eniklerge
/eniklerɡe/
1. imitate, copy, reproduce
- kök küküregenni qaya tawuş enikleydi — the echo off the cliff repeats the rumbling thunder
- ol eniklerge ustadı — he is a master at imitating
- ustaznı enikleydi — he imitates his teacher
- tawuşlanı eniklerge — to reproduce the sounds
2. mimic, mock, tease
- meni enikleme — don't mimic me
- sabiyle bir birni enikleydile — the children mimic each other
- anı enikleb küldüle — they mimicked him and laughed
Conjugation
Common forms
- enikleydihe is imitating
- enikledihe imitated
- eniklegendihe has imitated
- eniklerhe will imitate
- eniklerikdihe is going to imitate
- enikley edihe was imitating
- enikleseif he imitates
- enikle!imitate!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenikleymeI am imitating | senenikleyseyou are imitating | olenikleydihe is imitating | bizenikleybizwe are imitating | sizenikleysizyou all are imitating | alaenikleydilethey are imitating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneniklemeymeI am not imitating | seneniklemeyseyou are not imitating | oleniklemeydihe is not imitating | bizeniklemeybizwe are not imitating | sizeniklemeysizyou all are not imitating | alaeniklemeydilethey are not imitating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menenikleymemi? enikleymime?am I imitating? | senenikleymise?are you imitating? | olenikleymidi?is he imitating? | bizenikleybizmi? enikleymibiz?are we imitating? | sizenikleymisiz?are you all imitating? | alaenikleymidile?are they imitating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneniklemeymemi? eniklemeymime?aren't I imitating? | seneniklemeymise?aren't you imitating? | oleniklemeymidi?isn't he imitating? | bizeniklemeybizmi? eniklemeymibiz?aren't we imitating? | sizeniklemeymisiz?aren't you all imitating? | alaeniklemeymidile?aren't they imitating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniklewçenmeI usually imitate | seneniklewçenseyou usually imitate | oleniklewçendihe usually imitates | bizeniklewçenbizwe usually imitate | sizeniklewçensizyou all usually imitate | alaeniklewçendilethey usually imitate |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniklemewçenmeI usually don't imitate | seneniklemewçenseyou usually don't imitate | oleniklemewçendihe usually doesn't imitate | bizeniklemewçenbizwe usually don't imitate | sizeniklemewçensizyou all usually don't imitate | alaeniklemewçendilethey usually don't imitate |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniklewçenmemi? eniklewçenmime?do I usually imitate? | seneniklewçenmise?do you usually imitate? | oleniklewçenmidi?does he usually imitate? | bizeniklewçenbizmi? eniklewçenmibiz?do we usually imitate? | sizeniklewçenmisiz?do you all usually imitate? | alaeniklewçenmidile?do they usually imitate? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneniklemewçenmemi? eniklemewçenmime?do I usually not imitate? | seneniklemewçenmise?do you usually not imitate? | oleniklemewçenmidi?does he usually not imitate? | bizeniklemewçenbizmi? eniklemewçenmibiz?do we usually not imitate? | sizeniklemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not imitate? | alaeniklemewçenmidile?do they usually not imitate? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleniklebdihe has imitated and remains so | alaeniklebdilethey have imitated and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleniklebmidi?has he imitated? | alaeniklebmidile?have they imitated? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenikleb turamaI keep imitating | senenikleb turasayou keep imitating | olenikleb turadıhe keeps imitating | bizenikleb turabızwe keep imitating | sizenikleb turasızyou all keep imitating | alaenikleb turadılathey keep imitating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenikleb turmaymaI don't keep imitating | senenikleb turmaysayou don't keep imitating | olenikleb turmaydıhe doesn't keep imitating | bizenikleb turmaybızwe don't keep imitating | sizenikleb turmaysızyou all don't keep imitating | alaenikleb turmaydılathey don't keep imitating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenikleb turamamı? enikleb turamıma?do I keep imitating? | senenikleb turamısa?do you keep imitating? | olenikleb turamıdı?does he keep imitating? | bizenikleb turabızmı? enikleb turamıbız?do we keep imitating? | sizenikleb turamısız?do you all keep imitating? | alaenikleb turamıdıla?do they keep imitating? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menenikleb turmaymamı? enikleb turmaymıma?don't I keep imitating? | senenikleb turmaymısa?don't you keep imitating? | olenikleb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep imitating? | bizenikleb turmaybızmı? enikleb turmaymıbız?don't we keep imitating? | sizenikleb turmaymısız?don't you all keep imitating? | alaenikleb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep imitating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menenikley turamaI am in the middle of imitating | senenikley turasayou are in the middle of imitating | olenikley turadıhe is in the middle of imitating | bizenikley turabızwe are in the middle of imitating | sizenikley turasızyou all are in the middle of imitating | alaenikley turadılathey are in the middle of imitating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menenikley turmaymaI am not in the middle of imitating | senenikley turmaysayou are not in the middle of imitating | olenikley turmaydıhe is not in the middle of imitating | bizenikley turmaybızwe are not in the middle of imitating | sizenikley turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of imitating | alaenikley turmaydılathey are not in the middle of imitating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menenikley turamamı? enikley turamıma?am I in the middle of imitating? | senenikley turamısa?are you in the middle of imitating? | olenikley turamıdı?is he in the middle of imitating? | bizenikley turabızmı? enikley turamıbız?are we in the middle of imitating? | sizenikley turamısız?are you all in the middle of imitating? | alaenikley turamıdıla?are they in the middle of imitating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menenikley turmaymamı? enikley turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of imitating? | senenikley turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of imitating? | olenikley turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of imitating? | bizenikley turmaybızmı? enikley turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of imitating? | sizenikley turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of imitating? | alaenikley turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of imitating? |
| Simple past (definite) | menenikledimI imitated | seneniklediŋyou imitated | olenikledihe imitated | bizenikledikwe imitated | sizenikledigizyou all imitated | alaenikledilethey imitated |
| Simple past (definite) | meneniklemedimI didn't imitate | seneniklemediŋyou didn't imitate | oleniklemedihe didn't imitate | bizeniklemedikwe didn't imitate | sizeniklemedigizyou all didn't imitate | alaeniklemedilethey didn't imitate |
| Simple past (definite) | menenikledimmi?did I imitate? | seneniklediŋmi?did you imitate? | olenikledimi?did he imitate? | bizenikledikmi?did we imitate? | sizenikledigizmi?did you all imitate? | alaenikledilemi?did they imitate? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneniklemedimmi?didn't I imitate? | seneniklemediŋmi?didn't you imitate? | oleniklemedimi?didn't he imitate? | bizeniklemedikmi?didn't we imitate? | sizeniklemedigizmi?didn't you all imitate? | alaeniklemedilemi?didn't they imitate? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneniklegenmeI have imitated | seneniklegenseyou have imitated | oleniklegendihe has imitated | bizeniklegenbizwe have imitated | sizeniklegensizyou all have imitated | alaeniklegendilethey have imitated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneniklemegenmeI haven't imitated | seneniklemegenseyou haven't imitated | oleniklemegendihe hasn't imitated | bizeniklemegenbizwe haven't imitated | sizeniklemegensizyou all haven't imitated | alaeniklemegendilethey haven't imitated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneniklegenmemi? eniklegenmime?have I imitated? | seneniklegenmise?have you imitated? | oleniklegenmidi?has he imitated? | bizeniklegenbizmi? eniklegenmibiz?have we imitated? | sizeniklegenmisiz?have you all imitated? | alaeniklegenmidile?have they imitated? