esnerge
/esnerɡe/
yawn
- esnerim keledi — I feel like yawning
- biri esneydi, biri keriledi — one yawns, another stretches
- sabiy esneydi — the child is yawning
- ol esneb başladı — he began to yawn
- biz keçe esnedik — we yawned at night
- ol erikgenden esney edi — he was yawning from boredom
Conjugation
Common forms
- esneydihe is yawning
- esnedihe yawned
- esnegendihe has yawned
- esnerhe will yawn
- esnerikdihe is going to yawn
- esney edihe was yawning
- esneseif he yawns
- esne!yawn!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menesneymeI am yawning | senesneyseyou are yawning | olesneydihe is yawning | bizesneybizwe are yawning | sizesneysizyou all are yawning | alaesneydilethey are yawning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menesnemeymeI am not yawning | senesnemeyseyou are not yawning | olesnemeydihe is not yawning | bizesnemeybizwe are not yawning | sizesnemeysizyou all are not yawning | alaesnemeydilethey are not yawning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menesneymemi? esneymime?am I yawning? | senesneymise?are you yawning? | olesneymidi?is he yawning? | bizesneybizmi? esneymibiz?are we yawning? | sizesneymisiz?are you all yawning? | alaesneymidile?are they yawning? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menesnemeymemi? esnemeymime?aren't I yawning? | senesnemeymise?aren't you yawning? | olesnemeymidi?isn't he yawning? | bizesnemeybizmi? esnemeymibiz?aren't we yawning? | sizesnemeymisiz?aren't you all yawning? | alaesnemeymidile?aren't they yawning? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menesnewçenmeI usually yawn | senesnewçenseyou usually yawn | olesnewçendihe usually yawns | bizesnewçenbizwe usually yawn | sizesnewçensizyou all usually yawn | alaesnewçendilethey usually yawn |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menesnemewçenmeI usually don't yawn | senesnemewçenseyou usually don't yawn | olesnemewçendihe usually doesn't yawn | bizesnemewçenbizwe usually don't yawn | sizesnemewçensizyou all usually don't yawn | alaesnemewçendilethey usually don't yawn |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menesnewçenmemi? esnewçenmime?do I usually yawn? | senesnewçenmise?do you usually yawn? | olesnewçenmidi?does he usually yawn? | bizesnewçenbizmi? esnewçenmibiz?do we usually yawn? | sizesnewçenmisiz?do you all usually yawn? | alaesnewçenmidile?do they usually yawn? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menesnemewçenmemi? esnemewçenmime?do I usually not yawn? | senesnemewçenmise?do you usually not yawn? | olesnemewçenmidi?does he usually not yawn? | bizesnemewçenbizmi? esnemewçenmibiz?do we usually not yawn? | sizesnemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not yawn? | alaesnemewçenmidile?do they usually not yawn? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olesnebdihe has yawned and remains so | alaesnebdilethey have yawned and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olesnebmidi?has he yawned? | alaesnebmidile?have they yawned? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menesneb turamaI keep yawning | senesneb turasayou keep yawning | olesneb turadıhe keeps yawning | bizesneb turabızwe keep yawning | sizesneb turasızyou all keep yawning | alaesneb turadılathey keep yawning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menesneb turmaymaI don't keep yawning | senesneb turmaysayou don't keep yawning | olesneb turmaydıhe doesn't keep yawning | bizesneb turmaybızwe don't keep yawning | sizesneb turmaysızyou all don't keep yawning | alaesneb turmaydılathey don't keep yawning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menesneb turamamı? esneb turamıma?do I keep yawning? | senesneb turamısa?do you keep yawning? | olesneb turamıdı?does he keep yawning? | bizesneb turabızmı? esneb turamıbız?do we keep yawning? | sizesneb turamısız?do you all keep yawning? | alaesneb turamıdıla?do they keep yawning? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menesneb turmaymamı? esneb turmaymıma?don't I keep yawning? | senesneb turmaymısa?don't you keep yawning? | olesneb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep yawning? | bizesneb turmaybızmı? esneb turmaymıbız?don't we keep yawning? | sizesneb turmaymısız?don't you all keep yawning? | alaesneb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep yawning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menesney turamaI am in the middle of yawning | senesney turasayou are in the middle of yawning | olesney turadıhe is in the middle of yawning | bizesney turabızwe are in the middle of yawning | sizesney turasızyou all are in the middle of yawning | alaesney turadılathey are in the middle of yawning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menesney turmaymaI am not in the middle of yawning | senesney turmaysayou are not in the middle of yawning | olesney turmaydıhe is not in the middle of yawning | bizesney turmaybızwe are not in the middle of yawning | sizesney turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of yawning | alaesney turmaydılathey are not in the middle of yawning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menesney turamamı? esney turamıma?am I in the middle of yawning? | senesney turamısa?are you in the middle of yawning? | olesney turamıdı?is he in the middle of yawning? | bizesney turabızmı? esney turamıbız?are we in the middle of yawning? | sizesney turamısız?are you all in the middle of yawning? | alaesney turamıdıla?are they in the middle of yawning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menesney turmaymamı? esney turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of yawning? | senesney turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of yawning? | olesney turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of yawning? | bizesney turmaybızmı? esney turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of yawning? | sizesney turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of yawning? | alaesney turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of yawning? |
| Simple past (definite) | menesnedimI yawned | senesnediŋyou yawned | olesnedihe yawned | bizesnedikwe yawned | sizesnedigizyou all yawned | alaesnedilethey yawned |
| Simple past (definite) | menesnemedimI didn't yawn | senesnemediŋyou didn't yawn | olesnemedihe didn't yawn | bizesnemedikwe didn't yawn | sizesnemedigizyou all didn't yawn | alaesnemedilethey didn't yawn |
| Simple past (definite) | menesnedimmi?did I yawn? | senesnediŋmi?did you yawn? | olesnedimi?did he yawn? | bizesnedikmi?did we yawn? | sizesnedigizmi?did you all yawn? | alaesnedilemi?did they yawn? |
| Simple past (definite) | menesnemedimmi?didn't I yawn? | senesnemediŋmi?didn't you yawn? | olesnemedimi?didn't he yawn? | bizesnemedikmi?didn't we yawn? | sizesnemedigizmi?didn't you all yawn? | alaesnemedilemi?didn't they yawn? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menesnegenmeI have yawned | senesnegenseyou have yawned | olesnegendihe has yawned | bizesnegenbizwe have yawned | sizesnegensizyou all have yawned | alaesnegendilethey have yawned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menesnemegenmeI haven't yawned | senesnemegenseyou haven't yawned | olesnemegendihe hasn't yawned | bizesnemegenbizwe haven't yawned | sizesnemegensizyou all haven't yawned | alaesnemegendilethey haven't yawned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menesnegenmemi? esnegenmime?have I yawned? | senesnegenmise?have you yawned? | olesnegenmidi?has he yawned? | bizesnegenbizmi? esnegenmibiz?have we yawned? | sizesnegenmisiz?have you all yawned? | alaesnegenmidile?have they yawned? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menesnemegenmemi? esnemegenmime?haven't I yawned? | senesnemegenmise?haven't you yawned? | olesnemegenmidi?hasn't he yawned? | bizesnemegenbizmi? esnemegenmibiz?haven't we yawned? | sizesnemegenmisiz?haven't you all yawned? | alaesnemegenmidile?haven't they yawned? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menesneb turdumI kept yawning | senesneb turduŋyou kept yawning | olesneb turduhe kept yawning | bizesneb turduqwe kept yawning | sizesneb turduğuzyou all kept yawning | alaesneb turdulathey kept yawning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menesneb turmadımI didn't keep yawning | senesneb turmadıŋyou didn't keep yawning | olesneb turmadıhe didn't keep yawning | bizesneb turmadıqwe didn't keep yawning | sizesneb turmadığızyou all didn't keep yawning | alaesneb turmadılathey didn't keep yawning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menesnermeI will yawn | senesnerseyou will yawn | olesnerhe will yawn | bizesnerbizwe will yawn | sizesnersizyou all will yawn | alaesnerlethey will yawn |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menesnemezmeI won't yawn | senesnemezseyou won't yawn | olesnemezhe won't yawn | bizesnemezbizwe won't yawn | sizesnemezsizyou all won't yawn | alaesnemezlethey won't yawn |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menesnermemi? esnermime?will I yawn? | senesnermise?will you yawn? | olesnermi?will he yawn? | bizesnerbizmi? esnermibiz?will we yawn? | sizesnermisiz?will you all yawn? | alaesnerlemi? esnermile?will they yawn? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menesnemezmemi? esnemezmime?won't I yawn? | senesnemezmise?won't you yawn? | olesnemezmi?won't he yawn? | bizesnemezbizmi? esnemezmibiz?won't we yawn? | sizesnemezmisiz?won't you all yawn? | alaesnemezlemi? esnemezmile?won't they yawn? |
| Definite future (future II) | menesnerikmeI am going to yawn | senesnerikseyou are going to yawn | olesnerikdihe is going to yawn | bizesnerikbizwe are going to yawn | sizesneriksizyou all are going to yawn | alaesnerikdilethey are going to yawn |
| Definite future (future II) | menesnerik tülmeI am not going to yawn | senesnerik tülseyou are not going to yawn | olesnerik tüldühe is not going to yawn | bizesnerik tülbüzwe are not going to yawn | sizesnerik tülsüzyou all are not going to yawn | alaesnerik tüldülethey are not going to yawn |
| Definite future (future II) | menesnerikmemi? esnerikmime?am I going to yawn? | senesnerikmise?are you going to yawn? | olesnerikmidi?is he going to yawn? | bizesnerikbizmi? esnerikmibiz?are we going to yawn? | sizesnerikmisiz?are you all going to yawn? | alaesnerikmidile?are they going to yawn? |
| Definite future (future II) | menesnerik tülmüme?aren't I going to yawn? | senesnerik tülmüse?aren't you going to yawn? | olesnerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to yawn? | bizesnerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to yawn? | sizesnerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to yawn? | alaesnerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to yawn? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menesnegen edimesnegenemI had yawned | senesnegen ediŋesnegeneŋyou had yawned | olesnegen ediesnegenedhe had yawned | bizesnegen edikesnegenekwe had yawned | sizesnegen edigizesnegenegizyou all had yawned | alaesnegen edileesnegenellethey had yawned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menesnemegen edimesnemegenemI hadn't yawned | senesnemegen ediŋesnemegeneŋyou hadn't yawned | olesnemegen ediesnemegenedhe hadn't yawned | bizesnemegen edikesnemegenekwe hadn't yawned | sizesnemegen edigizesnemegenegizyou all hadn't yawned | alaesnemegen edileesnemegenellethey hadn't yawned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menesney edimesneyemI was yawning | senesney ediŋesneyeŋyou were yawning | olesney ediesneyedhe was yawning | bizesney edikesneyekwe were yawning | sizesney edigizesneyegizyou all were yawning | alaesney edileesneyellethey were yawning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menesnemey edimesnemeyemI wasn't yawning | senesnemey ediŋesnemeyeŋyou weren't yawning | olesnemey ediesnemeyedhe wasn't yawning | bizesnemey edikesnemeyekwe weren't yawning | sizesnemey edigizesnemeyegizyou all weren't yawning | alaesnemey edileesnemeyellethey weren't yawning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menesnewçen edimesnewçenemI used to yawn | senesnewçen ediŋesnewçeneŋyou used to yawn | olesnewçen ediesnewçenedhe used to yawn | bizesnewçen edikesnewçenekwe used to yawn | sizesnewçen edigizesnewçenegizyou all used to yawn | alaesnewçen edileesnewçenellethey used to yawn |
| Habitual past (used to) | menesnemewçen edimesnemewçenemI didn't use to yawn | senesnemewçen ediŋesnemewçeneŋyou didn't use to yawn | olesnemewçen ediesnemewçenedhe didn't use to yawn | bizesnemewçen edikesnemewçenekwe didn't use to yawn | sizesnemewçen edigizesnemewçenegizyou all didn't use to yawn | alaesnemewçen edileesnemewçenellethey didn't use to yawn |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olesneb edihe had yawned and remained so | alaesneb edilethey had yawned and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olesneb tül edihe hadn't yawned | alaesneb tül edilethey hadn't yawned | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menesneb tura edimesneb turaemI had kept yawning | senesneb tura ediŋesneb turaeŋyou had kept yawning | olesneb tura ediesneb turaedhe had kept yawning | bizesneb tura edikesneb turaekwe had kept yawning | sizesneb tura edigizesneb turaegizyou all had kept yawning | alaesneb tura edileesneb turaellethey had kept yawning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menesneb turmay edimesneb turmayemI hadn't kept yawning | senesneb turmay ediŋesneb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept yawning | olesneb turmay ediesneb turmayedhe hadn't kept yawning | bizesneb turmay edikesneb turmayekwe hadn't kept yawning | sizesneb turmay edigizesneb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept yawning | alaesneb turmay edileesneb turmayellethey hadn't kept yawning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menesney tura edimesney turaemI was in the middle of yawning | senesney tura ediŋesney turaeŋyou were in the middle of yawning | olesney tura ediesney turaedhe was in the middle of yawning | bizesney tura edikesney turaekwe were in the middle of yawning | sizesney tura edigizesney turaegizyou all were in the middle of yawning | alaesney tura edileesney turaellethey were in the middle of yawning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menesney turmay edimesney turmayemI wasn't in the middle of yawning | senesney turmay ediŋesney turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of yawning | olesney turmay ediesney turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of yawning | bizesney turmay edikesney turmayekwe weren't in the middle of yawning | sizesney turmay edigizesney turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of yawning | alaesney turmay edileesney turmayellethey weren't in the middle of yawning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menesner edimesner emI would yawn | senesner ediŋesner eŋyou would yawn | olesner ediesner edhe would yawn | bizesner edikesner ekwe would yawn | sizesner edigizesner egizyou all would yawn | alaesner edileesner ellethey would yawn |
| Conditional result (would) | menesnemez edimesnemez emI wouldn't yawn | senesnemez ediŋesnemez eŋyou wouldn't yawn | olesnemez ediesnemez edhe wouldn't yawn | bizesnemez edikesnemez ekwe wouldn't yawn | sizesnemez edigizesnemez egizyou all wouldn't yawn | alaesnemez edileesnemez ellethey wouldn't yawn |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menesnerik edimesnerik emI would have yawned | senesnerik ediŋesnerik eŋyou would have yawned | olesnerik ediesnerik edhe would have yawned | bizesnerik edikesnerik ekwe would have yawned | sizesnerik edigizesnerik egizyou all would have yawned | alaesnerik edileesnerik ellethey would have yawned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menesnerik tül edimesnerik tül emI wouldn't have yawned | senesnerik tül ediŋesnerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have yawned | olesnerik tül ediesnerik tül edhe wouldn't have yawned | bizesnerik tül edikesnerik tül ekwe wouldn't have yawned | sizesnerik tül edigizesnerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have yawned | alaesnerik tül edileesnerik tül ellethey wouldn't have yawned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menesnesemif I yawn | senesneseŋif you yawn | olesneseif he yawns | bizesnesekif we yawn | sizesnesegizif you all yawn | alaesneseleif they yawn |
