jawarğa
/dʒawarʁa/
1. fall, come down — Said of rain, snow or hail: qar jawğandı snow has fallen.
- jaŋur jawadı — the rain is falling
- qar jawadı — snow is falling
- keçe qar jawğandı — snow fell in the night
- tambla qar jawar — snow will fall tomorrow
- jawğan qar eridi — the snow that fell has melted
2. rain, snow — Used impersonally, without a subject: ertdenli jawadı it has been raining since morning.
- ertdenli jawadı — it has been raining since morning
- jawarğa aylanadı — it is about to rain
- bügün jawmadı — it did not rain today
- jawmay qalsa ua — and if it does not rain
3. pour down, rain down — Said of bullets, shells, stones and the like coming down in large numbers. one source
- taşla jawa başladıla — stones began pouring down
- oqla jawa edile — bullets were pouring down
- oqla jawa turğanlay — while bullets are pouring down
Expressions
- ay üyüŋe altın jawğan — bless you
- buhçaqdan barğança jawarğa — pour down
- buz jawğança — thick and fast
- çelekden quyğanlay jawarğa — pour down
Conjugation
Common forms
- jawadıhe is falling
- jawduhe fell
- jawğandıhe has fallen
- jawarhe will fall
- jawarıqdıhe is going to fall
- jawa edihe was falling
- jawsaif he falls
- jaw!fall!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjawamaI am falling | senjawasayou are falling | oljawadıhe is falling | bizjawabızwe are falling | sizjawasızyou all are falling | alajawadılathey are falling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjawmaymaI am not falling | senjawmaysayou are not falling | oljawmaydıhe is not falling | bizjawmaybızwe are not falling | sizjawmaysızyou all are not falling | alajawmaydılathey are not falling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjawamamı? jawamıma?am I falling? | senjawamısa?are you falling? | oljawamıdı?is he falling? | bizjawabızmı? jawamıbız?are we falling? | sizjawamısız?are you all falling? | alajawamıdıla?are they falling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjawmaymamı? jawmaymıma?aren't I falling? | senjawmaymısa?aren't you falling? | oljawmaymıdı?isn't he falling? | bizjawmaybızmı? jawmaymıbız?aren't we falling? | sizjawmaymısız?aren't you all falling? | alajawmaymıdıla?aren't they falling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjawwçanmaI usually fall | senjawwçansayou usually fall | oljawwçandıhe usually falls | bizjawwçanbızwe usually fall | sizjawwçansızyou all usually fall | alajawwçandılathey usually fall |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjawmawçanmaI usually don't fall | senjawmawçansayou usually don't fall | oljawmawçandıhe usually doesn't fall | bizjawmawçanbızwe usually don't fall | sizjawmawçansızyou all usually don't fall | alajawmawçandılathey usually don't fall |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjawwçanmamı? jawwçanmıma?do I usually fall? | senjawwçanmısa?do you usually fall? | oljawwçanmıdı?does he usually fall? | bizjawwçanbızmı? jawwçanmıbız?do we usually fall? | sizjawwçanmısız?do you all usually fall? | alajawwçanmıdıla?do they usually fall? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjawmawçanmamı? jawmawçanmıma?do I usually not fall? | senjawmawçanmısa?do you usually not fall? | oljawmawçanmıdı?does he usually not fall? | bizjawmawçanbızmı? jawmawçanmıbız?do we usually not fall? | sizjawmawçanmısız?do you all usually not fall? | alajawmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not fall? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljawubduhe has fallen and remains so | alajawubdulathey have fallen and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljawubmudu?has he fallen? | alajawubmudula?have they fallen? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjawub turamaI keep falling | senjawub turasayou keep falling | oljawub turadıhe keeps falling | bizjawub turabızwe keep falling | sizjawub turasızyou all keep falling | alajawub turadılathey keep falling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjawub turmaymaI don't keep falling | senjawub turmaysayou don't keep falling | oljawub turmaydıhe doesn't keep falling | bizjawub turmaybızwe don't keep falling | sizjawub turmaysızyou all don't keep falling | alajawub turmaydılathey don't keep falling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjawub turamamı? jawub turamıma?do I keep falling? | senjawub turamısa?do you keep falling? | oljawub turamıdı?does he keep falling? | bizjawub turabızmı? jawub turamıbız?do we keep falling? | sizjawub turamısız?do you all keep falling? | alajawub turamıdıla?do they keep falling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjawub turmaymamı? jawub turmaymıma?don't I keep falling? | senjawub turmaymısa?don't you keep falling? | oljawub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep falling? | bizjawub turmaybızmı? jawub turmaymıbız?don't we keep falling? | sizjawub turmaymısız?don't you all keep falling? | alajawub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep falling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjawa turamaI am in the middle of falling | senjawa turasayou are in the middle of falling | oljawa turadıhe is in the middle of falling | bizjawa turabızwe are in the middle of falling | sizjawa turasızyou all are in the middle of falling | alajawa turadılathey are in the middle of falling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjawa turmaymaI am not in the middle of falling | senjawa turmaysayou are not in the middle of falling | oljawa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of falling | bizjawa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of falling | sizjawa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of falling | alajawa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of falling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjawa turamamı? jawa turamıma?am I in the middle of falling? | senjawa turamısa?are you in the middle of falling? | oljawa turamıdı?is he in the middle of falling? | bizjawa turabızmı? jawa turamıbız?are we in the middle of falling? | sizjawa turamısız?are you all in the middle of falling? | alajawa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of falling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjawa turmaymamı? jawa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of falling? | senjawa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of falling? | oljawa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of falling? | bizjawa turmaybızmı? jawa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of falling? | sizjawa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of falling? | alajawa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of falling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjawdumI fell | senjawduŋyou fell | oljawduhe fell | bizjawduqwe fell | sizjawduğuzyou all fell | alajawdulathey fell |
| Simple past (definite) | menjawmadımI didn't fall | senjawmadıŋyou didn't fall | oljawmadıhe didn't fall | bizjawmadıqwe didn't fall | sizjawmadığızyou all didn't fall | alajawmadılathey didn't fall |
