bururğa
/bururʁa/
1. turn, rotate, crank, screw in, wind (a clock)
- çarhnı bururğa — to turn the wheel
- sağatnı bururğa — to wind the clock
- urçuqnu bururğa — to turn the spindle
- burub begitirge — to screw in tight
- ol açhıçnı burdu — he turned the key
- krannı burub jabarğa — to turn the tap off
2. turn something round, turn something aside, turn toward
- arı bururğa — to turn it that way
- beri bururğa — to turn it this way
- bir janına bururğa — to turn it to one side
- kesiŋe bururğa — to turn it toward yourself
- tananı beri bur — turn the calf this way
3. incline someone, urge someone on, push someone into something — The thing someone is inclined toward stands in the dative.
- amanlıqğa bururğa — to push someone into wrongdoing
- tüz aqılğa bururğa — to bring someone round to the right thought
- ol meni ol aqılğa burdu — he brought me round to that thought
- anı işge bururğa küreşeme — I am trying to incline him to work
4. twist, spin, twine; roll up, curl — Said of thread, yarn and rope, and also of rolling a cigarette and curling a mustache or hair.
- halını bururğa — to spin the thread
- arqannı bururğa — to twist the rope
- tütün bururğa — to roll tobacco
- ol halını buradı — she is spinning the thread
- mıyığın buradı — he is curling his mustache
5. cramp, gripe, ache — Said of the stomach and the other insides.
- qarnım buradı — my stomach is griping
- içim buradı — I have colic
- qarnı buradı — his stomach is griping
6. turn something into something else, convert — Often of turning the talk into a joke or onto another subject.
- söznü naqırdağa burdu — he turned the talk into a joke
- söznü başhağa bururğa — to turn the talk to something else
- işni oyunŋa burmağız — do not turn the matter into a game
- naqırdağa burasa — you turn it into a joke
7. gobble food, eat greedily
- jaşçıq jılı gırjınnı qurğaqlay buradı — the little boy gobbles warm bread dry
- ol aşnı buradı — he gobbles the food
- jaşla hantnı burdula — the boys gobbled the dish
8. distort, alter, twist what is said
- sözün burub aytmayma — I am not twisting his words
- ol haparnı buradı — he distorts the story
- sözümü burmağız — do not twist my words
9. direct effort to a goal, direct attention, channel resources — The goal stands in the dative.
- es bururğa — to turn one's attention to something
- mıŋa ençi es bururğa kerekdi — special attention must be turned to this
- bütew küçün işge burdu — he directed all his strength to the work
- madarlanı oquwğa burabız — we direct the means to study
Expressions
- burmay aytırğa — tell it straight
- al burğan — setting to work
- al bururğa — turn one's attention
- başın burub qaramazğa — ignore someone
Conjugation
Common forms
- buradıhe is turning
- burduhe turned
- burğandıhe has turned
- bururhe will turn
- burluqduhe is going to turn
- bura edihe was turning
- bursaif he turns
- bur!turn!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menburamaI am turning | senburasayou are turning | olburadıhe is turning | bizburabızwe are turning | sizburasızyou all are turning | alaburadılathey are turning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menburmaymaI am not turning | senburmaysayou are not turning | olburmaydıhe is not turning | bizburmaybızwe are not turning | sizburmaysızyou all are not turning | alaburmaydılathey are not turning |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menburamamı? buramıma?am I turning? | senburamısa?are you turning? | olburamıdı?is he turning? | bizburabızmı? buramıbız?are we turning? | sizburamısız?are you all turning? | alaburamıdıla?are they turning? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menburmaymamı? burmaymıma?aren't I turning? | senburmaymısa?aren't you turning? | olburmaymıdı?isn't he turning? | bizburmaybızmı? burmaymıbız?aren't we turning? | sizburmaymısız?aren't you all turning? | alaburmaymıdıla?aren't they turning? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menburuwçanmaI usually turn | senburuwçansayou usually turn | olburuwçandıhe usually turns | bizburuwçanbızwe usually turn | sizburuwçansızyou all usually turn | alaburuwçandılathey usually turn |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menburmawçanmaI usually don't turn | senburmawçansayou usually don't turn | olburmawçandıhe usually doesn't turn | bizburmawçanbızwe usually don't turn | sizburmawçansızyou all usually don't turn | alaburmawçandılathey usually don't turn |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menburuwçanmamı? buruwçanmıma?do I usually turn? | senburuwçanmısa?do you usually turn? | olburuwçanmıdı?does he usually turn? | bizburuwçanbızmı? buruwçanmıbız?do we usually turn? | sizburuwçanmısız?do you all usually turn? | alaburuwçanmıdıla?do they usually turn? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menburmawçanmamı? burmawçanmıma?do I usually not turn? | senburmawçanmısa?do you usually not turn? | olburmawçanmıdı?does he usually not turn? | bizburmawçanbızmı? burmawçanmıbız?do we usually not turn? | sizburmawçanmısız?do you all usually not turn? | alaburmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not turn? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olburubduhe has turned and remains so | alaburubdulathey have turned and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olburubmudu?has he turned? | alaburubmudula?have they turned? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menburub turamaI keep turning | senburub turasayou keep turning | olburub turadıhe keeps turning | bizburub turabızwe keep turning | sizburub turasızyou all keep turning | alaburub turadılathey keep turning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menburub turmaymaI don't keep turning | senburub turmaysayou don't keep turning | olburub turmaydıhe doesn't keep turning | bizburub turmaybızwe don't keep turning | sizburub turmaysızyou all don't keep turning | alaburub turmaydılathey don't keep turning |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menburub turamamı? burub turamıma?do I keep turning? | senburub turamısa?do you keep turning? | olburub turamıdı?does he keep turning? | bizburub turabızmı? burub turamıbız?do we keep turning? | sizburub turamısız?do you all keep turning? | alaburub turamıdıla?do they keep turning? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menburub turmaymamı? burub turmaymıma?don't I keep turning? | senburub turmaymısa?don't you keep turning? | olburub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep turning? | bizburub turmaybızmı? burub turmaymıbız?don't we keep turning? | sizburub turmaymısız?don't you all keep turning? | alaburub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep turning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbura turamaI am in the middle of turning | senbura turasayou are in the middle of turning | olbura turadıhe is in the middle of turning | bizbura turabızwe are in the middle of turning | sizbura turasızyou all are in the middle of turning | alabura turadılathey are in the middle of turning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbura turmaymaI am not in the middle of turning | senbura turmaysayou are not in the middle of turning | olbura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of turning | bizbura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of turning | sizbura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of turning | alabura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of turning |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbura turamamı? bura turamıma?am I in the middle of turning? | senbura turamısa?are you in the middle of turning? | olbura turamıdı?is he in the middle of turning? | bizbura turabızmı? bura turamıbız?are we in the middle of turning? | sizbura turamısız?are you all in the middle of turning? | alabura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of turning? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbura turmaymamı? bura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of turning? | senbura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of turning? | olbura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of turning? | bizbura turmaybızmı? bura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of turning? | sizbura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of turning? | alabura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of turning? |