| Conditional | menesnemesemif I don't yawn | senesnemeseŋif you don't yawn | olesnemeseif he doesn't yawn | bizesnemesekif we don't yawn | sizesnemesegizif you all don't yawn | alaesnemeseleif they don't yawn |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menesney esemif I am yawning | senesney eseŋif you are yawning | olesney eseif he is yawning | bizesney esekif we are yawning | sizesney esegizif you all are yawning | alaesney eseleif they are yawning |
| Conditional, present real | menesnemey esemif I am not yawning | senesnemey eseŋif you are not yawning | olesnemey eseif he is not yawning | bizesnemey esekif we are not yawning | sizesnemey esegizif you all are not yawning | alaesnemey eseleif they are not yawning |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menesnesem ediesnesem edif only I yawned | senesneseŋ ediesneseŋ edif only you yawned | olesnese ediesnesedif only he yawned | bizesnesek ediesnesek edif only we yawned | sizesnesegiz ediesnesegiz edif only you all yawned | alaesnesele ediesneseledif only they yawned |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menesnemesem ediesnemesem edif only I didn't yawn | senesnemeseŋ ediesnemeseŋ edif only you didn't yawn | olesnemese ediesnemesedif only he didn't yawn | bizesnemesek ediesnemesek edif only we didn't yawn | sizesnemesegiz ediesnemesegiz edif only you all didn't yawn | alaesnemesele ediesnemeseledif only they didn't yawn |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menesneb tursamif I carry on yawning | senesneb tursaŋif you carry on yawning | olesneb tursaif he carries on yawning | bizesneb tursaqif we carry on yawning | sizesneb tursağızif you all carry on yawning | alaesneb tursalaif they carry on yawning |
| Durative conditional | menesneb turmasamif I don't carry on yawning | senesneb turmasaŋif you don't carry on yawning | olesneb turmasaif he doesn't carry on yawning | bizesneb turmasaqif we don't carry on yawning | sizesneb turmasağızif you all don't carry on yawning | alaesneb turmasalaif they don't carry on yawning |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menesneb tura esemif I have kept yawning | senesneb tura eseŋif you have kept yawning | olesneb tura eseif he has kept yawning | bizesneb tura esekif we have kept yawning | sizesneb tura esegizif you all have kept yawning | alaesneb tura eseleif they have kept yawning |
| Durative conditional, present real | menesneb turmay esemif I haven't kept yawning | senesneb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept yawning | olesneb turmay eseif he hasn't kept yawning | bizesneb turmay esekif we haven't kept yawning | sizesneb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept yawning | alaesneb turmay eseleif they haven't kept yawning |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menesney tursamif I keep yawning | senesney tursaŋif you keep yawning | olesney tursaif he keeps yawning | bizesney tursaqif we keep yawning | sizesney tursağızif you all keep yawning | alaesney tursalaif they keep yawning |
| Progressive conditional | menesnemey tursamif I keep on not yawning | senesnemey tursaŋif you keep on not yawning | olesnemey tursaif he keeps on not yawning | bizesnemey tursaqif we keep on not yawning | sizesnemey tursağızif you all keep on not yawning | alaesnemey tursalaif they keep on not yawning |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menesney tura esemif I am in the middle of yawning | senesney tura eseŋif you are in the middle of yawning | olesney tura eseif he is in the middle of yawning | bizesney tura esekif we are in the middle of yawning | sizesney tura esegizif you all are in the middle of yawning | alaesney tura eseleif they are in the middle of yawning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menesnemey tura esemif I keep on not yawning | senesnemey tura eseŋif you keep on not yawning | olesnemey tura eseif he keeps on not yawning | bizesnemey tura esekif we keep on not yawning | sizesnemey tura esegizif you all keep on not yawning | alaesnemey tura eseleif they keep on not yawning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menesnedim esemif I yawned | senesnediŋ eseŋif you yawned | olesnedi eseif he yawned | bizesnedik esekif we yawned | sizesnedigiz esegizif you all yawned | alaesnedile eseleif they yawned |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menesnemedim esemif I didn't yawn | senesnemediŋ eseŋif you didn't yawn | olesnemedi eseif he didn't yawn | bizesnemedik esekif we didn't yawn | sizesnemedigiz esegizif you all didn't yawn | alaesnemedile eseleif they didn't yawn |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menesnegen esemif I did yawn (indeed) | senesnegen eseŋif you did yawn (indeed) | olesnegen eseif he did yawn (indeed) | bizesnegen esekif we did yawn (indeed) | sizesnegen esegizif you all did yawn (indeed) | alaesnegen eseleif they did yawn (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menesnemegen esemif I didn't yawn (indeed) | senesnemegen eseŋif you didn't yawn (indeed) | olesnemegen eseif he didn't yawn (indeed) | bizesnemegen esekif we didn't yawn (indeed) | sizesnemegen esegizif you all didn't yawn (indeed) | alaesnemegen eseleif they didn't yawn (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menesnegen bolsamif I had yawned | senesnegen bolsaŋif you had yawned | olesnegen bolsaif he had yawned | bizesnegen bolsaqif we had yawned | sizesnegen bolsağızif you all had yawned | alaesnegen bolsalaif they had yawned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menesnemegen bolsamif I hadn't yawned | senesnemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't yawned | olesnemegen bolsaif he hadn't yawned | bizesnemegen bolsaqif we hadn't yawned | sizesnemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't yawned | alaesnemegen bolsalaif they hadn't yawned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menesnegen bolsam ediesnegen bolsam edif only I had yawned | senesnegen bolsaŋ ediesnegen bolsaŋ edif only you had yawned | olesnegen bolsa ediesnegen bolsaedif only he had yawned | bizesnegen bolsaq ediesnegen bolsaq edif only we had yawned | sizesnegen bolsağız ediesnegen bolsağız edif only you all had yawned | alaesnegen bolsala ediesnegen bolsalaedif only they had yawned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menesnemegen bolsam ediesnemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't yawned | senesnemegen bolsaŋ ediesnemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't yawned | olesnemegen bolsa ediesnemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't yawned | bizesnemegen bolsaq ediesnemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't yawned | sizesnemegen bolsağız ediesnemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't yawned | alaesnemegen bolsala ediesnemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't yawned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menesner esemif I will yawn | senesner eseŋif you will yawn | olesner eseif he will yawn | bizesner esekif we will yawn | sizesner esegizif you all will yawn | alaesner eseleif they will yawn |