| Simple past (definite) | menjawdummu?did I fall? | senjawduŋmu?did you fall? | oljawdumu?did he fall? | bizjawduqmu?did we fall? | sizjawduğuzmu?did you all fall? | alajawdulamı?did they fall? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjawmadımmı?didn't I fall? | senjawmadıŋmı?didn't you fall? | oljawmadımı?didn't he fall? | bizjawmadıqmı?didn't we fall? | sizjawmadığızmı?didn't you all fall? | alajawmadılamı?didn't they fall? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjawğanmaI have fallen | senjawğansayou have fallen | oljawğandıhe has fallen | bizjawğanbızwe have fallen | sizjawğansızyou all have fallen | alajawğandılathey have fallen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjawmağanmaI haven't fallen | senjawmağansayou haven't fallen | oljawmağandıhe hasn't fallen | bizjawmağanbızwe haven't fallen | sizjawmağansızyou all haven't fallen | alajawmağandılathey haven't fallen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjawğanmamı? jawğanmıma?have I fallen? | senjawğanmısa?have you fallen? | oljawğanmıdı?has he fallen? | bizjawğanbızmı? jawğanmıbız?have we fallen? | sizjawğanmısız?have you all fallen? | alajawğanmıdıla?have they fallen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjawmağanmamı? jawmağanmıma?haven't I fallen? | senjawmağanmısa?haven't you fallen? | oljawmağanmıdı?hasn't he fallen? | bizjawmağanbızmı? jawmağanmıbız?haven't we fallen? | sizjawmağanmısız?haven't you all fallen? | alajawmağanmıdıla?haven't they fallen? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjawub turdumI kept falling | senjawub turduŋyou kept falling | oljawub turduhe kept falling | bizjawub turduqwe kept falling | sizjawub turduğuzyou all kept falling | alajawub turdulathey kept falling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjawub turmadımI didn't keep falling | senjawub turmadıŋyou didn't keep falling | oljawub turmadıhe didn't keep falling | bizjawub turmadıqwe didn't keep falling | sizjawub turmadığızyou all didn't keep falling | alajawub turmadılathey didn't keep falling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjawarmaI will fall | senjawarsayou will fall | oljawarhe will fall | bizjawarbızwe will fall | sizjawarsızyou all will fall | alajawarlathey will fall |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjawmazmaI won't fall | senjawmazsayou won't fall | oljawmazhe won't fall | bizjawmazbızwe won't fall | sizjawmazsızyou all won't fall | alajawmazlathey won't fall |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjawarmamı? jawarmıma?will I fall? | senjawarmısa?will you fall? | oljawarmı?will he fall? | bizjawarbızmı? jawarmıbız?will we fall? | sizjawarmısız?will you all fall? | alajawarlamı? jawarmıla?will they fall? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjawmazmamı? jawmazmıma?won't I fall? | senjawmazmısa?won't you fall? | oljawmazmı?won't he fall? | bizjawmazbızmı? jawmazmıbız?won't we fall? | sizjawmazmısız?won't you all fall? | alajawmazlamı? jawmazmıla?won't they fall? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjawarıqmaI am going to fall | senjawarıqsayou are going to fall | oljawarıqdıhe is going to fall | bizjawarıqbızwe are going to fall | sizjawarıqsızyou all are going to fall | alajawarıqdılathey are going to fall |
| Definite future (future II) | menjawarıq tülmeI am not going to fall | senjawarıq tülseyou are not going to fall | oljawarıq tüldühe is not going to fall | bizjawarıq tülbüzwe are not going to fall | sizjawarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to fall | alajawarıq tüldülethey are not going to fall |
| Definite future (future II) | menjawarıqmamı? jawarıqmıma?am I going to fall? | senjawarıqmısa?are you going to fall? | oljawarıqmıdı?is he going to fall? | bizjawarıqbızmı? jawarıqmıbız?are we going to fall? | sizjawarıqmısız?are you all going to fall? | alajawarıqmıdıla?are they going to fall? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjawarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to fall? | senjawarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to fall? | oljawarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to fall? | bizjawarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to fall? | sizjawarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to fall? | alajawarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to fall? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjawğan edimjawğanemI had fallen | senjawğan ediŋjawğaneŋyou had fallen | oljawğan edijawğanedhe had fallen | bizjawğan edikjawğanekwe had fallen | sizjawğan edigizjawğanegizyou all had fallen | alajawğan edilejawğanellethey had fallen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjawmağan edimjawmağanemI hadn't fallen | senjawmağan ediŋjawmağaneŋyou hadn't fallen | oljawmağan edijawmağanedhe hadn't fallen | bizjawmağan edikjawmağanekwe hadn't fallen | sizjawmağan edigizjawmağanegizyou all hadn't fallen | alajawmağan edilejawmağanellethey hadn't fallen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjawa edimjawaemI was falling | senjawa ediŋjawaeŋyou were falling | oljawa edijawaedhe was falling | bizjawa edikjawaekwe were falling | sizjawa edigizjawaegizyou all were falling | alajawa edilejawaellethey were falling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjawmay edimjawmayemI wasn't falling | senjawmay ediŋjawmayeŋyou weren't falling | oljawmay edijawmayedhe wasn't falling | bizjawmay edikjawmayekwe weren't falling | sizjawmay edigizjawmayegizyou all weren't falling | alajawmay edilejawmayellethey weren't falling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjawwçan edimjawwçanemI used to fall | senjawwçan ediŋjawwçaneŋyou used to fall | oljawwçan edijawwçanedhe used to fall | bizjawwçan edikjawwçanekwe used to fall | sizjawwçan edigizjawwçanegizyou all used to fall | alajawwçan edilejawwçanellethey used to fall |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjawmawçan edimjawmawçanemI didn't use to fall | senjawmawçan ediŋjawmawçaneŋyou didn't use to fall | oljawmawçan edijawmawçanedhe didn't use to fall | bizjawmawçan edikjawmawçanekwe didn't use to fall | sizjawmawçan edigizjawmawçanegizyou all didn't use to fall | alajawmawçan edilejawmawçanellethey didn't use to fall |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljawub edihe had fallen and remained so | alajawub edilethey had fallen and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljawub tül edihe hadn't fallen | alajawub tül edilethey hadn't fallen | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjawub tura edimjawub turaemI had kept falling | senjawub tura ediŋjawub turaeŋyou had kept falling | oljawub tura edijawub turaedhe had kept falling | bizjawub tura edikjawub turaekwe had kept falling | sizjawub tura edigizjawub turaegizyou all had kept falling | alajawub tura edilejawub turaellethey had kept falling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjawub turmay edimjawub turmayemI hadn't kept falling | senjawub turmay ediŋjawub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept falling | oljawub turmay edijawub turmayedhe hadn't kept falling | bizjawub turmay edikjawub turmayekwe hadn't kept falling | sizjawub turmay edigizjawub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept falling | alajawub turmay edilejawub turmayellethey hadn't kept falling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjawa tura edimjawa turaemI was in the middle of falling | senjawa tura ediŋjawa turaeŋyou were in the middle of falling | oljawa tura edijawa turaedhe was in the middle of falling | bizjawa tura edikjawa turaekwe were in the middle of falling | sizjawa tura edigizjawa turaegizyou all were in the middle of falling | alajawa tura edilejawa turaellethey were in the middle of falling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjawa turmay edimjawa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of falling | senjawa turmay ediŋjawa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of falling | oljawa turmay edijawa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of falling | bizjawa turmay edikjawa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of falling | sizjawa turmay edigizjawa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of falling | alajawa turmay edilejawa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of falling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjawar edimjawar emI would fall | senjawar ediŋjawar eŋyou would fall | oljawar edijawar edhe would fall | bizjawar edikjawar ekwe would fall | sizjawar edigizjawar egizyou all would fall | alajawar edilejawar ellethey would fall |
