aydarğa
/ajdarʁa/
drive (animals), herd, chase — Typically used with livestock: mal aydarğa "drive the livestock". The causative is aydatırğa.
- mal aydarğa — drive the livestock
- qoylanı üyge aydaybız — we drive the sheep home
- malnı tawğa aydadı — he drove the livestock to the mountain
- jılqını aydağandı — he has driven the horse herd
Conjugation
Common forms
- aydaydıhe is driving
- aydadıhe drove
- aydağandıhe has driven
- aydarhe will drive
- aydarıqdıhe is going to drive
- ayday edihe was driving
- aydasaif he drives
- ayda!drive!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaydaymaI am driving | senaydaysayou are driving | olaydaydıhe is driving | bizaydaybızwe are driving | sizaydaysızyou all are driving | alaaydaydılathey are driving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaydamaymaI am not driving | senaydamaysayou are not driving | olaydamaydıhe is not driving | bizaydamaybızwe are not driving | sizaydamaysızyou all are not driving | alaaydamaydılathey are not driving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaydaymamı? aydaymıma?am I driving? | senaydaymısa?are you driving? | olaydaymıdı?is he driving? | bizaydaybızmı? aydaymıbız?are we driving? | sizaydaymısız?are you all driving? | alaaydaymıdıla?are they driving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaydamaymamı? aydamaymıma?aren't I driving? | senaydamaymısa?aren't you driving? | olaydamaymıdı?isn't he driving? | bizaydamaybızmı? aydamaymıbız?aren't we driving? | sizaydamaymısız?aren't you all driving? | alaaydamaymıdıla?aren't they driving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaydawçanmaI usually drive | senaydawçansayou usually drive | olaydawçandıhe usually drives | bizaydawçanbızwe usually drive | sizaydawçansızyou all usually drive | alaaydawçandılathey usually drive |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaydamawçanmaI usually don't drive | senaydamawçansayou usually don't drive | olaydamawçandıhe usually doesn't drive | bizaydamawçanbızwe usually don't drive | sizaydamawçansızyou all usually don't drive | alaaydamawçandılathey usually don't drive |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaydawçanmamı? aydawçanmıma?do I usually drive? | senaydawçanmısa?do you usually drive? | olaydawçanmıdı?does he usually drive? | bizaydawçanbızmı? aydawçanmıbız?do we usually drive? | sizaydawçanmısız?do you all usually drive? | alaaydawçanmıdıla?do they usually drive? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaydamawçanmamı? aydamawçanmıma?do I usually not drive? | senaydamawçanmısa?do you usually not drive? | olaydamawçanmıdı?does he usually not drive? | bizaydamawçanbızmı? aydamawçanmıbız?do we usually not drive? | sizaydamawçanmısız?do you all usually not drive? | alaaydamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not drive? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaydabdıhe has driven and remains so | alaaydabdılathey have driven and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaydabmıdı?has he driven? | alaaydabmıdıla?have they driven? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaydab turamaI keep driving | senaydab turasayou keep driving | olaydab turadıhe keeps driving | bizaydab turabızwe keep driving | sizaydab turasızyou all keep driving | alaaydab turadılathey keep driving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaydab turmaymaI don't keep driving | senaydab turmaysayou don't keep driving | olaydab turmaydıhe doesn't keep driving | bizaydab turmaybızwe don't keep driving | sizaydab turmaysızyou all don't keep driving | alaaydab turmaydılathey don't keep driving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaydab turamamı? aydab turamıma?do I keep driving? | senaydab turamısa?do you keep driving? | olaydab turamıdı?does he keep driving? | bizaydab turabızmı? aydab turamıbız?do we keep driving? | sizaydab turamısız?do you all keep driving? | alaaydab turamıdıla?do they keep driving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaydab turmaymamı? aydab turmaymıma?don't I keep driving? | senaydab turmaymısa?don't you keep driving? | olaydab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep driving? | bizaydab turmaybızmı? aydab turmaymıbız?don't we keep driving? | sizaydab turmaymısız?don't you all keep driving? | alaaydab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep driving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayday turamaI am in the middle of driving | senayday turasayou are in the middle of driving | olayday turadıhe is in the middle of driving | bizayday turabızwe are in the middle of driving | sizayday turasızyou all are in the middle of driving | alaayday turadılathey are in the middle of driving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayday turmaymaI am not in the middle of driving | senayday turmaysayou are not in the middle of driving | olayday turmaydıhe is not in the middle of driving | bizayday turmaybızwe are not in the middle of driving | sizayday turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of driving | alaayday turmaydılathey are not in the middle of driving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayday turamamı? ayday turamıma?am I in the middle of driving? | senayday turamısa?are you in the middle of driving? | olayday turamıdı?is he in the middle of driving? | bizayday turabızmı? ayday turamıbız?are we in the middle of driving? | sizayday turamısız?are you all in the middle of driving? | alaayday turamıdıla?are they in the middle of driving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayday turmaymamı? ayday turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of driving? | senayday turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of driving? | olayday turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of driving? | bizayday turmaybızmı? ayday turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of driving? | sizayday turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of driving? | alaayday turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of driving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaydadımI drove | senaydadıŋyou drove | olaydadıhe drove | bizaydadıqwe drove | sizaydadığızyou all drove | alaaydadılathey drove |
| Simple past (definite) | menaydamadımI didn't drive | senaydamadıŋyou didn't drive | olaydamadıhe didn't drive | bizaydamadıqwe didn't drive | sizaydamadığızyou all didn't drive | alaaydamadılathey didn't drive |
