jaralarğa
/dʒaralarʁa/
wound, injure (physically) — Used of people and animals, e.g. ayünü jaralarğa "wound a bear"; kesi kesin jaralağan describes a soldier who wounded himself on purpose.
- jaş qabannı jaraladı — the boy wounded the boar
- ayünü jaralarğa — to wound a bear
- kesi kesin jaralağan — one who wounded himself
Conjugation
Common forms
- jaralaydıhe is wounding
- jaraladıhe wounded
- jaralağandıhe has wounded
- jaralarhe will wound
- jaralarıqdıhe is going to wound
- jaralay edihe was wounding
- jaralasaif he wounds
- jarala!wound!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaralaymaI am wounding | senjaralaysayou are wounding | oljaralaydıhe is wounding | bizjaralaybızwe are wounding | sizjaralaysızyou all are wounding | alajaralaydılathey are wounding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaralamaymaI am not wounding | senjaralamaysayou are not wounding | oljaralamaydıhe is not wounding | bizjaralamaybızwe are not wounding | sizjaralamaysızyou all are not wounding | alajaralamaydılathey are not wounding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaralaymamı? jaralaymıma?am I wounding? | senjaralaymısa?are you wounding? | oljaralaymıdı?is he wounding? | bizjaralaybızmı? jaralaymıbız?are we wounding? | sizjaralaymısız?are you all wounding? | alajaralaymıdıla?are they wounding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaralamaymamı? jaralamaymıma?aren't I wounding? | senjaralamaymısa?aren't you wounding? | oljaralamaymıdı?isn't he wounding? | bizjaralamaybızmı? jaralamaymıbız?aren't we wounding? | sizjaralamaymısız?aren't you all wounding? | alajaralamaymıdıla?aren't they wounding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaralawçanmaI usually wound | senjaralawçansayou usually wound | oljaralawçandıhe usually wounds | bizjaralawçanbızwe usually wound | sizjaralawçansızyou all usually wound | alajaralawçandılathey usually wound |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaralamawçanmaI usually don't wound | senjaralamawçansayou usually don't wound | oljaralamawçandıhe usually doesn't wound | bizjaralamawçanbızwe usually don't wound | sizjaralamawçansızyou all usually don't wound | alajaralamawçandılathey usually don't wound |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaralawçanmamı? jaralawçanmıma?do I usually wound? | senjaralawçanmısa?do you usually wound? | oljaralawçanmıdı?does he usually wound? | bizjaralawçanbızmı? jaralawçanmıbız?do we usually wound? | sizjaralawçanmısız?do you all usually wound? | alajaralawçanmıdıla?do they usually wound? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaralamawçanmamı? jaralamawçanmıma?do I usually not wound? | senjaralamawçanmısa?do you usually not wound? | oljaralamawçanmıdı?does he usually not wound? | bizjaralamawçanbızmı? jaralamawçanmıbız?do we usually not wound? | sizjaralamawçanmısız?do you all usually not wound? | alajaralamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not wound? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaralabdıhe has wounded and remains so | alajaralabdılathey have wounded and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaralabmıdı?has he wounded? | alajaralabmıdıla?have they wounded? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaralab turamaI keep wounding | senjaralab turasayou keep wounding | oljaralab turadıhe keeps wounding | bizjaralab turabızwe keep wounding | sizjaralab turasızyou all keep wounding | alajaralab turadılathey keep wounding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaralab turmaymaI don't keep wounding | senjaralab turmaysayou don't keep wounding | oljaralab turmaydıhe doesn't keep wounding | bizjaralab turmaybızwe don't keep wounding | sizjaralab turmaysızyou all don't keep wounding | alajaralab turmaydılathey don't keep wounding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaralab turamamı? jaralab turamıma?do I keep wounding? | senjaralab turamısa?do you keep wounding? | oljaralab turamıdı?does he keep wounding? | bizjaralab turabızmı? jaralab turamıbız?do we keep wounding? | sizjaralab turamısız?do you all keep wounding? | alajaralab turamıdıla?do they keep wounding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaralab turmaymamı? jaralab turmaymıma?don't I keep wounding? | senjaralab turmaymısa?don't you keep wounding? | oljaralab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep wounding? | bizjaralab turmaybızmı? jaralab turmaymıbız?don't we keep wounding? | sizjaralab turmaymısız?don't you all keep wounding? | alajaralab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep wounding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaralay turamaI am in the middle of wounding | senjaralay turasayou are in the middle of wounding | oljaralay turadıhe is in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay turabızwe are in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay turasızyou all are in the middle of wounding | alajaralay turadılathey are in the middle of wounding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaralay turmaymaI am not in the middle of wounding | senjaralay turmaysayou are not in the middle of wounding | oljaralay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of wounding | alajaralay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of wounding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaralay turamamı? jaralay turamıma?am I in the middle of wounding? | senjaralay turamısa?are you in the middle of wounding? | oljaralay turamıdı?is he in the middle of wounding? | bizjaralay turabızmı? jaralay turamıbız?are we in the middle of wounding? | sizjaralay turamısız?are you all in the middle of wounding? | alajaralay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of wounding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaralay turmaymamı? jaralay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of wounding? | senjaralay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of wounding? | oljaralay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of wounding? | bizjaralay turmaybızmı? jaralay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of wounding? | sizjaralay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of wounding? | alajaralay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of wounding? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaraladımI wounded | senjaraladıŋyou wounded | oljaraladıhe wounded | bizjaraladıqwe wounded | sizjaraladığızyou all wounded | alajaraladılathey wounded |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaralamadımI didn't wound | senjaralamadıŋyou didn't wound | oljaralamadıhe didn't wound | bizjaralamadıqwe didn't wound | sizjaralamadığızyou all didn't wound | alajaralamadılathey didn't wound |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaraladımmı?did I wound? | senjaraladıŋmı?did you wound? | oljaraladımı?did he wound? | bizjaraladıqmı?did we wound? | sizjaraladığızmı?did you all wound? | alajaraladılamı?did they wound? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaralamadımmı?didn't I wound? | senjaralamadıŋmı?didn't you wound? | oljaralamadımı?didn't he wound? | bizjaralamadıqmı?didn't we wound? | sizjaralamadığızmı?didn't you all wound? | alajaralamadılamı?didn't they wound? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaralağanmaI have wounded | senjaralağansayou have wounded | oljaralağandıhe has wounded | bizjaralağanbızwe have wounded | sizjaralağansızyou all have wounded | alajaralağandılathey have wounded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaralamağanmaI haven't wounded | senjaralamağansayou haven't wounded | oljaralamağandıhe hasn't wounded | bizjaralamağanbızwe haven't wounded | sizjaralamağansızyou all haven't wounded | alajaralamağandılathey haven't wounded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaralağanmamı? jaralağanmıma?have I wounded? | senjaralağanmısa?have you wounded? | oljaralağanmıdı?has he wounded? | bizjaralağanbızmı? jaralağanmıbız?have we wounded? | sizjaralağanmısız?have you all wounded? | alajaralağanmıdıla?have they wounded? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaralamağanmamı? jaralamağanmıma?haven't I wounded? | senjaralamağanmısa?haven't you wounded? | oljaralamağanmıdı?hasn't he wounded? | bizjaralamağanbızmı? jaralamağanmıbız?haven't we wounded? | sizjaralamağanmısız?haven't you all wounded? | alajaralamağanmıdıla?haven't they wounded? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaralab turdumI kept wounding | senjaralab turduŋyou kept wounding | oljaralab turduhe kept wounding | bizjaralab turduqwe kept wounding | sizjaralab turduğuzyou all kept wounding | alajaralab turdulathey kept wounding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaralab turmadımI didn't keep wounding | senjaralab turmadıŋyou didn't keep wounding | oljaralab turmadıhe didn't keep wounding | bizjaralab turmadıqwe didn't keep wounding | sizjaralab turmadığızyou all didn't keep wounding | alajaralab turmadılathey didn't keep wounding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaralarmaI will wound | senjaralarsayou will wound | oljaralarhe will wound | bizjaralarbızwe will wound | sizjaralarsızyou all will wound | alajaralarlathey will wound |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaralamazmaI won't wound | senjaralamazsayou won't wound | oljaralamazhe won't wound | bizjaralamazbızwe won't wound | sizjaralamazsızyou all won't wound | alajaralamazlathey won't wound |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaralarmamı? jaralarmıma?will I wound? | senjaralarmısa?will you wound? | oljaralarmı?will he wound? | bizjaralarbızmı? jaralarmıbız?will we wound? | sizjaralarmısız?will you all wound? | alajaralarlamı? jaralarmıla?will they wound? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaralamazmamı? jaralamazmıma?won't I wound? | senjaralamazmısa?won't you wound? | oljaralamazmı?won't he wound? | bizjaralamazbızmı? jaralamazmıbız?won't we wound? | sizjaralamazmısız?won't you all wound? | alajaralamazlamı? jaralamazmıla?won't they wound? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaralarıqmaI am going to wound | senjaralarıqsayou are going to wound | oljaralarıqdıhe is going to wound | bizjaralarıqbızwe are going to wound | sizjaralarıqsızyou all are going to wound | alajaralarıqdılathey are going to wound |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaralarıq tülmeI am not going to wound | senjaralarıq tülseyou are not going to wound | oljaralarıq tüldühe is not going to wound | bizjaralarıq tülbüzwe are not going to wound | sizjaralarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to wound | alajaralarıq tüldülethey are not going to wound |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaralarıqmamı? jaralarıqmıma?am I going to wound? | senjaralarıqmısa?are you going to wound? | oljaralarıqmıdı?is he going to wound? | bizjaralarıqbızmı? jaralarıqmıbız?are we going to wound? | sizjaralarıqmısız?are you all going to wound? | alajaralarıqmıdıla?are they going to wound? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaralarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to wound? | senjaralarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to wound? | oljaralarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to wound? | bizjaralarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to wound? | sizjaralarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to wound? | alajaralarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to wound? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaralağan edimjaralağanemI had wounded | senjaralağan ediŋjaralağaneŋyou had wounded | oljaralağan edijaralağanedhe had wounded | bizjaralağan edikjaralağanekwe had wounded | sizjaralağan edigizjaralağanegizyou all had wounded | alajaralağan edilejaralağanellethey had wounded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaralamağan edimjaralamağanemI hadn't wounded | senjaralamağan ediŋjaralamağaneŋyou hadn't wounded | oljaralamağan edijaralamağanedhe hadn't wounded | bizjaralamağan edikjaralamağanekwe hadn't wounded | sizjaralamağan edigizjaralamağanegizyou all hadn't wounded | alajaralamağan edilejaralamağanellethey hadn't wounded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaralay edimjaralayemI was wounding | senjaralay ediŋjaralayeŋyou were wounding | oljaralay edijaralayedhe was wounding | bizjaralay edikjaralayekwe were wounding | sizjaralay edigizjaralayegizyou all were wounding | alajaralay edilejaralayellethey were wounding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaralamay edimjaralamayemI wasn't wounding | senjaralamay ediŋjaralamayeŋyou weren't wounding | oljaralamay edijaralamayedhe wasn't wounding | bizjaralamay edikjaralamayekwe weren't wounding | sizjaralamay edigizjaralamayegizyou all weren't wounding | alajaralamay edilejaralamayellethey weren't wounding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaralawçan edimjaralawçanemI used to wound | senjaralawçan ediŋjaralawçaneŋyou used to wound | oljaralawçan edijaralawçanedhe used to wound | bizjaralawçan edikjaralawçanekwe used to wound | sizjaralawçan edigizjaralawçanegizyou all used to wound | alajaralawçan edilejaralawçanellethey used to wound |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaralamawçan edimjaralamawçanemI didn't use to wound | senjaralamawçan ediŋjaralamawçaneŋyou didn't use to wound | oljaralamawçan edijaralamawçanedhe didn't use to wound | bizjaralamawçan edikjaralamawçanekwe didn't use to wound | sizjaralamawçan edigizjaralamawçanegizyou all didn't use to wound | alajaralamawçan edilejaralamawçanellethey didn't use to wound |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaralab edihe had wounded and remained so | alajaralab edilethey had wounded and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaralab tül edihe hadn't wounded | alajaralab tül edilethey hadn't wounded | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaralab tura edimjaralab turaemI had kept wounding | senjaralab tura ediŋjaralab turaeŋyou had kept wounding | oljaralab tura edijaralab turaedhe had kept wounding | bizjaralab tura edikjaralab turaekwe had kept wounding | sizjaralab tura edigizjaralab turaegizyou all had kept wounding | alajaralab tura edilejaralab turaellethey had kept wounding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaralab turmay edimjaralab turmayemI hadn't kept wounding | senjaralab turmay ediŋjaralab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept wounding | oljaralab turmay edijaralab turmayedhe hadn't kept wounding | bizjaralab turmay edikjaralab turmayekwe hadn't kept wounding | sizjaralab turmay edigizjaralab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept wounding | alajaralab turmay edilejaralab turmayellethey hadn't kept wounding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaralay tura edimjaralay turaemI was in the middle of wounding | senjaralay tura ediŋjaralay turaeŋyou were in the middle of wounding | oljaralay tura edijaralay turaedhe was in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay tura edikjaralay turaekwe were in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay tura edigizjaralay turaegizyou all were in the middle of wounding | alajaralay tura edilejaralay turaellethey were in the middle of wounding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaralay turmay edimjaralay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of wounding | senjaralay turmay ediŋjaralay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of wounding | oljaralay turmay edijaralay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay turmay edikjaralay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay turmay edigizjaralay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of wounding | alajaralay turmay edilejaralay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of wounding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjaralar edimjaralar emI would wound | senjaralar ediŋjaralar eŋyou would wound | oljaralar edijaralar edhe would wound | bizjaralar edikjaralar ekwe would wound | sizjaralar edigizjaralar egizyou all would wound | alajaralar edilejaralar ellethey would wound |
| Conditional result (would) | menjaralamaz edimjaralamaz emI wouldn't wound | senjaralamaz ediŋjaralamaz eŋyou wouldn't wound | oljaralamaz edijaralamaz edhe wouldn't wound | bizjaralamaz edikjaralamaz ekwe wouldn't wound | sizjaralamaz edigizjaralamaz egizyou all wouldn't wound | alajaralamaz edilejaralamaz ellethey wouldn't wound |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaralarıq edimjaralarıq emI would have wounded | senjaralarıq ediŋjaralarıq eŋyou would have wounded | oljaralarıq edijaralarıq edhe would have wounded | bizjaralarıq edikjaralarıq ekwe would have wounded | sizjaralarıq edigizjaralarıq egizyou all would have wounded | alajaralarıq edilejaralarıq ellethey would have wounded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaralarıq tül edimjaralarıq tül emI wouldn't have wounded | senjaralarıq tül ediŋjaralarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have wounded | oljaralarıq tül edijaralarıq tül edhe wouldn't have wounded | bizjaralarıq tül edikjaralarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have wounded | sizjaralarıq tül edigizjaralarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have wounded | alajaralarıq tül edilejaralarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have wounded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjaralasamif I wound | senjaralasaŋif you wound | oljaralasaif he wounds | bizjaralasaqif we wound | sizjaralasağızif you all wound | alajaralasalaif they wound |