| Conditional result (would) | menjawmaz edimjawmaz emI wouldn't fall | senjawmaz ediŋjawmaz eŋyou wouldn't fall | oljawmaz edijawmaz edhe wouldn't fall | bizjawmaz edikjawmaz ekwe wouldn't fall | sizjawmaz edigizjawmaz egizyou all wouldn't fall | alajawmaz edilejawmaz ellethey wouldn't fall |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjawarıq edimjawarıq emI would have fallen | senjawarıq ediŋjawarıq eŋyou would have fallen | oljawarıq edijawarıq edhe would have fallen | bizjawarıq edikjawarıq ekwe would have fallen | sizjawarıq edigizjawarıq egizyou all would have fallen | alajawarıq edilejawarıq ellethey would have fallen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjawarıq tül edimjawarıq tül emI wouldn't have fallen | senjawarıq tül ediŋjawarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have fallen | oljawarıq tül edijawarıq tül edhe wouldn't have fallen | bizjawarıq tül edikjawarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have fallen | sizjawarıq tül edigizjawarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have fallen | alajawarıq tül edilejawarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have fallen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjawsamif I fall | senjawsaŋif you fall | oljawsaif he falls | bizjawsaqif we fall | sizjawsağızif you all fall | alajawsalaif they fall |
| Conditional | menjawmasamif I don't fall | senjawmasaŋif you don't fall | oljawmasaif he doesn't fall | bizjawmasaqif we don't fall | sizjawmasağızif you all don't fall | alajawmasalaif they don't fall |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjawa esemif I am falling | senjawa eseŋif you are falling | oljawa eseif he is falling | bizjawa esekif we are falling | sizjawa esegizif you all are falling | alajawa eseleif they are falling |
| Conditional, present real | menjawmay esemif I am not falling | senjawmay eseŋif you are not falling | oljawmay eseif he is not falling | bizjawmay esekif we are not falling | sizjawmay esegizif you all are not falling | alajawmay eseleif they are not falling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjawsam edijawsam edif only I fell | senjawsaŋ edijawsaŋ edif only you fell | oljawsa edijawsaedif only he fell | bizjawsaq edijawsaq edif only we fell | sizjawsağız edijawsağız edif only you all fell | alajawsala edijawsalaedif only they fell |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjawmasam edijawmasam edif only I didn't fall | senjawmasaŋ edijawmasaŋ edif only you didn't fall | oljawmasa edijawmasaedif only he didn't fall | bizjawmasaq edijawmasaq edif only we didn't fall | sizjawmasağız edijawmasağız edif only you all didn't fall | alajawmasala edijawmasalaedif only they didn't fall |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjawub tursamif I carry on falling | senjawub tursaŋif you carry on falling | oljawub tursaif he carries on falling | bizjawub tursaqif we carry on falling | sizjawub tursağızif you all carry on falling | alajawub tursalaif they carry on falling |
| Durative conditional | menjawub turmasamif I don't carry on falling | senjawub turmasaŋif you don't carry on falling | oljawub turmasaif he doesn't carry on falling | bizjawub turmasaqif we don't carry on falling | sizjawub turmasağızif you all don't carry on falling | alajawub turmasalaif they don't carry on falling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjawub tura esemif I have kept falling | senjawub tura eseŋif you have kept falling | oljawub tura eseif he has kept falling | bizjawub tura esekif we have kept falling | sizjawub tura esegizif you all have kept falling | alajawub tura eseleif they have kept falling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjawub turmay esemif I haven't kept falling | senjawub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept falling | oljawub turmay eseif he hasn't kept falling | bizjawub turmay esekif we haven't kept falling | sizjawub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept falling | alajawub turmay eseleif they haven't kept falling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjawa tursamif I keep falling | senjawa tursaŋif you keep falling | oljawa tursaif he keeps falling | bizjawa tursaqif we keep falling | sizjawa tursağızif you all keep falling | alajawa tursalaif they keep falling |
| Progressive conditional | menjawmay tursamif I keep on not falling | senjawmay tursaŋif you keep on not falling | oljawmay tursaif he keeps on not falling | bizjawmay tursaqif we keep on not falling | sizjawmay tursağızif you all keep on not falling | alajawmay tursalaif they keep on not falling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjawa tura esemif I am in the middle of falling | senjawa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of falling | oljawa tura eseif he is in the middle of falling | bizjawa tura esekif we are in the middle of falling | sizjawa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of falling | alajawa tura eseleif they are in the middle of falling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjawmay tura esemif I keep on not falling | senjawmay tura eseŋif you keep on not falling | oljawmay tura eseif he keeps on not falling | bizjawmay tura esekif we keep on not falling | sizjawmay tura esegizif you all keep on not falling | alajawmay tura eseleif they keep on not falling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjawdum esemif I fell | senjawduŋ eseŋif you fell | oljawdu eseif he fell | bizjawduq esekif we fell | sizjawduğuz esegizif you all fell | alajawdula eseleif they fell |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjawmadım esemif I didn't fall | senjawmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't fall | oljawmadı eseif he didn't fall | bizjawmadıq esekif we didn't fall | sizjawmadığız esegizif you all didn't fall | alajawmadıla eseleif they didn't fall |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjawğan esemif I did fall (indeed) | senjawğan eseŋif you did fall (indeed) | oljawğan eseif he did fall (indeed) | bizjawğan esekif we did fall (indeed) | sizjawğan esegizif you all did fall (indeed) | alajawğan eseleif they did fall (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjawmağan esemif I didn't fall (indeed) | senjawmağan eseŋif you didn't fall (indeed) | oljawmağan eseif he didn't fall (indeed) | bizjawmağan esekif we didn't fall (indeed) | sizjawmağan esegizif you all didn't fall (indeed) | alajawmağan eseleif they didn't fall (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjawğan bolsamif I had fallen | senjawğan bolsaŋif you had fallen | oljawğan bolsaif he had fallen | bizjawğan bolsaqif we had fallen | sizjawğan bolsağızif you all had fallen | alajawğan bolsalaif they had fallen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjawmağan bolsamif I hadn't fallen | senjawmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't fallen | oljawmağan bolsaif he hadn't fallen | bizjawmağan bolsaqif we hadn't fallen | sizjawmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't fallen | alajawmağan bolsalaif they hadn't fallen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjawğan bolsam edijawğan bolsam edif only I had fallen | senjawğan bolsaŋ edijawğan bolsaŋ edif only you had fallen | oljawğan bolsa edijawğan bolsaedif only he had fallen | bizjawğan bolsaq edijawğan bolsaq edif only we had fallen | sizjawğan bolsağız edijawğan bolsağız edif only you all had fallen | alajawğan bolsala edijawğan bolsalaedif only they had fallen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjawmağan bolsam edijawmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't fallen | senjawmağan bolsaŋ edijawmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't fallen | oljawmağan bolsa edijawmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't fallen | bizjawmağan bolsaq edijawmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't fallen | sizjawmağan bolsağız edijawmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't fallen | alajawmağan bolsala edijawmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't fallen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjawar esemif I will fall | senjawar eseŋif you will fall | oljawar eseif he will fall | bizjawar esekif we will fall | sizjawar esegizif you all will fall | alajawar eseleif they will fall |
