bişirirge
/biʃirirɡe/
1. cook, boil, bake, roast
- aşarıq bişirirge — to cook a meal
- gardoş bişirirge — to boil potatoes
- et bişir — cook the meat
- anam ötmek bişirdi — my mother baked bread
- qozu et bişirdile — they cooked lamb meat
- hıçınlanı qızartıb bişirirge — to bake the pies until browned
- ötmek bişirib alırğa — to bake bread
2. scald, burn; fire (bricks, tiles)
- qoluŋu bişirese, saq bol! — careful, you will burn your hand!
- issi suw bla bişirirge — to scald with hot water
- kirpiçni bişirirge — to fire the bricks
- issi bişirib qoyadı — the heat scorches
3. burn, sting (of wind, sun, or cold)
- kün bişirib qoyadı — the sun scorches
- kün betni bişiredi — the sun burns the face
- suwuq qulaqnı bişiredi — the cold stings the ear
4. burn, torment (of a feeling) one source
- jüregimi bişiredi — it burns my heart
- jüregin küydüredi, bişiredi — it scorches and burns her heart
- sağış içimi bişiredi — worry burns me inside
5. bring to completion, carry through, finish off
- tuthan işiŋi bişirirge — to see through the work you have taken on
- işni bişirdik — we finished the job
- başlağan işin bişirdi — he finished the work he had started
- iş bişirgen adam — a person who sees a job through
6. weld
- temirni bişirirge — to weld the iron
- eki temirni bişirirge — to weld two pieces of iron
- usta temirni bişirdi — the craftsman welded the iron
- ustala temirni bişiredile — the craftsmen weld the iron
Conjugation
Common forms
- bişiredihe is cooking
- bişirdihe cooked
- bişirgendihe has cooked
- bişirirhe will cook
- bişirlikdihe is going to cook
- bişire edihe was cooking
- bişirseif he cooks
- bişir!cook!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbişiremeI am cooking | senbişireseyou are cooking | olbişiredihe is cooking | bizbişirebizwe are cooking | sizbişiresizyou all are cooking | alabişiredilethey are cooking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbişirmeymeI am not cooking | senbişirmeyseyou are not cooking | olbişirmeydihe is not cooking | bizbişirmeybizwe are not cooking | sizbişirmeysizyou all are not cooking | alabişirmeydilethey are not cooking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbişirememi? bişiremime?am I cooking? | senbişiremise?are you cooking? | olbişiremidi?is he cooking? | bizbişirebizmi? bişiremibiz?are we cooking? | sizbişiremisiz?are you all cooking? | alabişiremidile?are they cooking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbişirmeymemi? bişirmeymime?aren't I cooking? | senbişirmeymise?aren't you cooking? | olbişirmeymidi?isn't he cooking? | bizbişirmeybizmi? bişirmeymibiz?aren't we cooking? | sizbişirmeymisiz?aren't you all cooking? | alabişirmeymidile?aren't they cooking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbişiriwçenmeI usually cook | senbişiriwçenseyou usually cook | olbişiriwçendihe usually cooks | bizbişiriwçenbizwe usually cook | sizbişiriwçensizyou all usually cook | alabişiriwçendilethey usually cook |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbişirmewçenmeI usually don't cook | senbişirmewçenseyou usually don't cook | olbişirmewçendihe usually doesn't cook | bizbişirmewçenbizwe usually don't cook | sizbişirmewçensizyou all usually don't cook | alabişirmewçendilethey usually don't cook |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbişiriwçenmemi? bişiriwçenmime?do I usually cook? | senbişiriwçenmise?do you usually cook? | olbişiriwçenmidi?does he usually cook? | bizbişiriwçenbizmi? bişiriwçenmibiz?do we usually cook? | sizbişiriwçenmisiz?do you all usually cook? | alabişiriwçenmidile?do they usually cook? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbişirmewçenmemi? bişirmewçenmime?do I usually not cook? | senbişirmewçenmise?do you usually not cook? | olbişirmewçenmidi?does he usually not cook? | bizbişirmewçenbizmi? bişirmewçenmibiz?do we usually not cook? | sizbişirmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not cook? | alabişirmewçenmidile?do they usually not cook? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbişiribdihe has cooked and remains so | alabişiribdilethey have cooked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbişiribmidi?has he cooked? | alabişiribmidile?have they cooked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbişirib turamaI keep cooking | senbişirib turasayou keep cooking | olbişirib turadıhe keeps cooking | bizbişirib turabızwe keep cooking | sizbişirib turasızyou all keep cooking | alabişirib turadılathey keep cooking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbişirib turmaymaI don't keep cooking | senbişirib turmaysayou don't keep cooking | olbişirib turmaydıhe doesn't keep cooking | bizbişirib turmaybızwe don't keep cooking | sizbişirib turmaysızyou all don't keep cooking | alabişirib turmaydılathey don't keep cooking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbişirib turamamı? bişirib turamıma?do I keep cooking? | senbişirib turamısa?do you keep cooking? | olbişirib turamıdı?does he keep cooking? | bizbişirib turabızmı? bişirib turamıbız?do we keep cooking? | sizbişirib turamısız?do you all keep cooking? | alabişirib turamıdıla?do they keep cooking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbişirib turmaymamı? bişirib turmaymıma?don't I keep cooking? | senbişirib turmaymısa?don't you keep cooking? | olbişirib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep cooking? | bizbişirib turmaybızmı? bişirib turmaymıbız?don't we keep cooking? | sizbişirib turmaymısız?don't you all keep cooking? | alabişirib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep cooking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbişire turamaI am in the middle of cooking | senbişire turasayou are in the middle of cooking | olbişire turadıhe is in the middle of cooking | bizbişire turabızwe are in the middle of cooking | sizbişire turasızyou all are in the middle of cooking | alabişire turadılathey are in the middle of cooking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbişire turmaymaI am not in the middle of cooking | senbişire turmaysayou are not in the middle of cooking | olbişire turmaydıhe is not in the middle of cooking | bizbişire turmaybızwe are not in the middle of cooking | sizbişire turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of cooking | alabişire turmaydılathey are not in the middle of cooking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbişire turamamı? bişire turamıma?am I in the middle of cooking? | senbişire turamısa?are you in the middle of cooking? | olbişire turamıdı?is he in the middle of cooking? | bizbişire turabızmı? bişire turamıbız?are we in the middle of cooking? | sizbişire turamısız?are you all in the middle of cooking? | alabişire turamıdıla?are they in the middle of cooking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbişire turmaymamı? bişire turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of cooking? | senbişire turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of cooking? | olbişire turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of cooking? | bizbişire turmaybızmı? bişire turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of cooking? | sizbişire turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of cooking? | alabişire turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of cooking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbişirdimI cooked | senbişirdiŋyou cooked | olbişirdihe cooked | bizbişirdikwe cooked | sizbişirdigizyou all cooked | alabişirdilethey cooked |
| Simple past (definite) | menbişirmedimI didn't cook | senbişirmediŋyou didn't cook | olbişirmedihe didn't cook | bizbişirmedikwe didn't cook | sizbişirmedigizyou all didn't cook | alabişirmedilethey didn't cook |
