jol usta
/dʒol usta/ · plural jol ustala
guide, one who leads the way; tour guide one source
- jol usta alğa baradı — the guide walks in front
- jol usta bizni tawlağa eltdi — the guide took us to the mountains
- jol ustadan sor — ask the guide
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jol ustathe guide | jol ustammy guide | jol ustaŋyour guide | jol ustasıhis guide | jol ustabızour guide | jol ustağızyou all's guide | jol ustalarıtheir guides |
| Genitive | jol ustanıthe guide's | jol ustamımy guide's | jol ustaŋıyour guide's | jol ustasınıhis guide's | jol ustabıznıour guide's | jol ustağıznıyou all's guide's | jol ustalarınıtheir guides' |
| Accusative | jol ustanıthe guide (as the object) | jol ustamımy guide (as the object) | jol ustaŋıyour guide (as the object) | jol ustasınhis guide (as the object) | jol ustabıznıour guide (as the object) | jol ustağıznıyou all's guide (as the object) | jol ustalarıntheir guides (as the object) |
| Dative | jol ustağato the guide | jol ustamato my guide | jol ustaŋato your guide | jol ustasınato his guide | jol ustabızğato our guide | jol ustağızğato you all's guide | jol ustalarınato their guides |
| Locative | jol ustadain / at the guide | jol ustamdain / at my guide | jol ustaŋdain / at your guide | jol ustasındain / at his guide | jol ustabızdain / at our guide | jol ustağızdain / at you all's guide | jol ustalarındain / at their guides |
| Ablative | jol ustadanfrom the guide | jol ustamdanfrom my guide | jol ustaŋdanfrom your guide | jol ustasındanfrom his guide | jol ustabızdanfrom our guide | jol ustağızdanfrom you all's guide | jol ustalarındanfrom their guides |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jol ustalathe guides | jol ustalarımmy guides | jol ustalarıŋyour guides | jol ustalarıhis guides | jol ustalarıbızour guides | jol ustalarığızyou all's guides | jol ustalarıtheir guides |
| Genitive | jol ustalanıthe guides' | jol ustalarımımy guides' | jol ustalarıŋıyour guides' | jol ustalarınıhis guides' | jol ustalarıbıznıour guides' | jol ustalarığıznıyou all's guides' | jol ustalarınıtheir guides' |
| Accusative | jol ustalanıthe guides (as the object) | jol ustalarımımy guides (as the object) | jol ustalarıŋıyour guides (as the object) | jol ustalarınhis guides (as the object) | jol ustalarıbıznıour guides (as the object) | jol ustalarığıznıyou all's guides (as the object) | jol ustalarıntheir guides (as the object) |
| Dative | jol ustalağato the guides | jol ustalarımato my guides | jol ustalarıŋato your guides | jol ustalarınato his guides | jol ustalarıbızğato our guides | jol ustalarığızğato you all's guides | jol ustalarınato their guides |
| Locative | jol ustaladain / at the guides | jol ustalarımdain / at my guides | jol ustalarıŋdain / at your guides | jol ustalarındain / at his guides | jol ustalarıbızdain / at our guides | jol ustalarığızdain / at you all's guides | jol ustalarındain / at their guides |
| Ablative | jol ustaladanfrom the guides | jol ustalarımdanfrom my guides | jol ustalarıŋdanfrom your guides | jol ustalarındanfrom his guides | jol ustalarıbızdanfrom our guides | jol ustalarığızdanfrom you all's guides | jol ustalarındanfrom their guides |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jol ustaları can mean "his / her guides", "their guide", or "their guides" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.