| Simple past (definite) | menaydadımmı?did I drive? | senaydadıŋmı?did you drive? | olaydadımı?did he drive? | bizaydadıqmı?did we drive? | sizaydadığızmı?did you all drive? | alaaydadılamı?did they drive? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaydamadımmı?didn't I drive? | senaydamadıŋmı?didn't you drive? | olaydamadımı?didn't he drive? | bizaydamadıqmı?didn't we drive? | sizaydamadığızmı?didn't you all drive? | alaaydamadılamı?didn't they drive? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaydağanmaI have driven | senaydağansayou have driven | olaydağandıhe has driven | bizaydağanbızwe have driven | sizaydağansızyou all have driven | alaaydağandılathey have driven |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaydamağanmaI haven't driven | senaydamağansayou haven't driven | olaydamağandıhe hasn't driven | bizaydamağanbızwe haven't driven | sizaydamağansızyou all haven't driven | alaaydamağandılathey haven't driven |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaydağanmamı? aydağanmıma?have I driven? | senaydağanmısa?have you driven? | olaydağanmıdı?has he driven? | bizaydağanbızmı? aydağanmıbız?have we driven? | sizaydağanmısız?have you all driven? | alaaydağanmıdıla?have they driven? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaydamağanmamı? aydamağanmıma?haven't I driven? | senaydamağanmısa?haven't you driven? | olaydamağanmıdı?hasn't he driven? | bizaydamağanbızmı? aydamağanmıbız?haven't we driven? | sizaydamağanmısız?haven't you all driven? | alaaydamağanmıdıla?haven't they driven? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaydab turdumI kept driving | senaydab turduŋyou kept driving | olaydab turduhe kept driving | bizaydab turduqwe kept driving | sizaydab turduğuzyou all kept driving | alaaydab turdulathey kept driving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaydab turmadımI didn't keep driving | senaydab turmadıŋyou didn't keep driving | olaydab turmadıhe didn't keep driving | bizaydab turmadıqwe didn't keep driving | sizaydab turmadığızyou all didn't keep driving | alaaydab turmadılathey didn't keep driving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaydarmaI will drive | senaydarsayou will drive | olaydarhe will drive | bizaydarbızwe will drive | sizaydarsızyou all will drive | alaaydarlathey will drive |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaydamazmaI won't drive | senaydamazsayou won't drive | olaydamazhe won't drive | bizaydamazbızwe won't drive | sizaydamazsızyou all won't drive | alaaydamazlathey won't drive |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaydarmamı? aydarmıma?will I drive? | senaydarmısa?will you drive? | olaydarmı?will he drive? | bizaydarbızmı? aydarmıbız?will we drive? | sizaydarmısız?will you all drive? | alaaydarlamı? aydarmıla?will they drive? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaydamazmamı? aydamazmıma?won't I drive? | senaydamazmısa?won't you drive? | olaydamazmı?won't he drive? | bizaydamazbızmı? aydamazmıbız?won't we drive? | sizaydamazmısız?won't you all drive? | alaaydamazlamı? aydamazmıla?won't they drive? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaydarıqmaI am going to drive | senaydarıqsayou are going to drive | olaydarıqdıhe is going to drive | bizaydarıqbızwe are going to drive | sizaydarıqsızyou all are going to drive | alaaydarıqdılathey are going to drive |
| Definite future (future II) | menaydarıq tülmeI am not going to drive | senaydarıq tülseyou are not going to drive | olaydarıq tüldühe is not going to drive | bizaydarıq tülbüzwe are not going to drive | sizaydarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to drive | alaaydarıq tüldülethey are not going to drive |
| Definite future (future II) | menaydarıqmamı? aydarıqmıma?am I going to drive? | senaydarıqmısa?are you going to drive? | olaydarıqmıdı?is he going to drive? | bizaydarıqbızmı? aydarıqmıbız?are we going to drive? | sizaydarıqmısız?are you all going to drive? | alaaydarıqmıdıla?are they going to drive? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaydarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to drive? | senaydarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to drive? | olaydarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to drive? | bizaydarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to drive? | sizaydarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to drive? | alaaydarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to drive? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaydağan edimaydağanemI had driven | senaydağan ediŋaydağaneŋyou had driven | olaydağan ediaydağanedhe had driven | bizaydağan edikaydağanekwe had driven | sizaydağan edigizaydağanegizyou all had driven | alaaydağan edileaydağanellethey had driven |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaydamağan edimaydamağanemI hadn't driven | senaydamağan ediŋaydamağaneŋyou hadn't driven | olaydamağan ediaydamağanedhe hadn't driven | bizaydamağan edikaydamağanekwe hadn't driven | sizaydamağan edigizaydamağanegizyou all hadn't driven | alaaydamağan edileaydamağanellethey hadn't driven |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayday edimaydayemI was driving | senayday ediŋaydayeŋyou were driving | olayday ediaydayedhe was driving | bizayday edikaydayekwe were driving | sizayday edigizaydayegizyou all were driving | alaayday edileaydayellethey were driving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaydamay edimaydamayemI wasn't driving | senaydamay ediŋaydamayeŋyou weren't driving | olaydamay ediaydamayedhe wasn't driving | bizaydamay edikaydamayekwe weren't driving | sizaydamay edigizaydamayegizyou all weren't driving | alaaydamay edileaydamayellethey weren't driving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menaydawçan edimaydawçanemI used to drive | senaydawçan ediŋaydawçaneŋyou used to drive | olaydawçan ediaydawçanedhe used to drive | bizaydawçan edikaydawçanekwe used to drive | sizaydawçan edigizaydawçanegizyou all used to drive | alaaydawçan edileaydawçanellethey used to drive |
| Habitual past (used to) | menaydamawçan edimaydamawçanemI didn't use to drive | senaydamawçan ediŋaydamawçaneŋyou didn't use to drive | olaydamawçan ediaydamawçanedhe didn't use to drive | bizaydamawçan edikaydamawçanekwe didn't use to drive | sizaydamawçan edigizaydamawçanegizyou all didn't use to drive | alaaydamawçan edileaydamawçanellethey didn't use to drive |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaydab edihe had driven and remained so | alaaydab edilethey had driven and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaydab tül edihe hadn't driven | alaaydab tül edilethey hadn't driven | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaydab tura edimaydab turaemI had kept driving | senaydab tura ediŋaydab turaeŋyou had kept driving | olaydab tura ediaydab turaedhe had kept driving | bizaydab tura edikaydab turaekwe had kept driving | sizaydab tura edigizaydab turaegizyou all had kept driving | alaaydab tura edileaydab turaellethey had kept driving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaydab turmay edimaydab turmayemI hadn't