| Conditional, aorist | menesnemez esemif I won't yawn | senesnemez eseŋif you won't yawn | olesnemez eseif he won't yawn | bizesnemez esekif we won't yawn | sizesnemez esegizif you all won't yawn | alaesnemez eseleif they won't yawn |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menesnerik esemif I am going to yawn | senesnerik eseŋif you are going to yawn | olesnerik eseif he is going to yawn | bizesnerik esekif we are going to yawn | sizesnerik esegizif you all are going to yawn | alaesnerik eseleif they are going to yawn |
| Conditional, future | menesnerik tül esemif I am not going to yawn | senesnerik tül eseŋif you are not going to yawn | olesnerik tül eseif he is not going to yawn | bizesnerik tül esekif we are not going to yawn | sizesnerik tül esegizif you all are not going to yawn | alaesnerik tül eseleif they are not going to yawn |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menesnerik bolsamif I were going to yawn | senesnerik bolsaŋif you were going to yawn | olesnerik bolsaif he were going to yawn | bizesnerik bolsaqif we were going to yawn | sizesnerik bolsağızif you all were going to yawn | alaesnerik bolsalaif they were going to yawn |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menesnemezlik bolsamif I were not going to yawn | senesnemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to yawn | olesnemezlik bolsaif he were not going to yawn | bizesnemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to yawn | sizesnemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to yawn | alaesnemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to yawn |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso esnediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menesney bolurmaI must be yawning | senesney bolursayou must be yawning | olesney bolurhe must be yawning | bizesney bolurbuzwe must be yawning | sizesney bolursuzyou all must be yawning | alaesney bolurlathey must be yawning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menesnemey bolurmaI must not be yawning | senesnemey bolursayou must not be yawning | olesnemey bolurhe must not be yawning | bizesnemey bolurbuzwe must not be yawning | sizesnemey bolursuzyou all must not be yawning | alaesnemey bolurlathey must not be yawning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menesney tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of yawning | senesney tura bolursayou must be in the middle of yawning | olesney tura bolurhe must be in the middle of yawning | bizesney tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of yawning | sizesney tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of yawning | alaesney tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of yawning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menesnemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not yawning | senesnemey tura bolursayou must keep on not yawning | olesnemey tura bolurhe must keep on not yawning | bizesnemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not yawning | sizesnemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not yawning | alaesnemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not yawning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menesnegen bolurmaI must have yawned | senesnegen bolursayou must have yawned | olesnegen bolurhe must have yawned | bizesnegen bolurbuzwe must have yawned | sizesnegen bolursuzyou all must have yawned | alaesnegen bolurlathey must have yawned |
| Inference (must have) | menesnemegen bolurmaI must not have yawned | senesnemegen bolursayou must not have yawned | olesnemegen bolurhe must not have yawned | bizesnemegen bolurbuzwe must not have yawned | sizesnemegen bolursuzyou all must not have yawned | alaesnemegen bolurlathey must not have yawned |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menesnerik bolurmaI must be going to yawn | senesnerik bolursayou must be going to yawn | olesnerik bolurhe must be going to yawn | bizesnerik bolurbuzwe must be going to yawn | sizesnerik bolursuzyou all must be going to yawn | alaesnerik bolurlathey must be going to yawn |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menesnemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to yawn | senesnemezlik bolursayou must not be going to yawn | olesnemezlik bolurhe must not be going to yawn | bizesnemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to yawn | sizesnemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to yawn | alaesnemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to yawn |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menesneyimlet me yawn | senesne!yawn! | olesnesinlet him yawn | bizesneyiklet's yawn | sizesnegiz!yawn, you all! | alaesnesinlelet them yawn |
| Commands & suggestions | menesnemeyimlet me not yawn | senesneme!don't yawn! | olesnemesinlet him not yawn | bizesnemeyiklet's not yawn | sizesnemegiz!don't yawn, you all! | alaesnemesinlelet them not yawn |
| Commands & suggestions | menesneyimmi?shall I yawn? | olesnesinmi?should he yawn? | bizesneyikmi?shall we yawn? | alaesnesinlemi?should they yawn? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menesnemeyimmi?shall I not yawn? | olesnemesinmi?should he not yawn? | bizesnemeyikmi?shall we not yawn? | alaesnemesinlemi?should they not yawn? | ||
| Requests | senesneçi2esneçinplease yawn | olesnesinçido let him yawn | sizesneçigizplease yawn (plural/polite) | alaesnesinleçido let them yawn | ||
| Requests | senesnemeçi2esnemeçinplease don't yawn | olesnemesinçido let him not yawn | sizesnemeçigizplease don't yawn (plural/polite) | alaesnemesinleçido let them not yawn | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senesneginesnegimay you yawn | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senesnemeginesnemegimay you not yawn | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menesnegey edim esnege edimwould that I yawned | senesnegey ediŋ esnege ediŋwould that you yawned | olesnegey edi esnege ediwould that he yawned | bizesnegey edik esnege edikwould that we yawned | sizesnegey edigiz esnege edigizwould that you all yawned | alaesnegey edile esnege edilewould that they yawned |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menesnemegey edim esnemege edimwould that I did not yawn | senesnemegey ediŋ esnemege ediŋwould that you did not yawn | olesnemegey edi esnemege ediwould that he did not yawn | bizesnemegey edik esnemege edikwould that we did not yawn | sizesnemegey edigiz esnemege edigizwould that you all did not yawn | alaesnemegey edile esnemege edilewould that they did not yawn |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menesnemege qoyayımesneme qoyayımlet me allow someone to yawn | senesnemege qoy!esneme qoy!let someone yawn! | olesnemege qoysunesneme qoysunlet him allow someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoyayıqesneme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoyuğuz!esneme qoyuğuz!let someone yawn, you all! | alaesnemege qoysunlaesneme qoysunlalet them allow someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (commands) | menesnemege qoymayımesneme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to yawn | senesnemege qoyma!esneme qoyma!don't let someone yawn! | olesnemege qoymasınesneme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoymayıqesneme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoymağız!esneme qoymağız!don't let someone yawn, you all! | alaesnemege qoymasınlaesneme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (commands) | menesnemege qoyayımmı?esneme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoysunmu?esneme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoyayıqmı?esneme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoysunlamı?esneme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to yawn? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menesnemege qoymayımmı?esneme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoymasınmı?esneme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoymayıqmı?esneme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoymasınlamı?esneme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to yawn? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menesnemege qoyamaesneme qoyamaI allow someone to yawn | senesnemege qoyasaesneme qoyasayou allow someone to yawn | olesnemege qoyadıesneme qoyadıhe allows someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoyabızesneme qoyabızwe allow someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoyasızesneme qoyasızyou all allow someone to yawn | alaesnemege qoyadılaesneme qoyadılathey allow someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (present) | menesnemege qoymaymaesneme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to yawn | senesnemege qoymaysaesneme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to yawn | olesnemege qoymaydıesneme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoymaybızesneme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoymaysızesneme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to yawn | alaesnemege qoymaydılaesneme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (present) | menesnemege qoyamamı?esneme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to yawn? | senesnemege qoyamısa?esneme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoyamıdı?esneme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoyabızmı?esneme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to yawn? | sizesnemege qoyamısız?esneme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoyamıdıla?esneme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to yawn? |
| Let someone… (present) | menesnemege qoymaymamı?esneme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to yawn? | senesnemege qoymaymısa?esneme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoymaymıdı?esneme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoymaybızmı?esneme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to yawn? | sizesnemege qoymaymısız?esneme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoymaymıdıla?esneme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to yawn? |
| Let someone… (past) | menesnemege qoydumesneme qoydumI allowed someone to yawn | senesnemege qoyduŋesneme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to yawn | olesnemege qoyduesneme qoyduhe allowed someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoyduqesneme qoyduqwe allowed someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoyduğuzesneme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to yawn | alaesnemege qoydulaesneme qoydulathey allowed someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (past) | menesnemege qoymadımesneme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to yawn | senesnemege qoymadıŋesneme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to yawn | olesnemege qoymadıesneme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to yawn | bizesnemege qoymadıqesneme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to yawn | sizesnemege qoymadığızesneme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to yawn | alaesnemege qoymadılaesneme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to yawn |
| Let someone… (past) | menesnemege qoydummu?esneme qoydummu?did I allow someone to yawn? | senesnemege qoyduŋmu?esneme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoydumu?esneme qoydumu?did he allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoyduqmu?esneme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to yawn? | sizesnemege qoyduğuzmu?esneme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoydulamı?esneme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to yawn? |
| Let someone… (past) | menesnemege qoymadımmı?esneme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to yawn? | senesnemege qoymadıŋmı?esneme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to yawn? | olesnemege qoymadımı?esneme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to yawn? | bizesnemege qoymadıqmı?esneme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to yawn? | sizesnemege qoymadığızmı?esneme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to yawn? | alaesnemege qoymadılamı?esneme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to yawn? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menesneyalamaI can yawn | senesneyalasayou can yawn | olesneyaladıhe can yawn | bizesneyalabızwe can yawn | sizesneyalasızyou all can yawn | alaesneyaladılathey can yawn |
| Ability — present | menesneyalmaymaI can't yawn | senesneyalmaysayou can't yawn | olesneyalmaydıhe can't yawn | bizesneyalmaybızwe can't yawn | sizesneyalmaysızyou all can't yawn | alaesneyalmaydılathey can't yawn |
| Ability — present | menesneyalamamı? esneyalamıma?can I yawn? | senesneyalamısa?can you yawn? | olesneyalamıdı?can he yawn? | bizesneyalabızmı? esneyalamıbız?can we yawn? | sizesneyalamısız?can you all yawn? | alaesneyalamıdıla?can they yawn? |
| Ability — present | menesneyalmaymamı? esneyalmaymıma?can't I yawn? | senesneyalmaymısa?can't you yawn? | olesneyalmaymıdı?can't he yawn? | bizesneyalmaybızmı? esneyalmaymıbız?can't we yawn? | sizesneyalmaymısız?can't you all yawn? | alaesneyalmaymıdıla?can't they yawn? |
| Ability — if I can… | menesneyalsamif I can yawn | senesneyalsaŋif you can yawn | olesneyalsaif he can yawn | bizesneyalsaqif we can yawn | sizesneyalsağızif you all can yawn | alaesneyalsalaif they can yawn |
| Ability — if I can… | menesneyalmasamif I can't yawn | senesneyalmasaŋif you can't yawn | olesneyalmasaif he can't yawn | bizesneyalmasaqif we can't yawn | sizesneyalmasağızif you all can't yawn | alaesneyalmasalaif they can't yawn |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menesneyaldımI was able to yawn | senesneyaldıŋyou were able to yawn | olesneyaldıhe was able to yawn | bizesneyaldıqwe were able to yawn | sizesneyaldığızyou all were able to yawn | alaesneyaldılathey were able to yawn |
| Ability — simple past | menesneyalmadımI could not yawn | senesneyalmadıŋyou could not yawn | olesneyalmadıhe could not yawn | bizesneyalmadıqwe could not yawn | sizesneyalmadığızyou all could not yawn | alaesneyalmadılathey could not yawn |
| Ability — simple past | menesneyaldımmı?was I able to yawn? | senesneyaldıŋmı?were you able to yawn? | olesneyaldımı?was he able to yawn? | bizesneyaldıqmı?were we able to yawn? | sizesneyaldığızmı?were you all able to yawn? | alaesneyaldılamı?were they able to yawn? |
| Ability — simple past | menesneyalmadımmı?couldn't I yawn? | senesneyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you yawn? | olesneyalmadımı?couldn't he yawn? | bizesneyalmadıqmı?couldn't we yawn? | sizesneyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all yawn? | alaesneyalmadılamı?couldn't they yawn? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menesneyalğanmaI have been able to yawn | senesneyalğansayou have been able to yawn | olesneyalğandıhe has been able to yawn | bizesneyalğanbızwe have been able to yawn | sizesneyalğansızyou all have been able to yawn | alaesneyalğandılathey have been able to yawn |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menesneyalmağanmaI haven't been able to yawn | senesneyalmağansayou haven't been able to yawn | olesneyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to yawn | bizesneyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to yawn | sizesneyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to yawn | alaesneyalmağandılathey haven't been able to yawn |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menesneyalğanmamı? esneyalğanmıma?have I been able to yawn? | senesneyalğanmısa?have you been able to yawn? | olesneyalğanmıdı?has he been able to yawn? | bizesneyalğanbızmı? esneyalğanmıbız?have we been able to yawn? | sizesneyalğanmısız?have you all been able to yawn? | alaesneyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to yawn? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menesneyalmağanmamı? esneyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to yawn? | senesneyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to yawn? | olesneyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to yawn? | bizesneyalmağanbızmı? esneyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to yawn? | sizesneyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to yawn? | alaesneyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to yawn? |