| Conditional, aorist | menjawmaz esemif I won't fall | senjawmaz eseŋif you won't fall | oljawmaz eseif he won't fall | bizjawmaz esekif we won't fall | sizjawmaz esegizif you all won't fall | alajawmaz eseleif they won't fall |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjawarıq esemif I am going to fall | senjawarıq eseŋif you are going to fall | oljawarıq eseif he is going to fall | bizjawarıq esekif we are going to fall | sizjawarıq esegizif you all are going to fall | alajawarıq eseleif they are going to fall |
| Conditional, future | menjawarıq tül esemif I am not going to fall | senjawarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to fall | oljawarıq tül eseif he is not going to fall | bizjawarıq tül esekif we are not going to fall | sizjawarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to fall | alajawarıq tül eseleif they are not going to fall |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjawarıq bolsamif I were going to fall | senjawarıq bolsaŋif you were going to fall | oljawarıq bolsaif he were going to fall | bizjawarıq bolsaqif we were going to fall | sizjawarıq bolsağızif you all were going to fall | alajawarıq bolsalaif they were going to fall |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjawmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to fall | senjawmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to fall | oljawmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to fall | bizjawmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to fall | sizjawmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to fall | alajawmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to fall |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jawduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjawa bolurmaI must be falling | senjawa bolursayou must be falling | oljawa bolurhe must be falling | bizjawa bolurbuzwe must be falling | sizjawa bolursuzyou all must be falling | alajawa bolurlathey must be falling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjawmay bolurmaI must not be falling | senjawmay bolursayou must not be falling | oljawmay bolurhe must not be falling | bizjawmay bolurbuzwe must not be falling | sizjawmay bolursuzyou all must not be falling | alajawmay bolurlathey must not be falling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjawa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of falling | senjawa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of falling | oljawa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of falling | bizjawa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of falling | sizjawa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of falling | alajawa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of falling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjawmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not falling | senjawmay tura bolursayou must keep on not falling | oljawmay tura bolurhe must keep on not falling | bizjawmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not falling | sizjawmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not falling | alajawmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not falling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjawğan bolurmaI must have fallen | senjawğan bolursayou must have fallen | oljawğan bolurhe must have fallen | bizjawğan bolurbuzwe must have fallen | sizjawğan bolursuzyou all must have fallen | alajawğan bolurlathey must have fallen |
| Inference (must have) | menjawmağan bolurmaI must not have fallen | senjawmağan bolursayou must not have fallen | oljawmağan bolurhe must not have fallen | bizjawmağan bolurbuzwe must not have fallen | sizjawmağan bolursuzyou all must not have fallen | alajawmağan bolurlathey must not have fallen |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjawarıq bolurmaI must be going to fall | senjawarıq bolursayou must be going to fall | oljawarıq bolurhe must be going to fall | bizjawarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to fall | sizjawarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to fall | alajawarıq bolurlathey must be going to fall |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjawmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to fall | senjawmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to fall | oljawmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to fall | bizjawmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to fall | sizjawmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to fall | alajawmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to fall |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjawayımlet me fall | senjaw!fall! | oljawsunlet him fall | bizjawayıqlet's fall | sizjawuğuz!fall, you all! | alajawsunlalet them fall |
| Commands & suggestions | menjawmayımlet me not fall | senjawma!don't fall! | oljawmasınlet him not fall | bizjawmayıqlet's not fall | sizjawmağız!don't fall, you all! | alajawmasınlalet them not fall |
| Commands & suggestions | menjawayımmı?shall I fall? | oljawsunmu?should he fall? | bizjawayıqmı?shall we fall? | alajawsunlamı?should they fall? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjawmayımmı?shall I not fall? | oljawmasınmı?should he not fall? | bizjawmayıqmı?shall we not fall? | alajawmasınlamı?should they not fall? | ||
| Requests | senjawçu2jawçunplease fall | oljawsunçudo let him fall | sizjawçuğuzplease fall (plural/polite) | alajawsunlaçıdo let them fall | ||
| Requests | senjawmaçı2jawmaçınplease don't fall | oljawmasınçıdo let him not fall | sizjawmaçığızplease don't fall (plural/polite) | alajawmasınlaçıdo let them not fall | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjawğunjawğumay you fall | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjawmağınjawmağımay you not fall | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjawğay edim jawğa edimwould that I fell | senjawğay ediŋ jawğa ediŋwould that you fell | oljawğay edi jawğa ediwould that he fell | bizjawğay edik jawğa edikwould that we fell | sizjawğay edigiz jawğa edigizwould that you all fell | alajawğay edile jawğa edilewould that they fell |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjawmağay edim jawmağa edimwould that I did not fall | senjawmağay ediŋ jawmağa ediŋwould that you did not fall | oljawmağay edi jawmağa ediwould that he did not fall | bizjawmağay edik jawmağa edikwould that we did not fall | sizjawmağay edigiz jawmağa edigizwould that you all did not fall | alajawmağay edile jawmağa edilewould that they did not fall |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjawmağa qoyayımjawma qoyayımlet me allow someone to fall | senjawmağa qoy!jawma qoy!let someone fall! | oljawmağa qoysunjawma qoysunlet him allow someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoyayıqjawma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoyuğuz!jawma qoyuğuz!let someone fall, you all! | alajawmağa qoysunlajawma qoysunlalet them allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjawmağa qoymayımjawma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to fall | senjawmağa qoyma!jawma qoyma!don't let someone fall! | oljawmağa qoymasınjawma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoymayıqjawma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoymağız!jawma qoymağız!don't let someone fall, you all! | alajawmağa qoymasınlajawma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjawmağa qoyayımmı?jawma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoysunmu?jawma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoyayıqmı?jawma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoysunlamı?jawma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to fall? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjawmağa qoymayımmı?jawma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoymasınmı?jawma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoymayıqmı?jawma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoymasınlamı?jawma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to fall? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjawmağa qoyamajawma qoyamaI allow someone to fall | senjawmağa qoyasajawma qoyasayou allow someone to fall | oljawmağa qoyadıjawma qoyadıhe allows someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoyabızjawma qoyabızwe allow someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoyasızjawma qoyasızyou all allow someone to fall | alajawmağa qoyadılajawma qoyadılathey allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (present) | menjawmağa qoymaymajawma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to fall | senjawmağa qoymaysajawma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to fall | oljawmağa qoymaydıjawma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoymaybızjawma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoymaysızjawma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to fall | alajawmağa qoymaydılajawma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (present) | menjawmağa qoyamamı?jawma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to fall? | senjawmağa qoyamısa?jawma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoyamıdı?jawma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoyabızmı?jawma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to fall? | sizjawmağa qoyamısız?jawma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoyamıdıla?jawma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjawmağa qoymaymamı?jawma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to fall? | senjawmağa qoymaymısa?jawma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoymaymıdı?jawma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoymaybızmı?jawma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to fall? | sizjawmağa qoymaymısız?jawma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoymaymıdıla?jawma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjawmağa qoydumjawma qoydumI allowed someone to fall | senjawmağa qoyduŋjawma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to fall | oljawmağa qoydujawma qoyduhe allowed someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoyduqjawma qoyduqwe allowed someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoyduğuzjawma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to fall | alajawmağa qoydulajawma qoydulathey allowed someone to fall |
| Let someone… (past) | menjawmağa qoymadımjawma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to fall | senjawmağa qoymadıŋjawma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to fall | oljawmağa qoymadıjawma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to fall | bizjawmağa qoymadıqjawma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to fall | sizjawmağa qoymadığızjawma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to fall | alajawmağa qoymadılajawma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to fall |
| Let someone… (past) | menjawmağa qoydummu?jawma qoydummu?did I allow someone to fall? | senjawmağa qoyduŋmu?jawma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoydumu?jawma qoydumu?did he allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoyduqmu?jawma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to fall? | sizjawmağa qoyduğuzmu?jawma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoydulamı?jawma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to fall? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjawmağa qoymadımmı?jawma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to fall? | senjawmağa qoymadıŋmı?jawma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to fall? | oljawmağa qoymadımı?jawma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to fall? | bizjawmağa qoymadıqmı?jawma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to fall? | sizjawmağa qoymadığızmı?jawma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to fall? | alajawmağa qoymadılamı?jawma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to fall? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jawalırğa be able to fall · jawalmazğa be unable to fall
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjawalamaI can fall | senjawalasayou can fall | oljawaladıhe can fall | bizjawalabızwe can fall | sizjawalasızyou all can fall | alajawaladılathey can fall |
| Ability — present | menjawalmaymaI can't fall | senjawalmaysayou can't fall | oljawalmaydıhe can't fall | bizjawalmaybızwe can't fall | sizjawalmaysızyou all can't fall | alajawalmaydılathey can't fall |
| Ability — present | menjawalamamı? jawalamıma?can I fall? | senjawalamısa?can you fall? | oljawalamıdı?can he fall? | bizjawalabızmı? jawalamıbız?can we fall? | sizjawalamısız?can you all fall? | alajawalamıdıla?can they fall? |
| Ability — present | menjawalmaymamı? jawalmaymıma?can't I fall? | senjawalmaymısa?can't you fall? | oljawalmaymıdı?can't he fall? | bizjawalmaybızmı? jawalmaymıbız?can't we fall? | sizjawalmaymısız?can't you all fall? | alajawalmaymıdıla?can't they fall? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjawalsamif I can fall | senjawalsaŋif you can fall | oljawalsaif he can fall | bizjawalsaqif we can fall | sizjawalsağızif you all can fall | alajawalsalaif they can fall |
| Ability — if I can… | menjawalmasamif I can't fall | senjawalmasaŋif you can't fall | oljawalmasaif he can't fall | bizjawalmasaqif we can't fall | sizjawalmasağızif you all can't fall | alajawalmasalaif they can't fall |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjawaldımI was able to fall | senjawaldıŋyou were able to fall | oljawaldıhe was able to fall | bizjawaldıqwe were able to fall | sizjawaldığızyou all were able to fall | alajawaldılathey were able to fall |
| Ability — simple past | menjawalmadımI could not fall | senjawalmadıŋyou could not fall | oljawalmadıhe could not fall | bizjawalmadıqwe could not fall | sizjawalmadığızyou all could not fall | alajawalmadılathey could not fall |
| Ability — simple past | menjawaldımmı?was I able to fall? | senjawaldıŋmı?were you able to fall? | oljawaldımı?was he able to fall? | bizjawaldıqmı?were we able to fall? | sizjawaldığızmı?were you all able to fall? | alajawaldılamı?were they able to fall? |
| Ability — simple past | menjawalmadımmı?couldn't I fall? | senjawalmadıŋmı?couldn't you fall? | oljawalmadımı?couldn't he fall? | bizjawalmadıqmı?couldn't we fall? | sizjawalmadığızmı?couldn't you all fall? | alajawalmadılamı?couldn't they fall? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjawalğanmaI have been able to fall | senjawalğansayou have been able to fall | oljawalğandıhe has been able to fall | bizjawalğanbızwe have been able to fall | sizjawalğansızyou all have been able to fall | alajawalğandılathey have been able to fall |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjawalmağanmaI haven't been able to fall | senjawalmağansayou haven't been able to fall | oljawalmağandıhe hasn't been able to fall | bizjawalmağanbızwe haven't been able to fall | sizjawalmağansızyou all haven't been able to fall | alajawalmağandılathey haven't been able to fall |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjawalğanmamı? jawalğanmıma?have I been able to fall? | senjawalğanmısa?have you been able to fall? | oljawalğanmıdı?has he been able to fall? | bizjawalğanbızmı? jawalğanmıbız?have we been able to fall? | sizjawalğanmısız?have you all been able to fall? | alajawalğanmıdıla?have they been able to fall? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjawalmağanmamı? jawalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to fall? | senjawalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to fall? | oljawalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to fall? | bizjawalmağanbızmı? jawalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to fall? | sizjawalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to fall? | alajawalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to fall? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjawalğan edimjawalğanemI had been able to fall | senjawalğan ediŋjawalğaneŋyou had been able to fall | oljawalğan edijawalğanedhe had been able to fall | bizjawalğan edikjawalğanekwe had been able to fall | sizjawalğan edigizjawalğanegizyou all had been able to fall | alajawalğan edilejawalğanellethey had been able to fall |