| Conditional | menjaralamasamif I don't wound | senjaralamasaŋif you don't wound | oljaralamasaif he doesn't wound | bizjaralamasaqif we don't wound | sizjaralamasağızif you all don't wound | alajaralamasalaif they don't wound |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjaralay esemif I am wounding | senjaralay eseŋif you are wounding | oljaralay eseif he is wounding | bizjaralay esekif we are wounding | sizjaralay esegizif you all are wounding | alajaralay eseleif they are wounding |
| Conditional, present real | menjaralamay esemif I am not wounding | senjaralamay eseŋif you are not wounding | oljaralamay eseif he is not wounding | bizjaralamay esekif we are not wounding | sizjaralamay esegizif you all are not wounding | alajaralamay eseleif they are not wounding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaralasam edijaralasam edif only I wounded | senjaralasaŋ edijaralasaŋ edif only you wounded | oljaralasa edijaralasaedif only he wounded | bizjaralasaq edijaralasaq edif only we wounded | sizjaralasağız edijaralasağız edif only you all wounded | alajaralasala edijaralasalaedif only they wounded |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaralamasam edijaralamasam edif only I didn't wound | senjaralamasaŋ edijaralamasaŋ edif only you didn't wound | oljaralamasa edijaralamasaedif only he didn't wound | bizjaralamasaq edijaralamasaq edif only we didn't wound | sizjaralamasağız edijaralamasağız edif only you all didn't wound | alajaralamasala edijaralamasalaedif only they didn't wound |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjaralab tursamif I carry on wounding | senjaralab tursaŋif you carry on wounding | oljaralab tursaif he carries on wounding | bizjaralab tursaqif we carry on wounding | sizjaralab tursağızif you all carry on wounding | alajaralab tursalaif they carry on wounding |
| Durative conditional | menjaralab turmasamif I don't carry on wounding | senjaralab turmasaŋif you don't carry on wounding | oljaralab turmasaif he doesn't carry on wounding | bizjaralab turmasaqif we don't carry on wounding | sizjaralab turmasağızif you all don't carry on wounding | alajaralab turmasalaif they don't carry on wounding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaralab tura esemif I have kept wounding | senjaralab tura eseŋif you have kept wounding | oljaralab tura eseif he has kept wounding | bizjaralab tura esekif we have kept wounding | sizjaralab tura esegizif you all have kept wounding | alajaralab tura eseleif they have kept wounding |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaralab turmay esemif I haven't kept wounding | senjaralab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept wounding | oljaralab turmay eseif he hasn't kept wounding | bizjaralab turmay esekif we haven't kept wounding | sizjaralab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept wounding | alajaralab turmay eseleif they haven't kept wounding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjaralay tursamif I keep wounding | senjaralay tursaŋif you keep wounding | oljaralay tursaif he keeps wounding | bizjaralay tursaqif we keep wounding | sizjaralay tursağızif you all keep wounding | alajaralay tursalaif they keep wounding |
| Progressive conditional | menjaralamay tursamif I keep on not wounding | senjaralamay tursaŋif you keep on not wounding | oljaralamay tursaif he keeps on not wounding | bizjaralamay tursaqif we keep on not wounding | sizjaralamay tursağızif you all keep on not wounding | alajaralamay tursalaif they keep on not wounding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaralay tura esemif I am in the middle of wounding | senjaralay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of wounding | oljaralay tura eseif he is in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay tura esekif we are in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of wounding | alajaralay tura eseleif they are in the middle of wounding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaralamay tura esemif I keep on not wounding | senjaralamay tura eseŋif you keep on not wounding | oljaralamay tura eseif he keeps on not wounding | bizjaralamay tura esekif we keep on not wounding | sizjaralamay tura esegizif you all keep on not wounding | alajaralamay tura eseleif they keep on not wounding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaraladım esemif I wounded | senjaraladıŋ eseŋif you wounded | oljaraladı eseif he wounded | bizjaraladıq esekif we wounded | sizjaraladığız esegizif you all wounded | alajaraladıla eseleif they wounded |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaralamadım esemif I didn't wound | senjaralamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't wound | oljaralamadı eseif he didn't wound | bizjaralamadıq esekif we didn't wound | sizjaralamadığız esegizif you all didn't wound | alajaralamadıla eseleif they didn't wound |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjaralağan esemif I did wound (indeed) | senjaralağan eseŋif you did wound (indeed) | oljaralağan eseif he did wound (indeed) | bizjaralağan esekif we did wound (indeed) | sizjaralağan esegizif you all did wound (indeed) | alajaralağan eseleif they did wound (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjaralamağan esemif I didn't wound (indeed) | senjaralamağan eseŋif you didn't wound (indeed) | oljaralamağan eseif he didn't wound (indeed) | bizjaralamağan esekif we didn't wound (indeed) | sizjaralamağan esegizif you all didn't wound (indeed) | alajaralamağan eseleif they didn't wound (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaralağan bolsamif I had wounded | senjaralağan bolsaŋif you had wounded | oljaralağan bolsaif he had wounded | bizjaralağan bolsaqif we had wounded | sizjaralağan bolsağızif you all had wounded | alajaralağan bolsalaif they had wounded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaralamağan bolsamif I hadn't wounded | senjaralamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't wounded | oljaralamağan bolsaif he hadn't wounded | bizjaralamağan bolsaqif we hadn't wounded | sizjaralamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't wounded | alajaralamağan bolsalaif they hadn't wounded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaralağan bolsam edijaralağan bolsam edif only I had wounded | senjaralağan bolsaŋ edijaralağan bolsaŋ edif only you had wounded | oljaralağan bolsa edijaralağan bolsaedif only he had wounded | bizjaralağan bolsaq edijaralağan bolsaq edif only we had wounded | sizjaralağan bolsağız edijaralağan bolsağız edif only you all had wounded | alajaralağan bolsala edijaralağan bolsalaedif only they had wounded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaralamağan bolsam edijaralamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't wounded | senjaralamağan bolsaŋ edijaralamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't wounded | oljaralamağan bolsa edijaralamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't wounded | bizjaralamağan bolsaq edijaralamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't wounded | sizjaralamağan bolsağız edijaralamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't wounded | alajaralamağan bolsala edijaralamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't wounded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjaralar esemif I will wound | senjaralar eseŋif you will wound | oljaralar eseif he will wound | bizjaralar esekif we will wound | sizjaralar esegizif you all will wound | alajaralar eseleif they will wound |