| Simple past (definite) | menburdumI turned | senburduŋyou turned | olburduhe turned | bizburduqwe turned | sizburduğuzyou all turned | alaburdulathey turned |
| Simple past (definite) | menburmadımI didn't turn | senburmadıŋyou didn't turn | olburmadıhe didn't turn | bizburmadıqwe didn't turn | sizburmadığızyou all didn't turn | alaburmadılathey didn't turn |
| Simple past (definite) | menburdummu?did I turn? | senburduŋmu?did you turn? | olburdumu?did he turn? | bizburduqmu?did we turn? | sizburduğuzmu?did you all turn? | alaburdulamı?did they turn? |
| Simple past (definite) | menburmadımmı?didn't I turn? | senburmadıŋmı?didn't you turn? | olburmadımı?didn't he turn? | bizburmadıqmı?didn't we turn? | sizburmadığızmı?didn't you all turn? | alaburmadılamı?didn't they turn? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menburğanmaI have turned | senburğansayou have turned | olburğandıhe has turned | bizburğanbızwe have turned | sizburğansızyou all have turned | alaburğandılathey have turned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menburmağanmaI haven't turned | senburmağansayou haven't turned | olburmağandıhe hasn't turned | bizburmağanbızwe haven't turned | sizburmağansızyou all haven't turned | alaburmağandılathey haven't turned |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menburğanmamı? burğanmıma?have I turned? | senburğanmısa?have you turned? | olburğanmıdı?has he turned? | bizburğanbızmı? burğanmıbız?have we turned? | sizburğanmısız?have you all turned? | alaburğanmıdıla?have they turned? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menburmağanmamı? burmağanmıma?haven't I turned? | senburmağanmısa?haven't you turned? | olburmağanmıdı?hasn't he turned? | bizburmağanbızmı? burmağanmıbız?haven't we turned? | sizburmağanmısız?haven't you all turned? | alaburmağanmıdıla?haven't they turned? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menburub turdumI kept turning | senburub turduŋyou kept turning | olburub turduhe kept turning | bizburub turduqwe kept turning | sizburub turduğuzyou all kept turning | alaburub turdulathey kept turning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menburub turmadımI didn't keep turning | senburub turmadıŋyou didn't keep turning | olburub turmadıhe didn't keep turning | bizburub turmadıqwe didn't keep turning | sizburub turmadığızyou all didn't keep turning | alaburub turmadılathey didn't keep turning |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbururmaI will turn | senburursayou will turn | olbururhe will turn | bizbururbuzwe will turn | sizburursuzyou all will turn | alabururlathey will turn |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menburmazmaI won't turn | senburmazsayou won't turn | olburmazhe won't turn | bizburmazbızwe won't turn | sizburmazsızyou all won't turn | alaburmazlathey won't turn |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbururmamı? bururmuma?will I turn? | senbururmusa?will you turn? | olbururmu?will he turn? | bizbururbuzmu? bururmubuz?will we turn? | sizbururmusuz?will you all turn? | alabururlamı? bururmula?will they turn? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menburmazmamı? burmazmıma?won't I turn? | senburmazmısa?won't you turn? | olburmazmı?won't he turn? | bizburmazbızmı? burmazmıbız?won't we turn? | sizburmazmısız?won't you all turn? | alaburmazlamı? burmazmıla?won't they turn? |
| Definite future (future II) | menburluqma1burruqmaI am going to turn | senburluqsa1burruqsayou are going to turn | olburluqdu1burruqduhe is going to turn | bizburluqbuz1burruqbuzwe are going to turn | sizburluqsuz1burruqsuzyou all are going to turn | alaburluqdula1burruqdulathey are going to turn |
| Definite future (future II) | menburluq tülme1burruq tülmeI am not going to turn | senburluq tülse1burruq tülseyou are not going to turn | olburluq tüldü1burruq tüldühe is not going to turn | bizburluq tülbüz1burruq tülbüzwe are not going to turn | sizburluq tülsüz1burruq tülsüzyou all are not going to turn | alaburluq tüldüle1burruq tüldülethey are not going to turn |
| Definite future (future II) | menburluqmamı?1 burluqmuma?burruqmamı?am I going to turn? | senburluqmusa?1burruqmusa?are you going to turn? | olburluqmudu?1burruqmudu?is he going to turn? | bizburluqbuzmu?1 burluqmubuz?burruqbuzmu?are we going to turn? | sizburluqmusuz?1burruqmusuz?are you all going to turn? | alaburluqmudula?1burruqmudula?are they going to turn? |
| Definite future (future II) | menburluq tülmüme?1burruq tülmüme?aren't I going to turn? | senburluq tülmüse?1burruq tülmüse?aren't you going to turn? | olburluq tülmüdü?1burruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to turn? | bizburluq tülmübüz?1burruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to turn? | sizburluq tülmüsüz?1burruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to turn? | alaburluq tülmüdüle?1burruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to turn? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so burruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menburğan edimburğanemI had turned | senburğan ediŋburğaneŋyou had turned | olburğan ediburğanedhe had turned | bizburğan edikburğanekwe had turned | sizburğan edigizburğanegizyou all had turned | alaburğan edileburğanellethey had turned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menburmağan edimburmağanemI hadn't turned | senburmağan ediŋburmağaneŋyou hadn't turned | olburmağan ediburmağanedhe hadn't turned | bizburmağan edikburmağanekwe hadn't turned | sizburmağan edigizburmağanegizyou all hadn't turned | alaburmağan edileburmağanellethey hadn't turned |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbura edimburaemI was turning | senbura ediŋburaeŋyou were turning | olbura ediburaedhe was turning | bizbura edikburaekwe were turning | sizbura edigizburaegizyou all were turning | alabura edileburaellethey were turning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menburmay edimburmayemI wasn't turning | senburmay ediŋburmayeŋyou weren't turning | olburmay ediburmayedhe wasn't turning | bizburmay edikburmayekwe weren't turning | sizburmay edigizburmayegizyou all weren't turning | alaburmay edileburmayellethey weren't turning |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menburuwçan edimburuwçanemI used to turn | senburuwçan ediŋburuwçaneŋyou used to turn | olburuwçan ediburuwçanedhe used to turn | bizburuwçan edikburuwçanekwe used to turn | sizburuwçan edigizburuwçanegizyou all used to turn | alaburuwçan edileburuwçanellethey used to turn |
| Habitual past (used to) | menburmawçan edimburmawçanemI didn't use to turn | senburmawçan ediŋburmawçaneŋyou didn't use to turn | olburmawçan ediburmawçanedhe didn't use to turn | bizburmawçan edikburmawçanekwe didn't use to turn | sizburmawçan edigizburmawçanegizyou all didn't use to turn | alaburmawçan edileburmawçanellethey didn't use to turn |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olburub edihe had turned and remained so | alaburub edilethey had turned and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olburub tül edihe hadn't turned | alaburub tül edilethey hadn't turned | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menburub tura edimburub turaemI had kept turning | senburub tura ediŋburub turaeŋyou had kept turning | olburub tura ediburub turaedhe had kept turning | bizburub tura edikburub turaekwe had kept turning | sizburub tura edigizburub turaegizyou all had kept turning | alaburub tura edileburub turaellethey had kept turning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menburub turmay edimburub turmayemI hadn't kept turning | senburub turmay ediŋburub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept turning | olburub turmay ediburub turmayedhe hadn't kept turning | bizburub turmay edikburub turmayekwe hadn't kept turning | sizburub turmay edigizburub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept turning | alaburub turmay edileburub turmayellethey hadn't kept turning |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbura tura edimbura turaemI was in the middle of turning | senbura tura ediŋbura turaeŋyou were in the middle of turning | olbura tura edibura turaedhe was in the middle of turning | bizbura tura edikbura turaekwe were in the middle of turning | sizbura tura edigizbura turaegizyou all were in the middle of turning | alabura tura edilebura turaellethey were in the middle of turning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbura turmay edimbura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of turning | senbura turmay ediŋbura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of turning | olbura turmay edibura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of turning | bizbura turmay edikbura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of turning | sizbura turmay edigizbura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of turning | alabura turmay edilebura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of turning |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menburur edimburur emI would turn | senburur ediŋburur eŋyou would turn | olburur ediburur edhe would turn | bizburur edikburur ekwe would turn | sizburur edigizburur egizyou all would turn | alaburur edileburur ellethey would turn |
