jaylarğa
/dʒajlarʁa/
1. spend the summer, summer (usually at pasture with livestock)
- malçıla tawlada jaylaydıla — the herdsmen spend the summer in the mountains
- qoyçula qayda jaylarıqları tohtaşdırılğandı — where the shepherds will spend the summer has been decided
- biz qoşda jayladıq — we spent the summer at the herders' camp
- jıl sayın tawlada jaylaybız — every year we spend the summer in the mountains
2. dress lightly, dress for summer — The converb jaylab means 'lightly dressed'. Guzeev 1996–2005 marks this meaning colloquial.
- jaş eşikge jaylab çıqdı — the boy went outside lightly dressed
- bügün jaylağansa — you have dressed lightly today
- jaylama, suwuqdu — do not dress lightly, it is cold
- jaylab çıqdı — he went out lightly dressed
Conjugation
Common forms
- jaylaydıhe is summering
- jayladıhe summered
- jaylağandıhe has summered
- jaylarhe will summer
- jaylarıqdıhe is going to summer
- jaylay edihe was summering
- jaylasaif he summers
- jayla!summer!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaylaymaI am summering | senjaylaysayou are summering | oljaylaydıhe is summering | bizjaylaybızwe are summering | sizjaylaysızyou all are summering | alajaylaydılathey are summering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaylamaymaI am not summering | senjaylamaysayou are not summering | oljaylamaydıhe is not summering | bizjaylamaybızwe are not summering | sizjaylamaysızyou all are not summering | alajaylamaydılathey are not summering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaylaymamı? jaylaymıma?am I summering? | senjaylaymısa?are you summering? | oljaylaymıdı?is he summering? | bizjaylaybızmı? jaylaymıbız?are we summering? | sizjaylaymısız?are you all summering? | alajaylaymıdıla?are they summering? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaylamaymamı? jaylamaymıma?aren't I summering? | senjaylamaymısa?aren't you summering? | oljaylamaymıdı?isn't he summering? | bizjaylamaybızmı? jaylamaymıbız?aren't we summering? | sizjaylamaymısız?aren't you all summering? | alajaylamaymıdıla?aren't they summering? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaylawçanmaI usually summer | senjaylawçansayou usually summer | oljaylawçandıhe usually summers | bizjaylawçanbızwe usually summer | sizjaylawçansızyou all usually summer | alajaylawçandılathey usually summer |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaylamawçanmaI usually don't summer | senjaylamawçansayou usually don't summer | oljaylamawçandıhe usually doesn't summer | bizjaylamawçanbızwe usually don't summer | sizjaylamawçansızyou all usually don't summer | alajaylamawçandılathey usually don't summer |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaylawçanmamı? jaylawçanmıma?do I usually summer? | senjaylawçanmısa?do you usually summer? | oljaylawçanmıdı?does he usually summer? | bizjaylawçanbızmı? jaylawçanmıbız?do we usually summer? | sizjaylawçanmısız?do you all usually summer? | alajaylawçanmıdıla?do they usually summer? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaylamawçanmamı? jaylamawçanmıma?do I usually not summer? | senjaylamawçanmısa?do you usually not summer? | oljaylamawçanmıdı?does he usually not summer? | bizjaylamawçanbızmı? jaylamawçanmıbız?do we usually not summer? | sizjaylamawçanmısız?do you all usually not summer? | alajaylamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not summer? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaylabdıhe has summered and remains so | alajaylabdılathey have summered and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaylabmıdı?has he summered? | alajaylabmıdıla?have they summered? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaylab turamaI keep summering | senjaylab turasayou keep summering | oljaylab turadıhe keeps summering | bizjaylab turabızwe keep summering | sizjaylab turasızyou all keep summering | alajaylab turadılathey keep summering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaylab turmaymaI don't keep summering | senjaylab turmaysayou don't keep summering | oljaylab turmaydıhe doesn't keep summering | bizjaylab turmaybızwe don't keep summering | sizjaylab turmaysızyou all don't keep summering | alajaylab turmaydılathey don't keep summering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaylab turamamı? jaylab turamıma?do I keep summering? | senjaylab turamısa?do you keep summering? | oljaylab turamıdı?does he keep summering? | bizjaylab turabızmı? jaylab turamıbız?do we keep summering? | sizjaylab turamısız?do you all keep summering? | alajaylab turamıdıla?do they keep summering? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaylab turmaymamı? jaylab turmaymıma?don't I keep summering? | senjaylab turmaymısa?don't you keep summering? | oljaylab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep summering? | bizjaylab turmaybızmı? jaylab turmaymıbız?don't we keep summering? | sizjaylab turmaymısız?don't you all keep summering? | alajaylab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep summering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaylay turamaI am in the middle of summering | senjaylay turasayou are in the middle of summering | oljaylay turadıhe is in the middle of summering | bizjaylay turabızwe are in the middle of summering | sizjaylay turasızyou all are in the middle of summering | alajaylay turadılathey are in the middle of summering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaylay turmaymaI am not in the middle of summering | senjaylay turmaysayou are not in the middle of summering | oljaylay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of summering | bizjaylay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of summering | sizjaylay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of summering | alajaylay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of summering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaylay turamamı? jaylay turamıma?am I in the middle of summering? | senjaylay turamısa?are you in the middle of summering? | oljaylay turamıdı?is he in the middle of summering? | bizjaylay turabızmı? jaylay turamıbız?are we in the middle of summering? | sizjaylay turamısız?are you all in the middle of summering? | alajaylay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of summering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaylay turmaymamı? jaylay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of summering? | senjaylay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of summering? | oljaylay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of summering? | bizjaylay turmaybızmı? jaylay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of summering? | sizjaylay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of summering? | alajaylay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of summering? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayladımI summered | senjayladıŋyou summered | oljayladıhe summered | bizjayladıqwe summered | sizjayladığızyou all summered | alajayladılathey summered |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaylamadımI didn't summer | senjaylamadıŋyou didn't summer | oljaylamadıhe didn't summer | bizjaylamadıqwe didn't summer | sizjaylamadığızyou all didn't summer | alajaylamadılathey didn't summer |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayladımmı?did I summer? | senjayladıŋmı?did you summer? | oljayladımı?did he summer? | bizjayladıqmı?did we summer? | sizjayladığızmı?did you all summer? | alajayladılamı?did they summer? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaylamadımmı?didn't I summer? | senjaylamadıŋmı?didn't you summer? | oljaylamadımı?didn't he summer? | bizjaylamadıqmı?didn't we summer? | sizjaylamadığızmı?didn't you all summer? | alajaylamadılamı?didn't they summer? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaylağanmaI have summered | senjaylağansayou have summered | oljaylağandıhe has summered | bizjaylağanbızwe have summered | sizjaylağansızyou all have summered | alajaylağandılathey have summered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaylamağanmaI haven't summered | senjaylamağansayou haven't summered | oljaylamağandıhe hasn't summered | bizjaylamağanbızwe haven't summered | sizjaylamağansızyou all haven't summered | alajaylamağandılathey haven't summered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaylağanmamı? jaylağanmıma?have I summered? | senjaylağanmısa?have you summered? | oljaylağanmıdı?has he summered? | bizjaylağanbızmı? jaylağanmıbız?have we summered? | sizjaylağanmısız?have you all summered? | alajaylağanmıdıla?have they summered? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaylamağanmamı? jaylamağanmıma?haven't I summered? | senjaylamağanmısa?haven't you summered? | oljaylamağanmıdı?hasn't he summered? | bizjaylamağanbızmı? jaylamağanmıbız?haven't we summered? | sizjaylamağanmısız?haven't you all summered? | alajaylamağanmıdıla?haven't they summered? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaylab turdumI kept summering | senjaylab turduŋyou kept summering | oljaylab turduhe kept summering | bizjaylab turduqwe kept summering | sizjaylab turduğuzyou all kept summering | alajaylab turdulathey kept summering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaylab turmadımI didn't keep summering | senjaylab turmadıŋyou didn't keep summering | oljaylab turmadıhe didn't keep summering | bizjaylab turmadıqwe didn't keep summering | sizjaylab turmadığızyou all didn't keep summering | alajaylab turmadılathey didn't keep summering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaylarmaI will summer | senjaylarsayou will summer | oljaylarhe will summer | bizjaylarbızwe will summer | sizjaylarsızyou all will summer | alajaylarlathey will summer |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaylamazmaI won't summer | senjaylamazsayou won't summer | oljaylamazhe won't summer | bizjaylamazbızwe won't summer | sizjaylamazsızyou all won't summer | alajaylamazlathey won't summer |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaylarmamı? jaylarmıma?will I summer? | senjaylarmısa?will you summer? | oljaylarmı?will he summer? | bizjaylarbızmı? jaylarmıbız?will we summer? | sizjaylarmısız?will you all summer? | alajaylarlamı? jaylarmıla?will they summer? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaylamazmamı? jaylamazmıma?won't I summer? | senjaylamazmısa?won't you summer? | oljaylamazmı?won't he summer? | bizjaylamazbızmı? jaylamazmıbız?won't we summer? | sizjaylamazmısız?won't you all summer? | alajaylamazlamı? jaylamazmıla?won't they summer? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaylarıqmaI am going to summer | senjaylarıqsayou are going to summer | oljaylarıqdıhe is going to summer | bizjaylarıqbızwe are going to summer | sizjaylarıqsızyou all are going to summer | alajaylarıqdılathey are going to summer |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaylarıq tülmeI am not going to summer | senjaylarıq tülseyou are not going to summer | oljaylarıq tüldühe is not going to summer | bizjaylarıq tülbüzwe are not going to summer | sizjaylarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to summer | alajaylarıq tüldülethey are not going to summer |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaylarıqmamı? jaylarıqmıma?am I going to summer? | senjaylarıqmısa?are you going to summer? | oljaylarıqmıdı?is he going to summer? | bizjaylarıqbızmı? jaylarıqmıbız?are we going to summer? | sizjaylarıqmısız?are you all going to summer? | alajaylarıqmıdıla?are they going to summer? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaylarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to summer? | senjaylarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to summer? | oljaylarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to summer? | bizjaylarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to summer? | sizjaylarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to summer? | alajaylarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to summer? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaylağan edimjaylağanemI had summered | senjaylağan ediŋjaylağaneŋyou had summered | oljaylağan edijaylağanedhe had summered | bizjaylağan edikjaylağanekwe had summered | sizjaylağan edigizjaylağanegizyou all had summered | alajaylağan edilejaylağanellethey had summered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaylamağan edimjaylamağanemI hadn't summered | senjaylamağan ediŋjaylamağaneŋyou hadn't summered | oljaylamağan edijaylamağanedhe hadn't summered | bizjaylamağan edikjaylamağanekwe hadn't summered | sizjaylamağan edigizjaylamağanegizyou all hadn't summered | alajaylamağan edilejaylamağanellethey hadn't summered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaylay edimjaylayemI was summering | senjaylay ediŋjaylayeŋyou were summering | oljaylay edijaylayedhe was summering | bizjaylay edikjaylayekwe were summering | sizjaylay edigizjaylayegizyou all were summering | alajaylay edilejaylayellethey were summering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaylamay edimjaylamayemI wasn't summering | senjaylamay ediŋjaylamayeŋyou weren't summering | oljaylamay edijaylamayedhe wasn't summering | bizjaylamay edikjaylamayekwe weren't summering | sizjaylamay edigizjaylamayegizyou all weren't summering | alajaylamay edilejaylamayellethey weren't summering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaylawçan edimjaylawçanemI used to summer | senjaylawçan ediŋjaylawçaneŋyou used to summer | oljaylawçan edijaylawçanedhe used to summer | bizjaylawçan edikjaylawçanekwe used to summer | sizjaylawçan edigizjaylawçanegizyou all used to summer | alajaylawçan edilejaylawçanellethey used to summer |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaylamawçan edimjaylamawçanemI didn't use to summer | senjaylamawçan ediŋjaylamawçaneŋyou didn't use to summer | oljaylamawçan edijaylamawçanedhe didn't use to summer | bizjaylamawçan edikjaylamawçanekwe didn't use to summer | sizjaylamawçan edigizjaylamawçanegizyou all didn't use to summer | alajaylamawçan edilejaylamawçanellethey didn't use to summer |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaylab edihe had summered and remained so | alajaylab edilethey had summered and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaylab tül edihe hadn't summered | alajaylab tül edilethey hadn't summered | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaylab tura edimjaylab turaemI had kept summering | senjaylab tura ediŋjaylab turaeŋyou had kept summering | oljaylab tura edijaylab turaedhe had kept summering | bizjaylab tura edikjaylab turaekwe had kept summering | sizjaylab tura edigizjaylab turaegizyou all had kept summering | alajaylab tura edilejaylab turaellethey had kept summering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaylab turmay edimjaylab turmayemI hadn't kept summering | senjaylab turmay ediŋjaylab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept summering | oljaylab turmay edijaylab turmayedhe hadn't kept summering | bizjaylab turmay edikjaylab turmayekwe hadn't kept summering | sizjaylab turmay edigizjaylab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept summering | alajaylab turmay edilejaylab turmayellethey hadn't kept summering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaylay tura edimjaylay turaemI was in the middle of summering | senjaylay tura ediŋjaylay turaeŋyou were in the middle of summering | oljaylay tura edijaylay turaedhe was in the middle of summering | bizjaylay tura edikjaylay turaekwe were in the middle of summering | sizjaylay tura edigizjaylay turaegizyou all were in the middle of summering | alajaylay tura edilejaylay turaellethey were in the middle of summering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaylay turmay edimjaylay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of summering | senjaylay turmay ediŋjaylay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of summering | oljaylay turmay edijaylay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of summering | bizjaylay turmay edikjaylay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of summering | sizjaylay turmay edigizjaylay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of summering | alajaylay turmay edilejaylay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of summering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjaylar edimjaylar emI would summer | senjaylar ediŋjaylar eŋyou would summer | oljaylar edijaylar edhe would summer | bizjaylar edikjaylar ekwe would summer | sizjaylar edigizjaylar egizyou all would summer | alajaylar edilejaylar ellethey would summer |
