grazhdan
/ɡraʒdan/ · plural grazhdanla
1. citizen
- Sovet Soyuznu grazhdanı — a citizen of the Soviet Union
- Rossey Federatsiyanı grazhdanı — a citizen of the Russian Federation
- grazhdanla! — citizens!
- anı grazhdanlarını sıylı borçlarıdı — are the honorable duties of its citizens
2. civil, civilian — Used before a noun, as in grazhdan aviatsiya "civil aviation", grazhdan kiyim "civilian clothes", grazhdan qazawat "civil war".
- grazhdan qazawat — civil war
- grazhdan kiyim — civilian clothes
- grazhdan aviatsiya — civil aviation
- halqnı grazhdan erkinlikleri — the people's civil liberties
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | grazhdanthe citizen | grazhdanımmy citizen | grazhdanıŋyour citizen | grazhdanıhis citizen | grazhdanıbızour citizen | grazhdanığızyou all's citizen | grazhdanlarıtheir citizens |
| Genitive | grazhdannıthe citizen's | grazhdanımımy citizen's | grazhdanıŋıyour citizen's | grazhdanınıhis citizen's | grazhdanıbıznıour citizen's | grazhdanığıznıyou all's citizen's | grazhdanlarınıtheir citizens' |
| Accusative | grazhdannıthe citizen (as the object) | grazhdanımımy citizen (as the object) | grazhdanıŋıyour citizen (as the object) | grazhdanınhis citizen (as the object) | grazhdanıbıznıour citizen (as the object) | grazhdanığıznıyou all's citizen (as the object) | grazhdanlarıntheir citizens (as the object) |
| Dative | grazhdanŋato the citizen | grazhdanımato my citizen | grazhdanıŋato your citizen | grazhdanınato his citizen | grazhdanıbızğato our citizen | grazhdanığızğato you all's citizen | grazhdanlarınato their citizens |
| Locative | grazhdandain / at the citizen | grazhdanımdain / at my citizen | grazhdanıŋdain / at your citizen | grazhdanındain / at his citizen | grazhdanıbızdain / at our citizen | grazhdanığızdain / at you all's citizen | grazhdanlarındain / at their citizens |
| Ablative | grazhdandanfrom the citizen | grazhdanımdanfrom my citizen | grazhdanıŋdanfrom your citizen | grazhdanındanfrom his citizen | grazhdanıbızdanfrom our citizen | grazhdanığızdanfrom you all's citizen | grazhdanlarındanfrom their citizens |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | grazhdanlathe citizens | grazhdanlarımmy citizens | grazhdanlarıŋyour citizens | grazhdanlarıhis citizens | grazhdanlarıbızour citizens | grazhdanlarığızyou all's citizens | grazhdanlarıtheir citizens |
| Genitive | grazhdanlanıthe citizens' | grazhdanlarımımy citizens' | grazhdanlarıŋıyour citizens' | grazhdanlarınıhis citizens' | grazhdanlarıbıznıour citizens' | grazhdanlarığıznıyou all's citizens' | grazhdanlarınıtheir citizens' |
| Accusative | grazhdanlanıthe citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarımımy citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarıŋıyour citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarınhis citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarıbıznıour citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarığıznıyou all's citizens (as the object) | grazhdanlarıntheir citizens (as the object) |
| Dative | grazhdanlağato the citizens | grazhdanlarımato my citizens | grazhdanlarıŋato your citizens | grazhdanlarınato his citizens | grazhdanlarıbızğato our citizens | grazhdanlarığızğato you all's citizens | grazhdanlarınato their citizens |
| Locative | grazhdanladain / at the citizens | grazhdanlarımdain / at my citizens | grazhdanlarıŋdain / at your citizens | grazhdanlarındain / at his citizens | grazhdanlarıbızdain / at our citizens | grazhdanlarığızdain / at you all's citizens | grazhdanlarındain / at their citizens |
| Ablative | grazhdanladanfrom the citizens | grazhdanlarımdanfrom my citizens | grazhdanlarıŋdanfrom your citizens | grazhdanlarındanfrom his citizens | grazhdanlarıbızdanfrom our citizens | grazhdanlarığızdanfrom you all's citizens | grazhdanlarındanfrom their citizens |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: grazhdanları can mean "his / her citizens", "their citizen", or "their citizens" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | grazhdannıqıthe citizen's one | grazhdannıqılathe citizen's ones | grazhdanlanıqıthe citizens' one | grazhdanlanıqılathe citizens' ones |
| Genitive | grazhdannıqınıof the citizen's one | grazhdannıqılanıof the citizen's ones | grazhdanlanıqınıof the citizens' one | grazhdanlanıqılanıof the citizens' ones |
| Accusative | grazhdannıqınthe citizen's one (as the object) | grazhdannıqılanıthe citizen's ones (as the object) | grazhdanlanıqınthe citizens' one (as the object) | grazhdanlanıqılanıthe citizens' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | grazhdannıqınato the citizen's one | grazhdannıqılağato the citizen's ones | grazhdanlanıqınato the citizens' one | grazhdanlanıqılağato the citizens' ones |
| Locative | grazhdannıqındain / at the citizen's one | grazhdannıqıladain / at the citizen's ones | grazhdanlanıqındain / at the citizens' one | grazhdanlanıqıladain / at the citizens' ones |
| Ablative | grazhdannıqındanfrom the citizen's one | grazhdannıqıladanfrom the citizen's ones | grazhdanlanıqındanfrom the citizens' one | grazhdanlanıqıladanfrom the citizens' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.