| Conditional, aorist | menjaralamaz esemif I won't wound | senjaralamaz eseŋif you won't wound | oljaralamaz eseif he won't wound | bizjaralamaz esekif we won't wound | sizjaralamaz esegizif you all won't wound | alajaralamaz eseleif they won't wound |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjaralarıq esemif I am going to wound | senjaralarıq eseŋif you are going to wound | oljaralarıq eseif he is going to wound | bizjaralarıq esekif we are going to wound | sizjaralarıq esegizif you all are going to wound | alajaralarıq eseleif they are going to wound |
| Conditional, future | menjaralarıq tül esemif I am not going to wound | senjaralarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to wound | oljaralarıq tül eseif he is not going to wound | bizjaralarıq tül esekif we are not going to wound | sizjaralarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to wound | alajaralarıq tül eseleif they are not going to wound |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaralarıq bolsamif I were going to wound | senjaralarıq bolsaŋif you were going to wound | oljaralarıq bolsaif he were going to wound | bizjaralarıq bolsaqif we were going to wound | sizjaralarıq bolsağızif you all were going to wound | alajaralarıq bolsalaif they were going to wound |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaralamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to wound | senjaralamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to wound | oljaralamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to wound | bizjaralamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to wound | sizjaralamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to wound | alajaralamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to wound |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jaraladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaralay bolurmaI must be wounding | senjaralay bolursayou must be wounding | oljaralay bolurhe must be wounding | bizjaralay bolurbuzwe must be wounding | sizjaralay bolursuzyou all must be wounding | alajaralay bolurlathey must be wounding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaralamay bolurmaI must not be wounding | senjaralamay bolursayou must not be wounding | oljaralamay bolurhe must not be wounding | bizjaralamay bolurbuzwe must not be wounding | sizjaralamay bolursuzyou all must not be wounding | alajaralamay bolurlathey must not be wounding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaralay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of wounding | senjaralay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of wounding | oljaralay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of wounding | alajaralay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of wounding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaralamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not wounding | senjaralamay tura bolursayou must keep on not wounding | oljaralamay tura bolurhe must keep on not wounding | bizjaralamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not wounding | sizjaralamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not wounding | alajaralamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not wounding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjaralağan bolurmaI must have wounded | senjaralağan bolursayou must have wounded | oljaralağan bolurhe must have wounded | bizjaralağan bolurbuzwe must have wounded | sizjaralağan bolursuzyou all must have wounded | alajaralağan bolurlathey must have wounded |
| Inference (must have) | menjaralamağan bolurmaI must not have wounded | senjaralamağan bolursayou must not have wounded | oljaralamağan bolurhe must not have wounded | bizjaralamağan bolurbuzwe must not have wounded | sizjaralamağan bolursuzyou all must not have wounded | alajaralamağan bolurlathey must not have wounded |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaralarıq bolurmaI must be going to wound | senjaralarıq bolursayou must be going to wound | oljaralarıq bolurhe must be going to wound | bizjaralarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to wound | sizjaralarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to wound | alajaralarıq bolurlathey must be going to wound |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaralamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to wound | senjaralamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to wound | oljaralamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to wound | bizjaralamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to wound | sizjaralamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to wound | alajaralamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to wound |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjaralayımlet me wound | senjarala!wound! | oljaralasınlet him wound | bizjaralayıqlet's wound | sizjaralağız!wound, you all! | alajaralasınlalet them wound |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaralamayımlet me not wound | senjaralama!don't wound! | oljaralamasınlet him not wound | bizjaralamayıqlet's not wound | sizjaralamağız!don't wound, you all! | alajaralamasınlalet them not wound |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaralayımmı?shall I wound? | oljaralasınmı?should he wound? | bizjaralayıqmı?shall we wound? | alajaralasınlamı?should they wound? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjaralamayımmı?shall I not wound? | oljaralamasınmı?should he not wound? | bizjaralamayıqmı?shall we not wound? | alajaralamasınlamı?should they not wound? | ||
| Requests | senjaralaçı2jaralaçınplease wound | oljaralasınçıdo let him wound | sizjaralaçığızplease wound (plural/polite) | alajaralasınlaçıdo let them wound | ||
| Requests | senjaralamaçı2jaralamaçınplease don't wound | oljaralamasınçıdo let him not wound | sizjaralamaçığızplease don't wound (plural/polite) | alajaralamasınlaçıdo let them not wound | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaralağınjaralağımay you wound | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaralamağınjaralamağımay you not wound | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaralağay edim jaralağa edimwould that I wounded | senjaralağay ediŋ jaralağa ediŋwould that you wounded | oljaralağay edi jaralağa ediwould that he wounded | bizjaralağay edik jaralağa edikwould that we wounded | sizjaralağay edigiz jaralağa edigizwould that you all wounded | alajaralağay edile jaralağa edilewould that they wounded |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaralamağay edim jaralamağa edimwould that I did not wound | senjaralamağay ediŋ jaralamağa ediŋwould that you did not wound | oljaralamağay edi jaralamağa ediwould that he did not wound | bizjaralamağay edik jaralamağa edikwould that we did not wound | sizjaralamağay edigiz jaralamağa edigizwould that you all did not wound | alajaralamağay edile jaralamağa edilewould that they did not wound |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaralamağa qoyayımjaralama qoyayımlet me allow someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoy!jaralama qoy!let someone wound! | oljaralamağa qoysunjaralama qoysunlet him allow someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoyayıqjaralama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoyuğuz!jaralama qoyuğuz!let someone wound, you all! | alajaralamağa qoysunlajaralama qoysunlalet them allow someone to wound |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaralamağa qoymayımjaralama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoyma!jaralama qoyma!don't let someone wound! | oljaralamağa qoymasınjaralama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoymayıqjaralama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoymağız!jaralama qoymağız!don't let someone wound, you all! | alajaralamağa qoymasınlajaralama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to wound |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaralamağa qoyayımmı?jaralama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoysunmu?jaralama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoyayıqmı?jaralama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoysunlamı?jaralama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to wound? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaralamağa qoymayımmı?jaralama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoymasınmı?jaralama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoymayıqmı?jaralama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoymasınlamı?jaralama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to wound? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjaralamağa qoyamajaralama qoyamaI allow someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoyasajaralama qoyasayou allow someone to wound | oljaralamağa qoyadıjaralama qoyadıhe allows someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoyabızjaralama qoyabızwe allow someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoyasızjaralama qoyasızyou all allow someone to wound | alajaralamağa qoyadılajaralama qoyadılathey allow someone to wound |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaralamağa qoymaymajaralama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoymaysajaralama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to wound | oljaralamağa qoymaydıjaralama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoymaybızjaralama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoymaysızjaralama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to wound | alajaralamağa qoymaydılajaralama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to wound |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaralamağa qoyamamı?jaralama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to wound? | senjaralamağa qoyamısa?jaralama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoyamıdı?jaralama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoyabızmı?jaralama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to wound? | sizjaralamağa qoyamısız?jaralama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoyamıdıla?jaralama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to wound? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaralamağa qoymaymamı?jaralama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to wound? | senjaralamağa qoymaymısa?jaralama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoymaymıdı?jaralama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoymaybızmı?jaralama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to wound? | sizjaralamağa qoymaymısız?jaralama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoymaymıdıla?jaralama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to wound? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaralamağa qoydumjaralama qoydumI allowed someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoyduŋjaralama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to wound | oljaralamağa qoydujaralama qoyduhe allowed someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoyduqjaralama qoyduqwe allowed someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoyduğuzjaralama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to wound | alajaralamağa qoydulajaralama qoydulathey allowed someone to wound |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaralamağa qoymadımjaralama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to wound | senjaralamağa qoymadıŋjaralama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to wound | oljaralamağa qoymadıjaralama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to wound | bizjaralamağa qoymadıqjaralama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to wound | sizjaralamağa qoymadığızjaralama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to wound | alajaralamağa qoymadılajaralama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to wound |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaralamağa qoydummu?jaralama qoydummu?did I allow someone to wound? | senjaralamağa qoyduŋmu?jaralama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoydumu?jaralama qoydumu?did he allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoyduqmu?jaralama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to wound? | sizjaralamağa qoyduğuzmu?jaralama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoydulamı?jaralama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to wound? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaralamağa qoymadımmı?jaralama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to wound? | senjaralamağa qoymadıŋmı?jaralama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to wound? | oljaralamağa qoymadımı?jaralama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to wound? | bizjaralamağa qoymadıqmı?jaralama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to wound? | sizjaralamağa qoymadığızmı?jaralama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to wound? | alajaralamağa qoymadılamı?jaralama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to wound? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjaralayalamaI can wound | senjaralayalasayou can wound | oljaralayaladıhe can wound | bizjaralayalabızwe can wound | sizjaralayalasızyou all can wound | alajaralayaladılathey can wound |
| Ability — present | menjaralayalmaymaI can't wound | senjaralayalmaysayou can't wound | oljaralayalmaydıhe can't wound | bizjaralayalmaybızwe can't wound | sizjaralayalmaysızyou all can't wound | alajaralayalmaydılathey can't wound |
| Ability — present | menjaralayalamamı? jaralayalamıma?can I wound? | senjaralayalamısa?can you wound? | oljaralayalamıdı?can he wound? | bizjaralayalabızmı? jaralayalamıbız?can we wound? | sizjaralayalamısız?can you all wound? | alajaralayalamıdıla?can they wound? |
| Ability — present | menjaralayalmaymamı? jaralayalmaymıma?can't I wound? | senjaralayalmaymısa?can't you wound? | oljaralayalmaymıdı?can't he wound? | bizjaralayalmaybızmı? jaralayalmaymıbız?can't we wound? | sizjaralayalmaymısız?can't you all wound? | alajaralayalmaymıdıla?can't they wound? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaralayalsamif I can wound | senjaralayalsaŋif you can wound | oljaralayalsaif he can wound | bizjaralayalsaqif we can wound | sizjaralayalsağızif you all can wound | alajaralayalsalaif they can wound |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaralayalmasamif I can't wound | senjaralayalmasaŋif you can't wound | oljaralayalmasaif he can't wound | bizjaralayalmasaqif we can't wound | sizjaralayalmasağızif you all can't wound | alajaralayalmasalaif they can't wound |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjaralayaldımI was able to wound | senjaralayaldıŋyou were able to wound | oljaralayaldıhe was able to wound | bizjaralayaldıqwe were able to wound | sizjaralayaldığızyou all were able to wound | alajaralayaldılathey were able to wound |
| Ability — simple past | menjaralayalmadımI could not wound | senjaralayalmadıŋyou could not wound | oljaralayalmadıhe could not wound | bizjaralayalmadıqwe could not wound | sizjaralayalmadığızyou all could not wound | alajaralayalmadılathey could not wound |
| Ability — simple past | menjaralayaldımmı?was I able to wound? | senjaralayaldıŋmı?were you able to wound? | oljaralayaldımı?was he able to wound? | bizjaralayaldıqmı?were we able to wound? | sizjaralayaldığızmı?were you all able to wound? | alajaralayaldılamı?were they able to wound? |
| Ability — simple past | menjaralayalmadımmı?couldn't I wound? | senjaralayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you wound? | oljaralayalmadımı?couldn't he wound? | bizjaralayalmadıqmı?couldn't we wound? | sizjaralayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all wound? | alajaralayalmadılamı?couldn't they wound? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaralayalğanmaI have been able to wound | senjaralayalğansayou have been able to wound | oljaralayalğandıhe has been able to wound | bizjaralayalğanbızwe have been able to wound | sizjaralayalğansızyou all have been able to wound | alajaralayalğandılathey have been able to wound |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaralayalmağanmaI haven't been able to wound | senjaralayalmağansayou haven't been able to wound | oljaralayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to wound | bizjaralayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to wound | sizjaralayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to wound | alajaralayalmağandılathey haven't been able to wound |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaralayalğanmamı? jaralayalğanmıma?have I been able to wound? | senjaralayalğanmısa?have you been able to wound? | oljaralayalğanmıdı?has he been able to wound? | bizjaralayalğanbızmı? jaralayalğanmıbız?have we been able to wound? | sizjaralayalğanmısız?have you all been able to wound? | alajaralayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to wound? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaralayalmağanmamı? jaralayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to wound? | senjaralayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to wound? | oljaralayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to wound? | bizjaralayalmağanbızmı? jaralayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to wound? | sizjaralayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to wound? | alajaralayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to wound? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaralayalğan edimjaralayalğanemI had been able to wound | senjaralayalğan ediŋjaralayalğaneŋyou had been able to wound | oljaralayalğan edijaralayalğanedhe had been able to wound | bizjaralayalğan edikjaralayalğanekwe had been able to wound | sizjaralayalğan edigizjaralayalğanegizyou all had been able to wound | alajaralayalğan edilejaralayalğanellethey had been able to wound |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaralayalmağan edimjaralayalmağanemI hadn't been able to wound | senjaralayalmağan ediŋjaralayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to wound | oljaralayalmağan edijaralayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to wound | bizjaralayalmağan edikjaralayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to wound | sizjaralayalmağan edigizjaralayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to wound | alajaralayalmağan edilejaralayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to wound |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjaralayala edimjaralayalaemI could wound | senjaralayala ediŋjaralayalaeŋyou could wound | oljaralayala edijaralayalaedhe could wound | bizjaralayala edikjaralayalaekwe could wound | sizjaralayala edigizjaralayalaegizyou all could wound | alajaralayala edilejaralayalaellethey could wound |
| Ability — past background | menjaralayalmay edimjaralayalmayemI could not wound | senjaralayalmay ediŋjaralayalmayeŋyou could not wound | oljaralayalmay edijaralayalmayedhe could not wound | bizjaralayalmay edikjaralayalmayekwe could not wound | sizjaralayalmay edigizjaralayalmayegizyou all could not wound | alajaralayalmay edilejaralayalmayellethey could not wound |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjaralayalırmaI will be able to wound | senjaralayalırsayou will be able to wound | oljaralayalırhe will be able to wound | bizjaralayalırbızwe will be able to wound | sizjaralayalırsızyou all will be able to wound | alajaralayalırlathey will be able to wound |
| Ability — future I | menjaralayalmazmaI won't be able to wound | senjaralayalmazsayou won't be able to wound | oljaralayalmazhe won't be able to wound | bizjaralayalmazbızwe won't be able to wound | sizjaralayalmazsızyou all won't be able to wound | alajaralayalmazlathey won't be able to wound |
| Ability — future I | menjaralayalırmamı? jaralayalırmıma?will I be able to wound? | senjaralayalırmısa?will you be able to wound? | oljaralayalırmı?will he be able to wound? | bizjaralayalırbızmı? jaralayalırmıbız?will we be able to wound? | sizjaralayalırmısız?will you all be able to wound? | alajaralayalırlamı? jaralayalırmıla?will they be able to wound? |
| Ability — future I | menjaralayalmazmamı? jaralayalmazmıma?won't I be able to wound? | senjaralayalmazmısa?won't you be able to wound? | oljaralayalmazmı?won't he be able to wound? | bizjaralayalmazbızmı? jaralayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to wound? | sizjaralayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to wound? | alajaralayalmazlamı? jaralayalmazmıla?won't they be able to wound? |
| Ability — future II | menjaralayallıqmaI am going to be able to wound | senjaralayallıqsayou are going to be able to wound | oljaralayallıqdıhe is going to be able to wound | bizjaralayallıqbızwe are going to be able to wound | sizjaralayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to wound | alajaralayallıqdılathey are going to be able to wound |
| Ability — future II | menjaralayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to wound | senjaralayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to wound | oljaralayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to wound | bizjaralayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to wound | sizjaralayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to wound | alajaralayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to wound |
| Ability — future II | menjaralayallıqmamı? jaralayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to wound? | senjaralayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to wound? | oljaralayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to wound? | bizjaralayallıqbızmı? jaralayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to wound? | sizjaralayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to wound? | alajaralayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to wound? |
| Ability — future II | menjaralayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to wound? | senjaralayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to wound? | oljaralayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to wound? | bizjaralayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to wound? | sizjaralayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to wound? | alajaralayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to wound? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaralayalır edimjaralayalır emI would be able to wound | senjaralayalır ediŋjaralayalır eŋyou would be able to wound | oljaralayalır edijaralayalır edhe would be able to wound | bizjaralayalır edikjaralayalır ekwe would be able to wound | sizjaralayalır edigizjaralayalır egizyou all would be able to wound | alajaralayalır edilejaralayalır ellethey would be able to wound |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaralayalmaz edimjaralayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to wound | senjaralayalmaz ediŋjaralayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to wound | oljaralayalmaz edijaralayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to wound | bizjaralayalmaz edikjaralayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to wound | sizjaralayalmaz edigizjaralayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to wound | alajaralayalmaz edilejaralayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to wound |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaralayalğınjaralayalğımay you be able to wound | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaralayalmağınjaralayalmağımay you not be able to wound | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjaralarğa izleymeI want to wound | senjaralarğa izleyseyou want to wound | oljaralarğa izleydihe wants to wound | bizjaralarğa izleybizwe want to wound | sizjaralarğa izleysizyou all want to wound | alajaralarğa izleydilethey want to wound |
| want to | menjaralarğa izlemeymeI do not want to wound | senjaralarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to wound | oljaralarğa izlemeydihe does not want to wound | bizjaralarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to wound | sizjaralarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to wound | alajaralarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to wound |
| would like to | menjaralarğa süemeI would like to wound | senjaralarğa süeseyou would like to wound | oljaralarğa süedihe would like to wound | bizjaralarğa süebizwe would like to wound | sizjaralarğa süesizyou all would like to wound | alajaralarğa süedilethey would like to wound |
| would like to | menjaralarğa süymeymeI would not like to wound | senjaralarğa süymeyseyou would not like to wound | oljaralarğa süymeydihe would not like to wound | bizjaralarğa süymeybizwe would not like to wound | sizjaralarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to wound | alajaralarğa süymeydilethey would not like to wound |
| hope to | menjaralarğa umutlanamaI hope to wound | senjaralarğa umutlanasayou hope to wound | oljaralarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to wound | bizjaralarğa umutlanabızwe hope to wound | sizjaralarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to wound | alajaralarğa umutlanadılathey hope to wound |
| hope to | menjaralarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to wound | senjaralarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to wound | oljaralarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to wound | bizjaralarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to wound | sizjaralarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to wound | alajaralarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to wound |