| Conditional result (would) | menburmaz edimburmaz emI wouldn't turn | senburmaz ediŋburmaz eŋyou wouldn't turn | olburmaz ediburmaz edhe wouldn't turn | bizburmaz edikburmaz ekwe wouldn't turn | sizburmaz edigizburmaz egizyou all wouldn't turn | alaburmaz edileburmaz ellethey wouldn't turn |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menburluq edim2burluq emburruq edimI would have turned | senburluq ediŋ2burluq eŋburruq ediŋyou would have turned | olburluq edi2burluq edburruq edihe would have turned | bizburluq edik2burluq ekburruq edikwe would have turned | sizburluq edigiz2burluq egizburruq edigizyou all would have turned | alaburluq edile2burluq elleburruq edilethey would have turned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menburluq tül edim2burluq tül emburruq tül edimI wouldn't have turned | senburluq tül ediŋ2burluq tül eŋburruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have turned | olburluq tül edi2burluq tül edburruq tül edihe wouldn't have turned | bizburluq tül edik2burluq tül ekburruq tül edikwe wouldn't have turned | sizburluq tül edigiz2burluq tül egizburruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have turned | alaburluq tül edile2burluq tül elleburruq tül edilethey wouldn't have turned |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so burruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbursamif I turn | senbursaŋif you turn | olbursaif he turns | bizbursaqif we turn | sizbursağızif you all turn | alabursalaif they turn |
| Conditional | menburmasamif I don't turn | senburmasaŋif you don't turn | olburmasaif he doesn't turn | bizburmasaqif we don't turn | sizburmasağızif you all don't turn | alaburmasalaif they don't turn |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbura esemif I am turning | senbura eseŋif you are turning | olbura eseif he is turning | bizbura esekif we are turning | sizbura esegizif you all are turning | alabura eseleif they are turning |
| Conditional, present real | menburmay esemif I am not turning | senburmay eseŋif you are not turning | olburmay eseif he is not turning | bizburmay esekif we are not turning | sizburmay esegizif you all are not turning | alaburmay eseleif they are not turning |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbursam edibursam edif only I turned | senbursaŋ edibursaŋ edif only you turned | olbursa edibursaedif only he turned | bizbursaq edibursaq edif only we turned | sizbursağız edibursağız edif only you all turned | alabursala edibursalaedif only they turned |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menburmasam ediburmasam edif only I didn't turn | senburmasaŋ ediburmasaŋ edif only you didn't turn | olburmasa ediburmasaedif only he didn't turn | bizburmasaq ediburmasaq edif only we didn't turn | sizburmasağız ediburmasağız edif only you all didn't turn | alaburmasala ediburmasalaedif only they didn't turn |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menburub tursamif I carry on turning | senburub tursaŋif you carry on turning | olburub tursaif he carries on turning | bizburub tursaqif we carry on turning | sizburub tursağızif you all carry on turning | alaburub tursalaif they carry on turning |
| Durative conditional | menburub turmasamif I don't carry on turning | senburub turmasaŋif you don't carry on turning | olburub turmasaif he doesn't carry on turning | bizburub turmasaqif we don't carry on turning | sizburub turmasağızif you all don't carry on turning | alaburub turmasalaif they don't carry on turning |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menburub tura esemif I have kept turning | senburub tura eseŋif you have kept turning | olburub tura eseif he has kept turning | bizburub tura esekif we have kept turning | sizburub tura esegizif you all have kept turning | alaburub tura eseleif they have kept turning |
| Durative conditional, present real | menburub turmay esemif I haven't kept turning | senburub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept turning | olburub turmay eseif he hasn't kept turning | bizburub turmay esekif we haven't kept turning | sizburub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept turning | alaburub turmay eseleif they haven't kept turning |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbura tursamif I keep turning | senbura tursaŋif you keep turning | olbura tursaif he keeps turning | bizbura tursaqif we keep turning | sizbura tursağızif you all keep turning | alabura tursalaif they keep turning |
| Progressive conditional | menburmay tursamif I keep on not turning | senburmay tursaŋif you keep on not turning | olburmay tursaif he keeps on not turning | bizburmay tursaqif we keep on not turning | sizburmay tursağızif you all keep on not turning | alaburmay tursalaif they keep on not turning |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbura tura esemif I am in the middle of turning | senbura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of turning | olbura tura eseif he is in the middle of turning | bizbura tura esekif we are in the middle of turning | sizbura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of turning | alabura tura eseleif they are in the middle of turning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menburmay tura esemif I keep on not turning | senburmay tura eseŋif you keep on not turning | olburmay tura eseif he keeps on not turning | bizburmay tura esekif we keep on not turning | sizburmay tura esegizif you all keep on not turning | alaburmay tura eseleif they keep on not turning |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menburdum esemif I turned | senburduŋ eseŋif you turned | olburdu eseif he turned | bizburduq esekif we turned | sizburduğuz esegizif you all turned | alaburdula eseleif they turned |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menburmadım esemif I didn't turn | senburmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't turn | olburmadı eseif he didn't turn | bizburmadıq esekif we didn't turn | sizburmadığız esegizif you all didn't turn | alaburmadıla eseleif they didn't turn |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menburğan esemif I did turn (indeed) | senburğan eseŋif you did turn (indeed) | olburğan eseif he did turn (indeed) | bizburğan esekif we did turn (indeed) | sizburğan esegizif you all did turn (indeed) | alaburğan eseleif they did turn (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menburmağan esemif I didn't turn (indeed) | senburmağan eseŋif you didn't turn (indeed) | olburmağan eseif he didn't turn (indeed) | bizburmağan esekif we didn't turn (indeed) | sizburmağan esegizif you all didn't turn (indeed) | alaburmağan eseleif they didn't turn (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menburğan bolsamif I had turned | senburğan bolsaŋif you had turned | olburğan bolsaif he had turned | bizburğan bolsaqif we had turned | sizburğan bolsağızif you all had turned | alaburğan bolsalaif they had turned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menburmağan bolsamif I hadn't turned | senburmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't