jayığırğa
/dʒajɯʁɯrʁa/
1. unwind, take a stroll, get some fresh air, take one's mind off things — Suyunchev and Urusbiev 1965 gives the 'take one's mind off things' reading as figurative and pairs it with közüŋü açarğa and qayğıŋı çaçarğa.
- bir kesek jayığırğa çıqdım — I went out to unwind a little
- tışına çığıb jayıqdıq — we went outside and got some fresh air
- tawda jayığıb qaytdıla — they unwound in the mountains and came back
2. clear up, become clear (of the weather) one source
- kün jayıqdı — the weather cleared up
- kün jayığadı — the weather is clearing up
- tüşden sora kün jayıqdı — after noon the weather cleared up
Conjugation
Common forms
- jayığadıhe is unwinding
- jayıqdıhe unwound
- jayıqğandıhe has unwound
- jayığırhe will unwind
- jayığırıqdıhe is going to unwind
- jayığa edihe was unwinding
- jayıqsaif he unwinds
- jayıq!unwind!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjayığamaI am unwinding | senjayığasayou are unwinding | oljayığadıhe is unwinding | bizjayığabızwe are unwinding | sizjayığasızyou all are unwinding | alajayığadılathey are unwinding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjayıqmaymaI am not unwinding | senjayıqmaysayou are not unwinding | oljayıqmaydıhe is not unwinding | bizjayıqmaybızwe are not unwinding | sizjayıqmaysızyou all are not unwinding | alajayıqmaydılathey are not unwinding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjayığamamı? jayığamıma?am I unwinding? | senjayığamısa?are you unwinding? | oljayığamıdı?is he unwinding? | bizjayığabızmı? jayığamıbız?are we unwinding? | sizjayığamısız?are you all unwinding? | alajayığamıdıla?are they unwinding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjayıqmaymamı? jayıqmaymıma?aren't I unwinding? | senjayıqmaymısa?aren't you unwinding? | oljayıqmaymıdı?isn't he unwinding? | bizjayıqmaybızmı? jayıqmaymıbız?aren't we unwinding? | sizjayıqmaymısız?aren't you all unwinding? | alajayıqmaymıdıla?aren't they unwinding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjayığıwçanmaI usually unwind | senjayığıwçansayou usually unwind | oljayığıwçandıhe usually unwinds | bizjayığıwçanbızwe usually unwind | sizjayığıwçansızyou all usually unwind | alajayığıwçandılathey usually unwind |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjayıqmawçanmaI usually don't unwind | senjayıqmawçansayou usually don't unwind | oljayıqmawçandıhe usually doesn't unwind | bizjayıqmawçanbızwe usually don't unwind | sizjayıqmawçansızyou all usually don't unwind | alajayıqmawçandılathey usually don't unwind |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjayığıwçanmamı? jayığıwçanmıma?do I usually unwind? | senjayığıwçanmısa?do you usually unwind? | oljayığıwçanmıdı?does he usually unwind? | bizjayığıwçanbızmı? jayığıwçanmıbız?do we usually unwind? | sizjayığıwçanmısız?do you all usually unwind? | alajayığıwçanmıdıla?do they usually unwind? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjayıqmawçanmamı? jayıqmawçanmıma?do I usually not unwind? | senjayıqmawçanmısa?do you usually not unwind? | oljayıqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not unwind? | bizjayıqmawçanbızmı? jayıqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not unwind? | sizjayıqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not unwind? | alajayıqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not unwind? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljayığıbdıhe has unwound and remains so | alajayığıbdılathey have unwound and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljayığıbmıdı?has he unwound? | alajayığıbmıdıla?have they unwound? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjayığıb turamaI keep unwinding | senjayığıb turasayou keep unwinding | oljayığıb turadıhe keeps unwinding | bizjayığıb turabızwe keep unwinding | sizjayığıb turasızyou all keep unwinding | alajayığıb turadılathey keep unwinding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjayığıb turmaymaI don't keep unwinding | senjayığıb turmaysayou don't keep unwinding | oljayığıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep unwinding | bizjayığıb turmaybızwe don't keep unwinding | sizjayığıb turmaysızyou all don't keep unwinding | alajayığıb turmaydılathey don't keep unwinding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjayığıb turamamı? jayığıb turamıma?do I keep unwinding? | senjayığıb turamısa?do you keep unwinding? | oljayığıb turamıdı?does he keep unwinding? | bizjayığıb turabızmı? jayığıb turamıbız?do we keep unwinding? | sizjayığıb turamısız?do you all keep unwinding? | alajayığıb turamıdıla?do they keep unwinding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjayığıb turmaymamı? jayığıb turmaymıma?don't I keep unwinding? | senjayığıb turmaymısa?don't you keep unwinding? | oljayığıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep unwinding? | bizjayığıb turmaybızmı? jayığıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep unwinding? | sizjayığıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep unwinding? | alajayığıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep unwinding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjayığa turamaI am in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa turasayou are in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa turadıhe is in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa turabızwe are in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa turasızyou all are in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa turadılathey are in the middle of unwinding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjayığa turmaymaI am not in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa turmaysayou are not in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of unwinding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjayığa turamamı? jayığa turamıma?am I in the middle of unwinding? | senjayığa turamısa?are you in the middle of unwinding? | oljayığa turamıdı?is he in the middle of unwinding? | bizjayığa turabızmı? jayığa turamıbız?are we in the middle of unwinding? | sizjayığa turamısız?are you all in the middle of unwinding? | alajayığa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of unwinding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjayığa turmaymamı? jayığa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of unwinding? | senjayığa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of unwinding? | oljayığa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of unwinding? | bizjayığa turmaybızmı? jayığa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of unwinding? | sizjayığa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of unwinding? | alajayığa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of unwinding? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayıqdımI unwound | senjayıqdıŋyou unwound | oljayıqdıhe unwound | bizjayıqdıqwe unwound | sizjayıqdığızyou all unwound | alajayıqdılathey unwound |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayıqmadımI didn't unwind | senjayıqmadıŋyou didn't unwind | oljayıqmadıhe didn't unwind | bizjayıqmadıqwe didn't unwind | sizjayıqmadığızyou all didn't unwind | alajayıqmadılathey didn't unwind |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayıqdımmı?did I unwind? | senjayıqdıŋmı?did you unwind? | oljayıqdımı?did he unwind? | bizjayıqdıqmı?did we unwind? | sizjayıqdığızmı?did you all unwind? | alajayıqdılamı?did they unwind? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjayıqmadımmı?didn't I unwind? | senjayıqmadıŋmı?didn't you unwind? | oljayıqmadımı?didn't he unwind? | bizjayıqmadıqmı?didn't we unwind? | sizjayıqmadığızmı?didn't you all unwind? | alajayıqmadılamı?didn't they unwind? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjayıqğanmaI have unwound | senjayıqğansayou have unwound | oljayıqğandıhe has unwound | bizjayıqğanbızwe have unwound | sizjayıqğansızyou all have unwound | alajayıqğandılathey have unwound |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjayıqmağanmaI haven't unwound | senjayıqmağansayou haven't unwound | oljayıqmağandıhe hasn't unwound | bizjayıqmağanbızwe haven't unwound | sizjayıqmağansızyou all haven't unwound | alajayıqmağandılathey haven't unwound |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjayıqğanmamı? jayıqğanmıma?have I unwound? | senjayıqğanmısa?have you unwound? | oljayıqğanmıdı?has he unwound? | bizjayıqğanbızmı? jayıqğanmıbız?have we unwound? | sizjayıqğanmısız?have you all unwound? | alajayıqğanmıdıla?have they unwound? