gramota
/ɡramota/ · plural gramotala
1. certificate of commendation, certificate of honor — Awarded for achievement at work or in study.
- mahtaw gramota — a certificate of commendation
- sıylı gramota — a certificate of honor
- hurmet gramota — a certificate of honor
- işi üçün gramota aldı — he received a certificate for his work
- gramota bla sawğalarğa — to reward with a certificate
- veteranlağa hurmet gramotala berdile — they gave the veterans certificates of honor
2. literacy, reading and writing; the rudiments of a subject — With a preceding noun it names the basics of that field, as in nota gramota (the basics of musical notation).
- gramotağa ürenirge — to learn to read and write
- gramotası bolğan adam — a literate person
- balala gramotağa ürenedile — the children are learning to read and write
- nota gramota — the basics of musical notation
3. charter, official document
- keleçi gramotala — credentials
- keleçi gramotasın berdi — he presented his credentials
- eski gramotala — old charters
- eski gramotanı oqudu — he read the old charter
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | gramotathe certificate | gramotammy certificate | gramotaŋyour certificate | gramotasıhis certificate | gramotabızour certificate | gramotağızyou all's certificate | gramotalarıtheir certificates |
| Genitive | gramotanıthe certificate's | gramotamımy certificate's | gramotaŋıyour certificate's | gramotasınıhis certificate's | gramotabıznıour certificate's | gramotağıznıyou all's certificate's | gramotalarınıtheir certificates' |
| Accusative | gramotanıthe certificate (as the object) | gramotamımy certificate (as the object) | gramotaŋıyour certificate (as the object) | gramotasınhis certificate (as the object) | gramotabıznıour certificate (as the object) | gramotağıznıyou all's certificate (as the object) | gramotalarıntheir certificates (as the object) |
| Dative | gramotağato the certificate | gramotamato my certificate | gramotaŋato your certificate | gramotasınato his certificate | gramotabızğato our certificate | gramotağızğato you all's certificate | gramotalarınato their certificates |
| Locative | gramotadain / at the certificate | gramotamdain / at my certificate | gramotaŋdain / at your certificate | gramotasındain / at his certificate | gramotabızdain / at our certificate | gramotağızdain / at you all's certificate | gramotalarındain / at their certificates |
| Ablative | gramotadanfrom the certificate | gramotamdanfrom my certificate | gramotaŋdanfrom your certificate | gramotasındanfrom his certificate | gramotabızdanfrom our certificate | gramotağızdanfrom you all's certificate | gramotalarındanfrom their certificates |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | gramotalathe certificates | gramotalarımmy certificates | gramotalarıŋyour certificates | gramotalarıhis certificates | gramotalarıbızour certificates | gramotalarığızyou all's certificates | gramotalarıtheir certificates |
| Genitive | gramotalanıthe certificates' | gramotalarımımy certificates' | gramotalarıŋıyour certificates' | gramotalarınıhis certificates' | gramotalarıbıznıour certificates' | gramotalarığıznıyou all's certificates' | gramotalarınıtheir certificates' |
| Accusative | gramotalanıthe certificates (as the object) | gramotalarımımy certificates (as the object) | gramotalarıŋıyour certificates (as the object) | gramotalarınhis certificates (as the object) | gramotalarıbıznıour certificates (as the object) | gramotalarığıznıyou all's certificates (as the object) | gramotalarıntheir certificates (as the object) |
| Dative | gramotalağato the certificates | gramotalarımato my certificates | gramotalarıŋato your certificates | gramotalarınato his certificates | gramotalarıbızğato our certificates | gramotalarığızğato you all's certificates | gramotalarınato their certificates |
| Locative | gramotaladain / at the certificates | gramotalarımdain / at my certificates | gramotalarıŋdain / at your certificates | gramotalarındain / at his certificates | gramotalarıbızdain / at our certificates | gramotalarığızdain / at you all's certificates | gramotalarındain / at their certificates |
| Ablative | gramotaladanfrom the certificates | gramotalarımdanfrom my certificates | gramotalarıŋdanfrom your certificates | gramotalarındanfrom his certificates | gramotalarıbızdanfrom our certificates | gramotalarığızdanfrom you all's certificates | gramotalarındanfrom their certificates |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: gramotaları can mean "his / her certificates", "their certificate", or "their certificates" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.