| be about to | menjaralarğa deb turamaI am about to wound | senjaralarğa deb turasayou are about to wound | oljaralarğa deb turadıhe is about to wound | bizjaralarğa deb turabızwe are about to wound | sizjaralarğa deb turasızyou all are about to wound | alajaralarğa deb turadılathey are about to wound |
| be about to | menjaralarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to wound | senjaralarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to wound | oljaralarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to wound | bizjaralarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to wound | sizjaralarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to wound | alajaralarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to wound |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjaralarğa kerekmeI need to wound | senjaralarğa kerekseyou need to wound | oljaralarğa kerekdihe needs to wound | bizjaralarğa kerekbizwe need to wound | sizjaralarğa kereksizyou all need to wound | alajaralarğa kerekdilethey need to wound |
| need to | menjaralarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to wound | senjaralarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to wound | oljaralarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to wound | bizjaralarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to wound | sizjaralarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to wound | alajaralarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to wound |
| have to | menmenŋe jaralarğa tüşediI have to wound | sensenŋe jaralarğa tüşediyou have to wound | olaŋa jaralarğa tüşedihe has to wound | bizbizge jaralarğa tüşediwe have to wound | sizsizge jaralarğa tüşediyou all have to wound | alaalağa jaralarğa tüşedithey have to wound |
| have to | menmenŋe jaralarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to wound | sensenŋe jaralarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to wound | olaŋa jaralarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to wound | bizbizge jaralarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to wound | sizsizge jaralarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to wound | alaalağa jaralarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to wound |
| be obliged to | menjaralarğa borçlumaI am obliged to wound | senjaralarğa borçlusayou are obliged to wound | oljaralarğa borçluduhe is obliged to wound | bizjaralarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to wound | sizjaralarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to wound | alajaralarğa borçludulathey are obliged to wound |
| be obliged to | menjaralarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to wound | senjaralarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to wound | oljaralarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to wound | bizjaralarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to wound | sizjaralarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to wound | alajaralarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to wound |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjaralarğa madarım bardıI have a way to wound | senjaralarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to wound | oljaralarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to wound | bizjaralarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to wound | sizjaralarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to wound | alajaralarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to wound |
| have a way to | menjaralarğa madarım joqduI have no way to wound | senjaralarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to wound | oljaralarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to wound | bizjaralarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to wound | sizjaralarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to wound | alajaralarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to wound |
| be free to | menjaralarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to wound | senjaralarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to wound | oljaralarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to wound | bizjaralarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to wound | sizjaralarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to wound | alajaralarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to wound |
| be free to | menjaralarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to wound | senjaralarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to wound | oljaralarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to wound | bizjaralarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to wound | sizjaralarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to wound | alajaralarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to wound |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to wound | sensenŋe jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to wound | olaŋa jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to wound | bizbizge jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to wound | sizsizge jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to wound | alaalağa jaralarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to wound |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to wound | sensenŋe jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to wound | olaŋa jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to wound | bizbizge jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to wound | sizsizge jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to wound | alaalağa jaralarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to wound |
| be ready to | menjaralarğa hazırmaI am ready to wound | senjaralarğa hazırsayou are ready to wound | oljaralarğa hazırdıhe is ready to wound | bizjaralarğa hazırbızwe are ready to wound | sizjaralarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to wound | alajaralarğa hazırdılathey are ready to wound |
| be ready to | menjaralarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to wound | senjaralarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to wound | oljaralarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to wound | bizjaralarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to wound | sizjaralarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to wound | alajaralarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to wound |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjaralarğa küreşemeI am trying to wound | senjaralarğa küreşeseyou are trying to wound | oljaralarğa küreşedihe is trying to wound | bizjaralarğa küreşebizwe are trying to wound | sizjaralarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to wound | alajaralarğa küreşedilethey are trying to wound |
| try to | menjaralarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to wound | senjaralarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to wound | oljaralarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to wound | bizjaralarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to wound | sizjaralarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to wound | alajaralarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to wound |
| agree to | menjaralarğa unaymaI agree to wound | senjaralarğa unaysayou agree to wound | oljaralarğa unaydıhe agrees to wound | bizjaralarğa unaybızwe agree to wound | sizjaralarğa unaysızyou all agree to wound | alajaralarğa unaydılathey agree to wound |
| agree to | menjaralarğa unamaymaI refuse to wound | senjaralarğa unamaysayou refuse to wound | oljaralarğa unamaydıhe refuses to wound | bizjaralarğa unamaybızwe refuse to wound | sizjaralarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to wound | alajaralarğa unamaydılathey refuse to wound |
| hurry to | menjaralarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to wound | senjaralarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to wound | oljaralarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to wound | bizjaralarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to wound | sizjaralarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to wound | alajaralarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to wound |