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjayıqmağanmamı? jayıqmağanmıma?haven't I unwound? | senjayıqmağanmısa?haven't you unwound? | oljayıqmağanmıdı?hasn't he unwound? | bizjayıqmağanbızmı? jayıqmağanmıbız?haven't we unwound? | sizjayıqmağanmısız?haven't you all unwound? | alajayıqmağanmıdıla?haven't they unwound? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjayığıb turdumI kept unwinding | senjayığıb turduŋyou kept unwinding | oljayığıb turduhe kept unwinding | bizjayığıb turduqwe kept unwinding | sizjayığıb turduğuzyou all kept unwinding | alajayığıb turdulathey kept unwinding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjayığıb turmadımI didn't keep unwinding | senjayığıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep unwinding | oljayığıb turmadıhe didn't keep unwinding | bizjayığıb turmadıqwe didn't keep unwinding | sizjayığıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep unwinding | alajayığıb turmadılathey didn't keep unwinding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjayığırmaI will unwind | senjayığırsayou will unwind | oljayığırhe will unwind | bizjayığırbızwe will unwind | sizjayığırsızyou all will unwind | alajayığırlathey will unwind |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjayıqmazmaI won't unwind | senjayıqmazsayou won't unwind | oljayıqmazhe won't unwind | bizjayıqmazbızwe won't unwind | sizjayıqmazsızyou all won't unwind | alajayıqmazlathey won't unwind |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjayığırmamı? jayığırmıma?will I unwind? | senjayığırmısa?will you unwind? | oljayığırmı?will he unwind? | bizjayığırbızmı? jayığırmıbız?will we unwind? | sizjayığırmısız?will you all unwind? | alajayığırlamı? jayığırmıla?will they unwind? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjayıqmazmamı? jayıqmazmıma?won't I unwind? | senjayıqmazmısa?won't you unwind? | oljayıqmazmı?won't he unwind? | bizjayıqmazbızmı? jayıqmazmıbız?won't we unwind? | sizjayıqmazmısız?won't you all unwind? | alajayıqmazlamı? jayıqmazmıla?won't they unwind? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjayığırıqmaI am going to unwind | senjayığırıqsayou are going to unwind | oljayığırıqdıhe is going to unwind | bizjayığırıqbızwe are going to unwind | sizjayığırıqsızyou all are going to unwind | alajayığırıqdılathey are going to unwind |
| Definite future (future II) | menjayığırıq tülmeI am not going to unwind | senjayığırıq tülseyou are not going to unwind | oljayığırıq tüldühe is not going to unwind | bizjayığırıq tülbüzwe are not going to unwind | sizjayığırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to unwind | alajayığırıq tüldülethey are not going to unwind |
| Definite future (future II) | menjayığırıqmamı? jayığırıqmıma?am I going to unwind? | senjayığırıqmısa?are you going to unwind? | oljayığırıqmıdı?is he going to unwind? | bizjayığırıqbızmı? jayığırıqmıbız?are we going to unwind? | sizjayığırıqmısız?are you all going to unwind? | alajayığırıqmıdıla?are they going to unwind? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjayığırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to unwind? | senjayığırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to unwind? | oljayığırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to unwind? | bizjayığırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to unwind? | sizjayığırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to unwind? | alajayığırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to unwind? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjayıqğan edimjayıqğanemI had unwound | senjayıqğan ediŋjayıqğaneŋyou had unwound | oljayıqğan edijayıqğanedhe had unwound | bizjayıqğan edikjayıqğanekwe had unwound | sizjayıqğan edigizjayıqğanegizyou all had unwound | alajayıqğan edilejayıqğanellethey had unwound |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjayıqmağan edimjayıqmağanemI hadn't unwound | senjayıqmağan ediŋjayıqmağaneŋyou hadn't unwound | oljayıqmağan edijayıqmağanedhe hadn't unwound | bizjayıqmağan edikjayıqmağanekwe hadn't unwound | sizjayıqmağan edigizjayıqmağanegizyou all hadn't unwound | alajayıqmağan edilejayıqmağanellethey hadn't unwound |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjayığa edimjayığaemI was unwinding | senjayığa ediŋjayığaeŋyou were unwinding | oljayığa edijayığaedhe was unwinding | bizjayığa edikjayığaekwe were unwinding | sizjayığa edigizjayığaegizyou all were unwinding | alajayığa edilejayığaellethey were unwinding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjayıqmay edimjayıqmayemI wasn't unwinding | senjayıqmay ediŋjayıqmayeŋyou weren't unwinding | oljayıqmay edijayıqmayedhe wasn't unwinding | bizjayıqmay edikjayıqmayekwe weren't unwinding | sizjayıqmay edigizjayıqmayegizyou all weren't unwinding | alajayıqmay edilejayıqmayellethey weren't unwinding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjayığıwçan edimjayığıwçanemI used to unwind | senjayığıwçan ediŋjayığıwçaneŋyou used to unwind | oljayığıwçan edijayığıwçanedhe used to unwind | bizjayığıwçan edikjayığıwçanekwe used to unwind | sizjayığıwçan edigizjayığıwçanegizyou all used to unwind | alajayığıwçan edilejayığıwçanellethey used to unwind |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjayıqmawçan edimjayıqmawçanemI didn't use to unwind | senjayıqmawçan ediŋjayıqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to unwind | oljayıqmawçan edijayıqmawçanedhe didn't use to unwind | bizjayıqmawçan edikjayıqmawçanekwe didn't use to unwind | sizjayıqmawçan edigizjayıqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to unwind | alajayıqmawçan edilejayıqmawçanellethey didn't use to unwind |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljayığıb edihe had unwound and remained so | alajayığıb edilethey had unwound and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljayığıb tül edihe hadn't unwound | alajayığıb tül edilethey hadn't unwound | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjayığıb tura edimjayığıb turaemI had kept unwinding | senjayığıb tura ediŋjayığıb turaeŋyou had kept unwinding | oljayığıb tura edijayığıb turaedhe had kept unwinding | bizjayığıb tura edikjayığıb turaekwe had kept unwinding | sizjayığıb tura edigizjayığıb turaegizyou all had kept unwinding | alajayığıb tura edilejayığıb turaellethey had kept unwinding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjayığıb turmay edimjayığıb turmayemI hadn't kept unwinding | senjayığıb turmay ediŋjayığıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept unwinding | oljayığıb turmay edijayığıb turmayedhe hadn't kept unwinding | bizjayığıb turmay edikjayığıb turmayekwe hadn't kept unwinding | sizjayığıb turmay edigizjayığıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept unwinding | alajayığıb turmay edilejayığıb turmayellethey hadn't kept unwinding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjayığa tura edimjayığa turaemI was in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa tura ediŋjayığa turaeŋyou were in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa tura edijayığa turaedhe was in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa tura edikjayığa turaekwe were in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa tura edigizjayığa turaegizyou all were in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa tura edilejayığa turaellethey were in the middle of unwinding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjayığa turmay edimjayığa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa turmay ediŋjayığa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa turmay edijayığa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa turmay edikjayığa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa turmay edigizjayığa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa turmay edilejayığa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of unwinding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjayığır edimjayığır emI would unwind | senjayığır ediŋjayığır eŋyou would unwind | oljayığır edijayığır edhe would unwind | bizjayığır edikjayığır ekwe would unwind | sizjayığır edigizjayığır egizyou all would unwind | alajayığır edilejayığır ellethey would unwind |