| Conditional result (would) | menjaylamaz edimjaylamaz emI wouldn't summer | senjaylamaz ediŋjaylamaz eŋyou wouldn't summer | oljaylamaz edijaylamaz edhe wouldn't summer | bizjaylamaz edikjaylamaz ekwe wouldn't summer | sizjaylamaz edigizjaylamaz egizyou all wouldn't summer | alajaylamaz edilejaylamaz ellethey wouldn't summer |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaylarıq edimjaylarıq emI would have summered | senjaylarıq ediŋjaylarıq eŋyou would have summered | oljaylarıq edijaylarıq edhe would have summered | bizjaylarıq edikjaylarıq ekwe would have summered | sizjaylarıq edigizjaylarıq egizyou all would have summered | alajaylarıq edilejaylarıq ellethey would have summered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaylarıq tül edimjaylarıq tül emI wouldn't have summered | senjaylarıq tül ediŋjaylarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have summered | oljaylarıq tül edijaylarıq tül edhe wouldn't have summered | bizjaylarıq tül edikjaylarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have summered | sizjaylarıq tül edigizjaylarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have summered | alajaylarıq tül edilejaylarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have summered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjaylasamif I summer | senjaylasaŋif you summer | oljaylasaif he summers | bizjaylasaqif we summer | sizjaylasağızif you all summer | alajaylasalaif they summer |
| Conditional | menjaylamasamif I don't summer | senjaylamasaŋif you don't summer | oljaylamasaif he doesn't summer | bizjaylamasaqif we don't summer | sizjaylamasağızif you all don't summer | alajaylamasalaif they don't summer |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjaylay esemif I am summering | senjaylay eseŋif you are summering | oljaylay eseif he is summering | bizjaylay esekif we are summering | sizjaylay esegizif you all are summering | alajaylay eseleif they are summering |
| Conditional, present real | menjaylamay esemif I am not summering | senjaylamay eseŋif you are not summering | oljaylamay eseif he is not summering | bizjaylamay esekif we are not summering | sizjaylamay esegizif you all are not summering | alajaylamay eseleif they are not summering |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaylasam edijaylasam edif only I summered | senjaylasaŋ edijaylasaŋ edif only you summered | oljaylasa edijaylasaedif only he summered | bizjaylasaq edijaylasaq edif only we summered | sizjaylasağız edijaylasağız edif only you all summered | alajaylasala edijaylasalaedif only they summered |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaylamasam edijaylamasam edif only I didn't summer | senjaylamasaŋ edijaylamasaŋ edif only you didn't summer | oljaylamasa edijaylamasaedif only he didn't summer | bizjaylamasaq edijaylamasaq edif only we didn't summer | sizjaylamasağız edijaylamasağız edif only you all didn't summer | alajaylamasala edijaylamasalaedif only they didn't summer |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjaylab tursamif I carry on summering | senjaylab tursaŋif you carry on summering | oljaylab tursaif he carries on summering | bizjaylab tursaqif we carry on summering | sizjaylab tursağızif you all carry on summering | alajaylab tursalaif they carry on summering |
| Durative conditional | menjaylab turmasamif I don't carry on summering | senjaylab turmasaŋif you don't carry on summering | oljaylab turmasaif he doesn't carry on summering | bizjaylab turmasaqif we don't carry on summering | sizjaylab turmasağızif you all don't carry on summering | alajaylab turmasalaif they don't carry on summering |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaylab tura esemif I have kept summering | senjaylab tura eseŋif you have kept summering | oljaylab tura eseif he has kept summering | bizjaylab tura esekif we have kept summering | sizjaylab tura esegizif you all have kept summering | alajaylab tura eseleif they have kept summering |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaylab turmay esemif I haven't kept summering | senjaylab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept summering | oljaylab turmay eseif he hasn't kept summering | bizjaylab turmay esekif we haven't kept summering | sizjaylab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept summering | alajaylab turmay eseleif they haven't kept summering |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjaylay tursamif I keep summering | senjaylay tursaŋif you keep summering | oljaylay tursaif he keeps summering | bizjaylay tursaqif we keep summering | sizjaylay tursağızif you all keep summering | alajaylay tursalaif they keep summering |
| Progressive conditional | menjaylamay tursamif I keep on not summering | senjaylamay tursaŋif you keep on not summering | oljaylamay tursaif he keeps on not summering | bizjaylamay tursaqif we keep on not summering | sizjaylamay tursağızif you all keep on not summering | alajaylamay tursalaif they keep on not summering |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaylay tura esemif I am in the middle of summering | senjaylay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of summering | oljaylay tura eseif he is in the middle of summering | bizjaylay tura esekif we are in the middle of summering | sizjaylay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of summering | alajaylay tura eseleif they are in the middle of summering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaylamay tura esemif I keep on not summering | senjaylamay tura eseŋif you keep on not summering | oljaylamay tura eseif he keeps on not summering | bizjaylamay tura esekif we keep on not summering | sizjaylamay tura esegizif you all keep on not summering | alajaylamay tura eseleif they keep on not summering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjayladım esemif I summered | senjayladıŋ eseŋif you summered | oljayladı eseif he summered | bizjayladıq esekif we summered | sizjayladığız esegizif you all summered | alajayladıla eseleif they summered |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaylamadım esemif I didn't summer | senjaylamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't summer | oljaylamadı eseif he didn't summer | bizjaylamadıq esekif we didn't summer | sizjaylamadığız esegizif you all didn't summer | alajaylamadıla eseleif they didn't summer |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjaylağan esemif I did summer (indeed) | senjaylağan eseŋif you did summer (indeed) | oljaylağan eseif he did summer (indeed) | bizjaylağan esekif we did summer (indeed) | sizjaylağan esegizif you all did summer (indeed) | alajaylağan eseleif they did summer (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjaylamağan esemif I didn't summer (indeed) | senjaylamağan eseŋif you didn't summer (indeed) | oljaylamağan eseif he didn't summer (indeed) | bizjaylamağan esekif we didn't summer (indeed) | sizjaylamağan esegizif you all didn't summer (indeed) | alajaylamağan eseleif they didn't summer (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaylağan bolsamif I had summered | senjaylağan bolsaŋif you had summered | oljaylağan bolsaif he had summered | bizjaylağan bolsaqif we had summered | sizjaylağan bolsağızif you all had summered | alajaylağan bolsalaif they had summered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaylamağan bolsamif I hadn't summered | senjaylamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't summered | oljaylamağan bolsaif he hadn't summered | bizjaylamağan bolsaqif we hadn't summered | sizjaylamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't summered | alajaylamağan bolsalaif they hadn't summered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaylağan bolsam edijaylağan bolsam edif only I had summered | senjaylağan bolsaŋ edijaylağan bolsaŋ edif only you had summered | oljaylağan bolsa edijaylağan bolsaedif only he had summered | bizjaylağan bolsaq edijaylağan bolsaq edif only we had summered | sizjaylağan bolsağız edijaylağan bolsağız edif only you all had summered | alajaylağan bolsala edijaylağan bolsalaedif only they had summered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaylamağan bolsam edijaylamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't summered | senjaylamağan bolsaŋ edijaylamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't summered | oljaylamağan bolsa edijaylamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't summered | bizjaylamağan bolsaq edijaylamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't summered | sizjaylamağan bolsağız edijaylamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't summered | alajaylamağan bolsala edijaylamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't summered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjaylar esemif I will summer | senjaylar eseŋif you will summer | oljaylar eseif he will summer | bizjaylar esekif we will summer | sizjaylar esegizif you all will summer | alajaylar eseleif they will summer |