turned | olburmağan bolsaif he hadn't turned | bizburmağan bolsaqif we hadn't turned | sizburmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't turned | alaburmağan bolsalaif they hadn't turned |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menburğan bolsam ediburğan bolsam edif only I had turned | senburğan bolsaŋ ediburğan bolsaŋ edif only you had turned | olburğan bolsa ediburğan bolsaedif only he had turned | bizburğan bolsaq ediburğan bolsaq edif only we had turned | sizburğan bolsağız ediburğan bolsağız edif only you all had turned | alaburğan bolsala ediburğan bolsalaedif only they had turned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menburmağan bolsam ediburmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't turned | senburmağan bolsaŋ ediburmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't turned | olburmağan bolsa ediburmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't turned | bizburmağan bolsaq ediburmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't turned | sizburmağan bolsağız ediburmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't turned | alaburmağan bolsala ediburmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't turned |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menburur esemif I will turn | senburur eseŋif you will turn | olburur eseif he will turn | bizburur esekif we will turn | sizburur esegizif you all will turn | alaburur eseleif they will turn |
| Conditional, aorist | menburmaz esemif I won't turn | senburmaz eseŋif you won't turn | olburmaz eseif he won't turn | bizburmaz esekif we won't turn | sizburmaz esegizif you all won't turn | alaburmaz eseleif they won't turn |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menburluq esem4burruq esemif I am going to turn | senburluq eseŋ4burruq eseŋif you are going to turn | olburluq ese4burruq eseif he is going to turn | bizburluq esek4burruq esekif we are going to turn | sizburluq esegiz4burruq esegizif you all are going to turn | alaburluq esele4burruq eseleif they are going to turn |
| Conditional, future | menburluq tül esem4burruq tül esemif I am not going to turn | senburluq tül eseŋ4burruq tül eseŋif you are not going to turn | olburluq tül ese4burruq tül eseif he is not going to turn | bizburluq tül esek4burruq tül esekif we are not going to turn | sizburluq tül esegiz4burruq tül esegizif you all are not going to turn | alaburluq tül esele4burruq tül eseleif they are not going to turn |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menburluq bolsam5burruq bolsamif I were going to turn | senburluq bolsaŋ5burruq bolsaŋif you were going to turn | olburluq bolsa5burruq bolsaif he were going to turn | bizburluq bolsaq5burruq bolsaqif we were going to turn | sizburluq bolsağız5burruq bolsağızif you all were going to turn | alaburluq bolsala5burruq bolsalaif they were going to turn |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menburmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to turn | senburmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to turn | olburmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to turn | bizburmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to turn | sizburmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to turn | alaburmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to turn |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso burduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so burruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so burruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbura bolurmaI must be turning | senbura bolursayou must be turning | olbura bolurhe must be turning | bizbura bolurbuzwe must be turning | sizbura bolursuzyou all must be turning | alabura bolurlathey must be turning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menburmay bolurmaI must not be turning | senburmay bolursayou must not be turning | olburmay bolurhe must not be turning | bizburmay bolurbuzwe must not be turning | sizburmay bolursuzyou all must not be turning | alaburmay bolurlathey must not be turning |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of turning | senbura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of turning | olbura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of turning | bizbura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of turning | sizbura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of turning | alabura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of turning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menburmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not turning | senburmay tura bolursayou must keep on not turning | olburmay tura bolurhe must keep on not turning | bizburmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not turning | sizburmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not turning | alaburmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not turning |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menburğan bolurmaI must have turned | senburğan bolursayou must have turned | olburğan bolurhe must have turned | bizburğan bolurbuzwe must have turned | sizburğan bolursuzyou all must have turned | alaburğan bolurlathey must have turned |
| Inference (must have) | menburmağan bolurmaI must not have turned | senburmağan bolursayou must not have turned | olburmağan bolurhe must not have turned | bizburmağan bolurbuzwe must not have turned | sizburmağan bolursuzyou all must not have turned | alaburmağan bolurlathey must not have turned |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menburluq bolurma6burruq bolurmaI must be going to turn | senburluq bolursa6burruq bolursayou must be going to turn | olburluq bolur6burruq bolurhe must be going to turn | bizburluq bolurbuz6burruq bolurbuzwe must be going to turn | sizburluq bolursuz6burruq bolursuzyou all must be going to turn | alaburluq bolurla6burruq bolurlathey must be going to turn |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menburmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to turn | senburmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to turn | olburmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to turn | bizburmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to turn | sizburmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to turn | alaburmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to turn |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so burruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menburayımlet me turn | senbur!turn! | olbursunlet him turn | bizburayıqlet's turn | sizburuğuz!turn, you all! | alabursunlalet them turn |
| Commands & suggestions | menburmayımlet me not turn | senburma!don't turn! | olburmasınlet him not turn | bizburmayıqlet's not turn | sizburmağız!don't turn, you all! | alaburmasınlalet them not turn |
| Commands & suggestions | menburayımmı?shall I turn? | olbursunmu?should he turn? | bizburayıqmı?shall we turn? | alabursunlamı?should they turn? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menburmayımmı?shall I not turn? | olburmasınmı?should he not turn? | bizburmayıqmı?shall we not turn? | alaburmasınlamı?should they not turn? | ||
| Requests | senburçu7burçunplease turn | olbursunçudo let him turn | sizburçuğuzplease turn (plural/polite) | alabursunlaçıdo let them turn | ||
| Requests | senburmaçı7burmaçınplease don't turn | olburmasınçıdo let him not turn | sizburmaçığızplease don't turn (plural/polite) | alaburmasınlaçıdo let them not turn | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senburğunburğumay you turn | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senburmağınburmağımay you not turn | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menburğay edim burğa edimwould that I turned | senburğay ediŋ burğa ediŋwould that you turned | olburğay edi burğa ediwould that he turned | bizburğay edik burğa edikwould that we turned | sizburğay edigiz burğa edigizwould that you all turned | alaburğay edile burğa edilewould that they turned |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menburmağay edim burmağa edimwould that I did not turn | senburmağay ediŋ burmağa ediŋwould that you did not turn | olburmağay edi burmağa ediwould that he did not turn | bizburmağay edik burmağa edikwould that we did not turn | sizburmağay edigiz burmağa edigizwould that you all did not turn | alaburmağay edile burmağa edilewould that they did not turn |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menburmağa qoyayımburma qoyayımlet me allow someone to turn | senburmağa qoy!burma qoy!let someone turn! | olburmağa qoysunburma qoysunlet him allow someone to turn | bizburmağa qoyayıqburma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to turn | sizburmağa qoyuğuz!burma qoyuğuz!let someone turn, you all! | alaburmağa qoysunlaburma qoysunlalet them allow someone to turn |