| Conditional result (would) | menjayıqmaz edimjayıqmaz emI wouldn't unwind | senjayıqmaz ediŋjayıqmaz eŋyou wouldn't unwind | oljayıqmaz edijayıqmaz edhe wouldn't unwind | bizjayıqmaz edikjayıqmaz ekwe wouldn't unwind | sizjayıqmaz edigizjayıqmaz egizyou all wouldn't unwind | alajayıqmaz edilejayıqmaz ellethey wouldn't unwind |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjayığırıq edimjayığırıq emI would have unwound | senjayığırıq ediŋjayığırıq eŋyou would have unwound | oljayığırıq edijayığırıq edhe would have unwound | bizjayığırıq edikjayığırıq ekwe would have unwound | sizjayığırıq edigizjayığırıq egizyou all would have unwound | alajayığırıq edilejayığırıq ellethey would have unwound |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjayığırıq tül edimjayığırıq tül emI wouldn't have unwound | senjayığırıq tül ediŋjayığırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have unwound | oljayığırıq tül edijayığırıq tül edhe wouldn't have unwound | bizjayığırıq tül edikjayığırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have unwound | sizjayığırıq tül edigizjayığırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have unwound | alajayığırıq tül edilejayığırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have unwound |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjayıqsamif I unwind | senjayıqsaŋif you unwind | oljayıqsaif he unwinds | bizjayıqsaqif we unwind | sizjayıqsağızif you all unwind | alajayıqsalaif they unwind |
| Conditional | menjayıqmasamif I don't unwind | senjayıqmasaŋif you don't unwind | oljayıqmasaif he doesn't unwind | bizjayıqmasaqif we don't unwind | sizjayıqmasağızif you all don't unwind | alajayıqmasalaif they don't unwind |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjayığa esemif I am unwinding | senjayığa eseŋif you are unwinding | oljayığa eseif he is unwinding | bizjayığa esekif we are unwinding | sizjayığa esegizif you all are unwinding | alajayığa eseleif they are unwinding |
| Conditional, present real | menjayıqmay esemif I am not unwinding | senjayıqmay eseŋif you are not unwinding | oljayıqmay eseif he is not unwinding | bizjayıqmay esekif we are not unwinding | sizjayıqmay esegizif you all are not unwinding | alajayıqmay eseleif they are not unwinding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjayıqsam edijayıqsam edif only I unwound | senjayıqsaŋ edijayıqsaŋ edif only you unwound | oljayıqsa edijayıqsaedif only he unwound | bizjayıqsaq edijayıqsaq edif only we unwound | sizjayıqsağız edijayıqsağız edif only you all unwound | alajayıqsala edijayıqsalaedif only they unwound |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjayıqmasam edijayıqmasam edif only I didn't unwind | senjayıqmasaŋ edijayıqmasaŋ edif only you didn't unwind | oljayıqmasa edijayıqmasaedif only he didn't unwind | bizjayıqmasaq edijayıqmasaq edif only we didn't unwind | sizjayıqmasağız edijayıqmasağız edif only you all didn't unwind | alajayıqmasala edijayıqmasalaedif only they didn't unwind |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjayığıb tursamif I carry on unwinding | senjayığıb tursaŋif you carry on unwinding | oljayığıb tursaif he carries on unwinding | bizjayığıb tursaqif we carry on unwinding | sizjayığıb tursağızif you all carry on unwinding | alajayığıb tursalaif they carry on unwinding |
| Durative conditional | menjayığıb turmasamif I don't carry on unwinding | senjayığıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on unwinding | oljayığıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on unwinding | bizjayığıb turmasaqif we don't carry on unwinding | sizjayığıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on unwinding | alajayığıb turmasalaif they don't carry on unwinding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjayığıb tura esemif I have kept unwinding | senjayığıb tura eseŋif you have kept unwinding | oljayığıb tura eseif he has kept unwinding | bizjayığıb tura esekif we have kept unwinding | sizjayığıb tura esegizif you all have kept unwinding | alajayığıb tura eseleif they have kept unwinding |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjayığıb turmay esemif I haven't kept unwinding | senjayığıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept unwinding | oljayığıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept unwinding | bizjayığıb turmay esekif we haven't kept unwinding | sizjayığıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept unwinding | alajayığıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept unwinding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjayığa tursamif I keep unwinding | senjayığa tursaŋif you keep unwinding | oljayığa tursaif he keeps unwinding | bizjayığa tursaqif we keep unwinding | sizjayığa tursağızif you all keep unwinding | alajayığa tursalaif they keep unwinding |
| Progressive conditional | menjayıqmay tursamif I keep on not unwinding | senjayıqmay tursaŋif you keep on not unwinding | oljayıqmay tursaif he keeps on not unwinding | bizjayıqmay tursaqif we keep on not unwinding | sizjayıqmay tursağızif you all keep on not unwinding | alajayıqmay tursalaif they keep on not unwinding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjayığa tura esemif I am in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa tura eseif he is in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa tura esekif we are in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa tura eseleif they are in the middle of unwinding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjayıqmay tura esemif I keep on not unwinding | senjayıqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not unwinding | oljayıqmay tura eseif he keeps on not unwinding | bizjayıqmay tura esekif we keep on not unwinding | sizjayıqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not unwinding | alajayıqmay tura eseleif they keep on not unwinding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjayıqdım esemif I unwound | senjayıqdıŋ eseŋif you unwound | oljayıqdı eseif he unwound | bizjayıqdıq esekif we unwound | sizjayıqdığız esegizif you all unwound | alajayıqdıla eseleif they unwound |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjayıqmadım esemif I didn't unwind | senjayıqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't unwind | oljayıqmadı eseif he didn't unwind | bizjayıqmadıq esekif we didn't unwind | sizjayıqmadığız esegizif you all didn't unwind | alajayıqmadıla eseleif they didn't unwind |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjayıqğan esemif I did unwind (indeed) | senjayıqğan eseŋif you did unwind (indeed) | oljayıqğan eseif he did unwind (indeed) | bizjayıqğan esekif we did unwind (indeed) | sizjayıqğan esegizif you all did unwind (indeed) | alajayıqğan eseleif they did unwind (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjayıqmağan esemif I didn't unwind (indeed) | senjayıqmağan eseŋif you didn't unwind (indeed) | oljayıqmağan eseif he didn't unwind (indeed) | bizjayıqmağan esekif we didn't unwind (indeed) | sizjayıqmağan esegizif you all didn't unwind (indeed) | alajayıqmağan eseleif they didn't unwind (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjayıqğan bolsamif I had unwound | senjayıqğan bolsaŋif you had unwound | oljayıqğan bolsaif he had unwound | bizjayıqğan bolsaqif we had unwound | sizjayıqğan bolsağızif you all had unwound | alajayıqğan bolsalaif they had unwound |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjayıqmağan bolsamif I hadn't unwound | senjayıqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't unwound | oljayıqmağan bolsaif he hadn't unwound | bizjayıqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't unwound | sizjayıqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't unwound | alajayıqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't unwound |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjayıqğan bolsam edijayıqğan bolsam edif only I had unwound | senjayıqğan bolsaŋ edijayıqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had unwound | oljayıqğan bolsa edijayıqğan bolsaedif only he had unwound | bizjayıqğan bolsaq edijayıqğan bolsaq edif only we had unwound | sizjayıqğan bolsağız edijayıqğan bolsağız edif only you all had unwound | alajayıqğan bolsala edijayıqğan bolsalaedif only they had unwound |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjayıqmağan bolsam edijayıqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't unwound | senjayıqmağan bolsaŋ edijayıqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't unwound | oljayıqmağan bolsa edijayıqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't unwound | bizjayıqmağan bolsaq edijayıqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't unwound | sizjayıqmağan bolsağız edijayıqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't unwound | alajayıqmağan bolsala edijayıqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't unwound |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjayığır esemif I will unwind | senjayığır eseŋif you will unwind | oljayığır eseif he will unwind | bizjayığır esekif we will unwind | sizjayığır esegizif you all will unwind | alajayığır eseleif they will unwind |
