juğarğa
/dʒuʁarʁa/
pass to someone, spread, be catching (of an illness)
- awruw sabiylege juğadı — the illness passes to the children
- menŋe kesekle juqğandıla — the flu has passed to me
- sabiyge kesekle juqğandı — the flu has passed to the child
- bu awruw adamğa juğar — this illness can pass to people
- awruwu anŋa juqmadı — his illness did not pass to her
Conjugation
Common forms
- juğadıhe is spreading
- juqduhe spread
- juqğandıhe has spread
- juğarhe will spread
- juğarıqdıhe is going to spread
- juğa edihe was spreading
- juqsaif he spreads
- juq!spread!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuğamaI am spreading | senjuğasayou are spreading | oljuğadıhe is spreading | bizjuğabızwe are spreading | sizjuğasızyou all are spreading | alajuğadılathey are spreading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuqmaymaI am not spreading | senjuqmaysayou are not spreading | oljuqmaydıhe is not spreading | bizjuqmaybızwe are not spreading | sizjuqmaysızyou all are not spreading | alajuqmaydılathey are not spreading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuğamamı? juğamıma?am I spreading? | senjuğamısa?are you spreading? | oljuğamıdı?is he spreading? | bizjuğabızmı? juğamıbız?are we spreading? | sizjuğamısız?are you all spreading? | alajuğamıdıla?are they spreading? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuqmaymamı? juqmaymıma?aren't I spreading? | senjuqmaymısa?aren't you spreading? | oljuqmaymıdı?isn't he spreading? | bizjuqmaybızmı? juqmaymıbız?aren't we spreading? | sizjuqmaymısız?aren't you all spreading? | alajuqmaymıdıla?aren't they spreading? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuğuwçanmaI usually spread | senjuğuwçansayou usually spread | oljuğuwçandıhe usually spreads | bizjuğuwçanbızwe usually spread | sizjuğuwçansızyou all usually spread | alajuğuwçandılathey usually spread |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuqmawçanmaI usually don't spread | senjuqmawçansayou usually don't spread | oljuqmawçandıhe usually doesn't spread | bizjuqmawçanbızwe usually don't spread | sizjuqmawçansızyou all usually don't spread | alajuqmawçandılathey usually don't spread |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuğuwçanmamı? juğuwçanmıma?do I usually spread? | senjuğuwçanmısa?do you usually spread? | oljuğuwçanmıdı?does he usually spread? | bizjuğuwçanbızmı? juğuwçanmıbız?do we usually spread? | sizjuğuwçanmısız?do you all usually spread? | alajuğuwçanmıdıla?do they usually spread? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuqmawçanmamı? juqmawçanmıma?do I usually not spread? | senjuqmawçanmısa?do you usually not spread? | oljuqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not spread? | bizjuqmawçanbızmı? juqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not spread? | sizjuqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not spread? | alajuqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spread? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljuğubduhe has spread and remains so | alajuğubdulathey have spread and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljuğubmudu?has he spread? | alajuğubmudula?have they spread? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuğub turamaI keep spreading | senjuğub turasayou keep spreading | oljuğub turadıhe keeps spreading | bizjuğub turabızwe keep spreading | sizjuğub turasızyou all keep spreading | alajuğub turadılathey keep spreading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuğub turmaymaI don't keep spreading | senjuğub turmaysayou don't keep spreading | oljuğub turmaydıhe doesn't keep spreading | bizjuğub turmaybızwe don't keep spreading | sizjuğub turmaysızyou all don't keep spreading | alajuğub turmaydılathey don't keep spreading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuğub turamamı? juğub turamıma?do I keep spreading? | senjuğub turamısa?do you keep spreading? | oljuğub turamıdı?does he keep spreading? | bizjuğub turabızmı? juğub turamıbız?do we keep spreading? | sizjuğub turamısız?do you all keep spreading? | alajuğub turamıdıla?do they keep spreading? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuğub turmaymamı? juğub turmaymıma?don't I keep spreading? | senjuğub turmaymısa?don't you keep spreading? | oljuğub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spreading? | bizjuğub turmaybızmı? juğub turmaymıbız?don't we keep spreading? | sizjuğub turmaymısız?don't you all keep spreading? | alajuğub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spreading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuğa turamaI am in the middle of spreading | senjuğa turasayou are in the middle of spreading | oljuğa turadıhe is in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa turabızwe are in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa turasızyou all are in the middle of spreading | alajuğa turadılathey are in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuğa turmaymaI am not in the middle of spreading | senjuğa turmaysayou are not in the middle of spreading | oljuğa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spreading | alajuğa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuğa turamamı? juğa turamıma?am I in the middle of spreading? | senjuğa turamısa?are you in the middle of spreading? | oljuğa turamıdı?is he in the middle of spreading? | bizjuğa turabızmı? juğa turamıbız?are we in the middle of spreading? | sizjuğa turamısız?are you all in the middle of spreading? | alajuğa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spreading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuğa turmaymamı? juğa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spreading? | senjuğa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spreading? | oljuğa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spreading? | bizjuğa turmaybızmı? juğa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spreading? | sizjuğa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spreading? | alajuğa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spreading? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuqdumI spread | senjuqduŋyou spread | oljuqduhe spread | bizjuqduqwe spread | sizjuqduğuzyou all spread | alajuqdulathey spread |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuqmadımI didn't spread | senjuqmadıŋyou didn't spread | oljuqmadıhe didn't spread | bizjuqmadıqwe didn't spread | sizjuqmadığızyou all didn't spread | alajuqmadılathey didn't spread |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuqdummu?did I spread? | senjuqduŋmu?did you spread? | oljuqdumu?did he spread? | bizjuqduqmu?did we spread? | sizjuqduğuzmu?did you all spread? | alajuqdulamı?did they spread? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuqmadımmı?didn't I spread? | senjuqmadıŋmı?didn't you spread? | oljuqmadımı?didn't he spread? | bizjuqmadıqmı?didn't we spread? | sizjuqmadığızmı?didn't you all spread? | alajuqmadılamı?didn't they spread? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuqğanmaI have spread | senjuqğansayou have spread | oljuqğandıhe has spread | bizjuqğanbızwe have spread | sizjuqğansızyou all have spread | alajuqğandılathey have spread |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuqmağanmaI haven't spread | senjuqmağansayou haven't spread | oljuqmağandıhe hasn't spread | bizjuqmağanbızwe haven't spread | sizjuqmağansızyou all haven't spread | alajuqmağandılathey haven't spread |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuqğanmamı? juqğanmıma?have I spread? | senjuqğanmısa?have you spread? | oljuqğanmıdı?has he spread? | bizjuqğanbızmı? juqğanmıbız?have we spread? | sizjuqğanmısız?have you all spread? | alajuqğanmıdıla?have they spread? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuqmağanmamı? juqmağanmıma?haven't I spread? | senjuqmağanmısa?haven't you spread? | oljuqmağanmıdı?hasn't he spread? | bizjuqmağanbızmı? juqmağanmıbız?haven't we spread? | sizjuqmağanmısız?haven't you all spread? | alajuqmağanmıdıla?haven't they spread? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjuğub turdumI kept spreading | senjuğub turduŋyou kept spreading | oljuğub turduhe kept spreading | bizjuğub turduqwe kept spreading | sizjuğub turduğuzyou all kept spreading | alajuğub turdulathey kept spreading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjuğub turmadımI didn't keep spreading | senjuğub turmadıŋyou didn't keep spreading | oljuğub turmadıhe didn't keep spreading | bizjuğub turmadıqwe didn't keep spreading | sizjuğub turmadığızyou all didn't keep spreading | alajuğub turmadılathey didn't keep spreading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuğarmaI will spread | senjuğarsayou will spread | oljuğarhe will spread | bizjuğarbızwe will spread | sizjuğarsızyou all will spread | alajuğarlathey will spread |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuqmazmaI won't spread | senjuqmazsayou won't spread | oljuqmazhe won't spread | bizjuqmazbızwe won't spread | sizjuqmazsızyou all won't spread | alajuqmazlathey won't spread |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuğarmamı? juğarmıma?will I spread? | senjuğarmısa?will you spread? | oljuğarmı?will he spread? | bizjuğarbızmı? juğarmıbız?will we spread? | sizjuğarmısız?will you all spread? | alajuğarlamı? juğarmıla?will they spread? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuqmazmamı? juqmazmıma?won't I spread? | senjuqmazmısa?won't you spread? | oljuqmazmı?won't he spread? | bizjuqmazbızmı? juqmazmıbız?won't we spread? | sizjuqmazmısız?won't you all spread? | alajuqmazlamı? juqmazmıla?won't they spread? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuğarıqmaI am going to spread | senjuğarıqsayou are going to spread | oljuğarıqdıhe is going to spread | bizjuğarıqbızwe are going to spread | sizjuğarıqsızyou all are going to spread | alajuğarıqdılathey are going to spread |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuğarıq tülmeI am not going to spread | senjuğarıq tülseyou are not going to spread | oljuğarıq tüldühe is not going to spread | bizjuğarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spread | sizjuğarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spread | alajuğarıq tüldülethey are not going to spread |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuğarıqmamı? juğarıqmıma?am I going to spread? | senjuğarıqmısa?are you going to spread? | oljuğarıqmıdı?is he going to spread? | bizjuğarıqbızmı? juğarıqmıbız?are we going to spread? | sizjuğarıqmısız?are you all going to spread? | alajuğarıqmıdıla?are they going to spread? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuğarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spread? | senjuğarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spread? | oljuğarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spread? | bizjuğarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spread? | sizjuğarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spread? | alajuğarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spread? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjuqğan edimjuqğanemI had spread | senjuqğan ediŋjuqğaneŋyou had spread | oljuqğan edijuqğanedhe had spread | bizjuqğan edikjuqğanekwe had spread | sizjuqğan edigizjuqğanegizyou all had spread | alajuqğan edilejuqğanellethey had spread |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjuqmağan edimjuqmağanemI hadn't spread | senjuqmağan ediŋjuqmağaneŋyou hadn't spread | oljuqmağan edijuqmağanedhe hadn't spread | bizjuqmağan edikjuqmağanekwe hadn't spread | sizjuqmağan edigizjuqmağanegizyou all hadn't spread | alajuqmağan edilejuqmağanellethey hadn't spread |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuğa edimjuğaemI was spreading | senjuğa ediŋjuğaeŋyou were spreading | oljuğa edijuğaedhe was spreading | bizjuğa edikjuğaekwe were spreading | sizjuğa edigizjuğaegizyou all were spreading | alajuğa edilejuğaellethey were spreading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuqmay edimjuqmayemI wasn't spreading | senjuqmay ediŋjuqmayeŋyou weren't spreading | oljuqmay edijuqmayedhe wasn't spreading | bizjuqmay edikjuqmayekwe weren't spreading | sizjuqmay edigizjuqmayegizyou all weren't spreading | alajuqmay edilejuqmayellethey weren't spreading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjuğuwçan edimjuğuwçanemI used to spread | senjuğuwçan ediŋjuğuwçaneŋyou used to spread | oljuğuwçan edijuğuwçanedhe used to spread | bizjuğuwçan edikjuğuwçanekwe used to spread | sizjuğuwçan edigizjuğuwçanegizyou all used to spread | alajuğuwçan edilejuğuwçanellethey used to spread |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjuqmawçan edimjuqmawçanemI didn't use to spread | senjuqmawçan ediŋjuqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to spread | oljuqmawçan edijuqmawçanedhe didn't use to spread | bizjuqmawçan edikjuqmawçanekwe didn't use to spread | sizjuqmawçan edigizjuqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to spread | alajuqmawçan edilejuqmawçanellethey didn't use to spread |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljuğub edihe had spread and remained so | alajuğub edilethey had spread and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljuğub tül edihe hadn't spread | alajuğub tül edilethey hadn't spread | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjuğub tura edimjuğub turaemI had kept spreading | senjuğub tura ediŋjuğub turaeŋyou had kept spreading | oljuğub tura edijuğub turaedhe had kept spreading | bizjuğub tura edikjuğub turaekwe had kept spreading | sizjuğub tura edigizjuğub turaegizyou all had kept spreading | alajuğub tura edilejuğub turaellethey had kept spreading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjuğub turmay edimjuğub turmayemI hadn't kept spreading | senjuğub turmay ediŋjuğub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spreading | oljuğub turmay edijuğub turmayedhe hadn't kept spreading | bizjuğub turmay edikjuğub turmayekwe hadn't kept spreading | sizjuğub turmay edigizjuğub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spreading | alajuğub turmay edilejuğub turmayellethey hadn't kept spreading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuğa tura edimjuğa turaemI was in the middle of spreading | senjuğa tura ediŋjuğa turaeŋyou were in the middle of spreading | oljuğa tura edijuğa turaedhe was in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa tura edikjuğa turaekwe were in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa tura edigizjuğa turaegizyou all were in the middle of spreading | alajuğa tura edilejuğa turaellethey were in the middle of spreading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuğa turmay edimjuğa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spreading | senjuğa turmay ediŋjuğa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spreading | oljuğa turmay edijuğa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa turmay edikjuğa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa turmay edigizjuğa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spreading | alajuğa turmay edilejuğa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spreading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjuğar edimjuğar emI would spread | senjuğar ediŋjuğar eŋyou would spread | oljuğar edijuğar edhe would spread | bizjuğar edikjuğar ekwe would spread | sizjuğar edigizjuğar egizyou all would spread | alajuğar edilejuğar ellethey would spread |