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneniklemegenmemi? eniklemegenmime?haven't I imitated? | seneniklemegenmise?haven't you imitated? | oleniklemegenmidi?hasn't he imitated? | bizeniklemegenbizmi? eniklemegenmibiz?haven't we imitated? | sizeniklemegenmisiz?haven't you all imitated? | alaeniklemegenmidile?haven't they imitated? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menenikleb turdumI kept imitating | senenikleb turduŋyou kept imitating | olenikleb turduhe kept imitating | bizenikleb turduqwe kept imitating | sizenikleb turduğuzyou all kept imitating | alaenikleb turdulathey kept imitating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menenikleb turmadımI didn't keep imitating | senenikleb turmadıŋyou didn't keep imitating | olenikleb turmadıhe didn't keep imitating | bizenikleb turmadıqwe didn't keep imitating | sizenikleb turmadığızyou all didn't keep imitating | alaenikleb turmadılathey didn't keep imitating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneniklermeI will imitate | seneniklerseyou will imitate | oleniklerhe will imitate | bizeniklerbizwe will imitate | sizeniklersizyou all will imitate | alaeniklerlethey will imitate |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneniklemezmeI won't imitate | seneniklemezseyou won't imitate | oleniklemezhe won't imitate | bizeniklemezbizwe won't imitate | sizeniklemezsizyou all won't imitate | alaeniklemezlethey won't imitate |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneniklermemi? eniklermime?will I imitate? | seneniklermise?will you imitate? | oleniklermi?will he imitate? | bizeniklerbizmi? eniklermibiz?will we imitate? | sizeniklermisiz?will you all imitate? | alaeniklerlemi? eniklermile?will they imitate? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneniklemezmemi? eniklemezmime?won't I imitate? | seneniklemezmise?won't you imitate? | oleniklemezmi?won't he imitate? | bizeniklemezbizmi? eniklemezmibiz?won't we imitate? | sizeniklemezmisiz?won't you all imitate? | alaeniklemezlemi? eniklemezmile?won't they imitate? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneniklerikmeI am going to imitate | seneniklerikseyou are going to imitate | oleniklerikdihe is going to imitate | bizeniklerikbizwe are going to imitate | sizenikleriksizyou all are going to imitate | alaeniklerikdilethey are going to imitate |
| Definite future (future II) | meneniklerik tülmeI am not going to imitate | seneniklerik tülseyou are not going to imitate | oleniklerik tüldühe is not going to imitate | bizeniklerik tülbüzwe are not going to imitate | sizeniklerik tülsüzyou all are not going to imitate | alaeniklerik tüldülethey are not going to imitate |
| Definite future (future II) | meneniklerikmemi? eniklerikmime?am I going to imitate? | seneniklerikmise?are you going to imitate? | oleniklerikmidi?is he going to imitate? | bizeniklerikbizmi? eniklerikmibiz?are we going to imitate? | sizeniklerikmisiz?are you all going to imitate? | alaeniklerikmidile?are they going to imitate? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneniklerik tülmüme?aren't I going to imitate? | seneniklerik tülmüse?aren't you going to imitate? | oleniklerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to imitate? | bizeniklerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to imitate? | sizeniklerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to imitate? | alaeniklerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to imitate? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneniklegen edimeniklegenemI had imitated | seneniklegen ediŋeniklegeneŋyou had imitated | oleniklegen edieniklegenedhe had imitated | bizeniklegen edikeniklegenekwe had imitated | sizeniklegen edigizeniklegenegizyou all had imitated | alaeniklegen edileeniklegenellethey had imitated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneniklemegen edimeniklemegenemI hadn't imitated | seneniklemegen ediŋeniklemegeneŋyou hadn't imitated | oleniklemegen edieniklemegenedhe hadn't imitated | bizeniklemegen edikeniklemegenekwe hadn't imitated | sizeniklemegen edigizeniklemegenegizyou all hadn't imitated | alaeniklemegen edileeniklemegenellethey hadn't imitated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menenikley edimenikleyemI was imitating | senenikley ediŋenikleyeŋyou were imitating | olenikley edienikleyedhe was imitating | bizenikley edikenikleyekwe were imitating | sizenikley edigizenikleyegizyou all were imitating | alaenikley edileenikleyellethey were imitating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneniklemey edimeniklemeyemI wasn't imitating | seneniklemey ediŋeniklemeyeŋyou weren't imitating | oleniklemey edieniklemeyedhe wasn't imitating | bizeniklemey edikeniklemeyekwe weren't imitating | sizeniklemey edigizeniklemeyegizyou all weren't imitating | alaeniklemey edileeniklemeyellethey weren't imitating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneniklewçen edimeniklewçenemI used to imitate | seneniklewçen ediŋeniklewçeneŋyou used to imitate | oleniklewçen edieniklewçenedhe used to imitate | bizeniklewçen edikeniklewçenekwe used to imitate | sizeniklewçen edigizeniklewçenegizyou all used to imitate | alaeniklewçen edileeniklewçenellethey used to imitate |
| Habitual past (used to) | meneniklemewçen edimeniklemewçenemI didn't use to imitate | seneniklemewçen ediŋeniklemewçeneŋyou didn't use to imitate | oleniklemewçen edieniklemewçenedhe didn't use to imitate | bizeniklemewçen edikeniklemewçenekwe didn't use to imitate | sizeniklemewçen edigizeniklemewçenegizyou all didn't use to imitate | alaeniklemewçen edileeniklemewçenellethey didn't use to imitate |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olenikleb edihe had imitated and remained so | alaenikleb edilethey had imitated and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olenikleb tül edihe hadn't imitated | alaenikleb tül edilethey hadn't imitated | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menenikleb tura edimenikleb turaemI had kept imitating | senenikleb tura ediŋenikleb turaeŋyou had kept imitating | olenikleb tura edienikleb turaedhe had kept imitating | bizenikleb tura edikenikleb turaekwe had kept imitating | sizenikleb tura edigizenikleb turaegizyou all had kept imitating | alaenikleb tura edileenikleb turaellethey had kept imitating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menenikleb turmay edimenikleb turmayemI hadn't kept imitating | senenikleb turmay ediŋenikleb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept imitating | olenikleb turmay edienikleb turmayedhe hadn't kept imitating | bizenikleb turmay edikenikleb turmayekwe hadn't kept imitating | sizenikleb turmay edigizenikleb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept imitating | alaenikleb turmay edileenikleb turmayellethey hadn't kept imitating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menenikley tura edimenikley turaemI was in the middle of imitating | senenikley tura ediŋenikley turaeŋyou were in the middle of imitating | olenikley tura edienikley turaedhe was in the middle of imitating | bizenikley tura edikenikley turaekwe were in the middle of imitating | sizenikley tura edigizenikley turaegizyou all were in the middle of imitating | alaenikley tura edileenikley turaellethey were in the middle of imitating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menenikley turmay edimenikley turmayemI wasn't in the middle of imitating | senenikley turmay ediŋenikley turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of imitating | olenikley turmay edienikley turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of imitating | bizenikley turmay edikenikley turmayekwe weren't in the middle of imitating | sizenikley turmay edigizenikley turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of imitating | alaenikley turmay edileenikley turmayellethey weren't in the middle of imitating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menenikler edimenikler emI would imitate | senenikler ediŋenikler eŋyou would imitate | olenikler edienikler edhe would imitate | bizenikler edikenikler ekwe would imitate | sizenikler edigizenikler egizyou all would imitate | alaenikler edileenikler ellethey would imitate |