kept driving | senaydab turmay ediŋaydab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept driving | olaydab turmay ediaydab turmayedhe hadn't kept driving | bizaydab turmay edikaydab turmayekwe hadn't kept driving | sizaydab turmay edigizaydab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept driving | alaaydab turmay edileaydab turmayellethey hadn't kept driving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayday tura edimayday turaemI was in the middle of driving | senayday tura ediŋayday turaeŋyou were in the middle of driving | olayday tura ediayday turaedhe was in the middle of driving | bizayday tura edikayday turaekwe were in the middle of driving | sizayday tura edigizayday turaegizyou all were in the middle of driving | alaayday tura edileayday turaellethey were in the middle of driving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayday turmay edimayday turmayemI wasn't in the middle of driving | senayday turmay ediŋayday turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of driving | olayday turmay ediayday turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of driving | bizayday turmay edikayday turmayekwe weren't in the middle of driving | sizayday turmay edigizayday turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of driving | alaayday turmay edileayday turmayellethey weren't in the middle of driving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menaydar edimaydar emI would drive | senaydar ediŋaydar eŋyou would drive | olaydar ediaydar edhe would drive | bizaydar edikaydar ekwe would drive | sizaydar edigizaydar egizyou all would drive | alaaydar edileaydar ellethey would drive |
| Conditional result (would) | menaydamaz edimaydamaz emI wouldn't drive | senaydamaz ediŋaydamaz eŋyou wouldn't drive | olaydamaz ediaydamaz edhe wouldn't drive | bizaydamaz edikaydamaz ekwe wouldn't drive | sizaydamaz edigizaydamaz egizyou all wouldn't drive | alaaydamaz edileaydamaz ellethey wouldn't drive |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaydarıq edimaydarıq emI would have driven | senaydarıq ediŋaydarıq eŋyou would have driven | olaydarıq ediaydarıq edhe would have driven | bizaydarıq edikaydarıq ekwe would have driven | sizaydarıq edigizaydarıq egizyou all would have driven | alaaydarıq edileaydarıq ellethey would have driven |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaydarıq tül edimaydarıq tül emI wouldn't have driven | senaydarıq tül ediŋaydarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have driven | olaydarıq tül ediaydarıq tül edhe wouldn't have driven | bizaydarıq tül edikaydarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have driven | sizaydarıq tül edigizaydarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have driven | alaaydarıq tül edileaydarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have driven |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menaydasamif I drive | senaydasaŋif you drive | olaydasaif he drives | bizaydasaqif we drive | sizaydasağızif you all drive | alaaydasalaif they drive |
| Conditional | menaydamasamif I don't drive | senaydamasaŋif you don't drive | olaydamasaif he doesn't drive | bizaydamasaqif we don't drive | sizaydamasağızif you all don't drive | alaaydamasalaif they don't drive |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menayday esemif I am driving | senayday eseŋif you are driving | olayday eseif he is driving | bizayday esekif we are driving | sizayday esegizif you all are driving | alaayday eseleif they are driving |
| Conditional, present real | menaydamay esemif I am not driving | senaydamay eseŋif you are not driving | olaydamay eseif he is not driving | bizaydamay esekif we are not driving | sizaydamay esegizif you all are not driving | alaaydamay eseleif they are not driving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaydasam ediaydasam edif only I drove | senaydasaŋ ediaydasaŋ edif only you drove | olaydasa ediaydasaedif only he drove | bizaydasaq ediaydasaq edif only we drove | sizaydasağız ediaydasağız edif only you all drove | alaaydasala ediaydasalaedif only they drove |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaydamasam ediaydamasam edif only I didn't drive | senaydamasaŋ ediaydamasaŋ edif only you didn't drive | olaydamasa ediaydamasaedif only he didn't drive | bizaydamasaq ediaydamasaq edif only we didn't drive | sizaydamasağız ediaydamasağız edif only you all didn't drive | alaaydamasala ediaydamasalaedif only they didn't drive |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menaydab tursamif I carry on driving | senaydab tursaŋif you carry on driving | olaydab tursaif he carries on driving | bizaydab tursaqif we carry on driving | sizaydab tursağızif you all carry on driving | alaaydab tursalaif they carry on driving |
| Durative conditional | menaydab turmasamif I don't carry on driving | senaydab turmasaŋif you don't carry on driving | olaydab turmasaif he doesn't carry on driving | bizaydab turmasaqif we don't carry on driving | sizaydab turmasağızif you all don't carry on driving | alaaydab turmasalaif they don't carry on driving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menaydab tura esemif I have kept driving | senaydab tura eseŋif you have kept driving | olaydab tura eseif he has kept driving | bizaydab tura esekif we have kept driving | sizaydab tura esegizif you all have kept driving | alaaydab tura eseleif they have kept driving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menaydab turmay esemif I haven't kept driving | senaydab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept driving | olaydab turmay eseif he hasn't kept driving | bizaydab turmay esekif we haven't kept driving | sizaydab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept driving | alaaydab turmay eseleif they haven't kept driving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menayday tursamif I keep driving | senayday tursaŋif you keep driving | olayday tursaif he keeps driving | bizayday tursaqif we keep driving | sizayday tursağızif you all keep driving | alaayday tursalaif they keep driving |
