazed | alakütülürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be grazed |
| be free to | menkütülürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to be grazed | senkütülürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be grazed | olkütülürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be grazed | bizkütülürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be grazed | sizkütülürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be grazed | alakütülürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be grazed |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for me to be grazed | sensenŋe kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for you to be grazed | olaŋa kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for him to be grazed | bizbizge kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for us to be grazed | sizsizge kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to be grazed | alaalağa kütülürge bolluqduit is possible for them to be grazed |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be grazed | sensenŋe kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be grazed | olaŋa kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be grazed | bizbizge kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be grazed | sizsizge kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be grazed | alaalağa kütülürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be grazed |
| be ready to | menkütülürge hazırmaI am ready to be grazed | senkütülürge hazırsayou are ready to be grazed | olkütülürge hazırdıhe is ready to be grazed | bizkütülürge hazırbızwe are ready to be grazed | sizkütülürge hazırsızyou all are ready to be grazed | alakütülürge hazırdılathey are ready to be grazed |
| be ready to | menkütülürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to be grazed | senkütülürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to be grazed | olkütülürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to be grazed | bizkütülürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be grazed | sizkütülürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be grazed | alakütülürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be grazed |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkütülürge küreşemeI am trying to be grazed | senkütülürge küreşeseyou are trying to be grazed | olkütülürge küreşedihe is trying to be grazed | bizkütülürge küreşebizwe are trying to be grazed | sizkütülürge küreşesizyou all are trying to be grazed | alakütülürge küreşedilethey are trying to be grazed |
| try to | menkütülürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to be grazed | senkütülürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be grazed | olkütülürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to be grazed | bizkütülürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be grazed | sizkütülürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be grazed | alakütülürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be grazed |
| agree to | menkütülürge unaymaI agree to be grazed | senkütülürge unaysayou agree to be grazed | olkütülürge unaydıhe agrees to be grazed | bizkütülürge unaybızwe agree to be grazed | sizkütülürge unaysızyou all agree to be grazed | alakütülürge unaydılathey agree to be grazed |
| agree to | menkütülürge unamaymaI refuse to be grazed | senkütülürge unamaysayou refuse to be grazed | olkütülürge unamaydıhe refuses to be grazed | bizkütülürge unamaybızwe refuse to be grazed | sizkütülürge unamaysızyou all refuse to be grazed | alakütülürge unamaydılathey refuse to be grazed |
| hurry to | menkütülürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to be grazed | senkütülürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to be grazed | olkütülürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be grazed | bizkütülürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be grazed | sizkütülürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be grazed | alakütülürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be grazed |
| hurry to | menkütülürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be grazed | senkütülürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be grazed | olkütülürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be grazed | bizkütülürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be grazed | sizkütülürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be grazed | alakütülürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be grazed |
| be afraid to | menkütülürge qorqamaI am afraid to be grazed | senkütülürge qorqasayou are afraid to be grazed | olkütülürge qorqadıhe is afraid to be grazed | bizkütülürge qorqabızwe are afraid to be grazed | sizkütülürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to be grazed | alakütülürge qorqadılathey are afraid to be grazed |
| be afraid to | menkütülürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be grazed | senkütülürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be grazed | olkütülürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be grazed | bizkütülürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be grazed | sizkütülürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be grazed | alakütülürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be grazed |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkütüle bolmazmaI can't be being grazed | senkütüle bolmazsayou can't be being grazed | olkütüle bolmazhe can't be being grazed | bizkütüle bolmazbızwe can't be being grazed | sizkütüle bolmazsızyou all can't be being grazed | alakütüle bolmazlathey can't be being grazed |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkütülmey bolmazmaI must be being grazed (emphatic) | senkütülmey bolmazsayou must be being grazed (emphatic) | olkütülmey bolmazhe must be being grazed (emphatic) | bizkütülmey bolmazbızwe must be being grazed (emphatic) | sizkütülmey bolmazsızyou all must be being grazed (emphatic) | alakütülmey bolmazlathey must be being grazed (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkütüle turmasamif I don't keep being grazed | senkütüle turmasaŋif you don't keep being grazed | olkütüle turmasaif he doesn't keep being grazed | bizkütüle turmasaqif we don't keep being grazed | sizkütüle turmasağızif you all don't keep being grazed | alakütüle turmasalaif they don't keep being grazed |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkütüle tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being grazed | senkütüle tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being grazed | olkütüle tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being grazed | bizkütüle tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being grazed | sizkütüle tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being grazed | alakütüle tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being grazed |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkütülmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) | senkütülmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) | olkütülmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) | bizkütülmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) | sizkütülmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) | alakütülmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being grazed (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkütülmey turamaI keep on not being grazed | senkütülmey turasayou keep on not being grazed | olkütülmey turadıhe keeps on not being grazed | bizkütülmey turabızwe keep on not being grazed | sizkütülmey turasızyou all keep on not being grazed | alakütülmey turadılathey keep on not being grazed |
| Progressive — double negation | menkütülmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not being grazed | senkütülmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not being grazed | olkütülmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being grazed | bizkütülmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being grazed | sizkütülmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being grazed | alakütülmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being grazed |
| Progressive — double negation | menkütülmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being grazed? | senkütülmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being grazed? | olkütülmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being grazed? | bizkütülmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being grazed? | sizkütülmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being grazed? | alakütülmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being grazed? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkütülgen bolmazmaI can't have been grazed | senkütülgen bolmazsayou can't have been grazed | olkütülgen bolmazhe can't have been grazed | bizkütülgen bolmazbızwe can't have been grazed | sizkütülgen bolmazsızyou all can't have been grazed | alakütülgen bolmazlathey can't have been grazed |
| Inference — double negation | menkütülmegen bolmazmaI must have been grazed (emphatic) | senkütülmegen bolmazsayou must have been grazed (emphatic) | olkütülmegen bolmazhe must have been grazed (emphatic) | bizkütülmegen bolmazbızwe must have been grazed (emphatic) | sizkütülmegen bolmazsızyou all must have been grazed (emphatic) | alakütülmegen bolmazlathey must have been grazed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkütülgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had been grazed | senkütülgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been grazed | olkütülgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had been grazed | bizkütülgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been grazed | sizkütülgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been grazed | alakütülgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been grazed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkütülmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been grazed | senkütülmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been grazed | olkütülmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been grazed | bizkütülmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been grazed | sizkütülmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been grazed | alakütülmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been grazed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkütüllük bolmazmaI can't be going to be grazed | senkütüllük bolmazsayou can't be going to be grazed | olkütüllük bolmazhe can't be going to be grazed | bizkütüllük bolmazbızwe can't be going to be grazed | sizkütüllük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be grazed | alakütüllük bolmazlathey can't be going to be grazed |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkütülmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to be grazed (emphatic) | senkütülmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to be grazed (emphatic) | olkütülmezlik bolmazhe must be going to be grazed (emphatic) | bizkütülmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to be grazed (emphatic) | sizkütülmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to be grazed (emphatic) | alakütülmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to be grazed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkütüllük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be grazed | senkütüllük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be grazed | olkütüllük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be grazed | bizkütüllük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be grazed | sizkütüllük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be grazed | alakütüllük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be grazed |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkütülmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be grazed | senkütülmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be grazed | olkütülmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be grazed | bizkütülmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be grazed | sizkütülmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be grazed | alakütülmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be grazed |