| Simple past (definite) | menbişirdimmi?did I cook? | senbişirdiŋmi?did you cook? | olbişirdimi?did he cook? | bizbişirdikmi?did we cook? | sizbişirdigizmi?did you all cook? | alabişirdilemi?did they cook? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbişirmedimmi?didn't I cook? | senbişirmediŋmi?didn't you cook? | olbişirmedimi?didn't he cook? | bizbişirmedikmi?didn't we cook? | sizbişirmedigizmi?didn't you all cook? | alabişirmedilemi?didn't they cook? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbişirgenmeI have cooked | senbişirgenseyou have cooked | olbişirgendihe has cooked | bizbişirgenbizwe have cooked | sizbişirgensizyou all have cooked | alabişirgendilethey have cooked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbişirmegenmeI haven't cooked | senbişirmegenseyou haven't cooked | olbişirmegendihe hasn't cooked | bizbişirmegenbizwe haven't cooked | sizbişirmegensizyou all haven't cooked | alabişirmegendilethey haven't cooked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbişirgenmemi? bişirgenmime?have I cooked? | senbişirgenmise?have you cooked? | olbişirgenmidi?has he cooked? | bizbişirgenbizmi? bişirgenmibiz?have we cooked? | sizbişirgenmisiz?have you all cooked? | alabişirgenmidile?have they cooked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbişirmegenmemi? bişirmegenmime?haven't I cooked? | senbişirmegenmise?haven't you cooked? | olbişirmegenmidi?hasn't he cooked? | bizbişirmegenbizmi? bişirmegenmibiz?haven't we cooked? | sizbişirmegenmisiz?haven't you all cooked? | alabişirmegenmidile?haven't they cooked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbişirib turdumI kept cooking | senbişirib turduŋyou kept cooking | olbişirib turduhe kept cooking | bizbişirib turduqwe kept cooking | sizbişirib turduğuzyou all kept cooking | alabişirib turdulathey kept cooking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbişirib turmadımI didn't keep cooking | senbişirib turmadıŋyou didn't keep cooking | olbişirib turmadıhe didn't keep cooking | bizbişirib turmadıqwe didn't keep cooking | sizbişirib turmadığızyou all didn't keep cooking | alabişirib turmadılathey didn't keep cooking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbişirirmeI will cook | senbişirirseyou will cook | olbişirirhe will cook | bizbişirirbizwe will cook | sizbişirirsizyou all will cook | alabişirirlethey will cook |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbişirmezmeI won't cook | senbişirmezseyou won't cook | olbişirmezhe won't cook | bizbişirmezbizwe won't cook | sizbişirmezsizyou all won't cook | alabişirmezlethey won't cook |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbişirirmemi? bişirirmime?will I cook? | senbişirirmise?will you cook? | olbişirirmi?will he cook? | bizbişirirbizmi? bişirirmibiz?will we cook? | sizbişirirmisiz?will you all cook? | alabişirirlemi? bişirirmile?will they cook? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbişirmezmemi? bişirmezmime?won't I cook? | senbişirmezmise?won't you cook? | olbişirmezmi?won't he cook? | bizbişirmezbizmi? bişirmezmibiz?won't we cook? | sizbişirmezmisiz?won't you all cook? | alabişirmezlemi? bişirmezmile?won't they cook? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbişirlikme1bişirrikmeI am going to cook | senbişirlikse1bişirrikseyou are going to cook | olbişirlikdi1bişirrikdihe is going to cook | bizbişirlikbiz1bişirrikbizwe are going to cook | sizbişirliksiz1bişirriksizyou all are going to cook | alabişirlikdile1bişirrikdilethey are going to cook |
| Definite future (future II) | menbişirlik tülme1bişirrik tülmeI am not going to cook | senbişirlik tülse1bişirrik tülseyou are not going to cook | olbişirlik tüldü1bişirrik tüldühe is not going to cook | bizbişirlik tülbüz1bişirrik tülbüzwe are not going to cook | sizbişirlik tülsüz1bişirrik tülsüzyou all are not going to cook | alabişirlik tüldüle1bişirrik tüldülethey are not going to cook |
| Definite future (future II) | menbişirlikmemi?1 bişirlikmime?bişirrikmemi?am I going to cook? | senbişirlikmise?1bişirrikmise?are you going to cook? | olbişirlikmidi?1bişirrikmidi?is he going to cook? | bizbişirlikbizmi?1 bişirlikmibiz?bişirrikbizmi?are we going to cook? | sizbişirlikmisiz?1bişirrikmisiz?are you all going to cook? | alabişirlikmidile?1bişirrikmidile?are they going to cook? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbişirlik tülmüme?1bişirrik tülmüme?aren't I going to cook? | senbişirlik tülmüse?1bişirrik tülmüse?aren't you going to cook? | olbişirlik tülmüdü?1bişirrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to cook? | bizbişirlik tülmübüz?1bişirrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to cook? | sizbişirlik tülmüsüz?1bişirrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cook? | alabişirlik tülmüdüle?1bişirrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cook? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bişirrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbişirgen edimbişirgenemI had cooked | senbişirgen ediŋbişirgeneŋyou had cooked | olbişirgen edibişirgenedhe had cooked | bizbişirgen edikbişirgenekwe had cooked | sizbişirgen edigizbişirgenegizyou all had cooked | alabişirgen edilebişirgenellethey had cooked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbişirmegen edimbişirmegenemI hadn't cooked | senbişirmegen ediŋbişirmegeneŋyou hadn't cooked | olbişirmegen edibişirmegenedhe hadn't cooked | bizbişirmegen edikbişirmegenekwe hadn't cooked | sizbişirmegen edigizbişirmegenegizyou all hadn't cooked | alabişirmegen edilebişirmegenellethey hadn't cooked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbişire edimbişiremI was cooking | senbişire ediŋbişireŋyou were cooking | olbişire edibişiredhe was cooking | bizbişire edikbişirekwe were cooking | sizbişire edigizbişiregizyou all were cooking | alabişire edilebişirellethey were cooking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbişirmey edimbişirmeyemI wasn't cooking | senbişirmey ediŋbişirmeyeŋyou weren't cooking | olbişirmey edibişirmeyedhe wasn't cooking | bizbişirmey edikbişirmeyekwe weren't cooking | sizbişirmey edigizbişirmeyegizyou all weren't cooking | alabişirmey edilebişirmeyellethey weren't cooking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbişiriwçen edimbişiriwçenemI used to cook | senbişiriwçen ediŋbişiriwçeneŋyou used to cook | olbişiriwçen edibişiriwçenedhe used to cook | bizbişiriwçen edikbişiriwçenekwe used to cook | sizbişiriwçen edigizbişiriwçenegizyou all used to cook | alabişiriwçen edilebişiriwçenellethey used to cook |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbişirmewçen edimbişirmewçenemI didn't use to cook | senbişirmewçen ediŋbişirmewçeneŋyou didn't use to cook | olbişirmewçen edibişirmewçenedhe didn't use to cook | bizbişirmewçen edikbişirmewçenekwe didn't use to cook | sizbişirmewçen edigizbişirmewçenegizyou all didn't use to cook | alabişirmewçen edilebişirmewçenellethey didn't use to cook |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbişirib edihe had cooked and remained so | alabişirib edilethey had cooked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbişirib tül edihe hadn't cooked | alabişirib tül edilethey hadn't cooked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbişirib tura edimbişirib turaemI had kept cooking | senbişirib tura ediŋbişirib turaeŋyou had kept cooking | olbişirib tura edibişirib turaedhe had kept cooking | bizbişirib tura edikbişirib turaekwe had kept cooking | sizbişirib tura edigizbişirib turaegizyou all had kept cooking | alabişirib tura edilebişirib turaellethey had kept cooking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbişirib turmay edimbişirib turmayemI hadn't kept cooking | senbişirib turmay ediŋbişirib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept cooking | olbişirib turmay edibişirib turmayedhe hadn't kept cooking | bizbişirib turmay edikbişirib turmayekwe hadn't kept cooking | sizbişirib turmay edigizbişirib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept cooking | alabişirib turmay edilebişirib turmayellethey hadn't kept cooking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbişire tura edimbişire turaemI was in the middle of cooking | senbişire tura ediŋbişire turaeŋyou were in the middle of cooking | olbişire tura edibişire turaedhe was in the middle of cooking | bizbişire tura edikbişire turaekwe were in the middle of cooking | sizbişire tura edigizbişire turaegizyou all were in the middle of cooking | alabişire tura edilebişire turaellethey were in the middle of cooking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbişire turmay edimbişire turmayemI wasn't in the middle of cooking | senbişire turmay ediŋbişire turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of cooking | olbişire turmay edibişire turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of cooking | bizbişire turmay edikbişire turmayekwe weren't in the middle of cooking | sizbişire turmay edigizbişire turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of cooking | alabişire turmay edilebişire turmayellethey weren't in the middle of cooking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbişirir edimbişirir emI would cook | senbişirir ediŋbişirir eŋyou would cook | olbişirir edibişirir edhe would cook | bizbişirir edikbişirir ekwe would cook | sizbişirir edigizbişirir egizyou all would cook | alabişirir edilebişirir ellethey would cook |