| Ability — past perfect | menjawalmağan edimjawalmağanemI hadn't been able to fall | senjawalmağan ediŋjawalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to fall | oljawalmağan edijawalmağanedhe hadn't been able to fall | bizjawalmağan edikjawalmağanekwe hadn't been able to fall | sizjawalmağan edigizjawalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to fall | alajawalmağan edilejawalmağanellethey hadn't been able to fall |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjawala edimjawalaemI could fall | senjawala ediŋjawalaeŋyou could fall | oljawala edijawalaedhe could fall | bizjawala edikjawalaekwe could fall | sizjawala edigizjawalaegizyou all could fall | alajawala edilejawalaellethey could fall |
| Ability — past background | menjawalmay edimjawalmayemI could not fall | senjawalmay ediŋjawalmayeŋyou could not fall | oljawalmay edijawalmayedhe could not fall | bizjawalmay edikjawalmayekwe could not fall | sizjawalmay edigizjawalmayegizyou all could not fall | alajawalmay edilejawalmayellethey could not fall |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjawalırmaI will be able to fall | senjawalırsayou will be able to fall | oljawalırhe will be able to fall | bizjawalırbızwe will be able to fall | sizjawalırsızyou all will be able to fall | alajawalırlathey will be able to fall |
| Ability — future I | menjawalmazmaI won't be able to fall | senjawalmazsayou won't be able to fall | oljawalmazhe won't be able to fall | bizjawalmazbızwe won't be able to fall | sizjawalmazsızyou all won't be able to fall | alajawalmazlathey won't be able to fall |
| Ability — future I | menjawalırmamı? jawalırmıma?will I be able to fall? | senjawalırmısa?will you be able to fall? | oljawalırmı?will he be able to fall? | bizjawalırbızmı? jawalırmıbız?will we be able to fall? | sizjawalırmısız?will you all be able to fall? | alajawalırlamı? jawalırmıla?will they be able to fall? |
| Ability — future I | menjawalmazmamı? jawalmazmıma?won't I be able to fall? | senjawalmazmısa?won't you be able to fall? | oljawalmazmı?won't he be able to fall? | bizjawalmazbızmı? jawalmazmıbız?won't we be able to fall? | sizjawalmazmısız?won't you all be able to fall? | alajawalmazlamı? jawalmazmıla?won't they be able to fall? |
| Ability — future II | menjawallıqmaI am going to be able to fall | senjawallıqsayou are going to be able to fall | oljawallıqdıhe is going to be able to fall | bizjawallıqbızwe are going to be able to fall | sizjawallıqsızyou all are going to be able to fall | alajawallıqdılathey are going to be able to fall |
| Ability — future II | menjawallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to fall | senjawallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to fall | oljawallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to fall | bizjawallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to fall | sizjawallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to fall | alajawallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to fall |
| Ability — future II | menjawallıqmamı? jawallıqmıma?am I going to be able to fall? | senjawallıqmısa?are you going to be able to fall? | oljawallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to fall? | bizjawallıqbızmı? jawallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to fall? | sizjawallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to fall? | alajawallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to fall? |
| Ability — future II | menjawallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to fall? | senjawallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to fall? | oljawallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to fall? | bizjawallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to fall? | sizjawallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to fall? | alajawallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to fall? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjawalır edimjawalır emI would be able to fall | senjawalır ediŋjawalır eŋyou would be able to fall | oljawalır edijawalır edhe would be able to fall | bizjawalır edikjawalır ekwe would be able to fall | sizjawalır edigizjawalır egizyou all would be able to fall | alajawalır edilejawalır ellethey would be able to fall |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjawalmaz edimjawalmaz emI wouldn't be able to fall | senjawalmaz ediŋjawalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to fall | oljawalmaz edijawalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to fall | bizjawalmaz edikjawalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to fall | sizjawalmaz edigizjawalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to fall | alajawalmaz edilejawalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to fall |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjawalğınjawalğımay you be able to fall | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjawalmağınjawalmağımay you not be able to fall | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjawarğa izleymeI want to fall | senjawarğa izleyseyou want to fall | oljawarğa izleydihe wants to fall | bizjawarğa izleybizwe want to fall | sizjawarğa izleysizyou all want to fall | alajawarğa izleydilethey want to fall |
| want to | menjawarğa izlemeymeI do not want to fall | senjawarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to fall | oljawarğa izlemeydihe does not want to fall | bizjawarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to fall | sizjawarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to fall | alajawarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to fall |
| would like to | menjawarğa süemeI would like to fall | senjawarğa süeseyou would like to fall | oljawarğa süedihe would like to fall | bizjawarğa süebizwe would like to fall | sizjawarğa süesizyou all would like to fall | alajawarğa süedilethey would like to fall |
| would like to | menjawarğa süymeymeI would not like to fall | senjawarğa süymeyseyou would not like to fall | oljawarğa süymeydihe would not like to fall | bizjawarğa süymeybizwe would not like to fall | sizjawarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to fall | alajawarğa süymeydilethey would not like to fall |
| hope to | menjawarğa umutlanamaI hope to fall | senjawarğa umutlanasayou hope to fall | oljawarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to fall | bizjawarğa umutlanabızwe hope to fall | sizjawarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to fall | alajawarğa umutlanadılathey hope to fall |
| hope to | menjawarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to fall | senjawarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to fall | oljawarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to fall | bizjawarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to fall | sizjawarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to fall | alajawarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to fall |