| Let someone… (commands) | menburmağa qoymayımburma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to turn | senburmağa qoyma!burma qoyma!don't let someone turn! | olburmağa qoymasınburma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to turn | bizburmağa qoymayıqburma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to turn | sizburmağa qoymağız!burma qoymağız!don't let someone turn, you all! | alaburmağa qoymasınlaburma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to turn |
| Let someone… (commands) | menburmağa qoyayımmı?burma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoysunmu?burma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoyayıqmı?burma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoysunlamı?burma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to turn? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menburmağa qoymayımmı?burma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoymasınmı?burma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoymayıqmı?burma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoymasınlamı?burma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to turn? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menburmağa qoyamaburma qoyamaI allow someone to turn | senburmağa qoyasaburma qoyasayou allow someone to turn | olburmağa qoyadıburma qoyadıhe allows someone to turn | bizburmağa qoyabızburma qoyabızwe allow someone to turn | sizburmağa qoyasızburma qoyasızyou all allow someone to turn | alaburmağa qoyadılaburma qoyadılathey allow someone to turn |
| Let someone… (present) | menburmağa qoymaymaburma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to turn | senburmağa qoymaysaburma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to turn | olburmağa qoymaydıburma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to turn | bizburmağa qoymaybızburma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to turn | sizburmağa qoymaysızburma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to turn | alaburmağa qoymaydılaburma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to turn |
| Let someone… (present) | menburmağa qoyamamı?burma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to turn? | senburmağa qoyamısa?burma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoyamıdı?burma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoyabızmı?burma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to turn? | sizburmağa qoyamısız?burma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoyamıdıla?burma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to turn? |
| Let someone… (present) | menburmağa qoymaymamı?burma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to turn? | senburmağa qoymaymısa?burma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoymaymıdı?burma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoymaybızmı?burma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to turn? | sizburmağa qoymaymısız?burma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoymaymıdıla?burma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to turn? |
| Let someone… (past) | menburmağa qoydumburma qoydumI allowed someone to turn | senburmağa qoyduŋburma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to turn | olburmağa qoyduburma qoyduhe allowed someone to turn | bizburmağa qoyduqburma qoyduqwe allowed someone to turn | sizburmağa qoyduğuzburma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to turn | alaburmağa qoydulaburma qoydulathey allowed someone to turn |
| Let someone… (past) | menburmağa qoymadımburma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to turn | senburmağa qoymadıŋburma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to turn | olburmağa qoymadıburma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to turn | bizburmağa qoymadıqburma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to turn | sizburmağa qoymadığızburma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to turn | alaburmağa qoymadılaburma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to turn |
| Let someone… (past) | menburmağa qoydummu?burma qoydummu?did I allow someone to turn? | senburmağa qoyduŋmu?burma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoydumu?burma qoydumu?did he allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoyduqmu?burma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to turn? | sizburmağa qoyduğuzmu?burma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoydulamı?burma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to turn? |
| Let someone… (past) | menburmağa qoymadımmı?burma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to turn? | senburmağa qoymadıŋmı?burma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to turn? | olburmağa qoymadımı?burma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to turn? | bizburmağa qoymadıqmı?burma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to turn? | sizburmağa qoymadığızmı?burma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to turn? | alaburmağa qoymadılamı?burma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to turn? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
buralırğa be able to turn · buralmazğa be unable to turn
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menburalamaI can turn | senburalasayou can turn | olburaladıhe can turn | bizburalabızwe can turn | sizburalasızyou all can turn | alaburaladılathey can turn |
| Ability — present | menburalmaymaI can't turn | senburalmaysayou can't turn | olburalmaydıhe can't turn | bizburalmaybızwe can't turn | sizburalmaysızyou all can't turn | alaburalmaydılathey can't turn |
| Ability — present | menburalamamı? buralamıma?can I turn? | senburalamısa?can you turn? | olburalamıdı?can he turn? | bizburalabızmı? buralamıbız?can we turn? | sizburalamısız?can you all turn? | alaburalamıdıla?can they turn? |
| Ability — present | menburalmaymamı? buralmaymıma?can't I turn? | senburalmaymısa?can't you turn? | olburalmaymıdı?can't he turn? | bizburalmaybızmı? buralmaymıbız?can't we turn? | sizburalmaymısız?can't you all turn? | alaburalmaymıdıla?can't they turn? |
| Ability — if I can… | menburalsamif I can turn | senburalsaŋif you can turn | olburalsaif he can turn | bizburalsaqif we can turn | sizburalsağızif you all can turn | alaburalsalaif they can turn |
| Ability — if I can… | menburalmasamif I can't turn | senburalmasaŋif you can't turn | olburalmasaif he can't turn | bizburalmasaqif we can't turn | sizburalmasağızif you all can't turn | alaburalmasalaif they can't turn |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menburaldımI was able to turn | senburaldıŋyou were able to turn | olburaldıhe was able to turn | bizburaldıqwe were able to turn | sizburaldığızyou all were able to turn | alaburaldılathey were able to turn |
| Ability — simple past | menburalmadımI could not turn | senburalmadıŋyou could not turn | olburalmadıhe could not turn | bizburalmadıqwe could not turn | sizburalmadığızyou all could not turn | alaburalmadılathey could not turn |
| Ability — simple past | menburaldımmı?was I able to turn? | senburaldıŋmı?were you able to turn? | olburaldımı?was he able to turn? | bizburaldıqmı?were we able to turn? | sizburaldığızmı?were you all able to turn? | alaburaldılamı?were they able to turn? |