| Conditional result (would) | menbişirmez edimbişirmez emI wouldn't cook | senbişirmez ediŋbişirmez eŋyou wouldn't cook | olbişirmez edibişirmez edhe wouldn't cook | bizbişirmez edikbişirmez ekwe wouldn't cook | sizbişirmez edigizbişirmez egizyou all wouldn't cook | alabişirmez edilebişirmez ellethey wouldn't cook |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbişirlik edim2bişirlik embişirrik edimI would have cooked | senbişirlik ediŋ2bişirlik eŋbişirrik ediŋyou would have cooked | olbişirlik edi2bişirlik edbişirrik edihe would have cooked | bizbişirlik edik2bişirlik ekbişirrik edikwe would have cooked | sizbişirlik edigiz2bişirlik egizbişirrik edigizyou all would have cooked | alabişirlik edile2bişirlik ellebişirrik edilethey would have cooked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbişirlik tül edim2bişirlik tül embişirrik tül edimI wouldn't have cooked | senbişirlik tül ediŋ2bişirlik tül eŋbişirrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have cooked | olbişirlik tül edi2bişirlik tül edbişirrik tül edihe wouldn't have cooked | bizbişirlik tül edik2bişirlik tül ekbişirrik tül edikwe wouldn't have cooked | sizbişirlik tül edigiz2bişirlik tül egizbişirrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have cooked | alabişirlik tül edile2bişirlik tül ellebişirrik tül edilethey wouldn't have cooked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bişirrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbişirsemif I cook | senbişirseŋif you cook | olbişirseif he cooks | bizbişirsekif we cook | sizbişirsegizif you all cook | alabişirseleif they cook |
| Conditional | menbişirmesemif I don't cook | senbişirmeseŋif you don't cook | olbişirmeseif he doesn't cook | bizbişirmesekif we don't cook | sizbişirmesegizif you all don't cook | alabişirmeseleif they don't cook |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbişire esemif I am cooking | senbişire eseŋif you are cooking | olbişire eseif he is cooking | bizbişire esekif we are cooking | sizbişire esegizif you all are cooking | alabişire eseleif they are cooking |
| Conditional, present real | menbişirmey esemif I am not cooking | senbişirmey eseŋif you are not cooking | olbişirmey eseif he is not cooking | bizbişirmey esekif we are not cooking | sizbişirmey esegizif you all are not cooking | alabişirmey eseleif they are not cooking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbişirsem edibişirsem edif only I cooked | senbişirseŋ edibişirseŋ edif only you cooked | olbişirse edibişirsedif only he cooked | bizbişirsek edibişirsek edif only we cooked | sizbişirsegiz edibişirsegiz edif only you all cooked | alabişirsele edibişirseledif only they cooked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbişirmesem edibişirmesem edif only I didn't cook | senbişirmeseŋ edibişirmeseŋ edif only you didn't cook | olbişirmese edibişirmesedif only he didn't cook | bizbişirmesek edibişirmesek edif only we didn't cook | sizbişirmesegiz edibişirmesegiz edif only you all didn't cook | alabişirmesele edibişirmeseledif only they didn't cook |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbişirib tursamif I carry on cooking | senbişirib tursaŋif you carry on cooking | olbişirib tursaif he carries on cooking | bizbişirib tursaqif we carry on cooking | sizbişirib tursağızif you all carry on cooking | alabişirib tursalaif they carry on cooking |
| Durative conditional | menbişirib turmasamif I don't carry on cooking | senbişirib turmasaŋif you don't carry on cooking | olbişirib turmasaif he doesn't carry on cooking | bizbişirib turmasaqif we don't carry on cooking | sizbişirib turmasağızif you all don't carry on cooking | alabişirib turmasalaif they don't carry on cooking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbişirib tura esemif I have kept cooking | senbişirib tura eseŋif you have kept cooking | olbişirib tura eseif he has kept cooking | bizbişirib tura esekif we have kept cooking | sizbişirib tura esegizif you all have kept cooking | alabişirib tura eseleif they have kept cooking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbişirib turmay esemif I haven't kept cooking | senbişirib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept cooking | olbişirib turmay eseif he hasn't kept cooking | bizbişirib turmay esekif we haven't kept cooking | sizbişirib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept cooking | alabişirib turmay eseleif they haven't kept cooking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbişire tursamif I keep cooking | senbişire tursaŋif you keep cooking | olbişire tursaif he keeps cooking | bizbişire tursaqif we keep cooking | sizbişire tursağızif you all keep cooking | alabişire tursalaif they keep cooking |
| Progressive conditional | menbişirmey tursamif I keep on not cooking | senbişirmey tursaŋif you keep on not cooking | olbişirmey tursaif he keeps on not cooking | bizbişirmey tursaqif we keep on not cooking | sizbişirmey tursağızif you all keep on not cooking | alabişirmey tursalaif they keep on not cooking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbişire tura esemif I am in the middle of cooking | senbişire tura eseŋif you are in the middle of cooking | olbişire tura eseif he is in the middle of cooking | bizbişire tura esekif we are in the middle of cooking | sizbişire tura esegizif you all are in the middle of cooking | alabişire tura eseleif they are in the middle of cooking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbişirmey tura esemif I keep on not cooking | senbişirmey tura eseŋif you keep on not cooking | olbişirmey tura eseif he keeps on not cooking | bizbişirmey tura esekif we keep on not cooking | sizbişirmey tura esegizif you all keep on not cooking | alabişirmey tura eseleif they keep on not cooking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbişirdim esemif I cooked | senbişirdiŋ eseŋif you cooked | olbişirdi eseif he cooked | bizbişirdik esekif we cooked | sizbişirdigiz esegizif you all cooked | alabişirdile eseleif they cooked |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbişirmedim esemif I didn't cook | senbişirmediŋ eseŋif you didn't cook | olbişirmedi eseif he didn't cook | bizbişirmedik esekif we didn't cook | sizbişirmedigiz esegizif you all didn't cook | alabişirmedile eseleif they didn't cook |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbişirgen esemif I did cook (indeed) | senbişirgen eseŋif you did cook (indeed) | olbişirgen eseif he did cook (indeed) | bizbişirgen esekif we did cook (indeed) | sizbişirgen esegizif you all did cook (indeed) | alabişirgen eseleif they did cook (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbişirmegen esemif I didn't cook (indeed) | senbişirmegen eseŋif you didn't cook (indeed) | olbişirmegen eseif he didn't cook (indeed) | bizbişirmegen esekif we didn't cook (indeed) | sizbişirmegen esegizif you all didn't cook (indeed) | alabişirmegen eseleif they didn't cook (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbişirgen bolsamif I had cooked | senbişirgen bolsaŋif you had cooked | olbişirgen bolsaif he had cooked | bizbişirgen bolsaqif we had cooked | sizbişirgen bolsağızif you all had cooked | alabişirgen bolsalaif they had cooked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbişirmegen bolsamif I hadn't cooked | senbişirmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't cooked | olbişirmegen bolsaif he hadn't cooked | bizbişirmegen bolsaqif we hadn't cooked | sizbişirmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't cooked | alabişirmegen bolsalaif they hadn't cooked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbişirgen bolsam edibişirgen bolsam edif only I had cooked | senbişirgen bolsaŋ edibişirgen bolsaŋ edif only you had cooked | olbişirgen bolsa edibişirgen bolsaedif only he had cooked | bizbişirgen bolsaq edibişirgen bolsaq edif only we had cooked | sizbişirgen bolsağız edibişirgen bolsağız edif only you all had cooked | alabişirgen bolsala edibişirgen bolsalaedif only they had cooked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbişirmegen bolsam edibişirmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't cooked | senbişirmegen bolsaŋ edibişirmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't cooked | olbişirmegen bolsa edibişirmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't cooked | bizbişirmegen bolsaq edibişirmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't cooked | sizbişirmegen bolsağız edibişirmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't cooked | alabişirmegen bolsala edibişirmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't cooked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbişirir esemif I will cook | senbişirir eseŋif you will cook | olbişirir eseif he will cook | bizbişirir esekif we will cook | sizbişirir esegizif you all will cook | alabişirir eseleif they will cook |