| be about to | menjawarğa deb turamaI am about to fall | senjawarğa deb turasayou are about to fall | oljawarğa deb turadıhe is about to fall | bizjawarğa deb turabızwe are about to fall | sizjawarğa deb turasızyou all are about to fall | alajawarğa deb turadılathey are about to fall |
| be about to | menjawarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to fall | senjawarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to fall | oljawarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to fall | bizjawarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to fall | sizjawarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to fall | alajawarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to fall |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjawarğa kerekmeI need to fall | senjawarğa kerekseyou need to fall | oljawarğa kerekdihe needs to fall | bizjawarğa kerekbizwe need to fall | sizjawarğa kereksizyou all need to fall | alajawarğa kerekdilethey need to fall |
| need to | menjawarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to fall | senjawarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to fall | oljawarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to fall | bizjawarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to fall | sizjawarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to fall | alajawarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to fall |
| have to | menmenŋe jawarğa tüşediI have to fall | sensenŋe jawarğa tüşediyou have to fall | olaŋa jawarğa tüşedihe has to fall | bizbizge jawarğa tüşediwe have to fall | sizsizge jawarğa tüşediyou all have to fall | alaalağa jawarğa tüşedithey have to fall |
| have to | menmenŋe jawarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to fall | sensenŋe jawarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to fall | olaŋa jawarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to fall | bizbizge jawarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to fall | sizsizge jawarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to fall | alaalağa jawarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to fall |
| be obliged to | menjawarğa borçlumaI am obliged to fall | senjawarğa borçlusayou are obliged to fall | oljawarğa borçluduhe is obliged to fall | bizjawarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to fall | sizjawarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to fall | alajawarğa borçludulathey are obliged to fall |
| be obliged to | menjawarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to fall | senjawarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to fall | oljawarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to fall | bizjawarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to fall | sizjawarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to fall | alajawarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to fall |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjawarğa madarım bardıI have a way to fall | senjawarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to fall | oljawarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to fall | bizjawarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to fall | sizjawarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to fall | alajawarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to fall |
| have a way to | menjawarğa madarım joqduI have no way to fall | senjawarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to fall | oljawarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to fall | bizjawarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to fall | sizjawarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to fall | alajawarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to fall |
| be free to | menjawarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to fall | senjawarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to fall | oljawarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to fall | bizjawarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to fall | sizjawarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to fall | alajawarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to fall |
| be free to | menjawarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to fall | senjawarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to fall | oljawarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to fall | bizjawarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to fall | sizjawarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to fall | alajawarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to fall |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to fall | sensenŋe jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to fall | olaŋa jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to fall | bizbizge jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to fall | sizsizge jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to fall | alaalağa jawarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to fall |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to fall | sensenŋe jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to fall | olaŋa jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to fall | bizbizge jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to fall | sizsizge jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to fall | alaalağa jawarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to fall |
| be ready to | menjawarğa hazırmaI am ready to fall | senjawarğa hazırsayou are ready to fall | oljawarğa hazırdıhe is ready to fall | bizjawarğa hazırbızwe are ready to fall | sizjawarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to fall | alajawarğa hazırdılathey are ready to fall |
| be ready to | menjawarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to fall | senjawarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to fall | oljawarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to fall | bizjawarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to fall | sizjawarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to fall | alajawarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to fall |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjawarğa küreşemeI am trying to fall | senjawarğa küreşeseyou are trying to fall | oljawarğa küreşedihe is trying to fall | bizjawarğa küreşebizwe are trying to fall | sizjawarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to fall | alajawarğa küreşedilethey are trying to fall |
| try to | menjawarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to fall | senjawarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to fall | oljawarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to fall | bizjawarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to fall | sizjawarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to fall | alajawarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to fall |
| agree to | menjawarğa unaymaI agree to fall | senjawarğa unaysayou agree to fall | oljawarğa unaydıhe agrees to fall | bizjawarğa unaybızwe agree to fall | sizjawarğa unaysızyou all agree to fall | alajawarğa unaydılathey agree to fall |
| agree to | menjawarğa unamaymaI refuse to fall | senjawarğa unamaysayou refuse to fall | oljawarğa unamaydıhe refuses to fall | bizjawarğa unamaybızwe refuse to fall | sizjawarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to fall | alajawarğa unamaydılathey refuse to fall |
| hurry to | menjawarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to fall | senjawarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to fall | oljawarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to fall | bizjawarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to fall | sizjawarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to fall | alajawarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to fall |