| Progressive conditional | menaydamay tursamif I keep on not driving | senaydamay tursaŋif you keep on not driving | olaydamay tursaif he keeps on not driving | bizaydamay tursaqif we keep on not driving | sizaydamay tursağızif you all keep on not driving | alaaydamay tursalaif they keep on not driving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayday tura esemif I am in the middle of driving | senayday tura eseŋif you are in the middle of driving | olayday tura eseif he is in the middle of driving | bizayday tura esekif we are in the middle of driving | sizayday tura esegizif you all are in the middle of driving | alaayday tura eseleif they are in the middle of driving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaydamay tura esemif I keep on not driving | senaydamay tura eseŋif you keep on not driving | olaydamay tura eseif he keeps on not driving | bizaydamay tura esekif we keep on not driving | sizaydamay tura esegizif you all keep on not driving | alaaydamay tura eseleif they keep on not driving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaydadım esemif I drove | senaydadıŋ eseŋif you drove | olaydadı eseif he drove | bizaydadıq esekif we drove | sizaydadığız esegizif you all drove | alaaydadıla eseleif they drove |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaydamadım esemif I didn't drive | senaydamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't drive | olaydamadı eseif he didn't drive | bizaydamadıq esekif we didn't drive | sizaydamadığız esegizif you all didn't drive | alaaydamadıla eseleif they didn't drive |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menaydağan esemif I did drive (indeed) | senaydağan eseŋif you did drive (indeed) | olaydağan eseif he did drive (indeed) | bizaydağan esekif we did drive (indeed) | sizaydağan esegizif you all did drive (indeed) | alaaydağan eseleif they did drive (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menaydamağan esemif I didn't drive (indeed) | senaydamağan eseŋif you didn't drive (indeed) | olaydamağan eseif he didn't drive (indeed) | bizaydamağan esekif we didn't drive (indeed) | sizaydamağan esegizif you all didn't drive (indeed) | alaaydamağan eseleif they didn't drive (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaydağan bolsamif I had driven | senaydağan bolsaŋif you had driven | olaydağan bolsaif he had driven | bizaydağan bolsaqif we had driven | sizaydağan bolsağızif you all had driven | alaaydağan bolsalaif they had driven |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaydamağan bolsamif I hadn't driven | senaydamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't driven | olaydamağan bolsaif he hadn't driven | bizaydamağan bolsaqif we hadn't driven | sizaydamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't driven | alaaydamağan bolsalaif they hadn't driven |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaydağan bolsam ediaydağan bolsam edif only I had driven | senaydağan bolsaŋ ediaydağan bolsaŋ edif only you had driven | olaydağan bolsa ediaydağan bolsaedif only he had driven | bizaydağan bolsaq ediaydağan bolsaq edif only we had driven | sizaydağan bolsağız ediaydağan bolsağız edif only you all had driven | alaaydağan bolsala ediaydağan bolsalaedif only they had driven |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaydamağan bolsam ediaydamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't driven | senaydamağan bolsaŋ ediaydamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't driven | olaydamağan bolsa ediaydamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't driven | bizaydamağan bolsaq ediaydamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't driven | sizaydamağan bolsağız ediaydamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't driven | alaaydamağan bolsala ediaydamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't driven |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menaydar esemif I will drive | senaydar eseŋif you will drive | olaydar eseif he will drive | bizaydar esekif we will drive | sizaydar esegizif you all will drive | alaaydar eseleif they will drive |
| Conditional, aorist | menaydamaz esemif I won't drive | senaydamaz eseŋif you won't drive | olaydamaz eseif he won't drive | bizaydamaz esekif we won't drive | sizaydamaz esegizif you all won't drive | alaaydamaz eseleif they won't drive |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menaydarıq esemif I am going to drive | senaydarıq eseŋif you are going to drive | olaydarıq eseif he is going to drive | bizaydarıq esekif we are going to drive | sizaydarıq esegizif you all are going to drive | alaaydarıq eseleif they are going to drive |
| Conditional, future | menaydarıq tül esemif I am not going to drive | senaydarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to drive | olaydarıq tül eseif he is not going to drive | bizaydarıq tül esekif we are not going to drive | sizaydarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to drive | alaaydarıq tül eseleif they are not going to drive |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaydarıq bolsamif I were going to drive | senaydarıq bolsaŋif you were going to drive | olaydarıq bolsaif he were going to drive | bizaydarıq bolsaqif we were going to drive | sizaydarıq bolsağızif you all were going to drive | alaaydarıq bolsalaif they were going to drive |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaydamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to drive | senaydamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to drive | olaydamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to drive | bizaydamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to drive | sizaydamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to drive | alaaydamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to drive |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso aydadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayday bolurmaI must be driving | senayday bolursayou must be driving | olayday bolurhe must be driving | bizayday bolurbuzwe must be driving | sizayday bolursuzyou all must be driving | alaayday bolurlathey must be driving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaydamay bolurmaI must not be driving | senaydamay bolursayou must not be driving | olaydamay bolurhe must not be driving | bizaydamay bolurbuzwe must not be driving | sizaydamay bolursuzyou all must not be driving | alaaydamay bolurlathey must not be driving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayday tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of driving | senayday tura bolursayou must be in the middle of driving | olayday tura bolurhe must be in the middle of driving | bizayday tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of driving | sizayday tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of driving | alaayday tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of driving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaydamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not driving | senaydamay tura bolursayou must keep on not driving | olaydamay tura bolurhe must keep on not driving | bizaydamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not driving | sizaydamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not driving | alaaydamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not driving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menaydağan bolurmaI must have driven | senaydağan bolursayou must have driven | olaydağan bolurhe must have driven | bizaydağan bolurbuzwe must have driven | sizaydağan bolursuzyou all must have driven | alaaydağan bolurlathey must have driven |