| Conditional result (would) | menjuqmaz edimjuqmaz emI wouldn't spread | senjuqmaz ediŋjuqmaz eŋyou wouldn't spread | oljuqmaz edijuqmaz edhe wouldn't spread | bizjuqmaz edikjuqmaz ekwe wouldn't spread | sizjuqmaz edigizjuqmaz egizyou all wouldn't spread | alajuqmaz edilejuqmaz ellethey wouldn't spread |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjuğarıq edimjuğarıq emI would have spread | senjuğarıq ediŋjuğarıq eŋyou would have spread | oljuğarıq edijuğarıq edhe would have spread | bizjuğarıq edikjuğarıq ekwe would have spread | sizjuğarıq edigizjuğarıq egizyou all would have spread | alajuğarıq edilejuğarıq ellethey would have spread |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjuğarıq tül edimjuğarıq tül emI wouldn't have spread | senjuğarıq tül ediŋjuğarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spread | oljuğarıq tül edijuğarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spread | bizjuğarıq tül edikjuğarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spread | sizjuğarıq tül edigizjuğarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spread | alajuğarıq tül edilejuğarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spread |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjuqsamif I spread | senjuqsaŋif you spread | oljuqsaif he spreads | bizjuqsaqif we spread | sizjuqsağızif you all spread | alajuqsalaif they spread |
| Conditional | menjuqmasamif I don't spread | senjuqmasaŋif you don't spread | oljuqmasaif he doesn't spread | bizjuqmasaqif we don't spread | sizjuqmasağızif you all don't spread | alajuqmasalaif they don't spread |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjuğa esemif I am spreading | senjuğa eseŋif you are spreading | oljuğa eseif he is spreading | bizjuğa esekif we are spreading | sizjuğa esegizif you all are spreading | alajuğa eseleif they are spreading |
| Conditional, present real | menjuqmay esemif I am not spreading | senjuqmay eseŋif you are not spreading | oljuqmay eseif he is not spreading | bizjuqmay esekif we are not spreading | sizjuqmay esegizif you all are not spreading | alajuqmay eseleif they are not spreading |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjuqsam edijuqsam edif only I spread | senjuqsaŋ edijuqsaŋ edif only you spread | oljuqsa edijuqsaedif only he spread | bizjuqsaq edijuqsaq edif only we spread | sizjuqsağız edijuqsağız edif only you all spread | alajuqsala edijuqsalaedif only they spread |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjuqmasam edijuqmasam edif only I didn't spread | senjuqmasaŋ edijuqmasaŋ edif only you didn't spread | oljuqmasa edijuqmasaedif only he didn't spread | bizjuqmasaq edijuqmasaq edif only we didn't spread | sizjuqmasağız edijuqmasağız edif only you all didn't spread | alajuqmasala edijuqmasalaedif only they didn't spread |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjuğub tursamif I carry on spreading | senjuğub tursaŋif you carry on spreading | oljuğub tursaif he carries on spreading | bizjuğub tursaqif we carry on spreading | sizjuğub tursağızif you all carry on spreading | alajuğub tursalaif they carry on spreading |
| Durative conditional | menjuğub turmasamif I don't carry on spreading | senjuğub turmasaŋif you don't carry on spreading | oljuğub turmasaif he doesn't carry on spreading | bizjuğub turmasaqif we don't carry on spreading | sizjuğub turmasağızif you all don't carry on spreading | alajuğub turmasalaif they don't carry on spreading |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjuğub tura esemif I have kept spreading | senjuğub tura eseŋif you have kept spreading | oljuğub tura eseif he has kept spreading | bizjuğub tura esekif we have kept spreading | sizjuğub tura esegizif you all have kept spreading | alajuğub tura eseleif they have kept spreading |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjuğub turmay esemif I haven't kept spreading | senjuğub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spreading | oljuğub turmay eseif he hasn't kept spreading | bizjuğub turmay esekif we haven't kept spreading | sizjuğub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spreading | alajuğub turmay eseleif they haven't kept spreading |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjuğa tursamif I keep spreading | senjuğa tursaŋif you keep spreading | oljuğa tursaif he keeps spreading | bizjuğa tursaqif we keep spreading | sizjuğa tursağızif you all keep spreading | alajuğa tursalaif they keep spreading |
| Progressive conditional | menjuqmay tursamif I keep on not spreading | senjuqmay tursaŋif you keep on not spreading | oljuqmay tursaif he keeps on not spreading | bizjuqmay tursaqif we keep on not spreading | sizjuqmay tursağızif you all keep on not spreading | alajuqmay tursalaif they keep on not spreading |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuğa tura esemif I am in the middle of spreading | senjuğa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spreading | oljuğa tura eseif he is in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa tura esekif we are in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spreading | alajuğa tura eseleif they are in the middle of spreading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuqmay tura esemif I keep on not spreading | senjuqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not spreading | oljuqmay tura eseif he keeps on not spreading | bizjuqmay tura esekif we keep on not spreading | sizjuqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not spreading | alajuqmay tura eseleif they keep on not spreading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjuqdum esemif I spread | senjuqduŋ eseŋif you spread | oljuqdu eseif he spread | bizjuqduq esekif we spread | sizjuqduğuz esegizif you all spread | alajuqdula eseleif they spread |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjuqmadım esemif I didn't spread | senjuqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spread | oljuqmadı eseif he didn't spread | bizjuqmadıq esekif we didn't spread | sizjuqmadığız esegizif you all didn't spread | alajuqmadıla eseleif they didn't spread |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjuqğan esemif I did spread (indeed) | senjuqğan eseŋif you did spread (indeed) | oljuqğan eseif he did spread (indeed) | bizjuqğan esekif we did spread (indeed) | sizjuqğan esegizif you all did spread (indeed) | alajuqğan eseleif they did spread (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjuqmağan esemif I didn't spread (indeed) | senjuqmağan eseŋif you didn't spread (indeed) | oljuqmağan eseif he didn't spread (indeed) | bizjuqmağan esekif we didn't spread (indeed) | sizjuqmağan esegizif you all didn't spread (indeed) | alajuqmağan eseleif they didn't spread (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjuqğan bolsamif I had spread | senjuqğan bolsaŋif you had spread | oljuqğan bolsaif he had spread | bizjuqğan bolsaqif we had spread | sizjuqğan bolsağızif you all had spread | alajuqğan bolsalaif they had spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjuqmağan bolsamif I hadn't spread | senjuqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spread | oljuqmağan bolsaif he hadn't spread | bizjuqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't spread | sizjuqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spread | alajuqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjuqğan bolsam edijuqğan bolsam edif only I had spread | senjuqğan bolsaŋ edijuqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had spread | oljuqğan bolsa edijuqğan bolsaedif only he had spread | bizjuqğan bolsaq edijuqğan bolsaq edif only we had spread | sizjuqğan bolsağız edijuqğan bolsağız edif only you all had spread | alajuqğan bolsala edijuqğan bolsalaedif only they had spread |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjuqmağan bolsam edijuqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spread | senjuqmağan bolsaŋ edijuqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spread | oljuqmağan bolsa edijuqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spread | bizjuqmağan bolsaq edijuqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spread | sizjuqmağan bolsağız edijuqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spread | alajuqmağan bolsala edijuqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spread |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjuğar esemif I will spread | senjuğar eseŋif you will spread | oljuğar eseif he will spread | bizjuğar esekif we will spread | sizjuğar esegizif you all will spread | alajuğar eseleif they will spread |