| Ability — past perfect | menesneyalğan edimesneyalğanemI had been able to yawn | senesneyalğan ediŋesneyalğaneŋyou had been able to yawn | olesneyalğan ediesneyalğanedhe had been able to yawn | bizesneyalğan edikesneyalğanekwe had been able to yawn | sizesneyalğan edigizesneyalğanegizyou all had been able to yawn | alaesneyalğan edileesneyalğanellethey had been able to yawn |
| Ability — past perfect | menesneyalmağan edimesneyalmağanemI hadn't been able to yawn | senesneyalmağan ediŋesneyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to yawn | olesneyalmağan ediesneyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to yawn | bizesneyalmağan edikesneyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to yawn | sizesneyalmağan edigizesneyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to yawn | alaesneyalmağan edileesneyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to yawn |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menesneyala edimesneyalaemI could yawn | senesneyala ediŋesneyalaeŋyou could yawn | olesneyala ediesneyalaedhe could yawn | bizesneyala edikesneyalaekwe could yawn | sizesneyala edigizesneyalaegizyou all could yawn | alaesneyala edileesneyalaellethey could yawn |
| Ability — past background | menesneyalmay edimesneyalmayemI could not yawn | senesneyalmay ediŋesneyalmayeŋyou could not yawn | olesneyalmay ediesneyalmayedhe could not yawn | bizesneyalmay edikesneyalmayekwe could not yawn | sizesneyalmay edigizesneyalmayegizyou all could not yawn | alaesneyalmay edileesneyalmayellethey could not yawn |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menesneyalırmaI will be able to yawn | senesneyalırsayou will be able to yawn | olesneyalırhe will be able to yawn | bizesneyalırbızwe will be able to yawn | sizesneyalırsızyou all will be able to yawn | alaesneyalırlathey will be able to yawn |
| Ability — future I | menesneyalmazmaI won't be able to yawn | senesneyalmazsayou won't be able to yawn | olesneyalmazhe won't be able to yawn | bizesneyalmazbızwe won't be able to yawn | sizesneyalmazsızyou all won't be able to yawn | alaesneyalmazlathey won't be able to yawn |
| Ability — future I | menesneyalırmamı? esneyalırmıma?will I be able to yawn? | senesneyalırmısa?will you be able to yawn? | olesneyalırmı?will he be able to yawn? | bizesneyalırbızmı? esneyalırmıbız?will we be able to yawn? | sizesneyalırmısız?will you all be able to yawn? | alaesneyalırlamı? esneyalırmıla?will they be able to yawn? |
| Ability — future I | menesneyalmazmamı? esneyalmazmıma?won't I be able to yawn? | senesneyalmazmısa?won't you be able to yawn? | olesneyalmazmı?won't he be able to yawn? | bizesneyalmazbızmı? esneyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to yawn? | sizesneyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to yawn? | alaesneyalmazlamı? esneyalmazmıla?won't they be able to yawn? |
| Ability — future II | menesneyallıqmaI am going to be able to yawn | senesneyallıqsayou are going to be able to yawn | olesneyallıqdıhe is going to be able to yawn | bizesneyallıqbızwe are going to be able to yawn | sizesneyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to yawn | alaesneyallıqdılathey are going to be able to yawn |
| Ability — future II | menesneyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to yawn | senesneyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to yawn | olesneyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to yawn | bizesneyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to yawn | sizesneyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to yawn | alaesneyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to yawn |
| Ability — future II | menesneyallıqmamı? esneyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to yawn? | senesneyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to yawn? | olesneyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to yawn? | bizesneyallıqbızmı? esneyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to yawn? | sizesneyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to yawn? | alaesneyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to yawn? |
| Ability — future II | menesneyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to yawn? | senesneyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to yawn? | olesneyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to yawn? | bizesneyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to yawn? | sizesneyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to yawn? | alaesneyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to yawn? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menesneyalır edimesneyalır emI would be able to yawn | senesneyalır ediŋesneyalır eŋyou would be able to yawn | olesneyalır ediesneyalır edhe would be able to yawn | bizesneyalır edikesneyalır ekwe would be able to yawn | sizesneyalır edigizesneyalır egizyou all would be able to yawn | alaesneyalır edileesneyalır ellethey would be able to yawn |
| Ability — would be able to… | menesneyalmaz edimesneyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to yawn | senesneyalmaz ediŋesneyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to yawn | olesneyalmaz ediesneyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to yawn | bizesneyalmaz edikesneyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to yawn | sizesneyalmaz edigizesneyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to yawn | alaesneyalmaz edileesneyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to yawn |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senesneyalğınesneyalğımay you be able to yawn | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senesneyalmağınesneyalmağımay you not be able to yawn | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menesnerge izleymeI want to yawn | senesnerge izleyseyou want to yawn | olesnerge izleydihe wants to yawn | bizesnerge izleybizwe want to yawn | sizesnerge izleysizyou all want to yawn | alaesnerge izleydilethey want to yawn |
| want to | menesnerge izlemeymeI do not want to yawn | senesnerge izlemeyseyou do not want to yawn | olesnerge izlemeydihe does not want to yawn | bizesnerge izlemeybizwe do not want to yawn | sizesnerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to yawn | alaesnerge izlemeydilethey do not want to yawn |
| would like to | menesnerge süemeI would like to yawn | senesnerge süeseyou would like to yawn | olesnerge süedihe would like to yawn | bizesnerge süebizwe would like to yawn | sizesnerge süesizyou all would like to yawn | alaesnerge süedilethey would like to yawn |
| would like to | menesnerge süymeymeI would not like to yawn | senesnerge süymeyseyou would not like to yawn | olesnerge süymeydihe would not like to yawn | bizesnerge süymeybizwe would not like to yawn | sizesnerge süymeysizyou all would not like to yawn | alaesnerge süymeydilethey would not like to yawn |
| hope to | menesnerge umutlanamaI hope to yawn | senesnerge umutlanasayou hope to yawn | olesnerge umutlanadıhe hopes to yawn | bizesnerge umutlanabızwe hope to yawn | sizesnerge umutlanasızyou all hope to yawn | alaesnerge umutlanadılathey hope to yawn |
