grazhdan
/ɡraʒdan/
Definition
a citizen, a person who lives permanently in a state and holds its rights and duties
- sowet Soyuznu grazhdanı — a citizen of the Soviet Union
- grazhdanla! — citizens!
- grazhdan qazawat — civil war
Related
grazhdanlıqqualitycitizenship, the standing of being a citizen of a state
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | grazhdanthe citizen | grazhdanlathe citizens | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | grazhdannıthe citizen's | grazhdanlanıthe citizens' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | grazhdannıthe citizen (as the object) | grazhdanlanıthe citizens (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | grazhdangato the citizen | grazhdanlağato the citizens | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | grazhdandaat / in the citizen | grazhdanladaat / in the citizens | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | grazhdandanfrom the citizen | grazhdanladanfrom the citizens | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | grazhdanımmy citizen | grazhdanlarımmy citizens |
| your | grazhdanıngyour citizen | grazhdanlarıngyour citizens |
| his / her | grazhdanıhis / her citizen | grazhdanlarıhis / her citizens |
| our | grazhdanıbızour citizen | grazhdanlarıbızour citizens |
| you all's | grazhdanığızyou all's citizen | grazhdanlarığızyou all's citizens |
| their | grazhdanlarıtheir citizen | grazhdanlarıtheir citizens |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: grazhdanları can mean "his / her citizens", "their citizen", or "their citizens" — context decides.