| Conditional, aorist | menjaylamaz esemif I won't summer | senjaylamaz eseŋif you won't summer | oljaylamaz eseif he won't summer | bizjaylamaz esekif we won't summer | sizjaylamaz esegizif you all won't summer | alajaylamaz eseleif they won't summer |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjaylarıq esemif I am going to summer | senjaylarıq eseŋif you are going to summer | oljaylarıq eseif he is going to summer | bizjaylarıq esekif we are going to summer | sizjaylarıq esegizif you all are going to summer | alajaylarıq eseleif they are going to summer |
| Conditional, future | menjaylarıq tül esemif I am not going to summer | senjaylarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to summer | oljaylarıq tül eseif he is not going to summer | bizjaylarıq tül esekif we are not going to summer | sizjaylarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to summer | alajaylarıq tül eseleif they are not going to summer |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaylarıq bolsamif I were going to summer | senjaylarıq bolsaŋif you were going to summer | oljaylarıq bolsaif he were going to summer | bizjaylarıq bolsaqif we were going to summer | sizjaylarıq bolsağızif you all were going to summer | alajaylarıq bolsalaif they were going to summer |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaylamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to summer | senjaylamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to summer | oljaylamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to summer | bizjaylamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to summer | sizjaylamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to summer | alajaylamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to summer |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jayladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaylay bolurmaI must be summering | senjaylay bolursayou must be summering | oljaylay bolurhe must be summering | bizjaylay bolurbuzwe must be summering | sizjaylay bolursuzyou all must be summering | alajaylay bolurlathey must be summering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaylamay bolurmaI must not be summering | senjaylamay bolursayou must not be summering | oljaylamay bolurhe must not be summering | bizjaylamay bolurbuzwe must not be summering | sizjaylamay bolursuzyou all must not be summering | alajaylamay bolurlathey must not be summering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaylay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of summering | senjaylay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of summering | oljaylay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of summering | bizjaylay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of summering | sizjaylay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of summering | alajaylay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of summering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaylamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not summering | senjaylamay tura bolursayou must keep on not summering | oljaylamay tura bolurhe must keep on not summering | bizjaylamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not summering | sizjaylamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not summering | alajaylamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not summering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjaylağan bolurmaI must have summered | senjaylağan bolursayou must have summered | oljaylağan bolurhe must have summered | bizjaylağan bolurbuzwe must have summered | sizjaylağan bolursuzyou all must have summered | alajaylağan bolurlathey must have summered |
| Inference (must have) | menjaylamağan bolurmaI must not have summered | senjaylamağan bolursayou must not have summered | oljaylamağan bolurhe must not have summered | bizjaylamağan bolurbuzwe must not have summered | sizjaylamağan bolursuzyou all must not have summered | alajaylamağan bolurlathey must not have summered |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaylarıq bolurmaI must be going to summer | senjaylarıq bolursayou must be going to summer | oljaylarıq bolurhe must be going to summer | bizjaylarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to summer | sizjaylarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to summer | alajaylarıq bolurlathey must be going to summer |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaylamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to summer | senjaylamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to summer | oljaylamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to summer | bizjaylamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to summer | sizjaylamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to summer | alajaylamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to summer |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjaylayımlet me summer | senjayla!summer! | oljaylasınlet him summer | bizjaylayıqlet's summer | sizjaylağız!summer, you all! | alajaylasınlalet them summer |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaylamayımlet me not summer | senjaylama!don't summer! | oljaylamasınlet him not summer | bizjaylamayıqlet's not summer | sizjaylamağız!don't summer, you all! | alajaylamasınlalet them not summer |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaylayımmı?shall I summer? | oljaylasınmı?should he summer? | bizjaylayıqmı?shall we summer? | alajaylasınlamı?should they summer? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjaylamayımmı?shall I not summer? | oljaylamasınmı?should he not summer? | bizjaylamayıqmı?shall we not summer? | alajaylamasınlamı?should they not summer? | ||
| Requests | senjaylaçı2jaylaçınplease summer | oljaylasınçıdo let him summer | sizjaylaçığızplease summer (plural/polite) | alajaylasınlaçıdo let them summer | ||
| Requests | senjaylamaçı2jaylamaçınplease don't summer | oljaylamasınçıdo let him not summer | sizjaylamaçığızplease don't summer (plural/polite) | alajaylamasınlaçıdo let them not summer | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaylağınjaylağımay you summer | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaylamağınjaylamağımay you not summer | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaylağay edim jaylağa edimwould that I summered | senjaylağay ediŋ jaylağa ediŋwould that you summered | oljaylağay edi jaylağa ediwould that he summered | bizjaylağay edik jaylağa edikwould that we summered | sizjaylağay edigiz jaylağa edigizwould that you all summered | alajaylağay edile jaylağa edilewould that they summered |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaylamağay edim jaylamağa edimwould that I did not summer | senjaylamağay ediŋ jaylamağa ediŋwould that you did not summer | oljaylamağay edi jaylamağa ediwould that he did not summer | bizjaylamağay edik jaylamağa edikwould that we did not summer | sizjaylamağay edigiz jaylamağa edigizwould that you all did not summer | alajaylamağay edile jaylamağa edilewould that they did not summer |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaylamağa qoyayımjaylama qoyayımlet me allow someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoy!jaylama qoy!let someone summer! | oljaylamağa qoysunjaylama qoysunlet him allow someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoyayıqjaylama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoyuğuz!jaylama qoyuğuz!let someone summer, you all! | alajaylamağa qoysunlajaylama qoysunlalet them allow someone to summer |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaylamağa qoymayımjaylama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoyma!jaylama qoyma!don't let someone summer! | oljaylamağa qoymasınjaylama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoymayıqjaylama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoymağız!jaylama qoymağız!don't let someone summer, you all! | alajaylamağa qoymasınlajaylama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to summer |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaylamağa qoyayımmı?jaylama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoysunmu?jaylama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoyayıqmı?jaylama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoysunlamı?jaylama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to summer? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaylamağa qoymayımmı?jaylama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoymasınmı?jaylama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoymayıqmı?jaylama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoymasınlamı?jaylama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to summer? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjaylamağa qoyamajaylama qoyamaI allow someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoyasajaylama qoyasayou allow someone to summer | oljaylamağa qoyadıjaylama qoyadıhe allows someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoyabızjaylama qoyabızwe allow someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoyasızjaylama qoyasızyou all allow someone to summer | alajaylamağa qoyadılajaylama qoyadılathey allow someone to summer |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaylamağa qoymaymajaylama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoymaysajaylama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to summer | oljaylamağa qoymaydıjaylama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoymaybızjaylama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoymaysızjaylama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to summer | alajaylamağa qoymaydılajaylama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to summer |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaylamağa qoyamamı?jaylama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to summer? | senjaylamağa qoyamısa?jaylama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoyamıdı?jaylama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoyabızmı?jaylama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to summer? | sizjaylamağa qoyamısız?jaylama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoyamıdıla?jaylama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to summer? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaylamağa qoymaymamı?jaylama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to summer? | senjaylamağa qoymaymısa?jaylama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoymaymıdı?jaylama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoymaybızmı?jaylama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to summer? | sizjaylamağa qoymaymısız?jaylama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoymaymıdıla?jaylama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to summer? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaylamağa qoydumjaylama qoydumI allowed someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoyduŋjaylama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to summer | oljaylamağa qoydujaylama qoyduhe allowed someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoyduqjaylama qoyduqwe allowed someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoyduğuzjaylama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to summer | alajaylamağa qoydulajaylama qoydulathey allowed someone to summer |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaylamağa qoymadımjaylama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to summer | senjaylamağa qoymadıŋjaylama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to summer | oljaylamağa qoymadıjaylama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to summer | bizjaylamağa qoymadıqjaylama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to summer | sizjaylamağa qoymadığızjaylama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to summer | alajaylamağa qoymadılajaylama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to summer |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaylamağa qoydummu?jaylama qoydummu?did I allow someone to summer? | senjaylamağa qoyduŋmu?jaylama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoydumu?jaylama qoydumu?did he allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoyduqmu?jaylama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to summer? | sizjaylamağa qoyduğuzmu?jaylama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoydulamı?jaylama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to summer? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaylamağa qoymadımmı?jaylama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to summer? | senjaylamağa qoymadıŋmı?jaylama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to summer? | oljaylamağa qoymadımı?jaylama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to summer? | bizjaylamağa qoymadıqmı?jaylama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to summer? | sizjaylamağa qoymadığızmı?jaylama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to summer? | alajaylamağa qoymadılamı?jaylama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to summer? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjaylayalamaI can summer | senjaylayalasayou can summer | oljaylayaladıhe can summer | bizjaylayalabızwe can summer | sizjaylayalasızyou all can summer | alajaylayaladılathey can summer |
| Ability — present | menjaylayalmaymaI can't summer | senjaylayalmaysayou can't summer | oljaylayalmaydıhe can't summer | bizjaylayalmaybızwe can't summer | sizjaylayalmaysızyou all can't summer | alajaylayalmaydılathey can't summer |
| Ability — present | menjaylayalamamı? jaylayalamıma?can I summer? | senjaylayalamısa?can you summer? | oljaylayalamıdı?can he summer? | bizjaylayalabızmı? jaylayalamıbız?can we summer? | sizjaylayalamısız?can you all summer? | alajaylayalamıdıla?can they summer? |
| Ability — present | menjaylayalmaymamı? jaylayalmaymıma?can't I summer? | senjaylayalmaymısa?can't you summer? | oljaylayalmaymıdı?can't he summer? | bizjaylayalmaybızmı? jaylayalmaymıbız?can't we summer? | sizjaylayalmaymısız?can't you all summer? | alajaylayalmaymıdıla?can't they summer? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaylayalsamif I can summer | senjaylayalsaŋif you can summer | oljaylayalsaif he can summer | bizjaylayalsaqif we can summer | sizjaylayalsağızif you all can summer | alajaylayalsalaif they can summer |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaylayalmasamif I can't summer | senjaylayalmasaŋif you can't summer | oljaylayalmasaif he can't summer | bizjaylayalmasaqif we can't summer | sizjaylayalmasağızif you all can't summer | alajaylayalmasalaif they can't summer |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjaylayaldımI was able to summer | senjaylayaldıŋyou were able to summer | oljaylayaldıhe was able to summer | bizjaylayaldıqwe were able to summer | sizjaylayaldığızyou all were able to summer | alajaylayaldılathey were able to summer |
| Ability — simple past | menjaylayalmadımI could not summer | senjaylayalmadıŋyou could not summer | oljaylayalmadıhe could not summer | bizjaylayalmadıqwe could not summer | sizjaylayalmadığızyou all could not summer | alajaylayalmadılathey could not summer |
| Ability — simple past | menjaylayaldımmı?was I able to summer? | senjaylayaldıŋmı?were you able to summer? | oljaylayaldımı?was he able to summer? | bizjaylayaldıqmı?were we able to summer? | sizjaylayaldığızmı?were you all able to summer? | alajaylayaldılamı?were they able to summer? |
| Ability — simple past | menjaylayalmadımmı?couldn't I summer? | senjaylayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you summer? | oljaylayalmadımı?couldn't he summer? | bizjaylayalmadıqmı?couldn't we summer? | sizjaylayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all summer? | alajaylayalmadılamı?couldn't they summer? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaylayalğanmaI have been able to summer | senjaylayalğansayou have been able to summer | oljaylayalğandıhe has been able to summer | bizjaylayalğanbızwe have been able to summer | sizjaylayalğansızyou all have been able to summer | alajaylayalğandılathey have been able to summer |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaylayalmağanmaI haven't been able to summer | senjaylayalmağansayou haven't been able to summer | oljaylayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to summer | bizjaylayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to summer | sizjaylayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to summer | alajaylayalmağandılathey haven't been able to summer |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaylayalğanmamı? jaylayalğanmıma?have I been able to summer? | senjaylayalğanmısa?have you been able to summer? | oljaylayalğanmıdı?has he been able to summer? | bizjaylayalğanbızmı? jaylayalğanmıbız?have we been able to summer? | sizjaylayalğanmısız?have you all been able to summer? | alajaylayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to summer? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaylayalmağanmamı? jaylayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to summer? | senjaylayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to summer? | oljaylayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to summer? | bizjaylayalmağanbızmı? jaylayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to summer? | sizjaylayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to summer? | alajaylayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to summer? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaylayalğan edimjaylayalğanemI had been able to summer | senjaylayalğan ediŋjaylayalğaneŋyou had been able to summer | oljaylayalğan edijaylayalğanedhe had been able to summer | bizjaylayalğan edikjaylayalğanekwe had been able to summer | sizjaylayalğan edigizjaylayalğanegizyou all had been able to summer | alajaylayalğan edilejaylayalğanellethey had been able to summer |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaylayalmağan edimjaylayalmağanemI hadn't been able to summer | senjaylayalmağan ediŋjaylayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to summer | oljaylayalmağan edijaylayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to summer | bizjaylayalmağan edikjaylayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to summer | sizjaylayalmağan edigizjaylayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to summer | alajaylayalmağan edilejaylayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to summer |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjaylayala edimjaylayalaemI could summer | senjaylayala ediŋjaylayalaeŋyou could summer | oljaylayala edijaylayalaedhe could summer | bizjaylayala edikjaylayalaekwe could summer | sizjaylayala edigizjaylayalaegizyou all could summer | alajaylayala edilejaylayalaellethey could summer |
| Ability — past background | menjaylayalmay edimjaylayalmayemI could not summer | senjaylayalmay ediŋjaylayalmayeŋyou could not summer | oljaylayalmay edijaylayalmayedhe could not summer | bizjaylayalmay edikjaylayalmayekwe could not summer | sizjaylayalmay edigizjaylayalmayegizyou all could not summer | alajaylayalmay edilejaylayalmayellethey could not summer |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjaylayalırmaI will be able to summer | senjaylayalırsayou will be able to summer | oljaylayalırhe will be able to summer | bizjaylayalırbızwe will be able to summer | sizjaylayalırsızyou all will be able to summer | alajaylayalırlathey will be able to summer |
| Ability — future I | menjaylayalmazmaI won't be able to summer | senjaylayalmazsayou won't be able to summer | oljaylayalmazhe won't be able to summer | bizjaylayalmazbızwe won't be able to summer | sizjaylayalmazsızyou all won't be able to summer | alajaylayalmazlathey won't be able to summer |
| Ability — future I | menjaylayalırmamı? jaylayalırmıma?will I be able to summer? | senjaylayalırmısa?will you be able to summer? | oljaylayalırmı?will he be able to summer? | bizjaylayalırbızmı? jaylayalırmıbız?will we be able to summer? | sizjaylayalırmısız?will you all be able to summer? | alajaylayalırlamı? jaylayalırmıla?will they be able to summer? |
| Ability — future I | menjaylayalmazmamı? jaylayalmazmıma?won't I be able to summer? | senjaylayalmazmısa?won't you be able to summer? | oljaylayalmazmı?won't he be able to summer? | bizjaylayalmazbızmı? jaylayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to summer? | sizjaylayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to summer? | alajaylayalmazlamı? jaylayalmazmıla?won't they be able to summer? |
| Ability — future II | menjaylayallıqmaI am going to be able to summer | senjaylayallıqsayou are going to be able to summer | oljaylayallıqdıhe is going to be able to summer | bizjaylayallıqbızwe are going to be able to summer | sizjaylayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to summer | alajaylayallıqdılathey are going to be able to summer |
| Ability — future II | menjaylayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to summer | senjaylayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to summer | oljaylayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to summer | bizjaylayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to summer | sizjaylayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to summer | alajaylayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to summer |
| Ability — future II | menjaylayallıqmamı? jaylayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to summer? | senjaylayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to summer? | oljaylayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to summer? | bizjaylayallıqbızmı? jaylayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to summer? | sizjaylayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to summer? | alajaylayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to summer? |
| Ability — future II | menjaylayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to summer? | senjaylayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to summer? | oljaylayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to summer? | bizjaylayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to summer? | sizjaylayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to summer? | alajaylayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to summer? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaylayalır edimjaylayalır emI would be able to summer | senjaylayalır ediŋjaylayalır eŋyou would be able to summer | oljaylayalır edijaylayalır edhe would be able to summer | bizjaylayalır edikjaylayalır ekwe would be able to summer | sizjaylayalır edigizjaylayalır egizyou all would be able to summer | alajaylayalır edilejaylayalır ellethey would be able to summer |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaylayalmaz edimjaylayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to summer | senjaylayalmaz ediŋjaylayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to summer | oljaylayalmaz edijaylayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to summer | bizjaylayalmaz edikjaylayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to summer | sizjaylayalmaz edigizjaylayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to summer | alajaylayalmaz edilejaylayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to summer |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaylayalğınjaylayalğımay you be able to summer | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaylayalmağınjaylayalmağımay you not be able to summer | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjaylarğa izleymeI want to summer | senjaylarğa izleyseyou want to summer | oljaylarğa izleydihe wants to summer | bizjaylarğa izleybizwe want to summer | sizjaylarğa izleysizyou all want to summer | alajaylarğa izleydilethey want to summer |
| want to | menjaylarğa izlemeymeI do not want to summer | senjaylarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to summer | oljaylarğa izlemeydihe does not want to summer | bizjaylarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to summer | sizjaylarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to summer | alajaylarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to summer |
| would like to | menjaylarğa süemeI would like to summer | senjaylarğa süeseyou would like to summer | oljaylarğa süedihe would like to summer | bizjaylarğa süebizwe would like to summer | sizjaylarğa süesizyou all would like to summer | alajaylarğa süedilethey would like to summer |
| would like to | menjaylarğa süymeymeI would not like to summer | senjaylarğa süymeyseyou would not like to summer | oljaylarğa süymeydihe would not like to summer | bizjaylarğa süymeybizwe would not like to summer | sizjaylarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to summer | alajaylarğa süymeydilethey would not like to summer |
| hope to | menjaylarğa umutlanamaI hope to summer | senjaylarğa umutlanasayou hope to summer | oljaylarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to summer | bizjaylarğa umutlanabızwe hope to summer | sizjaylarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to summer | alajaylarğa umutlanadılathey hope to summer |