| Conditional, aorist | menjuqmaz esemif I won't spread | senjuqmaz eseŋif you won't spread | oljuqmaz eseif he won't spread | bizjuqmaz esekif we won't spread | sizjuqmaz esegizif you all won't spread | alajuqmaz eseleif they won't spread |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjuğarıq esemif I am going to spread | senjuğarıq eseŋif you are going to spread | oljuğarıq eseif he is going to spread | bizjuğarıq esekif we are going to spread | sizjuğarıq esegizif you all are going to spread | alajuğarıq eseleif they are going to spread |
| Conditional, future | menjuğarıq tül esemif I am not going to spread | senjuğarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spread | oljuğarıq tül eseif he is not going to spread | bizjuğarıq tül esekif we are not going to spread | sizjuğarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spread | alajuğarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spread |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjuğarıq bolsamif I were going to spread | senjuğarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spread | oljuğarıq bolsaif he were going to spread | bizjuğarıq bolsaqif we were going to spread | sizjuğarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spread | alajuğarıq bolsalaif they were going to spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjuqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spread | senjuqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spread | oljuqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spread | bizjuqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spread | sizjuqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spread | alajuqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spread |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso juqduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuğa bolurmaI must be spreading | senjuğa bolursayou must be spreading | oljuğa bolurhe must be spreading | bizjuğa bolurbuzwe must be spreading | sizjuğa bolursuzyou all must be spreading | alajuğa bolurlathey must be spreading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuqmay bolurmaI must not be spreading | senjuqmay bolursayou must not be spreading | oljuqmay bolurhe must not be spreading | bizjuqmay bolurbuzwe must not be spreading | sizjuqmay bolursuzyou all must not be spreading | alajuqmay bolurlathey must not be spreading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuğa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spreading | senjuğa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spreading | oljuğa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spreading | alajuğa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spreading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not spreading | senjuqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not spreading | oljuqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not spreading | bizjuqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spreading | sizjuqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spreading | alajuqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not spreading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjuqğan bolurmaI must have spread | senjuqğan bolursayou must have spread | oljuqğan bolurhe must have spread | bizjuqğan bolurbuzwe must have spread | sizjuqğan bolursuzyou all must have spread | alajuqğan bolurlathey must have spread |
| Inference (must have) | menjuqmağan bolurmaI must not have spread | senjuqmağan bolursayou must not have spread | oljuqmağan bolurhe must not have spread | bizjuqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have spread | sizjuqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have spread | alajuqmağan bolurlathey must not have spread |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjuğarıq bolurmaI must be going to spread | senjuğarıq bolursayou must be going to spread | oljuğarıq bolurhe must be going to spread | bizjuğarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spread | sizjuğarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spread | alajuğarıq bolurlathey must be going to spread |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjuqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spread | senjuqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spread | oljuqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spread | bizjuqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spread | sizjuqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spread | alajuqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spread |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjuğayımlet me spread | senjuq!spread! | oljuqsunlet him spread | bizjuğayıqlet's spread | sizjuğuğuz!spread, you all! | alajuqsunlalet them spread |
| Commands & suggestions | menjuqmayımlet me not spread | senjuqma!don't spread! | oljuqmasınlet him not spread | bizjuqmayıqlet's not spread | sizjuqmağız!don't spread, you all! | alajuqmasınlalet them not spread |
| Commands & suggestions | menjuğayımmı?shall I spread? | oljuqsunmu?should he spread? | bizjuğayıqmı?shall we spread? | alajuqsunlamı?should they spread? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjuqmayımmı?shall I not spread? | oljuqmasınmı?should he not spread? | bizjuqmayıqmı?shall we not spread? | alajuqmasınlamı?should they not spread? | ||
| Requests | senjuqçu2juqçunplease spread | oljuqsunçudo let him spread | sizjuqçuğuzplease spread (plural/polite) | alajuqsunlaçıdo let them spread | ||
| Requests | senjuqmaçı2juqmaçınplease don't spread | oljuqmasınçıdo let him not spread | sizjuqmaçığızplease don't spread (plural/polite) | alajuqmasınlaçıdo let them not spread | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjuqğunjuqğumay you spread | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjuqmağınjuqmağımay you not spread | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjuqğay edim juqğa edimwould that I spread | senjuqğay ediŋ juqğa ediŋwould that you spread | oljuqğay edi juqğa ediwould that he spread | bizjuqğay edik juqğa edikwould that we spread | sizjuqğay edigiz juqğa edigizwould that you all spread | alajuqğay edile juqğa edilewould that they spread |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjuqmağay edim juqmağa edimwould that I did not spread | senjuqmağay ediŋ juqmağa ediŋwould that you did not spread | oljuqmağay edi juqmağa ediwould that he did not spread | bizjuqmağay edik juqmağa edikwould that we did not spread | sizjuqmağay edigiz juqmağa edigizwould that you all did not spread | alajuqmağay edile juqmağa edilewould that they did not spread |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuqmağa qoyayımjuqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoy!juqma qoy!let someone spread! | oljuqmağa qoysunjuqma qoysunlet him allow someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoyayıqjuqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoyuğuz!juqma qoyuğuz!let someone spread, you all! | alajuqmağa qoysunlajuqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuqmağa qoymayımjuqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoyma!juqma qoyma!don't let someone spread! | oljuqmağa qoymasınjuqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoymayıqjuqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoymağız!juqma qoymağız!don't let someone spread, you all! | alajuqmağa qoymasınlajuqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuqmağa qoyayımmı?juqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoysunmu?juqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoyayıqmı?juqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoysunlamı?juqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spread? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuqmağa qoymayımmı?juqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoymasınmı?juqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoymayıqmı?juqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoymasınlamı?juqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spread? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjuqmağa qoyamajuqma qoyamaI allow someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoyasajuqma qoyasayou allow someone to spread | oljuqmağa qoyadıjuqma qoyadıhe allows someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoyabızjuqma qoyabızwe allow someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoyasızjuqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to spread | alajuqmağa qoyadılajuqma qoyadılathey allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuqmağa qoymaymajuqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoymaysajuqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spread | oljuqmağa qoymaydıjuqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoymaybızjuqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoymaysızjuqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spread | alajuqmağa qoymaydılajuqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuqmağa qoyamamı?juqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spread? | senjuqmağa qoyamısa?juqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoyamıdı?juqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoyabızmı?juqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spread? | sizjuqmağa qoyamısız?juqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoyamıdıla?juqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuqmağa qoymaymamı?juqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spread? | senjuqmağa qoymaymısa?juqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoymaymıdı?juqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoymaybızmı?juqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spread? | sizjuqmağa qoymaymısız?juqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoymaymıdıla?juqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuqmağa qoydumjuqma qoydumI allowed someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoyduŋjuqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spread | oljuqmağa qoydujuqma qoyduhe allowed someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoyduqjuqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoyduğuzjuqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spread | alajuqmağa qoydulajuqma qoydulathey allowed someone to spread |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuqmağa qoymadımjuqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spread | senjuqmağa qoymadıŋjuqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spread | oljuqmağa qoymadıjuqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spread | bizjuqmağa qoymadıqjuqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spread | sizjuqmağa qoymadığızjuqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spread | alajuqmağa qoymadılajuqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spread |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuqmağa qoydummu?juqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to spread? | senjuqmağa qoyduŋmu?juqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoydumu?juqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoyduqmu?juqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spread? | sizjuqmağa qoyduğuzmu?juqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoydulamı?juqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spread? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuqmağa qoymadımmı?juqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spread? | senjuqmağa qoymadıŋmı?juqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spread? | oljuqmağa qoymadımı?juqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spread? | bizjuqmağa qoymadıqmı?juqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spread? | sizjuqmağa qoymadığızmı?juqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spread? | alajuqmağa qoymadılamı?juqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spread? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjuğalamaI can spread | senjuğalasayou can spread | oljuğaladıhe can spread | bizjuğalabızwe can spread | sizjuğalasızyou all can spread | alajuğaladılathey can spread |
| Ability — present | menjuğalmaymaI can't spread | senjuğalmaysayou can't spread | oljuğalmaydıhe can't spread | bizjuğalmaybızwe can't spread | sizjuğalmaysızyou all can't spread | alajuğalmaydılathey can't spread |
| Ability — present | menjuğalamamı? juğalamıma?can I spread? | senjuğalamısa?can you spread? | oljuğalamıdı?can he spread? | bizjuğalabızmı? juğalamıbız?can we spread? | sizjuğalamısız?can you all spread? | alajuğalamıdıla?can they spread? |
| Ability — present | menjuğalmaymamı? juğalmaymıma?can't I spread? | senjuğalmaymısa?can't you spread? | oljuğalmaymıdı?can't he spread? | bizjuğalmaybızmı? juğalmaymıbız?can't we spread? | sizjuğalmaymısız?can't you all spread? | alajuğalmaymıdıla?can't they spread? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjuğalsamif I can spread | senjuğalsaŋif you can spread | oljuğalsaif he can spread | bizjuğalsaqif we can spread | sizjuğalsağızif you all can spread | alajuğalsalaif they can spread |
| Ability — if I can… | menjuğalmasamif I can't spread | senjuğalmasaŋif you can't spread | oljuğalmasaif he can't spread | bizjuğalmasaqif we can't spread | sizjuğalmasağızif you all can't spread | alajuğalmasalaif they can't spread |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjuğaldımI was able to spread | senjuğaldıŋyou were able to spread | oljuğaldıhe was able to spread | bizjuğaldıqwe were able to spread | sizjuğaldığızyou all were able to spread | alajuğaldılathey were able to spread |
| Ability — simple past | menjuğalmadımI could not spread | senjuğalmadıŋyou could not spread | oljuğalmadıhe could not spread | bizjuğalmadıqwe could not spread | sizjuğalmadığızyou all could not spread | alajuğalmadılathey could not spread |
| Ability — simple past | menjuğaldımmı?was I able to spread? | senjuğaldıŋmı?were you able to spread? | oljuğaldımı?was he able to spread? | bizjuğaldıqmı?were we able to spread? | sizjuğaldığızmı?were you all able to spread? | alajuğaldılamı?were they able to spread? |
| Ability — simple past | menjuğalmadımmı?couldn't I spread? | senjuğalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spread? | oljuğalmadımı?couldn't he spread? | bizjuğalmadıqmı?couldn't we spread? | sizjuğalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spread? | alajuğalmadılamı?couldn't they spread? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuğalğanmaI have been able to spread | senjuğalğansayou have been able to spread | oljuğalğandıhe has been able to spread | bizjuğalğanbızwe have been able to spread | sizjuğalğansızyou all have been able to spread | alajuğalğandılathey have been able to spread |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuğalmağanmaI haven't been able to spread | senjuğalmağansayou haven't been able to spread | oljuğalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spread | bizjuğalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spread | sizjuğalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spread | alajuğalmağandılathey haven't been able to spread |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuğalğanmamı? juğalğanmıma?have I been able to spread? | senjuğalğanmısa?have you been able to spread? | oljuğalğanmıdı?has he been able to spread? | bizjuğalğanbızmı? juğalğanmıbız?have we been able to spread? | sizjuğalğanmısız?have you all been able to spread? | alajuğalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spread? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuğalmağanmamı? juğalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spread? | senjuğalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spread? | oljuğalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spread? | bizjuğalmağanbızmı? juğalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spread? | sizjuğalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spread? | alajuğalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spread? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjuğalğan edimjuğalğanemI had been able to spread | senjuğalğan ediŋjuğalğaneŋyou had been able to spread | oljuğalğan edijuğalğanedhe had been able to spread | bizjuğalğan edikjuğalğanekwe had been able to spread | sizjuğalğan edigizjuğalğanegizyou all had been able to spread | alajuğalğan edilejuğalğanellethey had been able to spread |
