jarqa
/dʒarqa/ · plural jarqala
1. billet of firewood, log; large splinter of wood
- otun jarqa — a billet of firewood
- otun jarqalanı ojaqğa sal — put the firewood billets on the hearth
- jarqanı otha atdı — he threw the billet into the fire
- jaŋız jarqa ot bolmaz — a single log does not make a fire
- jarqa-jarqa eterge — to split into billets
2. fragment, shard (of something that has burst, such as ice or a shell)
- buznu jarqaları — the shards of the ice
- top oqnu jarqası — a fragment of the shell
3. ear notch cut on a sheep or a goat as an owner's mark — The notch is cut deep in the middle of the back of the ear, so the tip of the ear hangs down.
- jarqa qulaq qoy — a sheep with a notched ear
- qoynu jarqası — the ear notch of the sheep
- qoyğa jarqa salırğa — to put an ear notch on a sheep
- eçkini qulağında jarqa bardı — the goat has a notch in its ear
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jarqathe billet of firewood | jarqammy billet of firewood | jarqaŋyour billet of firewood | jarqasıhis billet of firewood | jarqabızour billet of firewood | jarqağızyou all's billet of firewood | jarqalarıtheir billet of firewoods |
| Genitive | jarqanıthe billet of firewood's | jarqamımy billet of firewood's | jarqaŋıyour billet of firewood's | jarqasınıhis billet of firewood's | jarqabıznıour billet of firewood's | jarqağıznıyou all's billet of firewood's | jarqalarınıtheir billet of firewoods' |
| Accusative | jarqanıthe billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqamımy billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqaŋıyour billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqasınhis billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqabıznıour billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqağıznıyou all's billet of firewood (as the object) | jarqalarıntheir billet of firewoods (as the object) |
| Dative | jarqağato the billet of firewood | jarqamato my billet of firewood | jarqaŋato your billet of firewood | jarqasınato his billet of firewood | jarqabızğato our billet of firewood | jarqağızğato you all's billet of firewood | jarqalarınato their billet of firewoods |
| Locative | jarqadain / at the billet of firewood | jarqamdain / at my billet of firewood | jarqaŋdain / at your billet of firewood | jarqasındain / at his billet of firewood | jarqabızdain / at our billet of firewood | jarqağızdain / at you all's billet of firewood | jarqalarındain / at their billet of firewoods |
| Ablative | jarqadanfrom the billet of firewood | jarqamdanfrom my billet of firewood | jarqaŋdanfrom your billet of firewood | jarqasındanfrom his billet of firewood | jarqabızdanfrom our billet of firewood | jarqağızdanfrom you all's billet of firewood | jarqalarındanfrom their billet of firewoods |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jarqalathe billet of firewoods | jarqalarımmy billet of firewoods | jarqalarıŋyour billet of firewoods | jarqalarıhis billet of firewoods | jarqalarıbızour billet of firewoods | jarqalarığızyou all's billet of firewoods | jarqalarıtheir billet of firewoods |
| Genitive | jarqalanıthe billet of firewoods' | jarqalarımımy billet of firewoods' | jarqalarıŋıyour billet of firewoods' | jarqalarınıhis billet of firewoods' | jarqalarıbıznıour billet of firewoods' | jarqalarığıznıyou all's billet of firewoods' | jarqalarınıtheir billet of firewoods' |
| Accusative | jarqalanıthe billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarımımy billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarıŋıyour billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarınhis billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarıbıznıour billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarığıznıyou all's billet of firewoods (as the object) | jarqalarıntheir billet of firewoods (as the object) |
| Dative | jarqalağato the billet of firewoods | jarqalarımato my billet of firewoods | jarqalarıŋato your billet of firewoods | jarqalarınato his billet of firewoods | jarqalarıbızğato our billet of firewoods | jarqalarığızğato you all's billet of firewoods | jarqalarınato their billet of firewoods |
| Locative | jarqaladain / at the billet of firewoods | jarqalarımdain / at my billet of firewoods | jarqalarıŋdain / at your billet of firewoods | jarqalarındain / at his billet of firewoods | jarqalarıbızdain / at our billet of firewoods | jarqalarığızdain / at you all's billet of firewoods | jarqalarındain / at their billet of firewoods |
| Ablative | jarqaladanfrom the billet of firewoods | jarqalarımdanfrom my billet of firewoods | jarqalarıŋdanfrom your billet of firewoods | jarqalarındanfrom his billet of firewoods | jarqalarıbızdanfrom our billet of firewoods | jarqalarığızdanfrom you all's billet of firewoods | jarqalarındanfrom their billet of firewoods |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jarqaları can mean "his / her billet of firewoods", "their billet of firewood", or "their billet of firewoods" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.