| Conditional result (would) | meneniklemez edimeniklemez emI wouldn't imitate | seneniklemez ediŋeniklemez eŋyou wouldn't imitate | oleniklemez edieniklemez edhe wouldn't imitate | bizeniklemez edikeniklemez ekwe wouldn't imitate | sizeniklemez edigizeniklemez egizyou all wouldn't imitate | alaeniklemez edileeniklemez ellethey wouldn't imitate |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneniklerik edimeniklerik emI would have imitated | seneniklerik ediŋeniklerik eŋyou would have imitated | oleniklerik edieniklerik edhe would have imitated | bizeniklerik edikeniklerik ekwe would have imitated | sizeniklerik edigizeniklerik egizyou all would have imitated | alaeniklerik edileeniklerik ellethey would have imitated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneniklerik tül edimeniklerik tül emI wouldn't have imitated | seneniklerik tül ediŋeniklerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have imitated | oleniklerik tül edieniklerik tül edhe wouldn't have imitated | bizeniklerik tül edikeniklerik tül ekwe wouldn't have imitated | sizeniklerik tül edigizeniklerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have imitated | alaeniklerik tül edileeniklerik tül ellethey wouldn't have imitated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | meneniklesemif I imitate | senenikleseŋif you imitate | olenikleseif he imitates | bizeniklesekif we imitate | sizeniklesegizif you all imitate | alaenikleseleif they imitate |
| Conditional | meneniklemesemif I don't imitate | seneniklemeseŋif you don't imitate | oleniklemeseif he doesn't imitate | bizeniklemesekif we don't imitate | sizeniklemesegizif you all don't imitate | alaeniklemeseleif they don't imitate |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menenikley esemif I am imitating | senenikley eseŋif you are imitating | olenikley eseif he is imitating | bizenikley esekif we are imitating | sizenikley esegizif you all are imitating | alaenikley eseleif they are imitating |
| Conditional, present real | meneniklemey esemif I am not imitating | seneniklemey eseŋif you are not imitating | oleniklemey eseif he is not imitating | bizeniklemey esekif we are not imitating | sizeniklemey esegizif you all are not imitating | alaeniklemey eseleif they are not imitating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneniklesem edieniklesem edif only I imitated | senenikleseŋ edienikleseŋ edif only you imitated | oleniklese edieniklesedif only he imitated | bizeniklesek edieniklesek edif only we imitated | sizeniklesegiz edieniklesegiz edif only you all imitated | alaeniklesele edienikleseledif only they imitated |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneniklemesem edieniklemesem edif only I didn't imitate | seneniklemeseŋ edieniklemeseŋ edif only you didn't imitate | oleniklemese edieniklemesedif only he didn't imitate | bizeniklemesek edieniklemesek edif only we didn't imitate | sizeniklemesegiz edieniklemesegiz edif only you all didn't imitate | alaeniklemesele edieniklemeseledif only they didn't imitate |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menenikleb tursamif I carry on imitating | senenikleb tursaŋif you carry on imitating | olenikleb tursaif he carries on imitating | bizenikleb tursaqif we carry on imitating | sizenikleb tursağızif you all carry on imitating | alaenikleb tursalaif they carry on imitating |
| Durative conditional | menenikleb turmasamif I don't carry on imitating | senenikleb turmasaŋif you don't carry on imitating | olenikleb turmasaif he doesn't carry on imitating | bizenikleb turmasaqif we don't carry on imitating | sizenikleb turmasağızif you all don't carry on imitating | alaenikleb turmasalaif they don't carry on imitating |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menenikleb tura esemif I have kept imitating | senenikleb tura eseŋif you have kept imitating | olenikleb tura eseif he has kept imitating | bizenikleb tura esekif we have kept imitating | sizenikleb tura esegizif you all have kept imitating | alaenikleb tura eseleif they have kept imitating |
| Durative conditional, present real | menenikleb turmay esemif I haven't kept imitating | senenikleb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept imitating | olenikleb turmay eseif he hasn't kept imitating | bizenikleb turmay esekif we haven't kept imitating | sizenikleb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept imitating | alaenikleb turmay eseleif they haven't kept imitating |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menenikley tursamif I keep imitating | senenikley tursaŋif you keep imitating | olenikley tursaif he keeps imitating | bizenikley tursaqif we keep imitating | sizenikley tursağızif you all keep imitating | alaenikley tursalaif they keep imitating |
| Progressive conditional | meneniklemey tursamif I keep on not imitating | seneniklemey tursaŋif you keep on not imitating | oleniklemey tursaif he keeps on not imitating | bizeniklemey tursaqif we keep on not imitating | sizeniklemey tursağızif you all keep on not imitating | alaeniklemey tursalaif they keep on not imitating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menenikley tura esemif I am in the middle of imitating | senenikley tura eseŋif you are in the middle of imitating | olenikley tura eseif he is in the middle of imitating | bizenikley tura esekif we are in the middle of imitating | sizenikley tura esegizif you all are in the middle of imitating | alaenikley tura eseleif they are in the middle of imitating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneniklemey tura esemif I keep on not imitating | seneniklemey tura eseŋif you keep on not imitating | oleniklemey tura eseif he keeps on not imitating | bizeniklemey tura esekif we keep on not imitating | sizeniklemey tura esegizif you all keep on not imitating | alaeniklemey tura eseleif they keep on not imitating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menenikledim esemif I imitated | seneniklediŋ eseŋif you imitated | olenikledi eseif he imitated | bizenikledik esekif we imitated | sizenikledigiz esegizif you all imitated | alaenikledile eseleif they imitated |
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneniklemedim esemif I didn't imitate | seneniklemediŋ eseŋif you didn't imitate | oleniklemedi eseif he didn't imitate | bizeniklemedik esekif we didn't imitate | sizeniklemedigiz esegizif you all didn't imitate | alaeniklemedile eseleif they didn't imitate |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | meneniklegen esemif I did imitate (indeed) | seneniklegen eseŋif you did imitate (indeed) | oleniklegen eseif he did imitate (indeed) | bizeniklegen esekif we did imitate (indeed) | sizeniklegen esegizif you all did imitate (indeed) | alaeniklegen eseleif they did imitate (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | meneniklemegen esemif I didn't imitate (indeed) | seneniklemegen eseŋif you didn't imitate (indeed) | oleniklemegen eseif he didn't imitate (indeed) | bizeniklemegen esekif we didn't imitate (indeed) | sizeniklemegen esegizif you all didn't imitate (indeed) | alaeniklemegen eseleif they didn't imitate (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneniklegen bolsamif I had imitated | seneniklegen bolsaŋif you had imitated | oleniklegen bolsaif he had imitated | bizeniklegen bolsaqif we had imitated | sizeniklegen bolsağızif you all had imitated | alaeniklegen bolsalaif they had imitated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneniklemegen bolsamif I hadn't imitated | seneniklemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't imitated | oleniklemegen bolsaif he hadn't imitated | bizeniklemegen bolsaqif we hadn't imitated | sizeniklemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't imitated | alaeniklemegen bolsalaif they hadn't imitated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneniklegen bolsam edieniklegen bolsam edif only I had imitated | seneniklegen bolsaŋ edieniklegen bolsaŋ edif only you had imitated | oleniklegen bolsa edieniklegen bolsaedif only he had imitated | bizeniklegen bolsaq edieniklegen bolsaq edif only we had imitated | sizeniklegen bolsağız edieniklegen bolsağız edif only you all had imitated | alaeniklegen bolsala edieniklegen bolsalaedif only they had imitated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneniklemegen bolsam edieniklemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't imitated | seneniklemegen bolsaŋ edieniklemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't imitated | oleniklemegen bolsa edieniklemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't imitated | bizeniklemegen bolsaq edieniklemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't imitated | sizeniklemegen bolsağız edieniklemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't imitated | alaeniklemegen bolsala edieniklemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't imitated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menenikler esemif I will imitate | senenikler eseŋif you will imitate | olenikler eseif he will imitate | bizenikler esekif we will imitate | sizenikler esegizif you all will imitate | alaenikler eseleif they will imitate |