| Ability — past perfect | menjuğalmağan edimjuğalmağanemI hadn't been able to spread | senjuğalmağan ediŋjuğalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spread | oljuğalmağan edijuğalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spread | bizjuğalmağan edikjuğalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spread | sizjuğalmağan edigizjuğalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spread | alajuğalmağan edilejuğalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spread |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjuğala edimjuğalaemI could spread | senjuğala ediŋjuğalaeŋyou could spread | oljuğala edijuğalaedhe could spread | bizjuğala edikjuğalaekwe could spread | sizjuğala edigizjuğalaegizyou all could spread | alajuğala edilejuğalaellethey could spread |
| Ability — past background | menjuğalmay edimjuğalmayemI could not spread | senjuğalmay ediŋjuğalmayeŋyou could not spread | oljuğalmay edijuğalmayedhe could not spread | bizjuğalmay edikjuğalmayekwe could not spread | sizjuğalmay edigizjuğalmayegizyou all could not spread | alajuğalmay edilejuğalmayellethey could not spread |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjuğalırmaI will be able to spread | senjuğalırsayou will be able to spread | oljuğalırhe will be able to spread | bizjuğalırbızwe will be able to spread | sizjuğalırsızyou all will be able to spread | alajuğalırlathey will be able to spread |
| Ability — future I | menjuğalmazmaI won't be able to spread | senjuğalmazsayou won't be able to spread | oljuğalmazhe won't be able to spread | bizjuğalmazbızwe won't be able to spread | sizjuğalmazsızyou all won't be able to spread | alajuğalmazlathey won't be able to spread |
| Ability — future I | menjuğalırmamı? juğalırmıma?will I be able to spread? | senjuğalırmısa?will you be able to spread? | oljuğalırmı?will he be able to spread? | bizjuğalırbızmı? juğalırmıbız?will we be able to spread? | sizjuğalırmısız?will you all be able to spread? | alajuğalırlamı? juğalırmıla?will they be able to spread? |
| Ability — future I | menjuğalmazmamı? juğalmazmıma?won't I be able to spread? | senjuğalmazmısa?won't you be able to spread? | oljuğalmazmı?won't he be able to spread? | bizjuğalmazbızmı? juğalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spread? | sizjuğalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spread? | alajuğalmazlamı? juğalmazmıla?won't they be able to spread? |
| Ability — future II | menjuğallıqmaI am going to be able to spread | senjuğallıqsayou are going to be able to spread | oljuğallıqdıhe is going to be able to spread | bizjuğallıqbızwe are going to be able to spread | sizjuğallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spread | alajuğallıqdılathey are going to be able to spread |
| Ability — future II | menjuğallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spread | senjuğallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spread | oljuğallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spread | bizjuğallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spread | sizjuğallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spread | alajuğallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spread |
| Ability — future II | menjuğallıqmamı? juğallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spread? | senjuğallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spread? | oljuğallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spread? | bizjuğallıqbızmı? juğallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spread? | sizjuğallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spread? | alajuğallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spread? |
| Ability — future II | menjuğallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spread? | senjuğallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spread? | oljuğallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spread? | bizjuğallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spread? | sizjuğallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spread? | alajuğallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spread? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjuğalır edimjuğalır emI would be able to spread | senjuğalır ediŋjuğalır eŋyou would be able to spread | oljuğalır edijuğalır edhe would be able to spread | bizjuğalır edikjuğalır ekwe would be able to spread | sizjuğalır edigizjuğalır egizyou all would be able to spread | alajuğalır edilejuğalır ellethey would be able to spread |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjuğalmaz edimjuğalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spread | senjuğalmaz ediŋjuğalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spread | oljuğalmaz edijuğalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spread | bizjuğalmaz edikjuğalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spread | sizjuğalmaz edigizjuğalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spread | alajuğalmaz edilejuğalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spread |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjuğalğınjuğalğımay you be able to spread | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjuğalmağınjuğalmağımay you not be able to spread | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjuğarğa izleymeI want to spread | senjuğarğa izleyseyou want to spread | oljuğarğa izleydihe wants to spread | bizjuğarğa izleybizwe want to spread | sizjuğarğa izleysizyou all want to spread | alajuğarğa izleydilethey want to spread |
| want to | menjuğarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spread | senjuğarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spread | oljuğarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spread | bizjuğarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spread | sizjuğarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spread | alajuğarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spread |
| would like to | menjuğarğa süemeI would like to spread | senjuğarğa süeseyou would like to spread | oljuğarğa süedihe would like to spread | bizjuğarğa süebizwe would like to spread | sizjuğarğa süesizyou all would like to spread | alajuğarğa süedilethey would like to spread |
| would like to | menjuğarğa süymeymeI would not like to spread | senjuğarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spread | oljuğarğa süymeydihe would not like to spread | bizjuğarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spread | sizjuğarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spread | alajuğarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spread |
| hope to | menjuğarğa umutlanamaI hope to spread | senjuğarğa umutlanasayou hope to spread | oljuğarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spread | bizjuğarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spread | sizjuğarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spread | alajuğarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spread |
| hope to | menjuğarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spread | senjuğarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spread | oljuğarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spread | bizjuğarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spread | sizjuğarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spread | alajuğarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spread |
| be about to | menjuğarğa deb turamaI am about to spread | senjuğarğa deb turasayou are about to spread | oljuğarğa deb turadıhe is about to spread | bizjuğarğa deb turabızwe are about to spread | sizjuğarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spread | alajuğarğa deb turadılathey are about to spread |