| Inference (must have) | menaydamağan bolurmaI must not have driven | senaydamağan bolursayou must not have driven | olaydamağan bolurhe must not have driven | bizaydamağan bolurbuzwe must not have driven | sizaydamağan bolursuzyou all must not have driven | alaaydamağan bolurlathey must not have driven |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaydarıq bolurmaI must be going to drive | senaydarıq bolursayou must be going to drive | olaydarıq bolurhe must be going to drive | bizaydarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to drive | sizaydarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to drive | alaaydarıq bolurlathey must be going to drive |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaydamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to drive | senaydamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to drive | olaydamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to drive | bizaydamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to drive | sizaydamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to drive | alaaydamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to drive |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menaydayımlet me drive | senayda!drive! | olaydasınlet him drive | bizaydayıqlet's drive | sizaydağız!drive, you all! | alaaydasınlalet them drive |
| Commands & suggestions | menaydamayımlet me not drive | senaydama!don't drive! | olaydamasınlet him not drive | bizaydamayıqlet's not drive | sizaydamağız!don't drive, you all! | alaaydamasınlalet them not drive |
| Commands & suggestions | menaydayımmı?shall I drive? | olaydasınmı?should he drive? | bizaydayıqmı?shall we drive? | alaaydasınlamı?should they drive? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menaydamayımmı?shall I not drive? | olaydamasınmı?should he not drive? | bizaydamayıqmı?shall we not drive? | alaaydamasınlamı?should they not drive? | ||
| Requests | senaydaçı2aydaçınplease drive | olaydasınçıdo let him drive | sizaydaçığızplease drive (plural/polite) | alaaydasınlaçıdo let them drive | ||
| Requests | senaydamaçı2aydamaçınplease don't drive | olaydamasınçıdo let him not drive | sizaydamaçığızplease don't drive (plural/polite) | alaaydamasınlaçıdo let them not drive | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaydağınaydağımay you drive | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaydamağınaydamağımay you not drive | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaydağay edim aydağa edimwould that I drove | senaydağay ediŋ aydağa ediŋwould that you drove | olaydağay edi aydağa ediwould that he drove | bizaydağay edik aydağa edikwould that we drove | sizaydağay edigiz aydağa edigizwould that you all drove | alaaydağay edile aydağa edilewould that they drove |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaydamağay edim aydamağa edimwould that I did not drive | senaydamağay ediŋ aydamağa ediŋwould that you did not drive | olaydamağay edi aydamağa ediwould that he did not drive | bizaydamağay edik aydamağa edikwould that we did not drive | sizaydamağay edigiz aydamağa edigizwould that you all did not drive | alaaydamağay edile aydamağa edilewould that they did not drive |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaydamağa qoyayımaydama qoyayımlet me allow someone to drive | senaydamağa qoy!aydama qoy!let someone drive! | olaydamağa qoysunaydama qoysunlet him allow someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoyayıqaydama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoyuğuz!aydama qoyuğuz!let someone drive, you all! | alaaydamağa qoysunlaaydama qoysunlalet them allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaydamağa qoymayımaydama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to drive | senaydamağa qoyma!aydama qoyma!don't let someone drive! | olaydamağa qoymasınaydama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoymayıqaydama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoymağız!aydama qoymağız!don't let someone drive, you all! | alaaydamağa qoymasınlaaydama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaydamağa qoyayımmı?aydama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoysunmu?aydama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoyayıqmı?aydama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoysunlamı?aydama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to drive? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaydamağa qoymayımmı?aydama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoymasınmı?aydama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoymayıqmı?aydama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoymasınlamı?aydama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to drive? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menaydamağa qoyamaaydama qoyamaI allow someone to drive | senaydamağa qoyasaaydama qoyasayou allow someone to drive | olaydamağa qoyadıaydama qoyadıhe allows someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoyabızaydama qoyabızwe allow someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoyasızaydama qoyasızyou all allow someone to drive | alaaydamağa qoyadılaaydama qoyadılathey allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (present) | menaydamağa qoymaymaaydama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to drive | senaydamağa qoymaysaaydama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to drive | olaydamağa qoymaydıaydama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoymaybızaydama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoymaysızaydama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to drive | alaaydamağa qoymaydılaaydama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (present) | menaydamağa qoyamamı?aydama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to drive? | senaydamağa qoyamısa?aydama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoyamıdı?aydama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoyabızmı?aydama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to drive? | sizaydamağa qoyamısız?aydama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoyamıdıla?aydama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (present) | menaydamağa qoymaymamı?aydama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to drive? | senaydamağa qoymaymısa?aydama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoymaymıdı?aydama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoymaybızmı?aydama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to drive? | sizaydamağa qoymaymısız?aydama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoymaymıdıla?aydama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaydamağa qoydumaydama qoydumI allowed someone to drive | senaydamağa qoyduŋaydama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to drive | olaydamağa qoyduaydama qoyduhe allowed someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoyduqaydama qoyduqwe allowed someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoyduğuzaydama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to drive | alaaydamağa qoydulaaydama qoydulathey allowed someone to drive |