| Conditional, aorist | meneniklemez esemif I won't imitate | seneniklemez eseŋif you won't imitate | oleniklemez eseif he won't imitate | bizeniklemez esekif we won't imitate | sizeniklemez esegizif you all won't imitate | alaeniklemez eseleif they won't imitate |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | meneniklerik esemif I am going to imitate | seneniklerik eseŋif you are going to imitate | oleniklerik eseif he is going to imitate | bizeniklerik esekif we are going to imitate | sizeniklerik esegizif you all are going to imitate | alaeniklerik eseleif they are going to imitate |
| Conditional, future | meneniklerik tül esemif I am not going to imitate | seneniklerik tül eseŋif you are not going to imitate | oleniklerik tül eseif he is not going to imitate | bizeniklerik tül esekif we are not going to imitate | sizeniklerik tül esegizif you all are not going to imitate | alaeniklerik tül eseleif they are not going to imitate |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneniklerik bolsamif I were going to imitate | seneniklerik bolsaŋif you were going to imitate | oleniklerik bolsaif he were going to imitate | bizeniklerik bolsaqif we were going to imitate | sizeniklerik bolsağızif you all were going to imitate | alaeniklerik bolsalaif they were going to imitate |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneniklemezlik bolsamif I were not going to imitate | seneniklemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to imitate | oleniklemezlik bolsaif he were not going to imitate | bizeniklemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to imitate | sizeniklemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to imitate | alaeniklemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to imitate |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso eniklediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menenikley bolurmaI must be imitating | senenikley bolursayou must be imitating | olenikley bolurhe must be imitating | bizenikley bolurbuzwe must be imitating | sizenikley bolursuzyou all must be imitating | alaenikley bolurlathey must be imitating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneniklemey bolurmaI must not be imitating | seneniklemey bolursayou must not be imitating | oleniklemey bolurhe must not be imitating | bizeniklemey bolurbuzwe must not be imitating | sizeniklemey bolursuzyou all must not be imitating | alaeniklemey bolurlathey must not be imitating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menenikley tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of imitating | senenikley tura bolursayou must be in the middle of imitating | olenikley tura bolurhe must be in the middle of imitating | bizenikley tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of imitating | sizenikley tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of imitating | alaenikley tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of imitating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneniklemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not imitating | seneniklemey tura bolursayou must keep on not imitating | oleniklemey tura bolurhe must keep on not imitating | bizeniklemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not imitating | sizeniklemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not imitating | alaeniklemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not imitating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | meneniklegen bolurmaI must have imitated | seneniklegen bolursayou must have imitated | oleniklegen bolurhe must have imitated | bizeniklegen bolurbuzwe must have imitated | sizeniklegen bolursuzyou all must have imitated | alaeniklegen bolurlathey must have imitated |
| Inference (must have) | meneniklemegen bolurmaI must not have imitated | seneniklemegen bolursayou must not have imitated | oleniklemegen bolurhe must not have imitated | bizeniklemegen bolurbuzwe must not have imitated | sizeniklemegen bolursuzyou all must not have imitated | alaeniklemegen bolurlathey must not have imitated |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneniklerik bolurmaI must be going to imitate | seneniklerik bolursayou must be going to imitate | oleniklerik bolurhe must be going to imitate | bizeniklerik bolurbuzwe must be going to imitate | sizeniklerik bolursuzyou all must be going to imitate | alaeniklerik bolurlathey must be going to imitate |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneniklemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to imitate | seneniklemezlik bolursayou must not be going to imitate | oleniklemezlik bolurhe must not be going to imitate | bizeniklemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to imitate | sizeniklemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to imitate | alaeniklemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to imitate |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menenikleyimlet me imitate | senenikle!imitate! | oleniklesinlet him imitate | bizenikleyiklet's imitate | sizeniklegiz!imitate, you all! | alaeniklesinlelet them imitate |
| Commands & suggestions | meneniklemeyimlet me not imitate | senenikleme!don't imitate! | oleniklemesinlet him not imitate | bizeniklemeyiklet's not imitate | sizeniklemegiz!don't imitate, you all! | alaeniklemesinlelet them not imitate |
| Commands & suggestions | menenikleyimmi?shall I imitate? | oleniklesinmi?should he imitate? | bizenikleyikmi?shall we imitate? | alaeniklesinlemi?should they imitate? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | meneniklemeyimmi?shall I not imitate? | oleniklemesinmi?should he not imitate? | bizeniklemeyikmi?shall we not imitate? | alaeniklemesinlemi?should they not imitate? | ||
| Requests | senenikleçi2enikleçinplease imitate | oleniklesinçido let him imitate | sizenikleçigizplease imitate (plural/polite) | alaeniklesinleçido let them imitate | ||
| Requests | seneniklemeçi2eniklemeçinplease don't imitate | oleniklemesinçido let him not imitate | sizeniklemeçigizplease don't imitate (plural/polite) | alaeniklemesinleçido let them not imitate | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneniklegineniklegimay you imitate | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneniklemegineniklemegimay you not imitate | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneniklegey edim eniklege edimwould that I imitated | seneniklegey ediŋ eniklege ediŋwould that you imitated | oleniklegey edi eniklege ediwould that he imitated | bizeniklegey edik eniklege edikwould that we imitated | sizeniklegey edigiz eniklege edigizwould that you all imitated | alaeniklegey edile eniklege edilewould that they imitated |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneniklemegey edim eniklemege edimwould that I did not imitate | seneniklemegey ediŋ eniklemege ediŋwould that you did not imitate | oleniklemegey edi eniklemege ediwould that he did not imitate | bizeniklemegey edik eniklemege edikwould that we did not imitate | sizeniklemegey edigiz eniklemege edigizwould that you all did not imitate | alaeniklemegey edile eniklemege edilewould that they did not imitate |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneniklemege qoyayımenikleme qoyayımlet me allow someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoy!enikleme qoy!let someone imitate! | oleniklemege qoysunenikleme qoysunlet him allow someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoyayıqenikleme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoyuğuz!enikleme qoyuğuz!let someone imitate, you all! | alaeniklemege qoysunlaenikleme qoysunlalet them allow someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneniklemege qoymayımenikleme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoyma!enikleme qoyma!don't let someone imitate! | oleniklemege qoymasınenikleme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoymayıqenikleme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoymağız!enikleme qoymağız!don't let someone imitate, you all! | alaeniklemege qoymasınlaenikleme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneniklemege qoyayımmı?enikleme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoysunmu?enikleme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoyayıqmı?enikleme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoysunlamı?enikleme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to imitate? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneniklemege qoymayımmı?enikleme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoymasınmı?enikleme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoymayıqmı?enikleme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoymasınlamı?enikleme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to imitate? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | meneniklemege qoyamaenikleme qoyamaI allow someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoyasaenikleme qoyasayou allow someone to imitate | oleniklemege qoyadıenikleme qoyadıhe allows someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoyabızenikleme qoyabızwe allow someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoyasızenikleme qoyasızyou all allow someone to imitate | alaeniklemege qoyadılaenikleme qoyadılathey allow someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (present) | meneniklemege qoymaymaenikleme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoymaysaenikleme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to imitate | oleniklemege qoymaydıenikleme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoymaybızenikleme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoymaysızenikleme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to imitate | alaeniklemege qoymaydılaenikleme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (present) | meneniklemege qoyamamı?enikleme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to imitate? | seneniklemege qoyamısa?enikleme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoyamıdı?enikleme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoyabızmı?enikleme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to imitate? | sizeniklemege qoyamısız?enikleme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoyamıdıla?enikleme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to imitate? |
| Let someone… (present) | meneniklemege qoymaymamı?enikleme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to imitate? | seneniklemege qoymaymısa?enikleme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoymaymıdı?enikleme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoymaybızmı?enikleme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to imitate? | sizeniklemege qoymaymısız?enikleme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoymaymıdıla?enikleme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to imitate? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneniklemege qoydumenikleme qoydumI allowed someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoyduŋenikleme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to imitate | oleniklemege qoyduenikleme qoyduhe allowed someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoyduqenikleme qoyduqwe allowed someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoyduğuzenikleme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to imitate | alaeniklemege qoydulaenikleme qoydulathey allowed someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (past) | meneniklemege qoymadımenikleme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to imitate | seneniklemege qoymadıŋenikleme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to imitate | oleniklemege qoymadıenikleme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to imitate | bizeniklemege qoymadıqenikleme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to imitate | sizeniklemege qoymadığızenikleme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to imitate | alaeniklemege qoymadılaenikleme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to imitate |
| Let someone… (past) | meneniklemege qoydummu?enikleme qoydummu?did I allow someone to imitate? | seneniklemege qoyduŋmu?enikleme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoydumu?enikleme qoydumu?did he allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoyduqmu?enikleme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to imitate? | sizeniklemege qoyduğuzmu?enikleme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoydulamı?enikleme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to imitate? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneniklemege qoymadımmı?enikleme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to imitate? | seneniklemege qoymadıŋmı?enikleme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to imitate? | oleniklemege qoymadımı?enikleme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to imitate? | bizeniklemege qoymadıqmı?enikleme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to imitate? | sizeniklemege qoymadığızmı?enikleme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to imitate? | alaeniklemege qoymadılamı?enikleme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to imitate? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menenikleyalamaI can imitate | senenikleyalasayou can imitate | olenikleyaladıhe can imitate | bizenikleyalabızwe can imitate | sizenikleyalasızyou all can imitate | alaenikleyaladılathey can imitate |
| Ability — present | menenikleyalmaymaI can't imitate | senenikleyalmaysayou can't imitate | olenikleyalmaydıhe can't imitate | bizenikleyalmaybızwe can't imitate | sizenikleyalmaysızyou all can't imitate | alaenikleyalmaydılathey can't imitate |
| Ability — present | menenikleyalamamı? enikleyalamıma?can I imitate? | senenikleyalamısa?can you imitate? | olenikleyalamıdı?can he imitate? | bizenikleyalabızmı? enikleyalamıbız?can we imitate? | sizenikleyalamısız?can you all imitate? | alaenikleyalamıdıla?can they imitate? |
| Ability — present | menenikleyalmaymamı? enikleyalmaymıma?can't I imitate? | senenikleyalmaymısa?can't you imitate? | olenikleyalmaymıdı?can't he imitate? | bizenikleyalmaybızmı? enikleyalmaymıbız?can't we imitate? | sizenikleyalmaymısız?can't you all imitate? | alaenikleyalmaymıdıla?can't they imitate? |
| Ability — if I can… | menenikleyalsamif I can imitate | senenikleyalsaŋif you can imitate | olenikleyalsaif he can imitate | bizenikleyalsaqif we can imitate | sizenikleyalsağızif you all can imitate | alaenikleyalsalaif they can imitate |
| Ability — if I can… | menenikleyalmasamif I can't imitate | senenikleyalmasaŋif you can't imitate | olenikleyalmasaif he can't imitate | bizenikleyalmasaqif we can't imitate | sizenikleyalmasağızif you all can't imitate | alaenikleyalmasalaif they can't imitate |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menenikleyaldımI was able to imitate | senenikleyaldıŋyou were able to imitate | olenikleyaldıhe was able to imitate | bizenikleyaldıqwe were able to imitate | sizenikleyaldığızyou all were able to imitate | alaenikleyaldılathey were able to imitate |
| Ability — simple past | menenikleyalmadımI could not imitate | senenikleyalmadıŋyou could not imitate | olenikleyalmadıhe could not imitate | bizenikleyalmadıqwe could not imitate | sizenikleyalmadığızyou all could not imitate | alaenikleyalmadılathey could not imitate |
| Ability — simple past | menenikleyaldımmı?was I able to imitate? | senenikleyaldıŋmı?were you able to imitate? | olenikleyaldımı?was he able to imitate? | bizenikleyaldıqmı?were we able to imitate? | sizenikleyaldığızmı?were you all able to imitate? | alaenikleyaldılamı?were they able to imitate? |
| Ability — simple past | menenikleyalmadımmı?couldn't I imitate? | senenikleyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you imitate? | olenikleyalmadımı?couldn't he imitate? | bizenikleyalmadıqmı?couldn't we imitate? | sizenikleyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all imitate? | alaenikleyalmadılamı?couldn't they imitate? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenikleyalğanmaI have been able to imitate | senenikleyalğansayou have been able to imitate | olenikleyalğandıhe has been able to imitate | bizenikleyalğanbızwe have been able to imitate | sizenikleyalğansızyou all have been able to imitate | alaenikleyalğandılathey have been able to imitate |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenikleyalmağanmaI haven't been able to imitate | senenikleyalmağansayou haven't been able to imitate | olenikleyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to imitate | bizenikleyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to imitate | sizenikleyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to imitate | alaenikleyalmağandılathey haven't been able to imitate |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenikleyalğanmamı? enikleyalğanmıma?have I been able to imitate? | senenikleyalğanmısa?have you been able to imitate? | olenikleyalğanmıdı?has he been able to imitate? | bizenikleyalğanbızmı? enikleyalğanmıbız?have we been able to imitate? | sizenikleyalğanmısız?have you all been able to imitate? | alaenikleyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to imitate? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menenikleyalmağanmamı? enikleyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to imitate? | senenikleyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to imitate? | olenikleyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to imitate? | bizenikleyalmağanbızmı? enikleyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to imitate? | sizenikleyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to imitate? | alaenikleyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to imitate? |