| Conditional, aorist | menbişirmez esemif I won't cook | senbişirmez eseŋif you won't cook | olbişirmez eseif he won't cook | bizbişirmez esekif we won't cook | sizbişirmez esegizif you all won't cook | alabişirmez eseleif they won't cook |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbişirlik esem4bişirrik esemif I am going to cook | senbişirlik eseŋ4bişirrik eseŋif you are going to cook | olbişirlik ese4bişirrik eseif he is going to cook | bizbişirlik esek4bişirrik esekif we are going to cook | sizbişirlik esegiz4bişirrik esegizif you all are going to cook | alabişirlik esele4bişirrik eseleif they are going to cook |
| Conditional, future | menbişirlik tül esem4bişirrik tül esemif I am not going to cook | senbişirlik tül eseŋ4bişirrik tül eseŋif you are not going to cook | olbişirlik tül ese4bişirrik tül eseif he is not going to cook | bizbişirlik tül esek4bişirrik tül esekif we are not going to cook | sizbişirlik tül esegiz4bişirrik tül esegizif you all are not going to cook | alabişirlik tül esele4bişirrik tül eseleif they are not going to cook |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbişirlik bolsam5bişirrik bolsamif I were going to cook | senbişirlik bolsaŋ5bişirrik bolsaŋif you were going to cook | olbişirlik bolsa5bişirrik bolsaif he were going to cook | bizbişirlik bolsaq5bişirrik bolsaqif we were going to cook | sizbişirlik bolsağız5bişirrik bolsağızif you all were going to cook | alabişirlik bolsala5bişirrik bolsalaif they were going to cook |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbişirmezlik bolsamif I were not going to cook | senbişirmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to cook | olbişirmezlik bolsaif he were not going to cook | bizbişirmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to cook | sizbişirmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to cook | alabişirmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to cook |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bişirdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bişirrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bişirrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbişire bolurmaI must be cooking | senbişire bolursayou must be cooking | olbişire bolurhe must be cooking | bizbişire bolurbuzwe must be cooking | sizbişire bolursuzyou all must be cooking | alabişire bolurlathey must be cooking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbişirmey bolurmaI must not be cooking | senbişirmey bolursayou must not be cooking | olbişirmey bolurhe must not be cooking | bizbişirmey bolurbuzwe must not be cooking | sizbişirmey bolursuzyou all must not be cooking | alabişirmey bolurlathey must not be cooking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbişire tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of cooking | senbişire tura bolursayou must be in the middle of cooking | olbişire tura bolurhe must be in the middle of cooking | bizbişire tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of cooking | sizbişire tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of cooking | alabişire tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of cooking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbişirmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not cooking | senbişirmey tura bolursayou must keep on not cooking | olbişirmey tura bolurhe must keep on not cooking | bizbişirmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not cooking | sizbişirmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not cooking | alabişirmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not cooking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbişirgen bolurmaI must have cooked | senbişirgen bolursayou must have cooked | olbişirgen bolurhe must have cooked | bizbişirgen bolurbuzwe must have cooked | sizbişirgen bolursuzyou all must have cooked | alabişirgen bolurlathey must have cooked |
| Inference (must have) | menbişirmegen bolurmaI must not have cooked | senbişirmegen bolursayou must not have cooked | olbişirmegen bolurhe must not have cooked | bizbişirmegen bolurbuzwe must not have cooked | sizbişirmegen bolursuzyou all must not have cooked | alabişirmegen bolurlathey must not have cooked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbişirlik bolurma6bişirrik bolurmaI must be going to cook | senbişirlik bolursa6bişirrik bolursayou must be going to cook | olbişirlik bolur6bişirrik bolurhe must be going to cook | bizbişirlik bolurbuz6bişirrik bolurbuzwe must be going to cook | sizbişirlik bolursuz6bişirrik bolursuzyou all must be going to cook | alabişirlik bolurla6bişirrik bolurlathey must be going to cook |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbişirmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to cook | senbişirmezlik bolursayou must not be going to cook | olbişirmezlik bolurhe must not be going to cook | bizbişirmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to cook | sizbişirmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to cook | alabişirmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to cook |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bişirrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbişireyimlet me cook | senbişir!cook! | olbişirsinlet him cook | bizbişireyiklet's cook | sizbişirigiz!cook, you all! | alabişirsinlelet them cook |
| Commands & suggestions | menbişirmeyimlet me not cook | senbişirme!don't cook! | olbişirmesinlet him not cook | bizbişirmeyiklet's not cook | sizbişirmegiz!don't cook, you all! | alabişirmesinlelet them not cook |
| Commands & suggestions | menbişireyimmi?shall I cook? | olbişirsinmi?should he cook? | bizbişireyikmi?shall we cook? | alabişirsinlemi?should they cook? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbişirmeyimmi?shall I not cook? | olbişirmesinmi?should he not cook? | bizbişirmeyikmi?shall we not cook? | alabişirmesinlemi?should they not cook? | ||
| Requests | senbişirçi7bişirçinplease cook | olbişirsinçido let him cook | sizbişirçigizplease cook (plural/polite) | alabişirsinleçido let them cook | ||