| Ability — simple past | menburalmadımmı?couldn't I turn? | senburalmadıŋmı?couldn't you turn? | olburalmadımı?couldn't he turn? | bizburalmadıqmı?couldn't we turn? | sizburalmadığızmı?couldn't you all turn? | alaburalmadılamı?couldn't they turn? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menburalğanmaI have been able to turn | senburalğansayou have been able to turn | olburalğandıhe has been able to turn | bizburalğanbızwe have been able to turn | sizburalğansızyou all have been able to turn | alaburalğandılathey have been able to turn |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menburalmağanmaI haven't been able to turn | senburalmağansayou haven't been able to turn | olburalmağandıhe hasn't been able to turn | bizburalmağanbızwe haven't been able to turn | sizburalmağansızyou all haven't been able to turn | alaburalmağandılathey haven't been able to turn |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menburalğanmamı? buralğanmıma?have I been able to turn? | senburalğanmısa?have you been able to turn? | olburalğanmıdı?has he been able to turn? | bizburalğanbızmı? buralğanmıbız?have we been able to turn? | sizburalğanmısız?have you all been able to turn? | alaburalğanmıdıla?have they been able to turn? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menburalmağanmamı? buralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to turn? | senburalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to turn? | olburalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to turn? | bizburalmağanbızmı? buralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to turn? | sizburalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to turn? | alaburalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to turn? |
| Ability — past perfect | menburalğan edimburalğanemI had been able to turn | senburalğan ediŋburalğaneŋyou had been able to turn | olburalğan ediburalğanedhe had been able to turn | bizburalğan edikburalğanekwe had been able to turn | sizburalğan edigizburalğanegizyou all had been able to turn | alaburalğan edileburalğanellethey had been able to turn |
| Ability — past perfect | menburalmağan edimburalmağanemI hadn't been able to turn | senburalmağan ediŋburalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to turn | olburalmağan ediburalmağanedhe hadn't been able to turn | bizburalmağan edikburalmağanekwe hadn't been able to turn | sizburalmağan edigizburalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to turn | alaburalmağan edileburalmağanellethey hadn't been able to turn |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menburala edimburalaemI could turn | senburala ediŋburalaeŋyou could turn | olburala ediburalaedhe could turn | bizburala edikburalaekwe could turn | sizburala edigizburalaegizyou all could turn | alaburala edileburalaellethey could turn |
| Ability — past background | menburalmay edimburalmayemI could not turn | senburalmay ediŋburalmayeŋyou could not turn | olburalmay ediburalmayedhe could not turn | bizburalmay edikburalmayekwe could not turn | sizburalmay edigizburalmayegizyou all could not turn | alaburalmay edileburalmayellethey could not turn |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menburalırmaI will be able to turn | senburalırsayou will be able to turn | olburalırhe will be able to turn | bizburalırbızwe will be able to turn | sizburalırsızyou all will be able to turn | alaburalırlathey will be able to turn |
| Ability — future I | menburalmazmaI won't be able to turn | senburalmazsayou won't be able to turn | olburalmazhe won't be able to turn | bizburalmazbızwe won't be able to turn | sizburalmazsızyou all won't be able to turn | alaburalmazlathey won't be able to turn |
| Ability — future I | menburalırmamı? buralırmıma?will I be able to turn? | senburalırmısa?will you be able to turn? | olburalırmı?will he be able to turn? | bizburalırbızmı? buralırmıbız?will we be able to turn? | sizburalırmısız?will you all be able to turn? | alaburalırlamı? buralırmıla?will they be able to turn? |
| Ability — future I | menburalmazmamı? buralmazmıma?won't I be able to turn? | senburalmazmısa?won't you be able to turn? | olburalmazmı?won't he be able to turn? | bizburalmazbızmı? buralmazmıbız?won't we be able to turn? | sizburalmazmısız?won't you all be able to turn? | alaburalmazlamı? buralmazmıla?won't they be able to turn? |
| Ability — future II | menburallıqmaI am going to be able to turn | senburallıqsayou are going to be able to turn | olburallıqdıhe is going to be able to turn | bizburallıqbızwe are going to be able to turn | sizburallıqsızyou all are going to be able to turn | alaburallıqdılathey are going to be able to turn |
| Ability — future II | menburallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to turn | senburallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to turn | olburallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to turn | bizburallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to turn | sizburallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to turn | alaburallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to turn |
| Ability — future II | menburallıqmamı? burallıqmıma?am I going to be able to turn? | senburallıqmısa?are you going to be able to turn? | olburallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to turn? | bizburallıqbızmı? burallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to turn? | sizburallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to turn? | alaburallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to turn? |
| Ability — future II | menburallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to turn? | senburallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to turn? | olburallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to turn? | bizburallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to turn? | sizburallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to turn? | alaburallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to turn? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menburalır edimburalır emI would be able to turn | senburalır ediŋburalır eŋyou would be able to turn | olburalır ediburalır edhe would be able to turn | bizburalır edikburalır ekwe would be able to turn | sizburalır edigizburalır egizyou all would be able to turn | alaburalır edileburalır ellethey would be able to turn |
| Ability — would be able to… | menburalmaz edimburalmaz emI wouldn't be able to turn | senburalmaz ediŋburalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to turn | olburalmaz ediburalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to turn | bizburalmaz edikburalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to turn | sizburalmaz edigizburalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to turn | alaburalmaz edileburalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to turn |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senburalğınburalğımay you be able to turn | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senburalmağınburalmağımay you not be able to turn | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbururğa izleymeI want to turn | senbururğa izleyseyou want to turn | olbururğa izleydihe wants to turn | bizbururğa izleybizwe want to turn | sizbururğa izleysizyou all want to turn | alabururğa izleydilethey want to turn |
| want to | menbururğa izlemeymeI do not want to turn | senbururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to turn | olbururğa izlemeydihe does not want to turn | bizbururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to turn | sizbururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to turn | alabururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to turn |
| would like to | menbururğa süemeI would like to turn | senbururğa süeseyou would like to turn | olbururğa süedihe would like to turn | bizbururğa süebizwe would like to turn | sizbururğa süesizyou all would like to turn | alabururğa süedilethey would like to turn |
| would like to | menbururğa süymeymeI would not like to turn | senbururğa süymeyseyou would not like to turn | olbururğa süymeydihe would not like to turn | bizbururğa süymeybizwe would not like to turn | sizbururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to turn | alabururğa süymeydilethey would not like to turn |