| Conditional, aorist | menjayıqmaz esemif I won't unwind | senjayıqmaz eseŋif you won't unwind | oljayıqmaz eseif he won't unwind | bizjayıqmaz esekif we won't unwind | sizjayıqmaz esegizif you all won't unwind | alajayıqmaz eseleif they won't unwind |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjayığırıq esemif I am going to unwind | senjayığırıq eseŋif you are going to unwind | oljayığırıq eseif he is going to unwind | bizjayığırıq esekif we are going to unwind | sizjayığırıq esegizif you all are going to unwind | alajayığırıq eseleif they are going to unwind |
| Conditional, future | menjayığırıq tül esemif I am not going to unwind | senjayığırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to unwind | oljayığırıq tül eseif he is not going to unwind | bizjayığırıq tül esekif we are not going to unwind | sizjayığırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to unwind | alajayığırıq tül eseleif they are not going to unwind |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjayığırıq bolsamif I were going to unwind | senjayığırıq bolsaŋif you were going to unwind | oljayığırıq bolsaif he were going to unwind | bizjayığırıq bolsaqif we were going to unwind | sizjayığırıq bolsağızif you all were going to unwind | alajayığırıq bolsalaif they were going to unwind |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjayıqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to unwind | senjayıqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to unwind | oljayıqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to unwind | bizjayıqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to unwind | sizjayıqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to unwind | alajayıqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to unwind |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jayıqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjayığa bolurmaI must be unwinding | senjayığa bolursayou must be unwinding | oljayığa bolurhe must be unwinding | bizjayığa bolurbuzwe must be unwinding | sizjayığa bolursuzyou all must be unwinding | alajayığa bolurlathey must be unwinding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjayıqmay bolurmaI must not be unwinding | senjayıqmay bolursayou must not be unwinding | oljayıqmay bolurhe must not be unwinding | bizjayıqmay bolurbuzwe must not be unwinding | sizjayıqmay bolursuzyou all must not be unwinding | alajayıqmay bolurlathey must not be unwinding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjayığa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of unwinding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjayıqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not unwinding | senjayıqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not unwinding | oljayıqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not unwinding | bizjayıqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not unwinding | sizjayıqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not unwinding | alajayıqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not unwinding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjayıqğan bolurmaI must have unwound | senjayıqğan bolursayou must have unwound | oljayıqğan bolurhe must have unwound | bizjayıqğan bolurbuzwe must have unwound | sizjayıqğan bolursuzyou all must have unwound | alajayıqğan bolurlathey must have unwound |
| Inference (must have) | menjayıqmağan bolurmaI must not have unwound | senjayıqmağan bolursayou must not have unwound | oljayıqmağan bolurhe must not have unwound | bizjayıqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have unwound | sizjayıqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have unwound | alajayıqmağan bolurlathey must not have unwound |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjayığırıq bolurmaI must be going to unwind | senjayığırıq bolursayou must be going to unwind | oljayığırıq bolurhe must be going to unwind | bizjayığırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to unwind | sizjayığırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to unwind | alajayığırıq bolurlathey must be going to unwind |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjayıqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to unwind | senjayıqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to unwind | oljayıqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to unwind | bizjayıqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to unwind | sizjayıqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to unwind | alajayıqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to unwind |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjayığayımlet me unwind | senjayıq!unwind! | oljayıqsınlet him unwind | bizjayığayıqlet's unwind | sizjayığığız!unwind, you all! | alajayıqsınlalet them unwind |
| Commands & suggestions | menjayıqmayımlet me not unwind | senjayıqma!don't unwind! | oljayıqmasınlet him not unwind | bizjayıqmayıqlet's not unwind | sizjayıqmağız!don't unwind, you all! | alajayıqmasınlalet them not unwind |
| Commands & suggestions | menjayığayımmı?shall I unwind? | oljayıqsınmı?should he unwind? | bizjayığayıqmı?shall we unwind? | alajayıqsınlamı?should they unwind? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjayıqmayımmı?shall I not unwind? | oljayıqmasınmı?should he not unwind? | bizjayıqmayıqmı?shall we not unwind? | alajayıqmasınlamı?should they not unwind? | ||
| Requests | senjayıqçı2jayıqçınplease unwind | oljayıqsınçıdo let him unwind | sizjayıqçığızplease unwind (plural/polite) | alajayıqsınlaçıdo let them unwind | ||
| Requests | senjayıqmaçı2jayıqmaçınplease don't unwind | oljayıqmasınçıdo let him not unwind | sizjayıqmaçığızplease don't unwind (plural/polite) | alajayıqmasınlaçıdo let them not unwind | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjayıqğınjayıqğımay you unwind | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjayıqmağınjayıqmağımay you not unwind | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjayıqğay edim jayıqğa edimwould that I unwound | senjayıqğay ediŋ jayıqğa ediŋwould that you unwound | oljayıqğay edi jayıqğa ediwould that he unwound | bizjayıqğay edik jayıqğa edikwould that we unwound | sizjayıqğay edigiz jayıqğa edigizwould that you all unwound | alajayıqğay edile jayıqğa edilewould that they unwound |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjayıqmağay edim jayıqmağa edimwould that I did not unwind | senjayıqmağay ediŋ jayıqmağa ediŋwould that you did not unwind | oljayıqmağay edi jayıqmağa ediwould that he did not unwind | bizjayıqmağay edik jayıqmağa edikwould that we did not unwind | sizjayıqmağay edigiz jayıqmağa edigizwould that you all did not unwind | alajayıqmağay edile jayıqmağa edilewould that they did not unwind |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjayıqmağa qoyayımjayıqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoy!jayıqma qoy!let someone unwind! | oljayıqmağa qoysunjayıqma qoysunlet him allow someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoyayıqjayıqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoyuğuz!jayıqma qoyuğuz!let someone unwind, you all! | alajayıqmağa qoysunlajayıqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjayıqmağa qoymayımjayıqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoyma!jayıqma qoyma!don't let someone unwind! | oljayıqmağa qoymasınjayıqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoymayıqjayıqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoymağız!jayıqma qoymağız!don't let someone unwind, you all! | alajayıqmağa qoymasınlajayıqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjayıqmağa qoyayımmı?jayıqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoysunmu?jayıqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoyayıqmı?jayıqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoysunlamı?jayıqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to unwind? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjayıqmağa qoymayımmı?jayıqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoymasınmı?jayıqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoymayıqmı?jayıqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoymasınlamı?jayıqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to unwind? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjayıqmağa qoyamajayıqma qoyamaI allow someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoyasajayıqma qoyasayou allow someone to unwind | oljayıqmağa qoyadıjayıqma qoyadıhe allows someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoyabızjayıqma qoyabızwe allow someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoyasızjayıqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to unwind | alajayıqmağa qoyadılajayıqma qoyadılathey allow someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (present) | menjayıqmağa qoymaymajayıqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoymaysajayıqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to unwind | oljayıqmağa qoymaydıjayıqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoymaybızjayıqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoymaysızjayıqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to unwind | alajayıqmağa qoymaydılajayıqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (present) | menjayıqmağa qoyamamı?jayıqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to unwind? | senjayıqmağa qoyamısa?jayıqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoyamıdı?jayıqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoyabızmı?jayıqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to unwind? | sizjayıqmağa qoyamısız?jayıqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoyamıdıla?jayıqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to unwind? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjayıqmağa qoymaymamı?jayıqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to unwind? | senjayıqmağa qoymaymısa?jayıqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoymaymıdı?jayıqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoymaybızmı?jayıqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to unwind? | sizjayıqmağa qoymaymısız?jayıqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoymaymıdıla?jayıqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to unwind? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjayıqmağa qoydumjayıqma qoydumI allowed someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoyduŋjayıqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to unwind | oljayıqmağa qoydujayıqma qoyduhe allowed someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoyduqjayıqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoyduğuzjayıqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to unwind | alajayıqmağa qoydulajayıqma qoydulathey allowed someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (past) | menjayıqmağa qoymadımjayıqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to unwind | senjayıqmağa qoymadıŋjayıqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to unwind | oljayıqmağa qoymadıjayıqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to unwind | bizjayıqmağa qoymadıqjayıqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to unwind | sizjayıqmağa qoymadığızjayıqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to unwind | alajayıqmağa qoymadılajayıqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to unwind |
| Let someone… (past) | menjayıqmağa qoydummu?jayıqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to unwind? | senjayıqmağa qoyduŋmu?jayıqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoydumu?jayıqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoyduqmu?jayıqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to unwind? | sizjayıqmağa qoyduğuzmu?jayıqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoydulamı?jayıqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to unwind? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjayıqmağa qoymadımmı?jayıqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to unwind? | senjayıqmağa qoymadıŋmı?jayıqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to unwind? | oljayıqmağa qoymadımı?jayıqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to unwind? | bizjayıqmağa qoymadıqmı?jayıqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to unwind? | sizjayıqmağa qoymadığızmı?jayıqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to unwind? | alajayıqmağa qoymadılamı?jayıqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to unwind? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jayığalırğa be able to unwind · jayığalmazğa be unable to unwind
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjayığalamaI can unwind | senjayığalasayou can unwind | oljayığaladıhe can unwind | bizjayığalabızwe can unwind | sizjayığalasızyou all can unwind | alajayığaladılathey can unwind |
| Ability — present | menjayığalmaymaI can't unwind | senjayığalmaysayou can't unwind | oljayığalmaydıhe can't unwind | bizjayığalmaybızwe can't unwind | sizjayığalmaysızyou all can't unwind | alajayığalmaydılathey can't unwind |
| Ability — present | menjayığalamamı? jayığalamıma?can I unwind? | senjayığalamısa?can you unwind? | oljayığalamıdı?can he unwind? | bizjayığalabızmı? jayığalamıbız?can we unwind? | sizjayığalamısız?can you all unwind? | alajayığalamıdıla?can they unwind? |
| Ability — present | menjayığalmaymamı? jayığalmaymıma?can't I unwind? | senjayığalmaymısa?can't you unwind? | oljayığalmaymıdı?can't he unwind? | bizjayığalmaybızmı? jayığalmaymıbız?can't we unwind? | sizjayığalmaymısız?can't you all unwind? | alajayığalmaymıdıla?can't they unwind? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjayığalsamif I can unwind | senjayığalsaŋif you can unwind | oljayığalsaif he can unwind | bizjayığalsaqif we can unwind | sizjayığalsağızif you all can unwind | alajayığalsalaif they can unwind |
| Ability — if I can… | menjayığalmasamif I can't unwind | senjayığalmasaŋif you can't unwind | oljayığalmasaif he can't unwind | bizjayığalmasaqif we can't unwind | sizjayığalmasağızif you all can't unwind | alajayığalmasalaif they can't unwind |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjayığaldımI was able to unwind | senjayığaldıŋyou were able to unwind | oljayığaldıhe was able to unwind | bizjayığaldıqwe were able to unwind | sizjayığaldığızyou all were able to unwind | alajayığaldılathey were able to unwind |
| Ability — simple past | menjayığalmadımI could not unwind | senjayığalmadıŋyou could not unwind | oljayığalmadıhe could not unwind | bizjayığalmadıqwe could not unwind | sizjayığalmadığızyou all could not unwind | alajayığalmadılathey could not unwind |
| Ability — simple past | menjayığaldımmı?was I able to unwind? | senjayığaldıŋmı?were you able to unwind? | oljayığaldımı?was he able to unwind? | bizjayığaldıqmı?were we able to unwind? | sizjayığaldığızmı?were you all able to unwind? | alajayığaldılamı?were they able to unwind? |
| Ability — simple past | menjayığalmadımmı?couldn't I unwind? | senjayığalmadıŋmı?couldn't you unwind? | oljayığalmadımı?couldn't he unwind? | bizjayığalmadıqmı?couldn't we unwind? | sizjayığalmadığızmı?couldn't you all unwind? | alajayığalmadılamı?couldn't they unwind? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjayığalğanmaI have been able to unwind | senjayığalğansayou have been able to unwind | oljayığalğandıhe has been able to unwind | bizjayığalğanbızwe have been able to unwind | sizjayığalğansızyou all have been able to unwind | alajayığalğandılathey have been able to unwind |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjayığalmağanmaI haven't been able to unwind | senjayığalmağansayou haven't been able to unwind | oljayığalmağandıhe hasn't been able to unwind | bizjayığalmağanbızwe haven't been able to unwind | sizjayığalmağansızyou all haven't been able to unwind | alajayığalmağandılathey haven't been able to unwind |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjayığalğanmamı? jayığalğanmıma?have I been able to unwind? | senjayığalğanmısa?have you been able to unwind? | oljayığalğanmıdı?has he been able to unwind? | bizjayığalğanbızmı? jayığalğanmıbız?have we been able to unwind? | sizjayığalğanmısız?have you all been able to unwind? | alajayığalğanmıdıla?have they been able to unwind? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjayığalmağanmamı? jayığalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to unwind? | senjayığalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to unwind? | oljayığalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to unwind? | bizjayığalmağanbızmı? jayığalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to unwind? | sizjayığalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to unwind? | alajayığalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to unwind? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjayığalğan edimjayığalğanemI had been able to unwind | senjayığalğan ediŋjayığalğaneŋyou had been able to unwind | oljayığalğan edijayığalğanedhe had been able to unwind | bizjayığalğan edikjayığalğanekwe had been able to unwind | sizjayığalğan edigizjayığalğanegizyou all had been able to unwind | alajayığalğan edilejayığalğanellethey had been able to unwind |