| be about to | menjuğarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spread | senjuğarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spread | oljuğarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spread | bizjuğarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spread | sizjuğarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spread | alajuğarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spread |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjuğarğa kerekmeI need to spread | senjuğarğa kerekseyou need to spread | oljuğarğa kerekdihe needs to spread | bizjuğarğa kerekbizwe need to spread | sizjuğarğa kereksizyou all need to spread | alajuğarğa kerekdilethey need to spread |
| need to | menjuğarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spread | senjuğarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spread | oljuğarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spread | bizjuğarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spread | sizjuğarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spread | alajuğarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spread |
| have to | menmenŋe juğarğa tüşediI have to spread | sensenŋe juğarğa tüşediyou have to spread | olaŋa juğarğa tüşedihe has to spread | bizbizge juğarğa tüşediwe have to spread | sizsizge juğarğa tüşediyou all have to spread | alaalağa juğarğa tüşedithey have to spread |
| have to | menmenŋe juğarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spread | sensenŋe juğarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spread | olaŋa juğarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spread | bizbizge juğarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spread | sizsizge juğarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spread | alaalağa juğarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spread |
| be obliged to | menjuğarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spread | senjuğarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spread | oljuğarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spread | bizjuğarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spread | sizjuğarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spread | alajuğarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spread |
| be obliged to | menjuğarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spread | senjuğarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spread | oljuğarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spread | bizjuğarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spread | sizjuğarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spread | alajuğarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spread |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjuğarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spread | senjuğarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spread | oljuğarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spread | bizjuğarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spread | sizjuğarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spread | alajuğarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spread |
| have a way to | menjuğarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spread | senjuğarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spread | oljuğarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spread | bizjuğarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spread | sizjuğarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spread | alajuğarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spread |
| be free to | menjuğarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spread | senjuğarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spread | oljuğarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spread | bizjuğarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spread | sizjuğarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spread | alajuğarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spread |
| be free to | menjuğarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spread | senjuğarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spread | oljuğarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spread | bizjuğarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spread | sizjuğarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spread | alajuğarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spread |
| be possible to | menmenŋe juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spread | sensenŋe juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spread | olaŋa juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spread | bizbizge juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spread | sizsizge juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spread | alaalağa juğarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spread |
| be possible to | menmenŋe juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spread | sensenŋe juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spread | olaŋa juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spread | bizbizge juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spread | sizsizge juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spread | alaalağa juğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spread |
| be ready to | menjuğarğa hazırmaI am ready to spread | senjuğarğa hazırsayou are ready to spread | oljuğarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spread | bizjuğarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spread | sizjuğarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spread | alajuğarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spread |
| be ready to | menjuğarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spread | senjuğarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spread | oljuğarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spread | bizjuğarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spread | sizjuğarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spread | alajuğarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spread |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjuğarğa küreşemeI am trying to spread | senjuğarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spread | oljuğarğa küreşedihe is trying to spread | bizjuğarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spread | sizjuğarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spread | alajuğarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spread |
| try to | menjuğarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spread | senjuğarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spread | oljuğarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spread | bizjuğarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spread | sizjuğarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spread | alajuğarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spread |
| agree to | menjuğarğa unaymaI agree to spread | senjuğarğa unaysayou agree to spread | oljuğarğa unaydıhe agrees to spread | bizjuğarğa unaybızwe agree to spread | sizjuğarğa unaysızyou all agree to spread | alajuğarğa unaydılathey agree to spread |
| agree to | menjuğarğa unamaymaI refuse to spread | senjuğarğa unamaysayou refuse to spread | oljuğarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spread | bizjuğarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spread | sizjuğarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spread | alajuğarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spread |
| hurry to | menjuğarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spread | senjuğarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spread | oljuğarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spread | bizjuğarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spread | sizjuğarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spread | alajuğarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spread |