| hope to | menjaylarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to summer | senjaylarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to summer | oljaylarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to summer | bizjaylarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to summer | sizjaylarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to summer | alajaylarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to summer |
| be about to | menjaylarğa deb turamaI am about to summer | senjaylarğa deb turasayou are about to summer | oljaylarğa deb turadıhe is about to summer | bizjaylarğa deb turabızwe are about to summer | sizjaylarğa deb turasızyou all are about to summer | alajaylarğa deb turadılathey are about to summer |
| be about to | menjaylarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to summer | senjaylarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to summer | oljaylarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to summer | bizjaylarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to summer | sizjaylarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to summer | alajaylarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to summer |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjaylarğa kerekmeI need to summer | senjaylarğa kerekseyou need to summer | oljaylarğa kerekdihe needs to summer | bizjaylarğa kerekbizwe need to summer | sizjaylarğa kereksizyou all need to summer | alajaylarğa kerekdilethey need to summer |
| need to | menjaylarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to summer | senjaylarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to summer | oljaylarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to summer | bizjaylarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to summer | sizjaylarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to summer | alajaylarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to summer |
| have to | menmenŋe jaylarğa tüşediI have to summer | sensenŋe jaylarğa tüşediyou have to summer | olaŋa jaylarğa tüşedihe has to summer | bizbizge jaylarğa tüşediwe have to summer | sizsizge jaylarğa tüşediyou all have to summer | alaalağa jaylarğa tüşedithey have to summer |
| have to | menmenŋe jaylarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to summer | sensenŋe jaylarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to summer | olaŋa jaylarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to summer | bizbizge jaylarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to summer | sizsizge jaylarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to summer | alaalağa jaylarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to summer |
| be obliged to | menjaylarğa borçlumaI am obliged to summer | senjaylarğa borçlusayou are obliged to summer | oljaylarğa borçluduhe is obliged to summer | bizjaylarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to summer | sizjaylarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to summer | alajaylarğa borçludulathey are obliged to summer |
| be obliged to | menjaylarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to summer | senjaylarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to summer | oljaylarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to summer | bizjaylarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to summer | sizjaylarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to summer | alajaylarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to summer |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjaylarğa madarım bardıI have a way to summer | senjaylarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to summer | oljaylarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to summer | bizjaylarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to summer | sizjaylarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to summer | alajaylarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to summer |
| have a way to | menjaylarğa madarım joqduI have no way to summer | senjaylarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to summer | oljaylarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to summer | bizjaylarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to summer | sizjaylarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to summer | alajaylarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to summer |
| be free to | menjaylarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to summer | senjaylarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to summer | oljaylarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to summer | bizjaylarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to summer | sizjaylarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to summer | alajaylarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to summer |
| be free to | menjaylarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to summer | senjaylarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to summer | oljaylarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to summer | bizjaylarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to summer | sizjaylarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to summer | alajaylarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to summer |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to summer | sensenŋe jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to summer | olaŋa jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to summer | bizbizge jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to summer | sizsizge jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to summer | alaalağa jaylarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to summer |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to summer | sensenŋe jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to summer | olaŋa jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to summer | bizbizge jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to summer | sizsizge jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to summer | alaalağa jaylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to summer |
| be ready to | menjaylarğa hazırmaI am ready to summer | senjaylarğa hazırsayou are ready to summer | oljaylarğa hazırdıhe is ready to summer | bizjaylarğa hazırbızwe are ready to summer | sizjaylarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to summer | alajaylarğa hazırdılathey are ready to summer |
| be ready to | menjaylarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to summer | senjaylarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to summer | oljaylarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to summer | bizjaylarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to summer | sizjaylarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to summer | alajaylarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to summer |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjaylarğa küreşemeI am trying to summer | senjaylarğa küreşeseyou are trying to summer | oljaylarğa küreşedihe is trying to summer | bizjaylarğa küreşebizwe are trying to summer | sizjaylarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to summer | alajaylarğa küreşedilethey are trying to summer |
| try to | menjaylarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to summer | senjaylarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to summer | oljaylarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to summer | bizjaylarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to summer | sizjaylarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to summer | alajaylarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to summer |
| agree to | menjaylarğa unaymaI agree to summer | senjaylarğa unaysayou agree to summer | oljaylarğa unaydıhe agrees to summer | bizjaylarğa unaybızwe agree to summer | sizjaylarğa unaysızyou all agree to summer | alajaylarğa unaydılathey agree to summer |
| agree to | menjaylarğa unamaymaI refuse to summer | senjaylarğa unamaysayou refuse to summer | oljaylarğa unamaydıhe refuses to summer | bizjaylarğa unamaybızwe refuse to summer | sizjaylarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to summer | alajaylarğa unamaydılathey refuse to summer |
| hurry to | menjaylarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to summer | senjaylarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to summer | oljaylarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to summer | bizjaylarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to summer | sizjaylarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to summer | alajaylarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to summer |