| Ability — past perfect | menjayığalmağan edimjayığalmağanemI hadn't been able to unwind | senjayığalmağan ediŋjayığalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to unwind | oljayığalmağan edijayığalmağanedhe hadn't been able to unwind | bizjayığalmağan edikjayığalmağanekwe hadn't been able to unwind | sizjayığalmağan edigizjayığalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to unwind | alajayığalmağan edilejayığalmağanellethey hadn't been able to unwind |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjayığala edimjayığalaemI could unwind | senjayığala ediŋjayığalaeŋyou could unwind | oljayığala edijayığalaedhe could unwind | bizjayığala edikjayığalaekwe could unwind | sizjayığala edigizjayığalaegizyou all could unwind | alajayığala edilejayığalaellethey could unwind |
| Ability — past background | menjayığalmay edimjayığalmayemI could not unwind | senjayığalmay ediŋjayığalmayeŋyou could not unwind | oljayığalmay edijayığalmayedhe could not unwind | bizjayığalmay edikjayığalmayekwe could not unwind | sizjayığalmay edigizjayığalmayegizyou all could not unwind | alajayığalmay edilejayığalmayellethey could not unwind |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjayığalırmaI will be able to unwind | senjayığalırsayou will be able to unwind | oljayığalırhe will be able to unwind | bizjayığalırbızwe will be able to unwind | sizjayığalırsızyou all will be able to unwind | alajayığalırlathey will be able to unwind |
| Ability — future I | menjayığalmazmaI won't be able to unwind | senjayığalmazsayou won't be able to unwind | oljayığalmazhe won't be able to unwind | bizjayığalmazbızwe won't be able to unwind | sizjayığalmazsızyou all won't be able to unwind | alajayığalmazlathey won't be able to unwind |
| Ability — future I | menjayığalırmamı? jayığalırmıma?will I be able to unwind? | senjayığalırmısa?will you be able to unwind? | oljayığalırmı?will he be able to unwind? | bizjayığalırbızmı? jayığalırmıbız?will we be able to unwind? | sizjayığalırmısız?will you all be able to unwind? | alajayığalırlamı? jayığalırmıla?will they be able to unwind? |
| Ability — future I | menjayığalmazmamı? jayığalmazmıma?won't I be able to unwind? | senjayığalmazmısa?won't you be able to unwind? | oljayığalmazmı?won't he be able to unwind? | bizjayığalmazbızmı? jayığalmazmıbız?won't we be able to unwind? | sizjayığalmazmısız?won't you all be able to unwind? | alajayığalmazlamı? jayığalmazmıla?won't they be able to unwind? |
| Ability — future II | menjayığallıqmaI am going to be able to unwind | senjayığallıqsayou are going to be able to unwind | oljayığallıqdıhe is going to be able to unwind | bizjayığallıqbızwe are going to be able to unwind | sizjayığallıqsızyou all are going to be able to unwind | alajayığallıqdılathey are going to be able to unwind |
| Ability — future II | menjayığallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to unwind | senjayığallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to unwind | oljayığallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to unwind | bizjayığallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to unwind | sizjayığallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to unwind | alajayığallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to unwind |
| Ability — future II | menjayığallıqmamı? jayığallıqmıma?am I going to be able to unwind? | senjayığallıqmısa?are you going to be able to unwind? | oljayığallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to unwind? | bizjayığallıqbızmı? jayığallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to unwind? | sizjayığallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to unwind? | alajayığallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to unwind? |
| Ability — future II | menjayığallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to unwind? | senjayığallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to unwind? | oljayığallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to unwind? | bizjayığallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to unwind? | sizjayığallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to unwind? | alajayığallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to unwind? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjayığalır edimjayığalır emI would be able to unwind | senjayığalır ediŋjayığalır eŋyou would be able to unwind | oljayığalır edijayığalır edhe would be able to unwind | bizjayığalır edikjayığalır ekwe would be able to unwind | sizjayığalır edigizjayığalır egizyou all would be able to unwind | alajayığalır edilejayığalır ellethey would be able to unwind |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjayığalmaz edimjayığalmaz emI wouldn't be able to unwind | senjayığalmaz ediŋjayığalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to unwind | oljayığalmaz edijayığalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to unwind | bizjayığalmaz edikjayığalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to unwind | sizjayığalmaz edigizjayığalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to unwind | alajayığalmaz edilejayığalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to unwind |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjayığalğınjayığalğımay you be able to unwind | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjayığalmağınjayığalmağımay you not be able to unwind | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjayığırğa izleymeI want to unwind | senjayığırğa izleyseyou want to unwind | oljayığırğa izleydihe wants to unwind | bizjayığırğa izleybizwe want to unwind | sizjayığırğa izleysizyou all want to unwind | alajayığırğa izleydilethey want to unwind |
| want to | menjayığırğa izlemeymeI do not want to unwind | senjayığırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to unwind | oljayığırğa izlemeydihe does not want to unwind | bizjayığırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to unwind | sizjayığırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to unwind | alajayığırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to unwind |
| would like to | menjayığırğa süemeI would like to unwind | senjayığırğa süeseyou would like to unwind | oljayığırğa süedihe would like to unwind | bizjayığırğa süebizwe would like to unwind | sizjayığırğa süesizyou all would like to unwind | alajayığırğa süedilethey would like to unwind |
| would like to | menjayığırğa süymeymeI would not like to unwind | senjayığırğa süymeyseyou would not like to unwind | oljayığırğa süymeydihe would not like to unwind | bizjayığırğa süymeybizwe would not like to unwind | sizjayığırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to unwind | alajayığırğa süymeydilethey would not like to unwind |
| hope to | menjayığırğa umutlanamaI hope to unwind | senjayığırğa umutlanasayou hope to unwind | oljayığırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to unwind | bizjayığırğa umutlanabızwe hope to unwind | sizjayığırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to unwind | alajayığırğa umutlanadılathey hope to unwind |
| hope to | menjayığırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to unwind | senjayığırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to unwind | oljayığırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to unwind | bizjayığırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to unwind | sizjayığırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to unwind | alajayığırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to unwind |