| Ability — past perfect | menenikleyalğan edimenikleyalğanemI had been able to imitate | senenikleyalğan ediŋenikleyalğaneŋyou had been able to imitate | olenikleyalğan edienikleyalğanedhe had been able to imitate | bizenikleyalğan edikenikleyalğanekwe had been able to imitate | sizenikleyalğan edigizenikleyalğanegizyou all had been able to imitate | alaenikleyalğan edileenikleyalğanellethey had been able to imitate |
| Ability — past perfect | menenikleyalmağan edimenikleyalmağanemI hadn't been able to imitate | senenikleyalmağan ediŋenikleyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to imitate | olenikleyalmağan edienikleyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to imitate | bizenikleyalmağan edikenikleyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to imitate | sizenikleyalmağan edigizenikleyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to imitate | alaenikleyalmağan edileenikleyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to imitate |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menenikleyala edimenikleyalaemI could imitate | senenikleyala ediŋenikleyalaeŋyou could imitate | olenikleyala edienikleyalaedhe could imitate | bizenikleyala edikenikleyalaekwe could imitate | sizenikleyala edigizenikleyalaegizyou all could imitate | alaenikleyala edileenikleyalaellethey could imitate |
| Ability — past background | menenikleyalmay edimenikleyalmayemI could not imitate | senenikleyalmay ediŋenikleyalmayeŋyou could not imitate | olenikleyalmay edienikleyalmayedhe could not imitate | bizenikleyalmay edikenikleyalmayekwe could not imitate | sizenikleyalmay edigizenikleyalmayegizyou all could not imitate | alaenikleyalmay edileenikleyalmayellethey could not imitate |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menenikleyalırmaI will be able to imitate | senenikleyalırsayou will be able to imitate | olenikleyalırhe will be able to imitate | bizenikleyalırbızwe will be able to imitate | sizenikleyalırsızyou all will be able to imitate | alaenikleyalırlathey will be able to imitate |
| Ability — future I | menenikleyalmazmaI won't be able to imitate | senenikleyalmazsayou won't be able to imitate | olenikleyalmazhe won't be able to imitate | bizenikleyalmazbızwe won't be able to imitate | sizenikleyalmazsızyou all won't be able to imitate | alaenikleyalmazlathey won't be able to imitate |
| Ability — future I | menenikleyalırmamı? enikleyalırmıma?will I be able to imitate? | senenikleyalırmısa?will you be able to imitate? | olenikleyalırmı?will he be able to imitate? | bizenikleyalırbızmı? enikleyalırmıbız?will we be able to imitate? | sizenikleyalırmısız?will you all be able to imitate? | alaenikleyalırlamı? enikleyalırmıla?will they be able to imitate? |
| Ability — future I | menenikleyalmazmamı? enikleyalmazmıma?won't I be able to imitate? | senenikleyalmazmısa?won't you be able to imitate? | olenikleyalmazmı?won't he be able to imitate? | bizenikleyalmazbızmı? enikleyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to imitate? | sizenikleyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to imitate? | alaenikleyalmazlamı? enikleyalmazmıla?won't they be able to imitate? |
| Ability — future II | menenikleyallıqmaI am going to be able to imitate | senenikleyallıqsayou are going to be able to imitate | olenikleyallıqdıhe is going to be able to imitate | bizenikleyallıqbızwe are going to be able to imitate | sizenikleyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to imitate | alaenikleyallıqdılathey are going to be able to imitate |
| Ability — future II | menenikleyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to imitate | senenikleyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to imitate | olenikleyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to imitate | bizenikleyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to imitate | sizenikleyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to imitate | alaenikleyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to imitate |
| Ability — future II | menenikleyallıqmamı? enikleyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to imitate? | senenikleyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to imitate? | olenikleyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to imitate? | bizenikleyallıqbızmı? enikleyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to imitate? | sizenikleyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to imitate? | alaenikleyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to imitate? |
| Ability — future II | menenikleyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to imitate? | senenikleyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to imitate? | olenikleyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to imitate? | bizenikleyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to imitate? | sizenikleyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to imitate? | alaenikleyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to imitate? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menenikleyalır edimenikleyalır emI would be able to imitate | senenikleyalır ediŋenikleyalır eŋyou would be able to imitate | olenikleyalır edienikleyalır edhe would be able to imitate | bizenikleyalır edikenikleyalır ekwe would be able to imitate | sizenikleyalır edigizenikleyalır egizyou all would be able to imitate | alaenikleyalır edileenikleyalır ellethey would be able to imitate |
| Ability — would be able to… | menenikleyalmaz edimenikleyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to imitate | senenikleyalmaz ediŋenikleyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to imitate | olenikleyalmaz edienikleyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to imitate | bizenikleyalmaz edikenikleyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to imitate | sizenikleyalmaz edigizenikleyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to imitate | alaenikleyalmaz edileenikleyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to imitate |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senenikleyalğınenikleyalğımay you be able to imitate | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senenikleyalmağınenikleyalmağımay you not be able to imitate | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | meneniklerge izleymeI want to imitate | seneniklerge izleyseyou want to imitate | oleniklerge izleydihe wants to imitate | bizeniklerge izleybizwe want to imitate | sizeniklerge izleysizyou all want to imitate | alaeniklerge izleydilethey want to imitate |
| want to | meneniklerge izlemeymeI do not want to imitate | seneniklerge izlemeyseyou do not want to imitate | oleniklerge izlemeydihe does not want to imitate | bizeniklerge izlemeybizwe do not want to imitate | sizeniklerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to imitate | alaeniklerge izlemeydilethey do not want to imitate |
| would like to | meneniklerge süemeI would like to imitate | seneniklerge süeseyou would like to imitate | oleniklerge süedihe would like to imitate | bizeniklerge süebizwe would like to imitate | sizeniklerge süesizyou all would like to imitate | alaeniklerge süedilethey would like to imitate |
| would like to | meneniklerge süymeymeI would not like to imitate | seneniklerge süymeyseyou would not like to imitate | oleniklerge süymeydihe would not like to imitate | bizeniklerge süymeybizwe would not like to imitate | sizeniklerge süymeysizyou all would not like to imitate | alaeniklerge süymeydilethey would not like to imitate |
| hope to | meneniklerge umutlanamaI hope to imitate | seneniklerge umutlanasayou hope to imitate | oleniklerge umutlanadıhe hopes to imitate | bizeniklerge umutlanabızwe hope to imitate | sizeniklerge umutlanasızyou all hope to imitate | alaeniklerge umutlanadılathey hope to imitate |