| Requests | senbişirmeçi7bişirmeçinplease don't cook | olbişirmesinçido let him not cook | sizbişirmeçigizplease don't cook (plural/polite) | alabişirmesinleçido let them not cook | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbişirginbişirgimay you cook | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbişirmeginbişirmegimay you not cook | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbişirgey edim bişirge edimwould that I cooked | senbişirgey ediŋ bişirge ediŋwould that you cooked | olbişirgey edi bişirge ediwould that he cooked | bizbişirgey edik bişirge edikwould that we cooked | sizbişirgey edigiz bişirge edigizwould that you all cooked | alabişirgey edile bişirge edilewould that they cooked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbişirmegey edim bişirmege edimwould that I did not cook | senbişirmegey ediŋ bişirmege ediŋwould that you did not cook | olbişirmegey edi bişirmege ediwould that he did not cook | bizbişirmegey edik bişirmege edikwould that we did not cook | sizbişirmegey edigiz bişirmege edigizwould that you all did not cook | alabişirmegey edile bişirmege edilewould that they did not cook |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbişirmege qoyayımbişirme qoyayımlet me allow someone to cook | senbişirmege qoy!bişirme qoy!let someone cook! | olbişirmege qoysunbişirme qoysunlet him allow someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoyayıqbişirme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoyuğuz!bişirme qoyuğuz!let someone cook, you all! | alabişirmege qoysunlabişirme qoysunlalet them allow someone to cook |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbişirmege qoymayımbişirme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cook | senbişirmege qoyma!bişirme qoyma!don't let someone cook! | olbişirmege qoymasınbişirme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoymayıqbişirme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoymağız!bişirme qoymağız!don't let someone cook, you all! | alabişirmege qoymasınlabişirme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cook |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbişirmege qoyayımmı?bişirme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoysunmu?bişirme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoyayıqmı?bişirme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoysunlamı?bişirme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cook? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbişirmege qoymayımmı?bişirme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoymasınmı?bişirme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoymayıqmı?bişirme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoymasınlamı?bişirme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cook? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbişirmege qoyamabişirme qoyamaI allow someone to cook | senbişirmege qoyasabişirme qoyasayou allow someone to cook | olbişirmege qoyadıbişirme qoyadıhe allows someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoyabızbişirme qoyabızwe allow someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoyasızbişirme qoyasızyou all allow someone to cook | alabişirmege qoyadılabişirme qoyadılathey allow someone to cook |
| Let someone… (present) | menbişirmege qoymaymabişirme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cook | senbişirmege qoymaysabişirme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cook | olbişirmege qoymaydıbişirme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoymaybızbişirme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoymaysızbişirme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cook | alabişirmege qoymaydılabişirme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cook |
| Let someone… (present) | menbişirmege qoyamamı?bişirme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cook? | senbişirmege qoyamısa?bişirme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoyamıdı?bişirme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoyabızmı?bişirme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cook? | sizbişirmege qoyamısız?bişirme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoyamıdıla?bişirme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cook? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbişirmege qoymaymamı?bişirme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cook? | senbişirmege qoymaymısa?bişirme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoymaymıdı?bişirme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoymaybızmı?bişirme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cook? | sizbişirmege qoymaymısız?bişirme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoymaymıdıla?bişirme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cook? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbişirmege qoydumbişirme qoydumI allowed someone to cook | senbişirmege qoyduŋbişirme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cook | olbişirmege qoydubişirme qoyduhe allowed someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoyduqbişirme qoyduqwe allowed someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoyduğuzbişirme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cook | alabişirmege qoydulabişirme qoydulathey allowed someone to cook |
| Let someone… (past) | menbişirmege qoymadımbişirme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cook | senbişirmege qoymadıŋbişirme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cook | olbişirmege qoymadıbişirme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cook | bizbişirmege qoymadıqbişirme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cook | sizbişirmege qoymadığızbişirme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cook | alabişirmege qoymadılabişirme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cook |
| Let someone… (past) | menbişirmege qoydummu?bişirme qoydummu?did I allow someone to cook? | senbişirmege qoyduŋmu?bişirme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoydumu?bişirme qoydumu?did he allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoyduqmu?bişirme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cook? | sizbişirmege qoyduğuzmu?bişirme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoydulamı?bişirme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cook? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbişirmege qoymadımmı?bişirme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cook? | senbişirmege qoymadıŋmı?bişirme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cook? | olbişirmege qoymadımı?bişirme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cook? | bizbişirmege qoymadıqmı?bişirme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cook? | sizbişirmege qoymadığızmı?bişirme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cook? | alabişirmege qoymadılamı?bişirme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cook? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
bişiralırğa be able to cook · bişiralmazğa be unable to cook
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbişiralamaI can cook | senbişiralasayou can cook | olbişiraladıhe can cook | bizbişiralabızwe can cook | sizbişiralasızyou all can cook | alabişiraladılathey can cook |
| Ability — present | menbişiralmaymaI can't cook | senbişiralmaysayou can't cook | olbişiralmaydıhe can't cook | bizbişiralmaybızwe can't cook | sizbişiralmaysızyou all can't cook | alabişiralmaydılathey can't cook |
| Ability — present | menbişiralamamı? bişiralamıma?can I cook? | senbişiralamısa?can you cook? | olbişiralamıdı?can he cook? | bizbişiralabızmı? bişiralamıbız?can we cook? | sizbişiralamısız?can you all cook? | alabişiralamıdıla?can they cook? |
| Ability — present | menbişiralmaymamı? bişiralmaymıma?can't I cook? | senbişiralmaymısa?can't you cook? | olbişiralmaymıdı?can't he cook? | bizbişiralmaybızmı? bişiralmaymıbız?can't we cook? | sizbişiralmaymısız?can't you all cook? | alabişiralmaymıdıla?can't they cook? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbişiralsamif I can cook | senbişiralsaŋif you can cook | olbişiralsaif he can cook | bizbişiralsaqif we can cook | sizbişiralsağızif you all can cook | alabişiralsalaif they can cook |
| Ability — if I can… | menbişiralmasamif I can't cook | senbişiralmasaŋif you can't cook | olbişiralmasaif he can't cook | bizbişiralmasaqif we can't cook | sizbişiralmasağızif you all can't cook | alabişiralmasalaif they can't cook |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbişiraldımI was able to cook | senbişiraldıŋyou were able to cook | olbişiraldıhe was able to cook | bizbişiraldıqwe were able to cook | sizbişiraldığızyou all were able to cook | alabişiraldılathey were able to cook |
| Ability — simple past | menbişiralmadımI could not cook | senbişiralmadıŋyou could not cook | olbişiralmadıhe could not cook | bizbişiralmadıqwe could not cook | sizbişiralmadığızyou all could not cook | alabişiralmadılathey could not cook |
| Ability — simple past | menbişiraldımmı?was I able to cook? | senbişiraldıŋmı?were you able to cook? | olbişiraldımı?was he able to cook? | bizbişiraldıqmı?were we able to cook? | sizbişiraldığızmı?were you all able to cook? | alabişiraldılamı?were they able to cook? |