| hope to | menesnerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to yawn | senesnerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to yawn | olesnerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to yawn | bizesnerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to yawn | sizesnerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to yawn | alaesnerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to yawn |
| be about to | menesnerge deb turamaI am about to yawn | senesnerge deb turasayou are about to yawn | olesnerge deb turadıhe is about to yawn | bizesnerge deb turabızwe are about to yawn | sizesnerge deb turasızyou all are about to yawn | alaesnerge deb turadılathey are about to yawn |
| be about to | menesnerge deb turmaymaI am not about to yawn | senesnerge deb turmaysayou are not about to yawn | olesnerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to yawn | bizesnerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to yawn | sizesnerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to yawn | alaesnerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to yawn |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menesnerge kerekmeI need to yawn | senesnerge kerekseyou need to yawn | olesnerge kerekdihe needs to yawn | bizesnerge kerekbizwe need to yawn | sizesnerge kereksizyou all need to yawn | alaesnerge kerekdilethey need to yawn |
| need to | menesnerge kerek tülmeI do not need to yawn | senesnerge kerek tülseyou do not need to yawn | olesnerge kerek tüldühe does not need to yawn | bizesnerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to yawn | sizesnerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to yawn | alaesnerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to yawn |
| have to | menmenŋe esnerge tüşediI have to yawn | sensenŋe esnerge tüşediyou have to yawn | olaŋa esnerge tüşedihe has to yawn | bizbizge esnerge tüşediwe have to yawn | sizsizge esnerge tüşediyou all have to yawn | alaalağa esnerge tüşedithey have to yawn |
| have to | menmenŋe esnerge tüşmeydiI do not have to yawn | sensenŋe esnerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to yawn | olaŋa esnerge tüşmeydihe does not have to yawn | bizbizge esnerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to yawn | sizsizge esnerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to yawn | alaalağa esnerge tüşmeydithey do not have to yawn |
| be obliged to | menesnerge borçlumaI am obliged to yawn | senesnerge borçlusayou are obliged to yawn | olesnerge borçluduhe is obliged to yawn | bizesnerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to yawn | sizesnerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to yawn | alaesnerge borçludulathey are obliged to yawn |
| be obliged to | menesnerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to yawn | senesnerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to yawn | olesnerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to yawn | bizesnerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to yawn | sizesnerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to yawn | alaesnerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to yawn |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menesnerge madarım bardıI have a way to yawn | senesnerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to yawn | olesnerge madarı bardıhe has a way to yawn | bizesnerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to yawn | sizesnerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to yawn | alaesnerge madarları bardıthey have a way to yawn |
| have a way to | menesnerge madarım joqduI have no way to yawn | senesnerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to yawn | olesnerge madarı joqduhe has no way to yawn | bizesnerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to yawn | sizesnerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to yawn | alaesnerge madarları joqduthey have no way to yawn |
| be free to | menesnerge erkinligim bardıI am free to yawn | senesnerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to yawn | olesnerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to yawn | bizesnerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to yawn | sizesnerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to yawn | alaesnerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to yawn |
| be free to | menesnerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to yawn | senesnerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to yawn | olesnerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to yawn | bizesnerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to yawn | sizesnerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to yawn | alaesnerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to yawn |
| be possible to | menmenŋe esnerge bolluqduit is possible for me to yawn | sensenŋe esnerge bolluqduit is possible for you to yawn | olaŋa esnerge bolluqduit is possible for him to yawn | bizbizge esnerge bolluqduit is possible for us to yawn | sizsizge esnerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to yawn | alaalağa esnerge bolluqduit is possible for them to yawn |
| be possible to | menmenŋe esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to yawn | sensenŋe esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to yawn | olaŋa esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to yawn | bizbizge esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to yawn | sizsizge esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to yawn | alaalağa esnerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to yawn |
| be ready to | menesnerge hazırmaI am ready to yawn | senesnerge hazırsayou are ready to yawn | olesnerge hazırdıhe is ready to yawn | bizesnerge hazırbızwe are ready to yawn | sizesnerge hazırsızyou all are ready to yawn | alaesnerge hazırdılathey are ready to yawn |
| be ready to | menesnerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to yawn | senesnerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to yawn | olesnerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to yawn | bizesnerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to yawn | sizesnerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to yawn | alaesnerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to yawn |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menesnerge küreşemeI am trying to yawn | senesnerge küreşeseyou are trying to yawn | olesnerge küreşedihe is trying to yawn | bizesnerge küreşebizwe are trying to yawn | sizesnerge küreşesizyou all are trying to yawn | alaesnerge küreşedilethey are trying to yawn |
| try to | menesnerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to yawn | senesnerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to yawn | olesnerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to yawn | bizesnerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to yawn | sizesnerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to yawn | alaesnerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to yawn |
| agree to | menesnerge unaymaI agree to yawn | senesnerge unaysayou agree to yawn | olesnerge unaydıhe agrees to yawn | bizesnerge unaybızwe agree to yawn | sizesnerge unaysızyou all agree to yawn | alaesnerge unaydılathey agree to yawn |
| agree to | menesnerge unamaymaI refuse to yawn | senesnerge unamaysayou refuse to yawn | olesnerge unamaydıhe refuses to yawn | bizesnerge unamaybızwe refuse to yawn | sizesnerge unamaysızyou all refuse to yawn | alaesnerge unamaydılathey refuse to yawn |
| hurry to | menesnerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to yawn | senesnerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to yawn | olesnerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to yawn | bizesnerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to yawn | sizesnerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to yawn | alaesnerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to yawn |