| hope to | meneniklerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to imitate | seneniklerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to imitate | oleniklerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to imitate | bizeniklerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to imitate | sizeniklerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to imitate | alaeniklerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to imitate |
| be about to | meneniklerge deb turamaI am about to imitate | seneniklerge deb turasayou are about to imitate | oleniklerge deb turadıhe is about to imitate | bizeniklerge deb turabızwe are about to imitate | sizeniklerge deb turasızyou all are about to imitate | alaeniklerge deb turadılathey are about to imitate |
| be about to | meneniklerge deb turmaymaI am not about to imitate | seneniklerge deb turmaysayou are not about to imitate | oleniklerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to imitate | bizeniklerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to imitate | sizeniklerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to imitate | alaeniklerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to imitate |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | meneniklerge kerekmeI need to imitate | seneniklerge kerekseyou need to imitate | oleniklerge kerekdihe needs to imitate | bizeniklerge kerekbizwe need to imitate | sizeniklerge kereksizyou all need to imitate | alaeniklerge kerekdilethey need to imitate |
| need to | meneniklerge kerek tülmeI do not need to imitate | seneniklerge kerek tülseyou do not need to imitate | oleniklerge kerek tüldühe does not need to imitate | bizeniklerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to imitate | sizeniklerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to imitate | alaeniklerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to imitate |
| have to | menmenŋe eniklerge tüşediI have to imitate | sensenŋe eniklerge tüşediyou have to imitate | olaŋa eniklerge tüşedihe has to imitate | bizbizge eniklerge tüşediwe have to imitate | sizsizge eniklerge tüşediyou all have to imitate | alaalağa eniklerge tüşedithey have to imitate |
| have to | menmenŋe eniklerge tüşmeydiI do not have to imitate | sensenŋe eniklerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to imitate | olaŋa eniklerge tüşmeydihe does not have to imitate | bizbizge eniklerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to imitate | sizsizge eniklerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to imitate | alaalağa eniklerge tüşmeydithey do not have to imitate |
| be obliged to | meneniklerge borçlumaI am obliged to imitate | seneniklerge borçlusayou are obliged to imitate | oleniklerge borçluduhe is obliged to imitate | bizeniklerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to imitate | sizeniklerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to imitate | alaeniklerge borçludulathey are obliged to imitate |
| be obliged to | meneniklerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to imitate | seneniklerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to imitate | oleniklerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to imitate | bizeniklerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to imitate | sizeniklerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to imitate | alaeniklerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to imitate |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | meneniklerge madarım bardıI have a way to imitate | seneniklerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to imitate | oleniklerge madarı bardıhe has a way to imitate | bizeniklerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to imitate | sizeniklerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to imitate | alaeniklerge madarları bardıthey have a way to imitate |
| have a way to | meneniklerge madarım joqduI have no way to imitate | seneniklerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to imitate | oleniklerge madarı joqduhe has no way to imitate | bizeniklerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to imitate | sizeniklerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to imitate | alaeniklerge madarları joqduthey have no way to imitate |
| be free to | meneniklerge erkinligim bardıI am free to imitate | seneniklerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to imitate | oleniklerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to imitate | bizeniklerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to imitate | sizeniklerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to imitate | alaeniklerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to imitate |
| be free to | meneniklerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to imitate | seneniklerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to imitate | oleniklerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to imitate | bizeniklerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to imitate | sizeniklerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to imitate | alaeniklerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to imitate |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for me to imitate | sensenŋe eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for you to imitate | olaŋa eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for him to imitate | bizbizge eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for us to imitate | sizsizge eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to imitate | alaalağa eniklerge bolluqduit is possible for them to imitate |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to imitate | sensenŋe eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to imitate | olaŋa eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to imitate | bizbizge eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to imitate | sizsizge eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to imitate | alaalağa eniklerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to imitate |
| be ready to | meneniklerge hazırmaI am ready to imitate | seneniklerge hazırsayou are ready to imitate | oleniklerge hazırdıhe is ready to imitate | bizeniklerge hazırbızwe are ready to imitate | sizeniklerge hazırsızyou all are ready to imitate | alaeniklerge hazırdılathey are ready to imitate |
| be ready to | meneniklerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to imitate | seneniklerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to imitate | oleniklerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to imitate | bizeniklerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to imitate | sizeniklerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to imitate | alaeniklerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to imitate |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | meneniklerge küreşemeI am trying to imitate | seneniklerge küreşeseyou are trying to imitate | oleniklerge küreşedihe is trying to imitate | bizeniklerge küreşebizwe are trying to imitate | sizeniklerge küreşesizyou all are trying to imitate | alaeniklerge küreşedilethey are trying to imitate |
| try to | meneniklerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to imitate | seneniklerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to imitate | oleniklerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to imitate | bizeniklerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to imitate | sizeniklerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to imitate | alaeniklerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to imitate |
| agree to | meneniklerge unaymaI agree to imitate | seneniklerge unaysayou agree to imitate | oleniklerge unaydıhe agrees to imitate | bizeniklerge unaybızwe agree to imitate | sizeniklerge unaysızyou all agree to imitate | alaeniklerge unaydılathey agree to imitate |
| agree to | meneniklerge unamaymaI refuse to imitate | seneniklerge unamaysayou refuse to imitate | oleniklerge unamaydıhe refuses to imitate | bizeniklerge unamaybızwe refuse to imitate | sizeniklerge unamaysızyou all refuse to imitate | alaeniklerge unamaydılathey refuse to imitate |
| hurry to | meneniklerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to imitate | seneniklerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to imitate | oleniklerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to imitate | bizeniklerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to imitate | sizeniklerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to imitate | alaeniklerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to imitate |
