Karachay

golpu

/ɡolpu/ · plural golpula

1. (adj.) wrinkled, crumpled, deformed (of clothing and the like) — Said of clothing and the like: çepkenni jağası golpu bolğandı "the collar of the dress is crumpled".
  • çepkenni jağası golpu bolğandı — the collar of the dress has gotten crumpled
  • golpu kölek — a crumpled shirt
  • kölegiŋ golpu bolğandı — your shirt has gotten wrinkled
3. (n.) clumsy person, lout (pej.) — ol golpunu nesin jaratasa "what do you like about that lout?" The phrase golpusuna jürüb keledi means "he comes walking in his clumsy way". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 mark it as disdainful.
  • ol golpunu nesin jaratasa? — what do you like about that lout?
  • golpusuna jürüb keledi — he comes walking in his clumsy way
  • Soslan golpusuna bara keledi — Soslan is coming along in his clumsy way

As an adjective

Degrees and persons

DegreemenIsenyouolhe/she/itbizwesizyou allalathey
base formgolpumaI am wrinkledgolpusayou are wrinkledgolpuduhe is wrinkledgolpubuzwe are wrinkledgolpusuzyou all are wrinkledgolpudulathey are wrinkled
comparative — moregolpuraqmaI am more wrinkledgolpuraqsayou are more wrinkledgolpuraqdıhe is more wrinkledgolpuraqbızwe are more wrinkledgolpuraqsızyou all are more wrinkledgolpuraqdılathey are more wrinkled
intensifier — verybek golpumaI am very wrinkledbek golpusayou are very wrinkledbek golpuduhe is very wrinkledbek golpubuzwe are very wrinkledbek golpusuzyou all are very wrinkledbek golpudulathey are very wrinkled
superlative — mostem golpumaI am the most wrinkledem golpusayou are the most wrinkledem golpuduhe is the most wrinkledem golpubuzwe are the most wrinkledem golpusuzyou all are the most wrinkledem golpudulathey are the most wrinkled

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden golpudu — "compared to me, he is wrinkled."

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

Degreemenikiminesenikiyoursanıqıhis / hersbiznikiourssiznikiyours (pl.)alanıqıtheirs
base formmeniki golpudumine is wrinkledseniki golpuduyours is wrinkledanıqı golpuduhis is wrinkledbizniki golpuduours is wrinkledsizniki golpuduyours (pl.) is wrinkledalanıqı golpudutheirs is wrinkled
comparative — moremeniki golpuraqdımine is more wrinkledseniki golpuraqdıyours is more wrinkledanıqı golpuraqdıhis is more wrinkledbizniki golpuraqdıours is more wrinkledsizniki golpuraqdıyours (pl.) is more wrinkledalanıqı golpuraqdıtheirs is more wrinkled
intensifier — verymeniki bek golpudumine is very wrinkledseniki bek golpuduyours is very wrinkledanıqı bek golpuduhis is very wrinkledbizniki bek golpuduours is very wrinkledsizniki bek golpuduyours (pl.) is very wrinkledalanıqı bek golpudutheirs is very wrinkled
superlative — mostmeniki em golpudumine is the most wrinkledseniki em golpuduyours is the most wrinkledanıqı em golpuduhis is the most wrinkledbizniki em golpuduours is the most wrinkledsizniki em golpuduyours (pl.) is the most wrinkledalanıqı em golpudutheirs is the most wrinkled

Several things

Degreemenikileminesenikileyoursanıqılahis / hersbiznikileourssiznikileyours (pl.)alanıqılatheirs
base formmenikile golpudulamine are wrinkledsenikile golpudulayours are wrinkledanıqıla golpudulahis are wrinkledbiznikile golpudulaours are wrinkledsiznikile golpudulayours (pl.) are wrinkledalanıqıla golpudulatheirs are wrinkled
comparative — moremenikile golpuraqdılamine are more wrinkledsenikile golpuraqdılayours are more wrinkledanıqıla golpuraqdılahis are more wrinkledbiznikile golpuraqdılaours are more wrinkledsiznikile golpuraqdılayours (pl.) are more wrinkledalanıqıla golpuraqdılatheirs are more wrinkled
intensifier — verymenikile bek golpudulamine are very wrinkledsenikile bek golpudulayours are very wrinkledanıqıla bek golpudulahis are very wrinkledbiznikile bek golpudulaours are very wrinkledsiznikile bek golpudulayours (pl.) are very wrinkledalanıqıla bek golpudulatheirs are very wrinkled
superlative — mostmenikile em golpudulamine are the most wrinkledsenikile em golpudulayours are the most wrinkledanıqıla em golpudulahis are the most wrinkledbiznikile em golpudulaours are the most wrinkledsiznikile em golpudulayours (pl.) are the most wrinkledalanıqıla em golpudulatheirs are the most wrinkled

