jortuwul
/dʒortuwul/ · plural jortuwulla
1. raid, foray to carry off livestock or people
- jortuwulğa çığarğa — to set out on a raid
- Nartla jortuwulğa çıqdıla — the Narts set out on a raid
- jigitle jortuwulğa ketgendile — the young men have gone off on a raid
- jortuwul eterge — to make a raid
2. campaign, military expedition
- asker jortuwulğa atlandı — the army set out on the campaign
- asker jortuwuldan qaytdı — the army came back from the campaign
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jortuwulthe raid | jortuwulummy raid | jortuwuluŋyour raid | jortuwuluhis raid | jortuwulubuzour raid | jortuwuluğuzyou all's raid | jortuwullarıtheir raids |
| Genitive | jortuwulnuthe raid's | jortuwulumumy raid's | jortuwuluŋuyour raid's | jortuwulunuhis raid's | jortuwulubuznuour raid's | jortuwuluğuznuyou all's raid's | jortuwullarınıtheir raids' |
| Accusative | jortuwulnuthe raid (as the object) | jortuwulumumy raid (as the object) | jortuwuluŋuyour raid (as the object) | jortuwulunhis raid (as the object) | jortuwulubuznuour raid (as the object) | jortuwuluğuznuyou all's raid (as the object) | jortuwullarıntheir raids (as the object) |
| Dative | jortuwulğato the raid | jortuwulumato my raid | jortuwuluŋato your raid | jortuwulunato his raid | jortuwulubuzğato our raid | jortuwuluğuzğato you all's raid | jortuwullarınato their raids |
| Locative | jortuwuldain / at the raid | jortuwulumdain / at my raid | jortuwuluŋdain / at your raid | jortuwulundain / at his raid | jortuwulubuzdain / at our raid | jortuwuluğuzdain / at you all's raid | jortuwullarındain / at their raids |
| Ablative | jortuwuldanfrom the raid | jortuwulumdanfrom my raid | jortuwuluŋdanfrom your raid | jortuwulundanfrom his raid | jortuwulubuzdanfrom our raid | jortuwuluğuzdanfrom you all's raid | jortuwullarındanfrom their raids |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jortuwullathe raids | jortuwullarımmy raids | jortuwullarıŋyour raids | jortuwullarıhis raids | jortuwullarıbızour raids | jortuwullarığızyou all's raids | jortuwullarıtheir raids |
| Genitive | jortuwullanıthe raids' | jortuwullarımımy raids' | jortuwullarıŋıyour raids' | jortuwullarınıhis raids' | jortuwullarıbıznıour raids' | jortuwullarığıznıyou all's raids' | jortuwullarınıtheir raids' |
| Accusative | jortuwullanıthe raids (as the object) | jortuwullarımımy raids (as the object) | jortuwullarıŋıyour raids (as the object) | jortuwullarınhis raids (as the object) | jortuwullarıbıznıour raids (as the object) | jortuwullarığıznıyou all's raids (as the object) | jortuwullarıntheir raids (as the object) |
| Dative | jortuwullağato the raids | jortuwullarımato my raids | jortuwullarıŋato your raids | jortuwullarınato his raids | jortuwullarıbızğato our raids | jortuwullarığızğato you all's raids | jortuwullarınato their raids |
| Locative | jortuwulladain / at the raids | jortuwullarımdain / at my raids | jortuwullarıŋdain / at your raids | jortuwullarındain / at his raids | jortuwullarıbızdain / at our raids | jortuwullarığızdain / at you all's raids | jortuwullarındain / at their raids |
| Ablative | jortuwulladanfrom the raids | jortuwullarımdanfrom my raids | jortuwullarıŋdanfrom your raids | jortuwullarındanfrom his raids | jortuwullarıbızdanfrom our raids | jortuwullarığızdanfrom you all's raids | jortuwullarındanfrom their raids |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jortuwulları can mean "his / her raids", "their raid", or "their raids" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.