| be about to | menjayığırğa deb turamaI am about to unwind | senjayığırğa deb turasayou are about to unwind | oljayığırğa deb turadıhe is about to unwind | bizjayığırğa deb turabızwe are about to unwind | sizjayığırğa deb turasızyou all are about to unwind | alajayığırğa deb turadılathey are about to unwind |
| be about to | menjayığırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to unwind | senjayığırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to unwind | oljayığırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to unwind | bizjayığırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to unwind | sizjayığırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to unwind | alajayığırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to unwind |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjayığırğa kerekmeI need to unwind | senjayığırğa kerekseyou need to unwind | oljayığırğa kerekdihe needs to unwind | bizjayığırğa kerekbizwe need to unwind | sizjayığırğa kereksizyou all need to unwind | alajayığırğa kerekdilethey need to unwind |
| need to | menjayığırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to unwind | senjayığırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to unwind | oljayığırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to unwind | bizjayığırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to unwind | sizjayığırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to unwind | alajayığırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to unwind |
| have to | menmenŋe jayığırğa tüşediI have to unwind | sensenŋe jayığırğa tüşediyou have to unwind | olaŋa jayığırğa tüşedihe has to unwind | bizbizge jayığırğa tüşediwe have to unwind | sizsizge jayığırğa tüşediyou all have to unwind | alaalağa jayığırğa tüşedithey have to unwind |
| have to | menmenŋe jayığırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to unwind | sensenŋe jayığırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to unwind | olaŋa jayığırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to unwind | bizbizge jayığırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to unwind | sizsizge jayığırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to unwind | alaalağa jayığırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to unwind |
| be obliged to | menjayığırğa borçlumaI am obliged to unwind | senjayığırğa borçlusayou are obliged to unwind | oljayığırğa borçluduhe is obliged to unwind | bizjayığırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to unwind | sizjayığırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to unwind | alajayığırğa borçludulathey are obliged to unwind |
| be obliged to | menjayığırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to unwind | senjayığırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to unwind | oljayığırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to unwind | bizjayığırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to unwind | sizjayığırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to unwind | alajayığırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to unwind |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjayığırğa madarım bardıI have a way to unwind | senjayığırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to unwind | oljayığırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to unwind | bizjayığırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to unwind | sizjayığırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to unwind | alajayığırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to unwind |
| have a way to | menjayığırğa madarım joqduI have no way to unwind | senjayığırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to unwind | oljayığırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to unwind | bizjayığırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to unwind | sizjayığırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to unwind | alajayığırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to unwind |
| be free to | menjayığırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to unwind | senjayığırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to unwind | oljayığırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to unwind | bizjayığırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to unwind | sizjayığırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to unwind | alajayığırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to unwind |
| be free to | menjayığırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to unwind | senjayığırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to unwind | oljayığırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to unwind | bizjayığırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to unwind | sizjayığırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to unwind | alajayığırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to unwind |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to unwind | sensenŋe jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to unwind | olaŋa jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to unwind | bizbizge jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to unwind | sizsizge jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to unwind | alaalağa jayığırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to unwind |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to unwind | sensenŋe jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to unwind | olaŋa jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to unwind | bizbizge jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to unwind | sizsizge jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to unwind | alaalağa jayığırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to unwind |
| be ready to | menjayığırğa hazırmaI am ready to unwind | senjayığırğa hazırsayou are ready to unwind | oljayığırğa hazırdıhe is ready to unwind | bizjayığırğa hazırbızwe are ready to unwind | sizjayığırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to unwind | alajayığırğa hazırdılathey are ready to unwind |
| be ready to | menjayığırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to unwind | senjayığırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to unwind | oljayığırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to unwind | bizjayığırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to unwind | sizjayığırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to unwind | alajayığırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to unwind |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjayığırğa küreşemeI am trying to unwind | senjayığırğa küreşeseyou are trying to unwind | oljayığırğa küreşedihe is trying to unwind | bizjayığırğa küreşebizwe are trying to unwind | sizjayığırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to unwind | alajayığırğa küreşedilethey are trying to unwind |
| try to | menjayığırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to unwind | senjayığırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to unwind | oljayığırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to unwind | bizjayığırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to unwind | sizjayığırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to unwind | alajayığırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to unwind |
| agree to | menjayığırğa unaymaI agree to unwind | senjayığırğa unaysayou agree to unwind | oljayığırğa unaydıhe agrees to unwind | bizjayığırğa unaybızwe agree to unwind | sizjayığırğa unaysızyou all agree to unwind | alajayığırğa unaydılathey agree to unwind |
| agree to | menjayığırğa unamaymaI refuse to unwind | senjayığırğa unamaysayou refuse to unwind | oljayığırğa unamaydıhe refuses to unwind | bizjayığırğa unamaybızwe refuse to unwind | sizjayığırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to unwind | alajayığırğa unamaydılathey refuse to unwind |
| hurry to | menjayığırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to unwind | senjayığırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to unwind | oljayığırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to unwind | bizjayığırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to unwind | sizjayığırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to unwind | alajayığırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to unwind |