| Ability — simple past | menbişiralmadımmı?couldn't I cook? | senbişiralmadıŋmı?couldn't you cook? | olbişiralmadımı?couldn't he cook? | bizbişiralmadıqmı?couldn't we cook? | sizbişiralmadığızmı?couldn't you all cook? | alabişiralmadılamı?couldn't they cook? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbişiralğanmaI have been able to cook | senbişiralğansayou have been able to cook | olbişiralğandıhe has been able to cook | bizbişiralğanbızwe have been able to cook | sizbişiralğansızyou all have been able to cook | alabişiralğandılathey have been able to cook |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbişiralmağanmaI haven't been able to cook | senbişiralmağansayou haven't been able to cook | olbişiralmağandıhe hasn't been able to cook | bizbişiralmağanbızwe haven't been able to cook | sizbişiralmağansızyou all haven't been able to cook | alabişiralmağandılathey haven't been able to cook |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbişiralğanmamı? bişiralğanmıma?have I been able to cook? | senbişiralğanmısa?have you been able to cook? | olbişiralğanmıdı?has he been able to cook? | bizbişiralğanbızmı? bişiralğanmıbız?have we been able to cook? | sizbişiralğanmısız?have you all been able to cook? | alabişiralğanmıdıla?have they been able to cook? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbişiralmağanmamı? bişiralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cook? | senbişiralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cook? | olbişiralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cook? | bizbişiralmağanbızmı? bişiralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cook? | sizbişiralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cook? | alabişiralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cook? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbişiralğan edimbişiralğanemI had been able to cook | senbişiralğan ediŋbişiralğaneŋyou had been able to cook | olbişiralğan edibişiralğanedhe had been able to cook | bizbişiralğan edikbişiralğanekwe had been able to cook | sizbişiralğan edigizbişiralğanegizyou all had been able to cook | alabişiralğan edilebişiralğanellethey had been able to cook |
| Ability — past perfect | menbişiralmağan edimbişiralmağanemI hadn't been able to cook | senbişiralmağan ediŋbişiralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cook | olbişiralmağan edibişiralmağanedhe hadn't been able to cook | bizbişiralmağan edikbişiralmağanekwe hadn't been able to cook | sizbişiralmağan edigizbişiralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cook | alabişiralmağan edilebişiralmağanellethey hadn't been able to cook |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbişirala edimbişiralaemI could cook | senbişirala ediŋbişiralaeŋyou could cook | olbişirala edibişiralaedhe could cook | bizbişirala edikbişiralaekwe could cook | sizbişirala edigizbişiralaegizyou all could cook | alabişirala edilebişiralaellethey could cook |
| Ability — past background | menbişiralmay edimbişiralmayemI could not cook | senbişiralmay ediŋbişiralmayeŋyou could not cook | olbişiralmay edibişiralmayedhe could not cook | bizbişiralmay edikbişiralmayekwe could not cook | sizbişiralmay edigizbişiralmayegizyou all could not cook | alabişiralmay edilebişiralmayellethey could not cook |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbişiralırmaI will be able to cook | senbişiralırsayou will be able to cook | olbişiralırhe will be able to cook | bizbişiralırbızwe will be able to cook | sizbişiralırsızyou all will be able to cook | alabişiralırlathey will be able to cook |
| Ability — future I | menbişiralmazmaI won't be able to cook | senbişiralmazsayou won't be able to cook | olbişiralmazhe won't be able to cook | bizbişiralmazbızwe won't be able to cook | sizbişiralmazsızyou all won't be able to cook | alabişiralmazlathey won't be able to cook |
| Ability — future I | menbişiralırmamı? bişiralırmıma?will I be able to cook? | senbişiralırmısa?will you be able to cook? | olbişiralırmı?will he be able to cook? | bizbişiralırbızmı? bişiralırmıbız?will we be able to cook? | sizbişiralırmısız?will you all be able to cook? | alabişiralırlamı? bişiralırmıla?will they be able to cook? |
| Ability — future I | menbişiralmazmamı? bişiralmazmıma?won't I be able to cook? | senbişiralmazmısa?won't you be able to cook? | olbişiralmazmı?won't he be able to cook? | bizbişiralmazbızmı? bişiralmazmıbız?won't we be able to cook? | sizbişiralmazmısız?won't you all be able to cook? | alabişiralmazlamı? bişiralmazmıla?won't they be able to cook? |
| Ability — future II | menbişirallıqmaI am going to be able to cook | senbişirallıqsayou are going to be able to cook | olbişirallıqdıhe is going to be able to cook | bizbişirallıqbızwe are going to be able to cook | sizbişirallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cook | alabişirallıqdılathey are going to be able to cook |
| Ability — future II | menbişirallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cook | senbişirallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cook | olbişirallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cook | bizbişirallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cook | sizbişirallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cook | alabişirallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cook |
| Ability — future II | menbişirallıqmamı? bişirallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cook? | senbişirallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cook? | olbişirallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cook? | bizbişirallıqbızmı? bişirallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cook? | sizbişirallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cook? | alabişirallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cook? |
| Ability — future II | menbişirallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cook? | senbişirallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cook? | olbişirallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cook? | bizbişirallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cook? | sizbişirallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cook? | alabişirallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cook? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbişiralır edimbişiralır emI would be able to cook | senbişiralır ediŋbişiralır eŋyou would be able to cook | olbişiralır edibişiralır edhe would be able to cook | bizbişiralır edikbişiralır ekwe would be able to cook | sizbişiralır edigizbişiralır egizyou all would be able to cook | alabişiralır edilebişiralır ellethey would be able to cook |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbişiralmaz edimbişiralmaz emI wouldn't be able to cook | senbişiralmaz ediŋbişiralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cook | olbişiralmaz edibişiralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cook | bizbişiralmaz edikbişiralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cook | sizbişiralmaz edigizbişiralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cook | alabişiralmaz edilebişiralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cook |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbişiralğınbişiralğımay you be able to cook | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbişiralmağınbişiralmağımay you not be able to cook | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbişirirge izleymeI want to cook | senbişirirge izleyseyou want to cook | olbişirirge izleydihe wants to cook | bizbişirirge izleybizwe want to cook | sizbişirirge izleysizyou all want to cook | alabişirirge izleydilethey want to cook |
| want to | menbişirirge izlemeymeI do not want to cook | senbişirirge izlemeyseyou do not want to cook | olbişirirge izlemeydihe does not want to cook | bizbişirirge izlemeybizwe do not want to cook | sizbişirirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to cook | alabişirirge izlemeydilethey do not want to cook |
| would like to | menbişirirge süemeI would like to cook | senbişirirge süeseyou would like to cook | olbişirirge süedihe would like to cook | bizbişirirge süebizwe would like to cook | sizbişirirge süesizyou all would like to cook | alabişirirge süedilethey would like to cook |
