burunŋula
/burunŋula/
the ancients, forebears, ancestors, the generations that lived before
- burunŋula aythanlay — as the ancients used to say
- burunŋulanı sözü — a saying of the forebears
- burunŋula sınamay aytmağandıla — the forebears did not say it without testing it
- burunŋuladan qalğan hapar — a story left by the ancients
- burunŋula bilmeymi aythandıla — did the ancestors say it without knowing
Cases and owners
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | burunŋulathe ancients | burunŋulammy ancients | burunŋulaŋyour ancients | burunŋulasıhis ancients | burunŋulabızour ancients | burunŋulağızyou all's ancients | burunŋulalarıtheir ancients |
| Genitive | burunŋulanıthe ancients' | burunŋulamımy ancients' | burunŋulaŋıyour ancients' | burunŋulasınıhis ancients' | burunŋulabıznıour ancients' | burunŋulağıznıyou all's ancients' | burunŋulalarınıtheir ancients' |
| Accusative | burunŋulanıthe ancients (as the object) | burunŋulamımy ancients (as the object) | burunŋulaŋıyour ancients (as the object) | burunŋulasınhis ancients (as the object) | burunŋulabıznıour ancients (as the object) | burunŋulağıznıyou all's ancients (as the object) | burunŋulalarıntheir ancients (as the object) |
| Dative | burunŋulağato the ancients | burunŋulamato my ancients | burunŋulaŋato your ancients | burunŋulasınato his ancients | burunŋulabızğato our ancients | burunŋulağızğato you all's ancients | burunŋulalarınato their ancients |
| Locative | burunŋuladain / at the ancients | burunŋulamdain / at my ancients | burunŋulaŋdain / at your ancients | burunŋulasındain / at his ancients | burunŋulabızdain / at our ancients | burunŋulağızdain / at you all's ancients | burunŋulalarındain / at their ancients |
| Ablative | burunŋuladanfrom the ancients | burunŋulamdanfrom my ancients | burunŋulaŋdanfrom your ancients | burunŋulasındanfrom his ancients | burunŋulabızdanfrom our ancients | burunŋulağızdanfrom you all's ancients | burunŋulalarındanfrom their ancients |
There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | burunŋulanıqıthe ancients' one | burunŋulanıqılathe ancients' ones |
| Genitive | burunŋulanıqınıof the ancients' one | burunŋulanıqılanıof the ancients' ones |
| Accusative | burunŋulanıqınthe ancients' one (as the object) | burunŋulanıqılanıthe ancients' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | burunŋulanıqınato the ancients' one | burunŋulanıqılağato the ancients' ones |
| Locative | burunŋulanıqındain / at the ancients' one | burunŋulanıqıladain / at the ancients' ones |
| Ablative | burunŋulanıqındanfrom the ancients' one | burunŋulanıqıladanfrom the ancients' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.