| Let someone… (past) | menaydamağa qoymadımaydama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to drive | senaydamağa qoymadıŋaydama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to drive | olaydamağa qoymadıaydama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to drive | bizaydamağa qoymadıqaydama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to drive | sizaydamağa qoymadığızaydama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to drive | alaaydamağa qoymadılaaydama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (past) | menaydamağa qoydummu?aydama qoydummu?did I allow someone to drive? | senaydamağa qoyduŋmu?aydama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoydumu?aydama qoydumu?did he allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoyduqmu?aydama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to drive? | sizaydamağa qoyduğuzmu?aydama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoydulamı?aydama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaydamağa qoymadımmı?aydama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to drive? | senaydamağa qoymadıŋmı?aydama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to drive? | olaydamağa qoymadımı?aydama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to drive? | bizaydamağa qoymadıqmı?aydama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to drive? | sizaydamağa qoymadığızmı?aydama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to drive? | alaaydamağa qoymadılamı?aydama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to drive? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menaydayalamaI can drive | senaydayalasayou can drive | olaydayaladıhe can drive | bizaydayalabızwe can drive | sizaydayalasızyou all can drive | alaaydayaladılathey can drive |
| Ability — present | menaydayalmaymaI can't drive | senaydayalmaysayou can't drive | olaydayalmaydıhe can't drive | bizaydayalmaybızwe can't drive | sizaydayalmaysızyou all can't drive | alaaydayalmaydılathey can't drive |
| Ability — present | menaydayalamamı? aydayalamıma?can I drive? | senaydayalamısa?can you drive? | olaydayalamıdı?can he drive? | bizaydayalabızmı? aydayalamıbız?can we drive? | sizaydayalamısız?can you all drive? | alaaydayalamıdıla?can they drive? |
| Ability — present | menaydayalmaymamı? aydayalmaymıma?can't I drive? | senaydayalmaymısa?can't you drive? | olaydayalmaymıdı?can't he drive? | bizaydayalmaybızmı? aydayalmaymıbız?can't we drive? | sizaydayalmaymısız?can't you all drive? | alaaydayalmaymıdıla?can't they drive? |
| Ability — if I can… | menaydayalsamif I can drive | senaydayalsaŋif you can drive | olaydayalsaif he can drive | bizaydayalsaqif we can drive | sizaydayalsağızif you all can drive | alaaydayalsalaif they can drive |
| Ability — if I can… | menaydayalmasamif I can't drive | senaydayalmasaŋif you can't drive | olaydayalmasaif he can't drive | bizaydayalmasaqif we can't drive | sizaydayalmasağızif you all can't drive | alaaydayalmasalaif they can't drive |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menaydayaldımI was able to drive | senaydayaldıŋyou were able to drive | olaydayaldıhe was able to drive | bizaydayaldıqwe were able to drive | sizaydayaldığızyou all were able to drive | alaaydayaldılathey were able to drive |
| Ability — simple past | menaydayalmadımI could not drive | senaydayalmadıŋyou could not drive | olaydayalmadıhe could not drive | bizaydayalmadıqwe could not drive | sizaydayalmadığızyou all could not drive | alaaydayalmadılathey could not drive |
| Ability — simple past | menaydayaldımmı?was I able to drive? | senaydayaldıŋmı?were you able to drive? | olaydayaldımı?was he able to drive? | bizaydayaldıqmı?were we able to drive? | sizaydayaldığızmı?were you all able to drive? | alaaydayaldılamı?were they able to drive? |
| Ability — simple past | menaydayalmadımmı?couldn't I drive? | senaydayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you drive? | olaydayalmadımı?couldn't he drive? | bizaydayalmadıqmı?couldn't we drive? | sizaydayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all drive? | alaaydayalmadılamı?couldn't they drive? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaydayalğanmaI have been able to drive | senaydayalğansayou have been able to drive | olaydayalğandıhe has been able to drive | bizaydayalğanbızwe have been able to drive | sizaydayalğansızyou all have been able to drive | alaaydayalğandılathey have been able to drive |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaydayalmağanmaI haven't been able to drive | senaydayalmağansayou haven't been able to drive | olaydayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to drive | bizaydayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to drive | sizaydayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to drive | alaaydayalmağandılathey haven't been able to drive |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaydayalğanmamı? aydayalğanmıma?have I been able to drive? | senaydayalğanmısa?have you been able to drive? | olaydayalğanmıdı?has he been able to drive? | bizaydayalğanbızmı? aydayalğanmıbız?have we been able to drive? | sizaydayalğanmısız?have you all been able to drive? | alaaydayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to drive? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaydayalmağanmamı? aydayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to drive? | senaydayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to drive? | olaydayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to drive? | bizaydayalmağanbızmı? aydayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to drive? | sizaydayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to drive? | alaaydayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to drive? |
| Ability — past perfect | menaydayalğan edimaydayalğanemI had been able to drive | senaydayalğan ediŋaydayalğaneŋyou had been able to drive | olaydayalğan ediaydayalğanedhe had been able to drive | bizaydayalğan edikaydayalğanekwe had been able to drive | sizaydayalğan edigizaydayalğanegizyou all had been able to drive | alaaydayalğan edileaydayalğanellethey had been able to drive |
