gramota
/ɡramota/
Definitions
1. certificate of commendation, awarded for good work
- mahtaw gramota — a certificate of commendation
- gramota bla sawğalarğa — to reward with a certificate
- işingi üçün gramota aldı — he received a certificate for his work
2. the first elements of a subject, reading and writing taken as a skill
- nota gramota — musical notation
- gramotağa ürenirge — to learn to read and write
3. charter, an official written act
- keleçi gramotala — credentials
- eski gramotala — old charters
Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | gramotathe certificate | gramotalathe certificates | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | gramotanıthe certificate's | gramotalanıthe certificates' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | gramotanıthe certificate (as the object) | gramotalanıthe certificates (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | gramotağato the certificate | gramotalağato the certificates | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | gramotadaat / in the certificate | gramotaladaat / in the certificates | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | gramotadanfrom the certificate | gramotaladanfrom the certificates | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | gramotammy certificate | gramotalarımmy certificates |
| your | gramotangyour certificate | gramotalarıngyour certificates |
| his / her | gramotasıhis / her certificate | gramotalarıhis / her certificates |
| our | gramotabızour certificate | gramotalarıbızour certificates |
| you all's | gramotağızyou all's certificate | gramotalarığızyou all's certificates |
| their | gramotalarıtheir certificate | gramotalarıtheir certificates |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: gramotaları can mean "his / her certificates", "their certificate", or "their certificates" — context decides.