| would like to | menbişirirge süymeymeI would not like to cook | senbişirirge süymeyseyou would not like to cook | olbişirirge süymeydihe would not like to cook | bizbişirirge süymeybizwe would not like to cook | sizbişirirge süymeysizyou all would not like to cook | alabişirirge süymeydilethey would not like to cook |
| hope to | menbişirirge umutlanamaI hope to cook | senbişirirge umutlanasayou hope to cook | olbişirirge umutlanadıhe hopes to cook | bizbişirirge umutlanabızwe hope to cook | sizbişirirge umutlanasızyou all hope to cook | alabişirirge umutlanadılathey hope to cook |
| hope to | menbişirirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cook | senbişirirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cook | olbişirirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cook | bizbişirirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cook | sizbişirirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cook | alabişirirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cook |
| be about to | menbişirirge deb turamaI am about to cook | senbişirirge deb turasayou are about to cook | olbişirirge deb turadıhe is about to cook | bizbişirirge deb turabızwe are about to cook | sizbişirirge deb turasızyou all are about to cook | alabişirirge deb turadılathey are about to cook |
| be about to | menbişirirge deb turmaymaI am not about to cook | senbişirirge deb turmaysayou are not about to cook | olbişirirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to cook | bizbişirirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to cook | sizbişirirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cook | alabişirirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to cook |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbişirirge kerekmeI need to cook | senbişirirge kerekseyou need to cook | olbişirirge kerekdihe needs to cook | bizbişirirge kerekbizwe need to cook | sizbişirirge kereksizyou all need to cook | alabişirirge kerekdilethey need to cook |
| need to | menbişirirge kerek tülmeI do not need to cook | senbişirirge kerek tülseyou do not need to cook | olbişirirge kerek tüldühe does not need to cook | bizbişirirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cook | sizbişirirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cook | alabişirirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to cook |
| have to | menmenŋe bişirirge tüşediI have to cook | sensenŋe bişirirge tüşediyou have to cook | olaŋa bişirirge tüşedihe has to cook | bizbizge bişirirge tüşediwe have to cook | sizsizge bişirirge tüşediyou all have to cook | alaalağa bişirirge tüşedithey have to cook |
| have to | menmenŋe bişirirge tüşmeydiI do not have to cook | sensenŋe bişirirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to cook | olaŋa bişirirge tüşmeydihe does not have to cook | bizbizge bişirirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to cook | sizsizge bişirirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cook | alaalağa bişirirge tüşmeydithey do not have to cook |
| be obliged to | menbişirirge borçlumaI am obliged to cook | senbişirirge borçlusayou are obliged to cook | olbişirirge borçluduhe is obliged to cook | bizbişirirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to cook | sizbişirirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cook | alabişirirge borçludulathey are obliged to cook |
| be obliged to | menbişirirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cook | senbişirirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cook | olbişirirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cook | bizbişirirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cook | sizbişirirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cook | alabişirirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cook |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbişirirge madarım bardıI have a way to cook | senbişirirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cook | olbişirirge madarı bardıhe has a way to cook | bizbişirirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cook | sizbişirirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cook | alabişirirge madarları bardıthey have a way to cook |
| have a way to | menbişirirge madarım joqduI have no way to cook | senbişirirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cook | olbişirirge madarı joqduhe has no way to cook | bizbişirirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cook | sizbişirirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cook | alabişirirge madarları joqduthey have no way to cook |
| be free to | menbişirirge erkinligim bardıI am free to cook | senbişirirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cook | olbişirirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to cook | bizbişirirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cook | sizbişirirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cook | alabişirirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cook |
| be free to | menbişirirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to cook | senbişirirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cook | olbişirirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cook | bizbişirirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cook | sizbişirirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cook | alabişirirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cook |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for me to cook | sensenŋe bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for you to cook | olaŋa bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for him to cook | bizbizge bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for us to cook | sizsizge bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to cook | alaalağa bişirirge bolluqduit is possible for them to cook |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cook | sensenŋe bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cook | olaŋa bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cook | bizbizge bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cook | sizsizge bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cook | alaalağa bişirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cook |
| be ready to | menbişirirge hazırmaI am ready to cook | senbişirirge hazırsayou are ready to cook | olbişirirge hazırdıhe is ready to cook | bizbişirirge hazırbızwe are ready to cook | sizbişirirge hazırsızyou all are ready to cook | alabişirirge hazırdılathey are ready to cook |
| be ready to | menbişirirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to cook | senbişirirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to cook | olbişirirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to cook | bizbişirirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cook | sizbişirirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cook | alabişirirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cook |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbişirirge küreşemeI am trying to cook | senbişirirge küreşeseyou are trying to cook | olbişirirge küreşedihe is trying to cook | bizbişirirge küreşebizwe are trying to cook | sizbişirirge küreşesizyou all are trying to cook | alabişirirge küreşedilethey are trying to cook |
| try to | menbişirirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to cook | senbişirirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cook | olbişirirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to cook | bizbişirirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cook | sizbişirirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cook | alabişirirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cook |
| agree to | menbişirirge unaymaI agree to cook | senbişirirge unaysayou agree to cook | olbişirirge unaydıhe agrees to cook | bizbişirirge unaybızwe agree to cook | sizbişirirge unaysızyou all agree to cook | alabişirirge unaydılathey agree to cook |
| agree to | menbişirirge unamaymaI refuse to cook | senbişirirge unamaysayou refuse to cook | olbişirirge unamaydıhe refuses to cook | bizbişirirge unamaybızwe refuse to cook | sizbişirirge unamaysızyou all refuse to cook | alabişirirge unamaydılathey refuse to cook |