| Ability — past perfect | menaydayalmağan edimaydayalmağanemI hadn't been able to drive | senaydayalmağan ediŋaydayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to drive | olaydayalmağan ediaydayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to drive | bizaydayalmağan edikaydayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to drive | sizaydayalmağan edigizaydayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to drive | alaaydayalmağan edileaydayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to drive |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menaydayala edimaydayalaemI could drive | senaydayala ediŋaydayalaeŋyou could drive | olaydayala ediaydayalaedhe could drive | bizaydayala edikaydayalaekwe could drive | sizaydayala edigizaydayalaegizyou all could drive | alaaydayala edileaydayalaellethey could drive |
| Ability — past background | menaydayalmay edimaydayalmayemI could not drive | senaydayalmay ediŋaydayalmayeŋyou could not drive | olaydayalmay ediaydayalmayedhe could not drive | bizaydayalmay edikaydayalmayekwe could not drive | sizaydayalmay edigizaydayalmayegizyou all could not drive | alaaydayalmay edileaydayalmayellethey could not drive |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menaydayalırmaI will be able to drive | senaydayalırsayou will be able to drive | olaydayalırhe will be able to drive | bizaydayalırbızwe will be able to drive | sizaydayalırsızyou all will be able to drive | alaaydayalırlathey will be able to drive |
| Ability — future I | menaydayalmazmaI won't be able to drive | senaydayalmazsayou won't be able to drive | olaydayalmazhe won't be able to drive | bizaydayalmazbızwe won't be able to drive | sizaydayalmazsızyou all won't be able to drive | alaaydayalmazlathey won't be able to drive |
| Ability — future I | menaydayalırmamı? aydayalırmıma?will I be able to drive? | senaydayalırmısa?will you be able to drive? | olaydayalırmı?will he be able to drive? | bizaydayalırbızmı? aydayalırmıbız?will we be able to drive? | sizaydayalırmısız?will you all be able to drive? | alaaydayalırlamı? aydayalırmıla?will they be able to drive? |
| Ability — future I | menaydayalmazmamı? aydayalmazmıma?won't I be able to drive? | senaydayalmazmısa?won't you be able to drive? | olaydayalmazmı?won't he be able to drive? | bizaydayalmazbızmı? aydayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to drive? | sizaydayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to drive? | alaaydayalmazlamı? aydayalmazmıla?won't they be able to drive? |
| Ability — future II | menaydayallıqmaI am going to be able to drive | senaydayallıqsayou are going to be able to drive | olaydayallıqdıhe is going to be able to drive | bizaydayallıqbızwe are going to be able to drive | sizaydayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to drive | alaaydayallıqdılathey are going to be able to drive |
| Ability — future II | menaydayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to drive | senaydayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to drive | olaydayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to drive | bizaydayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to drive | sizaydayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to drive | alaaydayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to drive |
| Ability — future II | menaydayallıqmamı? aydayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to drive? | senaydayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to drive? | olaydayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to drive? | bizaydayallıqbızmı? aydayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to drive? | sizaydayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to drive? | alaaydayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to drive? |
| Ability — future II | menaydayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to drive? | senaydayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to drive? | olaydayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to drive? | bizaydayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to drive? | sizaydayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to drive? | alaaydayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to drive? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaydayalır edimaydayalır emI would be able to drive | senaydayalır ediŋaydayalır eŋyou would be able to drive | olaydayalır ediaydayalır edhe would be able to drive | bizaydayalır edikaydayalır ekwe would be able to drive | sizaydayalır edigizaydayalır egizyou all would be able to drive | alaaydayalır edileaydayalır ellethey would be able to drive |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaydayalmaz edimaydayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to drive | senaydayalmaz ediŋaydayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to drive | olaydayalmaz ediaydayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to drive | bizaydayalmaz edikaydayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to drive | sizaydayalmaz edigizaydayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to drive | alaaydayalmaz edileaydayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to drive |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaydayalğınaydayalğımay you be able to drive | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaydayalmağınaydayalmağımay you not be able to drive | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menaydarğa izleymeI want to drive | senaydarğa izleyseyou want to drive | olaydarğa izleydihe wants to drive | bizaydarğa izleybizwe want to drive | sizaydarğa izleysizyou all want to drive | alaaydarğa izleydilethey want to drive |
| want to | menaydarğa izlemeymeI do not want to drive | senaydarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to drive | olaydarğa izlemeydihe does not want to drive | bizaydarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to drive | sizaydarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to drive | alaaydarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to drive |
| would like to | menaydarğa süemeI would like to drive | senaydarğa süeseyou would like to drive | olaydarğa süedihe would like to drive | bizaydarğa süebizwe would like to drive | sizaydarğa süesizyou all would like to drive | alaaydarğa süedilethey would like to drive |
| would like to | menaydarğa süymeymeI would not like to drive | senaydarğa süymeyseyou would not like to drive | olaydarğa süymeydihe would not like to drive | bizaydarğa süymeybizwe would not like to drive | sizaydarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to drive | alaaydarğa süymeydilethey would not like to drive |