| hurry to | menjaralarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to wound | senjaralarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to wound | oljaralarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to wound | bizjaralarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to wound | sizjaralarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to wound | alajaralarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to wound |
| be afraid to | menjaralarğa qorqamaI am afraid to wound | senjaralarğa qorqasayou are afraid to wound | oljaralarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to wound | bizjaralarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to wound | sizjaralarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to wound | alajaralarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to wound |
| be afraid to | menjaralarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to wound | senjaralarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to wound | oljaralarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to wound | bizjaralarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to wound | sizjaralarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to wound | alajaralarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to wound |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjaralay bolmazmaI can't be wounding | senjaralay bolmazsayou can't be wounding | oljaralay bolmazhe can't be wounding | bizjaralay bolmazbızwe can't be wounding | sizjaralay bolmazsızyou all can't be wounding | alajaralay bolmazlathey can't be wounding |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjaralamay bolmazmaI must be wounding (emphatic) | senjaralamay bolmazsayou must be wounding (emphatic) | oljaralamay bolmazhe must be wounding (emphatic) | bizjaralamay bolmazbızwe must be wounding (emphatic) | sizjaralamay bolmazsızyou all must be wounding (emphatic) | alajaralamay bolmazlathey must be wounding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjaralay turmasamif I don't keep wounding | senjaralay turmasaŋif you don't keep wounding | oljaralay turmasaif he doesn't keep wounding | bizjaralay turmasaqif we don't keep wounding | sizjaralay turmasağızif you all don't keep wounding | alajaralay turmasalaif they don't keep wounding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjaralay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of wounding | senjaralay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of wounding | oljaralay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of wounding | bizjaralay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of wounding | sizjaralay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of wounding | alajaralay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of wounding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjaralamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not wounding (emphatic) | senjaralamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not wounding (emphatic) | oljaralamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not wounding (emphatic) | bizjaralamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not wounding (emphatic) | sizjaralamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not wounding (emphatic) | alajaralamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not wounding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjaralamay turamaI keep on not wounding | senjaralamay turasayou keep on not wounding | oljaralamay turadıhe keeps on not wounding | bizjaralamay turabızwe keep on not wounding | sizjaralamay turasızyou all keep on not wounding | alajaralamay turadılathey keep on not wounding |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaralamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not wounding | senjaralamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not wounding | oljaralamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not wounding | bizjaralamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not wounding | sizjaralamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not wounding | alajaralamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not wounding |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaralamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not wounding? | senjaralamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not wounding? | oljaralamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not wounding? | bizjaralamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not wounding? | sizjaralamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not wounding? | alajaralamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not wounding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjaralağan bolmazmaI can't have wounded | senjaralağan bolmazsayou can't have wounded | oljaralağan bolmazhe can't have wounded | bizjaralağan bolmazbızwe can't have wounded | sizjaralağan bolmazsızyou all can't have wounded | alajaralağan bolmazlathey can't have wounded |
| Inference — double negation | menjaralamağan bolmazmaI must have wounded (emphatic) | senjaralamağan bolmazsayou must have wounded (emphatic) | oljaralamağan bolmazhe must have wounded (emphatic) | bizjaralamağan bolmazbızwe must have wounded (emphatic) | sizjaralamağan bolmazsızyou all must have wounded (emphatic) | alajaralamağan bolmazlathey must have wounded (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjaralağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had wounded | senjaralağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had wounded | oljaralağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had wounded | bizjaralağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had wounded | sizjaralağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had wounded | alajaralağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had wounded |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjaralamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't wounded | senjaralamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't wounded | oljaralamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't wounded | bizjaralamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't wounded | sizjaralamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't wounded | alajaralamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't wounded |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjaralarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to wound | senjaralarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to wound | oljaralarıq bolmazhe can't be going to wound | bizjaralarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to wound | sizjaralarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to wound | alajaralarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to wound |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjaralamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to wound (emphatic) | senjaralamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to wound (emphatic) | oljaralamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to wound (emphatic) | bizjaralamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to wound (emphatic) | sizjaralamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to wound (emphatic) | alajaralamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to wound (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjaralarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to wound | senjaralarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to wound | oljaralarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to wound | bizjaralarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to wound | sizjaralarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to wound | alajaralarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to wound |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjaralamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to wound | senjaralamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to wound | oljaralamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to wound | bizjaralamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to wound | sizjaralamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to wound | alajaralamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to wound |