| hurry to | menbişirirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to cook | senbişirirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to cook | olbişirirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cook | bizbişirirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cook | sizbişirirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cook | alabişirirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cook |
| hurry to | menbişirirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cook | senbişirirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cook | olbişirirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cook | bizbişirirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cook | sizbişirirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cook | alabişirirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cook |
| be afraid to | menbişirirge qorqamaI am afraid to cook | senbişirirge qorqasayou are afraid to cook | olbişirirge qorqadıhe is afraid to cook | bizbişirirge qorqabızwe are afraid to cook | sizbişirirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to cook | alabişirirge qorqadılathey are afraid to cook |
| be afraid to | menbişirirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cook | senbişirirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cook | olbişirirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cook | bizbişirirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cook | sizbişirirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cook | alabişirirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cook |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbişire bolmazmaI can't be cooking | senbişire bolmazsayou can't be cooking | olbişire bolmazhe can't be cooking | bizbişire bolmazbızwe can't be cooking | sizbişire bolmazsızyou all can't be cooking | alabişire bolmazlathey can't be cooking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbişirmey bolmazmaI must be cooking (emphatic) | senbişirmey bolmazsayou must be cooking (emphatic) | olbişirmey bolmazhe must be cooking (emphatic) | bizbişirmey bolmazbızwe must be cooking (emphatic) | sizbişirmey bolmazsızyou all must be cooking (emphatic) | alabişirmey bolmazlathey must be cooking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbişire turmasamif I don't keep cooking | senbişire turmasaŋif you don't keep cooking | olbişire turmasaif he doesn't keep cooking | bizbişire turmasaqif we don't keep cooking | sizbişire turmasağızif you all don't keep cooking | alabişire turmasalaif they don't keep cooking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbişire tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of cooking | senbişire tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of cooking | olbişire tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of cooking | bizbişire tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of cooking | sizbişire tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of cooking | alabişire tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of cooking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbişirmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not cooking (emphatic) | senbişirmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not cooking (emphatic) | olbişirmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not cooking (emphatic) | bizbişirmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not cooking (emphatic) | sizbişirmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not cooking (emphatic) | alabişirmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not cooking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbişirmey turamaI keep on not cooking | senbişirmey turasayou keep on not cooking | olbişirmey turadıhe keeps on not cooking | bizbişirmey turabızwe keep on not cooking | sizbişirmey turasızyou all keep on not cooking | alabişirmey turadılathey keep on not cooking |
| Progressive — double negation | menbişirmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not cooking | senbişirmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not cooking | olbişirmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not cooking | bizbişirmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not cooking | sizbişirmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not cooking | alabişirmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not cooking |
| Progressive — double negation | menbişirmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not cooking? | senbişirmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not cooking? | olbişirmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not cooking? | bizbişirmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not cooking? | sizbişirmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not cooking? | alabişirmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not cooking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbişirgen bolmazmaI can't have cooked | senbişirgen bolmazsayou can't have cooked | olbişirgen bolmazhe can't have cooked | bizbişirgen bolmazbızwe can't have cooked | sizbişirgen bolmazsızyou all can't have cooked | alabişirgen bolmazlathey can't have cooked |
| Inference — double negation | menbişirmegen bolmazmaI must have cooked (emphatic) | senbişirmegen bolmazsayou must have cooked (emphatic) | olbişirmegen bolmazhe must have cooked (emphatic) | bizbişirmegen bolmazbızwe must have cooked (emphatic) | sizbişirmegen bolmazsızyou all must have cooked (emphatic) | alabişirmegen bolmazlathey must have cooked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbişirgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had cooked | senbişirgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had cooked | olbişirgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had cooked | bizbişirgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had cooked | sizbişirgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had cooked | alabişirgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had cooked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbişirmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't cooked | senbişirmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't cooked | olbişirmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't cooked | bizbişirmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't cooked | sizbişirmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't cooked | alabişirmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't cooked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbişirlik bolmazmaI can't be going to cook | senbişirlik bolmazsayou can't be going to cook | olbişirlik bolmazhe can't be going to cook | bizbişirlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to cook | sizbişirlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cook | alabişirlik bolmazlathey can't be going to cook |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbişirmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to cook (emphatic) | senbişirmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to cook (emphatic) | olbişirmezlik bolmazhe must be going to cook (emphatic) | bizbişirmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to cook (emphatic) | sizbişirmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to cook (emphatic) | alabişirmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to cook (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbişirlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cook | senbişirlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cook | olbişirlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cook | bizbişirlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cook | sizbişirlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cook | alabişirlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cook |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbişirmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cook | senbişirmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cook | olbişirmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cook | bizbişirmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cook | sizbişirmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cook | alabişirmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cook |