| hope to | menbururğa umutlanamaI hope to turn | senbururğa umutlanasayou hope to turn | olbururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to turn | bizbururğa umutlanabızwe hope to turn | sizbururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to turn | alabururğa umutlanadılathey hope to turn |
| hope to | menbururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to turn | senbururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to turn | olbururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to turn | bizbururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to turn | sizbururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to turn | alabururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to turn |
| be about to | menbururğa deb turamaI am about to turn | senbururğa deb turasayou are about to turn | olbururğa deb turadıhe is about to turn | bizbururğa deb turabızwe are about to turn | sizbururğa deb turasızyou all are about to turn | alabururğa deb turadılathey are about to turn |
| be about to | menbururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to turn | senbururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to turn | olbururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to turn | bizbururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to turn | sizbururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to turn | alabururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to turn |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbururğa kerekmeI need to turn | senbururğa kerekseyou need to turn | olbururğa kerekdihe needs to turn | bizbururğa kerekbizwe need to turn | sizbururğa kereksizyou all need to turn | alabururğa kerekdilethey need to turn |
| need to | menbururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to turn | senbururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to turn | olbururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to turn | bizbururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to turn | sizbururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to turn | alabururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to turn |
| have to | menmenŋe bururğa tüşediI have to turn | sensenŋe bururğa tüşediyou have to turn | olaŋa bururğa tüşedihe has to turn | bizbizge bururğa tüşediwe have to turn | sizsizge bururğa tüşediyou all have to turn | alaalağa bururğa tüşedithey have to turn |
| have to | menmenŋe bururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to turn | sensenŋe bururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to turn | olaŋa bururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to turn | bizbizge bururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to turn | sizsizge bururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to turn | alaalağa bururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to turn |
| be obliged to | menbururğa borçlumaI am obliged to turn | senbururğa borçlusayou are obliged to turn | olbururğa borçluduhe is obliged to turn | bizbururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to turn | sizbururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to turn | alabururğa borçludulathey are obliged to turn |
| be obliged to | menbururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to turn | senbururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to turn | olbururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to turn | bizbururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to turn | sizbururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to turn | alabururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to turn |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbururğa madarım bardıI have a way to turn | senbururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to turn | olbururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to turn | bizbururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to turn | sizbururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to turn | alabururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to turn |
| have a way to | menbururğa madarım joqduI have no way to turn | senbururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to turn | olbururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to turn | bizbururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to turn | sizbururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to turn | alabururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to turn |
| be free to | menbururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to turn | senbururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to turn | olbururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to turn | bizbururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to turn | sizbururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to turn | alabururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to turn |
| be free to | menbururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to turn | senbururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to turn | olbururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to turn | bizbururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to turn | sizbururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to turn | alabururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to turn |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to turn | sensenŋe bururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to turn | olaŋa bururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to turn | bizbizge bururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to turn | sizsizge bururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to turn | alaalağa bururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to turn |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to turn | sensenŋe bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to turn | olaŋa bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to turn | bizbizge bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to turn | sizsizge bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to turn | alaalağa bururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to turn |
| be ready to | menbururğa hazırmaI am ready to turn | senbururğa hazırsayou are ready to turn | olbururğa hazırdıhe is ready to turn | bizbururğa hazırbızwe are ready to turn | sizbururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to turn | alabururğa hazırdılathey are ready to turn |
| be ready to | menbururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to turn | senbururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to turn | olbururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to turn | bizbururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to turn | sizbururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to turn | alabururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to turn |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbururğa küreşemeI am trying to turn | senbururğa küreşeseyou are trying to turn | olbururğa küreşedihe is trying to turn | bizbururğa küreşebizwe are trying to turn | sizbururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to turn | alabururğa küreşedilethey are trying to turn |
| try to | menbururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to turn | senbururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to turn | olbururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to turn | bizbururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to turn | sizbururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to turn | alabururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to turn |
| agree to | menbururğa unaymaI agree to turn | senbururğa unaysayou agree to turn | olbururğa unaydıhe agrees to turn | bizbururğa unaybızwe agree to turn | sizbururğa unaysızyou all agree to turn | alabururğa unaydılathey agree to turn |
| agree to | menbururğa unamaymaI refuse to turn | senbururğa unamaysayou refuse to turn | olbururğa unamaydıhe refuses to turn | bizbururğa unamaybızwe refuse to turn | sizbururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to turn | alabururğa unamaydılathey refuse to turn |
