honşu
/xonʃu/ · plural honşula
Balkar spelling: qonşu
1. neighbor — qonşu is the Balkar spelling.
- qabırğa honşu — a next-door neighbor
- honşubuzğa bardım — I went to our neighbor's
- honşu bla kelişmezge — not to get along with the neighbor
- honşudan kelgen aşhı söz — a kind word from a neighbor
- honşunu bilmey üy salma — don't build a house without knowing the neighbor
- honşunu tawuğu qaz körünür — the neighbor's chicken looks like a goose
- honşuŋ soqur ese, közüŋü qıs — if your neighbor is blind, squint your own eye
- honşuda malğa börü da tiymeydi — even a wolf doesn't touch the livestock at a neighbor's
2. neighboring, adjacent
- honşu el — a neighboring village
- honşu üyde — in the neighboring house
- honşu sabanlada — in the neighboring fields
- honşu elge bardıq — we went to the neighboring village
3. next door, nearby, as neighbors
- honşu jaşarğa — to live next door
- honşu jaşağan — living next door
- ala bizni bla honşu jaşaydıla — they live next door to us
- üyleni honşu işlegenbiz — we built the houses next to each other
Expressions
- qabırğa honşu — next-door neighbor
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | honşuthe neighbor | honşummy neighbor | honşuŋyour neighbor | honşusuhis neighbor | honşubuzour neighbor | honşuğuzyou all's neighbor | honşularıtheir neighbors |
| Genitive | honşunuthe neighbor's | honşumumy neighbor's | honşuŋuyour neighbor's | honşusunuhis neighbor's | honşubuznuour neighbor's | honşuğuznuyou all's neighbor's | honşularınıtheir neighbors' |
| Accusative | honşunuthe neighbor (as the object) | honşumumy neighbor (as the object) | honşuŋuyour neighbor (as the object) | honşusunhis neighbor (as the object) | honşubuznuour neighbor (as the object) | honşuğuznuyou all's neighbor (as the object) | honşularıntheir neighbors (as the object) |
| Dative | honşuğato the neighbor | honşumato my neighbor | honşuŋato your neighbor | honşusunato his neighbor | honşubuzğato our neighbor | honşuğuzğato you all's neighbor | honşularınato their neighbors |
| Locative | honşudain / at the neighbor | honşumdain / at my neighbor | honşuŋdain / at your neighbor | honşusundain / at his neighbor | honşubuzdain / at our neighbor | honşuğuzdain / at you all's neighbor | honşularındain / at their neighbors |
| Ablative | honşudanfrom the neighbor | honşumdanfrom my neighbor | honşuŋdanfrom your neighbor | honşusundanfrom his neighbor | honşubuzdanfrom our neighbor | honşuğuzdanfrom you all's neighbor | honşularındanfrom their neighbors |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | honşulathe neighbors | honşularımmy neighbors | honşularıŋyour neighbors | honşularıhis neighbors | honşularıbızour neighbors | honşularığızyou all's neighbors | honşularıtheir neighbors |
| Genitive | honşulanıthe neighbors' | honşularımımy neighbors' | honşularıŋıyour neighbors' | honşularınıhis neighbors' | honşularıbıznıour neighbors' | honşularığıznıyou all's neighbors' | honşularınıtheir neighbors' |
| Accusative | honşulanıthe neighbors (as the object) | honşularımımy neighbors (as the object) | honşularıŋıyour neighbors (as the object) | honşularınhis neighbors (as the object) | honşularıbıznıour neighbors (as the object) | honşularığıznıyou all's neighbors (as the object) | honşularıntheir neighbors (as the object) |
| Dative | honşulağato the neighbors | honşularımato my neighbors | honşularıŋato your neighbors | honşularınato his neighbors | honşularıbızğato our neighbors | honşularığızğato you all's neighbors | honşularınato their neighbors |
| Locative | honşuladain / at the neighbors | honşularımdain / at my neighbors | honşularıŋdain / at your neighbors | honşularındain / at his neighbors | honşularıbızdain / at our neighbors | honşularığızdain / at you all's neighbors | honşularındain / at their neighbors |
| Ablative | honşuladanfrom the neighbors | honşularımdanfrom my neighbors | honşularıŋdanfrom your neighbors | honşularındanfrom his neighbors | honşularıbızdanfrom our neighbors | honşularığızdanfrom you all's neighbors | honşularındanfrom their neighbors |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: honşuları can mean "his / her neighbors", "their neighbor", or "their neighbors" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | honşunuquthe neighbor's one | honşunuqulathe neighbor's ones | honşulanıqıthe neighbors' one | honşulanıqılathe neighbors' ones |
| Genitive | honşunuqunuof the neighbor's one | honşunuqulanıof the neighbor's ones | honşulanıqınıof the neighbors' one | honşulanıqılanıof the neighbors' ones |
| Accusative | honşunuqunthe neighbor's one (as the object) | honşunuqulanıthe neighbor's ones (as the object) | honşulanıqınthe neighbors' one (as the object) | honşulanıqılanıthe neighbors' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | honşunuqunato the neighbor's one | honşunuqulağato the neighbor's ones | honşulanıqınato the neighbors' one | honşulanıqılağato the neighbors' ones |
| Locative | honşunuqundain / at the neighbor's one | honşunuquladain / at the neighbor's ones | honşulanıqındain / at the neighbors' one | honşulanıqıladain / at the neighbors' ones |
| Ablative | honşunuqundanfrom the neighbor's one | honşunuquladanfrom the neighbor's ones | honşulanıqındanfrom the neighbors' one | honşulanıqıladanfrom the neighbors' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki honşudumine is adjacent | seniki honşuduyours is adjacent | anıqı honşuduhis is adjacent | bizniki honşuduours is adjacent | sizniki honşuduyours (pl.) is adjacent | alanıqı honşudutheirs is adjacent |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile honşudulamine are adjacent | senikile honşudulayours are adjacent | anıqıla honşudulahis are adjacent | biznikile honşudulaours are adjacent | siznikile honşudulayours (pl.) are adjacent | alanıqıla honşudulatheirs are adjacent |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu honşudu, bıla honşudula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".