| hurry to | meneniklerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to imitate | seneniklerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to imitate | oleniklerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to imitate | bizeniklerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to imitate | sizeniklerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to imitate | alaeniklerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to imitate |
| be afraid to | meneniklerge qorqamaI am afraid to imitate | seneniklerge qorqasayou are afraid to imitate | oleniklerge qorqadıhe is afraid to imitate | bizeniklerge qorqabızwe are afraid to imitate | sizeniklerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to imitate | alaeniklerge qorqadılathey are afraid to imitate |
| be afraid to | meneniklerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to imitate | seneniklerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to imitate | oleniklerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to imitate | bizeniklerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to imitate | sizeniklerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to imitate | alaeniklerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to imitate |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menenikley bolmazmaI can't be imitating | senenikley bolmazsayou can't be imitating | olenikley bolmazhe can't be imitating | bizenikley bolmazbızwe can't be imitating | sizenikley bolmazsızyou all can't be imitating | alaenikley bolmazlathey can't be imitating |
| Inference, present — double negation | meneniklemey bolmazmaI must be imitating (emphatic) | seneniklemey bolmazsayou must be imitating (emphatic) | oleniklemey bolmazhe must be imitating (emphatic) | bizeniklemey bolmazbızwe must be imitating (emphatic) | sizeniklemey bolmazsızyou all must be imitating (emphatic) | alaeniklemey bolmazlathey must be imitating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menenikley turmasamif I don't keep imitating | senenikley turmasaŋif you don't keep imitating | olenikley turmasaif he doesn't keep imitating | bizenikley turmasaqif we don't keep imitating | sizenikley turmasağızif you all don't keep imitating | alaenikley turmasalaif they don't keep imitating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menenikley tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of imitating | senenikley tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of imitating | olenikley tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of imitating | bizenikley tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of imitating | sizenikley tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of imitating | alaenikley tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of imitating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | meneniklemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not imitating (emphatic) | seneniklemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not imitating (emphatic) | oleniklemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not imitating (emphatic) | bizeniklemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not imitating (emphatic) | sizeniklemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not imitating (emphatic) | alaeniklemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not imitating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | meneniklemey turamaI keep on not imitating | seneniklemey turasayou keep on not imitating | oleniklemey turadıhe keeps on not imitating | bizeniklemey turabızwe keep on not imitating | sizeniklemey turasızyou all keep on not imitating | alaeniklemey turadılathey keep on not imitating |
| Progressive — double negation | meneniklemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not imitating | seneniklemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not imitating | oleniklemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not imitating | bizeniklemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not imitating | sizeniklemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not imitating | alaeniklemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not imitating |
| Progressive — double negation | meneniklemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not imitating? | seneniklemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not imitating? | oleniklemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not imitating? | bizeniklemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not imitating? | sizeniklemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not imitating? | alaeniklemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not imitating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | meneniklegen bolmazmaI can't have imitated | seneniklegen bolmazsayou can't have imitated | oleniklegen bolmazhe can't have imitated | bizeniklegen bolmazbızwe can't have imitated | sizeniklegen bolmazsızyou all can't have imitated | alaeniklegen bolmazlathey can't have imitated |
| Inference — double negation | meneniklemegen bolmazmaI must have imitated (emphatic) | seneniklemegen bolmazsayou must have imitated (emphatic) | oleniklemegen bolmazhe must have imitated (emphatic) | bizeniklemegen bolmazbızwe must have imitated (emphatic) | sizeniklemegen bolmazsızyou all must have imitated (emphatic) | alaeniklemegen bolmazlathey must have imitated (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | meneniklegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had imitated | seneniklegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had imitated | oleniklegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had imitated | bizeniklegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had imitated | sizeniklegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had imitated | alaeniklegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had imitated |
| Counterfactual — double negation | meneniklemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't imitated | seneniklemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't imitated | oleniklemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't imitated | bizeniklemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't imitated | sizeniklemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't imitated | alaeniklemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't imitated |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | meneniklerik bolmazmaI can't be going to imitate | seneniklerik bolmazsayou can't be going to imitate | oleniklerik bolmazhe can't be going to imitate | bizeniklerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to imitate | sizeniklerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to imitate | alaeniklerik bolmazlathey can't be going to imitate |
| Inference, future — double negation | meneniklemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to imitate (emphatic) | seneniklemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to imitate (emphatic) | oleniklemezlik bolmazhe must be going to imitate (emphatic) | bizeniklemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to imitate (emphatic) | sizeniklemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to imitate (emphatic) | alaeniklemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to imitate (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | meneniklerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to imitate | seneniklerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to imitate | oleniklerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to imitate | bizeniklerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to imitate | sizeniklerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to imitate | alaeniklerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to imitate |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | meneniklemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to imitate | seneniklemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to imitate | oleniklemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to imitate | bizeniklemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to imitate | sizeniklemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to imitate | alaeniklemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to imitate |