| hurry to | menjawarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to fall | senjawarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to fall | oljawarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to fall | bizjawarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to fall | sizjawarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to fall | alajawarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to fall |
| be afraid to | menjawarğa qorqamaI am afraid to fall | senjawarğa qorqasayou are afraid to fall | oljawarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to fall | bizjawarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to fall | sizjawarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to fall | alajawarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to fall |
| be afraid to | menjawarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to fall | senjawarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to fall | oljawarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to fall | bizjawarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to fall | sizjawarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to fall | alajawarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to fall |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjawa bolmazmaI can't be falling | senjawa bolmazsayou can't be falling | oljawa bolmazhe can't be falling | bizjawa bolmazbızwe can't be falling | sizjawa bolmazsızyou all can't be falling | alajawa bolmazlathey can't be falling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjawmay bolmazmaI must be falling (emphatic) | senjawmay bolmazsayou must be falling (emphatic) | oljawmay bolmazhe must be falling (emphatic) | bizjawmay bolmazbızwe must be falling (emphatic) | sizjawmay bolmazsızyou all must be falling (emphatic) | alajawmay bolmazlathey must be falling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjawa turmasamif I don't keep falling | senjawa turmasaŋif you don't keep falling | oljawa turmasaif he doesn't keep falling | bizjawa turmasaqif we don't keep falling | sizjawa turmasağızif you all don't keep falling | alajawa turmasalaif they don't keep falling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjawa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of falling | senjawa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of falling | oljawa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of falling | bizjawa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of falling | sizjawa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of falling | alajawa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of falling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjawmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not falling (emphatic) | senjawmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not falling (emphatic) | oljawmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not falling (emphatic) | bizjawmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not falling (emphatic) | sizjawmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not falling (emphatic) | alajawmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not falling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjawmay turamaI keep on not falling | senjawmay turasayou keep on not falling | oljawmay turadıhe keeps on not falling | bizjawmay turabızwe keep on not falling | sizjawmay turasızyou all keep on not falling | alajawmay turadılathey keep on not falling |
| Progressive — double negation | menjawmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not falling | senjawmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not falling | oljawmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not falling | bizjawmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not falling | sizjawmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not falling | alajawmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not falling |
| Progressive — double negation | menjawmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not falling? | senjawmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not falling? | oljawmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not falling? | bizjawmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not falling? | sizjawmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not falling? | alajawmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not falling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjawğan bolmazmaI can't have fallen | senjawğan bolmazsayou can't have fallen | oljawğan bolmazhe can't have fallen | bizjawğan bolmazbızwe can't have fallen | sizjawğan bolmazsızyou all can't have fallen | alajawğan bolmazlathey can't have fallen |
| Inference — double negation | menjawmağan bolmazmaI must have fallen (emphatic) | senjawmağan bolmazsayou must have fallen (emphatic) | oljawmağan bolmazhe must have fallen (emphatic) | bizjawmağan bolmazbızwe must have fallen (emphatic) | sizjawmağan bolmazsızyou all must have fallen (emphatic) | alajawmağan bolmazlathey must have fallen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjawğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had fallen | senjawğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had fallen | oljawğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had fallen | bizjawğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had fallen | sizjawğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had fallen | alajawğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had fallen |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjawmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't fallen | senjawmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't fallen | oljawmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't fallen | bizjawmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't fallen | sizjawmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't fallen | alajawmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't fallen |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjawarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to fall | senjawarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to fall | oljawarıq bolmazhe can't be going to fall | bizjawarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to fall | sizjawarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to fall | alajawarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to fall |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjawmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to fall (emphatic) | senjawmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to fall (emphatic) | oljawmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to fall (emphatic) | bizjawmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to fall (emphatic) | sizjawmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to fall (emphatic) | alajawmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to fall (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjawarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to fall | senjawarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to fall | oljawarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to fall | bizjawarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to fall | sizjawarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to fall | alajawarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to fall |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjawmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to fall | senjawmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to fall | oljawmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to fall | bizjawmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to fall | sizjawmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to fall | alajawmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to fall |