| hurry to | menjuğarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spread | senjuğarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spread | oljuğarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spread | bizjuğarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spread | sizjuğarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spread | alajuğarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spread |
| be afraid to | menjuğarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spread | senjuğarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spread | oljuğarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spread | bizjuğarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spread | sizjuğarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spread | alajuğarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spread |
| be afraid to | menjuğarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spread | senjuğarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spread | oljuğarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spread | bizjuğarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spread | sizjuğarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spread | alajuğarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spread |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjuğa bolmazmaI can't be spreading | senjuğa bolmazsayou can't be spreading | oljuğa bolmazhe can't be spreading | bizjuğa bolmazbızwe can't be spreading | sizjuğa bolmazsızyou all can't be spreading | alajuğa bolmazlathey can't be spreading |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjuqmay bolmazmaI must be spreading (emphatic) | senjuqmay bolmazsayou must be spreading (emphatic) | oljuqmay bolmazhe must be spreading (emphatic) | bizjuqmay bolmazbızwe must be spreading (emphatic) | sizjuqmay bolmazsızyou all must be spreading (emphatic) | alajuqmay bolmazlathey must be spreading (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjuğa turmasamif I don't keep spreading | senjuğa turmasaŋif you don't keep spreading | oljuğa turmasaif he doesn't keep spreading | bizjuğa turmasaqif we don't keep spreading | sizjuğa turmasağızif you all don't keep spreading | alajuğa turmasalaif they don't keep spreading |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjuğa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spreading | senjuğa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spreading | oljuğa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spreading | bizjuğa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spreading | sizjuğa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spreading | alajuğa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spreading |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjuqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | senjuqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | oljuqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | bizjuqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | sizjuqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spreading (emphatic) | alajuqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spreading (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjuqmay turamaI keep on not spreading | senjuqmay turasayou keep on not spreading | oljuqmay turadıhe keeps on not spreading | bizjuqmay turabızwe keep on not spreading | sizjuqmay turasızyou all keep on not spreading | alajuqmay turadılathey keep on not spreading |
| Progressive — double negation | menjuqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not spreading | senjuqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not spreading | oljuqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spreading | bizjuqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spreading | sizjuqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spreading | alajuqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spreading |
| Progressive — double negation | menjuqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spreading? | senjuqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spreading? | oljuqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spreading? | bizjuqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spreading? | sizjuqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spreading? | alajuqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spreading? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjuqğan bolmazmaI can't have spread | senjuqğan bolmazsayou can't have spread | oljuqğan bolmazhe can't have spread | bizjuqğan bolmazbızwe can't have spread | sizjuqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have spread | alajuqğan bolmazlathey can't have spread |
| Inference — double negation | menjuqmağan bolmazmaI must have spread (emphatic) | senjuqmağan bolmazsayou must have spread (emphatic) | oljuqmağan bolmazhe must have spread (emphatic) | bizjuqmağan bolmazbızwe must have spread (emphatic) | sizjuqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have spread (emphatic) | alajuqmağan bolmazlathey must have spread (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjuqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spread | senjuqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spread | oljuqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spread | bizjuqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spread | sizjuqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spread | alajuqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spread |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjuqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spread | senjuqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spread | oljuqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spread | bizjuqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spread | sizjuqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spread | alajuqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spread |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjuğarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spread | senjuğarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spread | oljuğarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spread | bizjuğarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spread | sizjuğarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spread | alajuğarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spread |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjuqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spread (emphatic) | senjuqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spread (emphatic) | oljuqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spread (emphatic) | bizjuqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spread (emphatic) | sizjuqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spread (emphatic) | alajuqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spread (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjuğarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spread | senjuğarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spread | oljuğarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spread | bizjuğarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spread | sizjuğarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spread | alajuğarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spread |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjuqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spread | senjuqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spread | oljuqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spread | bizjuqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spread | sizjuqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spread | alajuqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spread |