| hurry to | menesnerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to yawn | senesnerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to yawn | olesnerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to yawn | bizesnerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to yawn | sizesnerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to yawn | alaesnerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to yawn |
| be afraid to | menesnerge qorqamaI am afraid to yawn | senesnerge qorqasayou are afraid to yawn | olesnerge qorqadıhe is afraid to yawn | bizesnerge qorqabızwe are afraid to yawn | sizesnerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to yawn | alaesnerge qorqadılathey are afraid to yawn |
| be afraid to | menesnerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to yawn | senesnerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to yawn | olesnerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to yawn | bizesnerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to yawn | sizesnerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to yawn | alaesnerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to yawn |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menesney bolmazmaI can't be yawning | senesney bolmazsayou can't be yawning | olesney bolmazhe can't be yawning | bizesney bolmazbızwe can't be yawning | sizesney bolmazsızyou all can't be yawning | alaesney bolmazlathey can't be yawning |
| Inference, present — double negation | menesnemey bolmazmaI must be yawning (emphatic) | senesnemey bolmazsayou must be yawning (emphatic) | olesnemey bolmazhe must be yawning (emphatic) | bizesnemey bolmazbızwe must be yawning (emphatic) | sizesnemey bolmazsızyou all must be yawning (emphatic) | alaesnemey bolmazlathey must be yawning (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menesney turmasamif I don't keep yawning | senesney turmasaŋif you don't keep yawning | olesney turmasaif he doesn't keep yawning | bizesney turmasaqif we don't keep yawning | sizesney turmasağızif you all don't keep yawning | alaesney turmasalaif they don't keep yawning |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menesney tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of yawning | senesney tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of yawning | olesney tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of yawning | bizesney tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of yawning | sizesney tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of yawning | alaesney tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of yawning |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menesnemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not yawning (emphatic) | senesnemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not yawning (emphatic) | olesnemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not yawning (emphatic) | bizesnemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not yawning (emphatic) | sizesnemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not yawning (emphatic) | alaesnemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not yawning (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menesnemey turamaI keep on not yawning | senesnemey turasayou keep on not yawning | olesnemey turadıhe keeps on not yawning | bizesnemey turabızwe keep on not yawning | sizesnemey turasızyou all keep on not yawning | alaesnemey turadılathey keep on not yawning |
| Progressive — double negation | menesnemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not yawning | senesnemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not yawning | olesnemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not yawning | bizesnemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not yawning | sizesnemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not yawning | alaesnemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not yawning |
| Progressive — double negation | menesnemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not yawning? | senesnemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not yawning? | olesnemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not yawning? | bizesnemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not yawning? | sizesnemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not yawning? | alaesnemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not yawning? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menesnegen bolmazmaI can't have yawned | senesnegen bolmazsayou can't have yawned | olesnegen bolmazhe can't have yawned | bizesnegen bolmazbızwe can't have yawned | sizesnegen bolmazsızyou all can't have yawned | alaesnegen bolmazlathey can't have yawned |
| Inference — double negation | menesnemegen bolmazmaI must have yawned (emphatic) | senesnemegen bolmazsayou must have yawned (emphatic) | olesnemegen bolmazhe must have yawned (emphatic) | bizesnemegen bolmazbızwe must have yawned (emphatic) | sizesnemegen bolmazsızyou all must have yawned (emphatic) | alaesnemegen bolmazlathey must have yawned (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menesnegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had yawned | senesnegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had yawned | olesnegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had yawned | bizesnegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had yawned | sizesnegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had yawned | alaesnegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had yawned |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menesnemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't yawned | senesnemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't yawned | olesnemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't yawned | bizesnemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't yawned | sizesnemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't yawned | alaesnemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't yawned |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menesnerik bolmazmaI can't be going to yawn | senesnerik bolmazsayou can't be going to yawn | olesnerik bolmazhe can't be going to yawn | bizesnerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to yawn | sizesnerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to yawn | alaesnerik bolmazlathey can't be going to yawn |
| Inference, future — double negation | menesnemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to yawn (emphatic) | senesnemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to yawn (emphatic) | olesnemezlik bolmazhe must be going to yawn (emphatic) | bizesnemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to yawn (emphatic) | sizesnemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to yawn (emphatic) | alaesnemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to yawn (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menesnerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to yawn | senesnerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to yawn | olesnerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to yawn | bizesnerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to yawn | sizesnerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to yawn | alaesnerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to yawn |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menesnemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to yawn | senesnemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to yawn | olesnemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to yawn | bizesnemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to yawn | sizesnemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to yawn | alaesnemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to yawn |