| hurry to | menbururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to turn | senbururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to turn | olbururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to turn | bizbururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to turn | sizbururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to turn | alabururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to turn |
| hurry to | menbururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to turn | senbururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to turn | olbururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to turn | bizbururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to turn | sizbururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to turn | alabururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to turn |
| be afraid to | menbururğa qorqamaI am afraid to turn | senbururğa qorqasayou are afraid to turn | olbururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to turn | bizbururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to turn | sizbururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to turn | alabururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to turn |
| be afraid to | menbururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to turn | senbururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to turn | olbururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to turn | bizbururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to turn | sizbururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to turn | alabururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to turn |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbura bolmazmaI can't be turning | senbura bolmazsayou can't be turning | olbura bolmazhe can't be turning | bizbura bolmazbızwe can't be turning | sizbura bolmazsızyou all can't be turning | alabura bolmazlathey can't be turning |
| Inference, present — double negation | menburmay bolmazmaI must be turning (emphatic) | senburmay bolmazsayou must be turning (emphatic) | olburmay bolmazhe must be turning (emphatic) | bizburmay bolmazbızwe must be turning (emphatic) | sizburmay bolmazsızyou all must be turning (emphatic) | alaburmay bolmazlathey must be turning (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbura turmasamif I don't keep turning | senbura turmasaŋif you don't keep turning | olbura turmasaif he doesn't keep turning | bizbura turmasaqif we don't keep turning | sizbura turmasağızif you all don't keep turning | alabura turmasalaif they don't keep turning |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of turning | senbura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of turning | olbura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of turning | bizbura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of turning | sizbura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of turning | alabura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of turning |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menburmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not turning (emphatic) | senburmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not turning (emphatic) | olburmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not turning (emphatic) | bizburmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not turning (emphatic) | sizburmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not turning (emphatic) | alaburmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not turning (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menburmay turamaI keep on not turning | senburmay turasayou keep on not turning | olburmay turadıhe keeps on not turning | bizburmay turabızwe keep on not turning | sizburmay turasızyou all keep on not turning | alaburmay turadılathey keep on not turning |
| Progressive — double negation | menburmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not turning | senburmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not turning | olburmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not turning | bizburmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not turning | sizburmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not turning | alaburmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not turning |
| Progressive — double negation | menburmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not turning? | senburmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not turning? | olburmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not turning? | bizburmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not turning? | sizburmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not turning? | alaburmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not turning? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menburğan bolmazmaI can't have turned | senburğan bolmazsayou can't have turned | olburğan bolmazhe can't have turned | bizburğan bolmazbızwe can't have turned | sizburğan bolmazsızyou all can't have turned | alaburğan bolmazlathey can't have turned |
| Inference — double negation | menburmağan bolmazmaI must have turned (emphatic) | senburmağan bolmazsayou must have turned (emphatic) | olburmağan bolmazhe must have turned (emphatic) | bizburmağan bolmazbızwe must have turned (emphatic) | sizburmağan bolmazsızyou all must have turned (emphatic) | alaburmağan bolmazlathey must have turned (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menburğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had turned | senburğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had turned | olburğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had turned | bizburğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had turned | sizburğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had turned | alaburğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had turned |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menburmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't turned | senburmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't turned | olburmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't turned | bizburmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't turned | sizburmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't turned | alaburmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't turned |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menburluq bolmazmaI can't be going to turn | senburluq bolmazsayou can't be going to turn | olburluq bolmazhe can't be going to turn | bizburluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to turn | sizburluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to turn | alaburluq bolmazlathey can't be going to turn |
| Inference, future — double negation | menburmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to turn (emphatic) | senburmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to turn (emphatic) | olburmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to turn (emphatic) | bizburmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to turn (emphatic) | sizburmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to turn (emphatic) | alaburmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to turn (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menburluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to turn | senburluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to turn | olburluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to turn | bizburluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to turn | sizburluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to turn | alaburluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to turn |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menburmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to turn | senburmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to turn | olburmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to turn | bizburmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to turn | sizburmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to turn | alaburmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to turn |