| hurry to | menjaylarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to summer | senjaylarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to summer | oljaylarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to summer | bizjaylarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to summer | sizjaylarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to summer | alajaylarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to summer |
| be afraid to | menjaylarğa qorqamaI am afraid to summer | senjaylarğa qorqasayou are afraid to summer | oljaylarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to summer | bizjaylarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to summer | sizjaylarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to summer | alajaylarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to summer |
| be afraid to | menjaylarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to summer | senjaylarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to summer | oljaylarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to summer | bizjaylarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to summer | sizjaylarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to summer | alajaylarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to summer |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjaylay bolmazmaI can't be summering | senjaylay bolmazsayou can't be summering | oljaylay bolmazhe can't be summering | bizjaylay bolmazbızwe can't be summering | sizjaylay bolmazsızyou all can't be summering | alajaylay bolmazlathey can't be summering |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjaylamay bolmazmaI must be summering (emphatic) | senjaylamay bolmazsayou must be summering (emphatic) | oljaylamay bolmazhe must be summering (emphatic) | bizjaylamay bolmazbızwe must be summering (emphatic) | sizjaylamay bolmazsızyou all must be summering (emphatic) | alajaylamay bolmazlathey must be summering (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjaylay turmasamif I don't keep summering | senjaylay turmasaŋif you don't keep summering | oljaylay turmasaif he doesn't keep summering | bizjaylay turmasaqif we don't keep summering | sizjaylay turmasağızif you all don't keep summering | alajaylay turmasalaif they don't keep summering |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjaylay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of summering | senjaylay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of summering | oljaylay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of summering | bizjaylay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of summering | sizjaylay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of summering | alajaylay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of summering |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjaylamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not summering (emphatic) | senjaylamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not summering (emphatic) | oljaylamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not summering (emphatic) | bizjaylamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not summering (emphatic) | sizjaylamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not summering (emphatic) | alajaylamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not summering (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjaylamay turamaI keep on not summering | senjaylamay turasayou keep on not summering | oljaylamay turadıhe keeps on not summering | bizjaylamay turabızwe keep on not summering | sizjaylamay turasızyou all keep on not summering | alajaylamay turadılathey keep on not summering |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaylamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not summering | senjaylamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not summering | oljaylamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not summering | bizjaylamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not summering | sizjaylamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not summering | alajaylamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not summering |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaylamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not summering? | senjaylamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not summering? | oljaylamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not summering? | bizjaylamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not summering? | sizjaylamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not summering? | alajaylamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not summering? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjaylağan bolmazmaI can't have summered | senjaylağan bolmazsayou can't have summered | oljaylağan bolmazhe can't have summered | bizjaylağan bolmazbızwe can't have summered | sizjaylağan bolmazsızyou all can't have summered | alajaylağan bolmazlathey can't have summered |
| Inference — double negation | menjaylamağan bolmazmaI must have summered (emphatic) | senjaylamağan bolmazsayou must have summered (emphatic) | oljaylamağan bolmazhe must have summered (emphatic) | bizjaylamağan bolmazbızwe must have summered (emphatic) | sizjaylamağan bolmazsızyou all must have summered (emphatic) | alajaylamağan bolmazlathey must have summered (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjaylağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had summered | senjaylağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had summered | oljaylağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had summered | bizjaylağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had summered | sizjaylağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had summered | alajaylağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had summered |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjaylamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't summered | senjaylamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't summered | oljaylamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't summered | bizjaylamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't summered | sizjaylamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't summered | alajaylamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't summered |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjaylarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to summer | senjaylarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to summer | oljaylarıq bolmazhe can't be going to summer | bizjaylarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to summer | sizjaylarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to summer | alajaylarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to summer |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjaylamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to summer (emphatic) | senjaylamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to summer (emphatic) | oljaylamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to summer (emphatic) | bizjaylamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to summer (emphatic) | sizjaylamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to summer (emphatic) | alajaylamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to summer (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjaylarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to summer | senjaylarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to summer | oljaylarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to summer | bizjaylarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to summer | sizjaylarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to summer | alajaylarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to summer |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjaylamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to summer | senjaylamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to summer | oljaylamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to summer | bizjaylamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to summer | sizjaylamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to summer | alajaylamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to summer |