| hurry to | menjayığırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to unwind | senjayığırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to unwind | oljayığırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to unwind | bizjayığırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to unwind | sizjayığırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to unwind | alajayığırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to unwind |
| be afraid to | menjayığırğa qorqamaI am afraid to unwind | senjayığırğa qorqasayou are afraid to unwind | oljayığırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to unwind | bizjayığırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to unwind | sizjayığırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to unwind | alajayığırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to unwind |
| be afraid to | menjayığırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to unwind | senjayığırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to unwind | oljayığırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to unwind | bizjayığırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to unwind | sizjayığırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to unwind | alajayığırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to unwind |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjayığa bolmazmaI can't be unwinding | senjayığa bolmazsayou can't be unwinding | oljayığa bolmazhe can't be unwinding | bizjayığa bolmazbızwe can't be unwinding | sizjayığa bolmazsızyou all can't be unwinding | alajayığa bolmazlathey can't be unwinding |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjayıqmay bolmazmaI must be unwinding (emphatic) | senjayıqmay bolmazsayou must be unwinding (emphatic) | oljayıqmay bolmazhe must be unwinding (emphatic) | bizjayıqmay bolmazbızwe must be unwinding (emphatic) | sizjayıqmay bolmazsızyou all must be unwinding (emphatic) | alajayıqmay bolmazlathey must be unwinding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjayığa turmasamif I don't keep unwinding | senjayığa turmasaŋif you don't keep unwinding | oljayığa turmasaif he doesn't keep unwinding | bizjayığa turmasaqif we don't keep unwinding | sizjayığa turmasağızif you all don't keep unwinding | alajayığa turmasalaif they don't keep unwinding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjayığa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of unwinding | senjayığa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of unwinding | oljayığa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of unwinding | bizjayığa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of unwinding | sizjayığa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of unwinding | alajayığa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of unwinding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjayıqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) | senjayıqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) | oljayıqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) | bizjayıqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) | sizjayıqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) | alajayıqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not unwinding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjayıqmay turamaI keep on not unwinding | senjayıqmay turasayou keep on not unwinding | oljayıqmay turadıhe keeps on not unwinding | bizjayıqmay turabızwe keep on not unwinding | sizjayıqmay turasızyou all keep on not unwinding | alajayıqmay turadılathey keep on not unwinding |
| Progressive — double negation | menjayıqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not unwinding | senjayıqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not unwinding | oljayıqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not unwinding | bizjayıqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not unwinding | sizjayıqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not unwinding | alajayıqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not unwinding |
| Progressive — double negation | menjayıqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not unwinding? | senjayıqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not unwinding? | oljayıqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not unwinding? | bizjayıqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not unwinding? | sizjayıqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not unwinding? | alajayıqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not unwinding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjayıqğan bolmazmaI can't have unwound | senjayıqğan bolmazsayou can't have unwound | oljayıqğan bolmazhe can't have unwound | bizjayıqğan bolmazbızwe can't have unwound | sizjayıqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have unwound | alajayıqğan bolmazlathey can't have unwound |
| Inference — double negation | menjayıqmağan bolmazmaI must have unwound (emphatic) | senjayıqmağan bolmazsayou must have unwound (emphatic) | oljayıqmağan bolmazhe must have unwound (emphatic) | bizjayıqmağan bolmazbızwe must have unwound (emphatic) | sizjayıqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have unwound (emphatic) | alajayıqmağan bolmazlathey must have unwound (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjayıqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had unwound | senjayıqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had unwound | oljayıqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had unwound | bizjayıqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had unwound | sizjayıqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had unwound | alajayıqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had unwound |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjayıqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't unwound | senjayıqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't unwound | oljayıqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't unwound | bizjayıqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't unwound | sizjayıqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't unwound | alajayıqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't unwound |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjayığırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to unwind | senjayığırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to unwind | oljayığırıq bolmazhe can't be going to unwind | bizjayığırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to unwind | sizjayığırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to unwind | alajayığırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to unwind |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjayıqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to unwind (emphatic) | senjayıqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to unwind (emphatic) | oljayıqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to unwind (emphatic) | bizjayıqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to unwind (emphatic) | sizjayıqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to unwind (emphatic) | alajayıqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to unwind (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjayığırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to unwind | senjayığırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to unwind | oljayığırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to unwind | bizjayığırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to unwind | sizjayığırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to unwind | alajayığırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to unwind |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjayıqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to unwind | senjayıqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to unwind | oljayıqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to unwind | bizjayıqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to unwind | sizjayıqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to unwind | alajayıqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to unwind |