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu golpudu, bıla golpudula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativegolputhe clumsy persongolpummy clumsy persongolpuŋyour clumsy persongolpusuhis clumsy persongolpubuzour clumsy persongolpuğuzyou all's clumsy persongolpularıtheir clumsy people
Genitivegolpunuthe clumsy person'sgolpumumy clumsy person'sgolpuŋuyour clumsy person'sgolpusunuhis clumsy person'sgolpubuznuour clumsy person'sgolpuğuznuyou all's clumsy person'sgolpularınıtheir clumsy people's
Accusativegolpunuthe clumsy person (as the object)golpumumy clumsy person (as the object)golpuŋuyour clumsy person (as the object)golpusunhis clumsy person (as the object)golpubuznuour clumsy person (as the object)golpuğuznuyou all's clumsy person (as the object)golpularıntheir clumsy people (as the object)
Dativegolpuğato the clumsy persongolpumato my clumsy persongolpuŋato your clumsy persongolpusunato his clumsy persongolpubuzğato our clumsy persongolpuğuzğato you all's clumsy persongolpularınato their clumsy people
Locativegolpudain / at the clumsy persongolpumdain / at my clumsy persongolpuŋdain / at your clumsy persongolpusundain / at his clumsy persongolpubuzdain / at our clumsy persongolpuğuzdain / at you all's clumsy persongolpularındain / at their clumsy people
Ablativegolpudanfrom the clumsy persongolpumdanfrom my clumsy persongolpuŋdanfrom your clumsy persongolpusundanfrom his clumsy persongolpubuzdanfrom our clumsy persongolpuğuzdanfrom you all's clumsy persongolpularındanfrom their clumsy people

Plural

Case—plainmenimyseniyouranıhis / herbiznioursizniyou all'salanıtheir
Nominativegolpulathe clumsy peoplegolpularımmy clumsy peoplegolpularıŋyour clumsy peoplegolpularıhis clumsy peoplegolpularıbızour clumsy peoplegolpularığızyou all's clumsy peoplegolpularıtheir clumsy people
Genitivegolpulanıthe clumsy people'sgolpularımımy clumsy people'sgolpularıŋıyour clumsy people'sgolpularınıhis clumsy people'sgolpularıbıznıour clumsy people'sgolpularığıznıyou all's clumsy people'sgolpularınıtheir clumsy people's
Accusativegolpulanıthe clumsy people (as the object)golpularımımy clumsy people (as the object)golpularıŋıyour clumsy people (as the object)golpularınhis clumsy people (as the object)golpularıbıznıour clumsy people (as the object)golpularığıznıyou all's clumsy people (as the object)golpularıntheir clumsy people (as the object)
Dativegolpulağato the clumsy peoplegolpularımato my clumsy peoplegolpularıŋato your clumsy peoplegolpularınato his clumsy peoplegolpularıbızğato our clumsy peoplegolpularığızğato you all's clumsy peoplegolpularınato their clumsy people
Locativegolpuladain / at the clumsy peoplegolpularımdain / at my clumsy peoplegolpularıŋdain / at your clumsy peoplegolpularındain / at his clumsy peoplegolpularıbızdain / at our clumsy peoplegolpularığızdain / at you all's clumsy peoplegolpularındain / at their clumsy people
Ablativegolpuladanfrom the clumsy peoplegolpularımdanfrom my clumsy peoplegolpularıŋdanfrom your clumsy peoplegolpularındanfrom his clumsy peoplegolpularıbızdanfrom our clumsy peoplegolpularığızdanfrom you all's clumsy peoplegolpularındanfrom their clumsy people

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: golpuları can mean "his / her clumsy people", "their clumsy person", or "their clumsy people" — context decides.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.