| hope to | menaydarğa umutlanamaI hope to drive | senaydarğa umutlanasayou hope to drive | olaydarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to drive | bizaydarğa umutlanabızwe hope to drive | sizaydarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to drive | alaaydarğa umutlanadılathey hope to drive |
| hope to | menaydarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to drive | senaydarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to drive | olaydarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to drive | bizaydarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to drive | sizaydarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to drive | alaaydarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to drive |
| be about to | menaydarğa deb turamaI am about to drive | senaydarğa deb turasayou are about to drive | olaydarğa deb turadıhe is about to drive | bizaydarğa deb turabızwe are about to drive | sizaydarğa deb turasızyou all are about to drive | alaaydarğa deb turadılathey are about to drive |
| be about to | menaydarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to drive | senaydarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to drive | olaydarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to drive | bizaydarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to drive | sizaydarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to drive | alaaydarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to drive |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menaydarğa kerekmeI need to drive | senaydarğa kerekseyou need to drive | olaydarğa kerekdihe needs to drive | bizaydarğa kerekbizwe need to drive | sizaydarğa kereksizyou all need to drive | alaaydarğa kerekdilethey need to drive |
| need to | menaydarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to drive | senaydarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to drive | olaydarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to drive | bizaydarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to drive | sizaydarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to drive | alaaydarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to drive |
| have to | menmenŋe aydarğa tüşediI have to drive | sensenŋe aydarğa tüşediyou have to drive | olaŋa aydarğa tüşedihe has to drive | bizbizge aydarğa tüşediwe have to drive | sizsizge aydarğa tüşediyou all have to drive | alaalağa aydarğa tüşedithey have to drive |
| have to | menmenŋe aydarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to drive | sensenŋe aydarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to drive | olaŋa aydarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to drive | bizbizge aydarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to drive | sizsizge aydarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to drive | alaalağa aydarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to drive |
| be obliged to | menaydarğa borçlumaI am obliged to drive | senaydarğa borçlusayou are obliged to drive | olaydarğa borçluduhe is obliged to drive | bizaydarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to drive | sizaydarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to drive | alaaydarğa borçludulathey are obliged to drive |
| be obliged to | menaydarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to drive | senaydarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to drive | olaydarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to drive | bizaydarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to drive | sizaydarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to drive | alaaydarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to drive |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menaydarğa madarım bardıI have a way to drive | senaydarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to drive | olaydarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to drive | bizaydarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to drive | sizaydarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to drive | alaaydarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to drive |
| have a way to | menaydarğa madarım joqduI have no way to drive | senaydarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to drive | olaydarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to drive | bizaydarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to drive | sizaydarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to drive | alaaydarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to drive |
| be free to | menaydarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to drive | senaydarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to drive | olaydarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to drive | bizaydarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to drive | sizaydarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to drive | alaaydarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to drive |
| be free to | menaydarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to drive | senaydarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to drive | olaydarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to drive | bizaydarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to drive | sizaydarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to drive | alaaydarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to drive |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to drive | sensenŋe aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to drive | olaŋa aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to drive | bizbizge aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to drive | sizsizge aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to drive | alaalağa aydarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to drive |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to drive | sensenŋe aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to drive | olaŋa aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to drive | bizbizge aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to drive | sizsizge aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to drive | alaalağa aydarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to drive |
| be ready to | menaydarğa hazırmaI am ready to drive | senaydarğa hazırsayou are ready to drive | olaydarğa hazırdıhe is ready to drive | bizaydarğa hazırbızwe are ready to drive | sizaydarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to drive | alaaydarğa hazırdılathey are ready to drive |
| be ready to | menaydarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to drive | senaydarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to drive | olaydarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to drive | bizaydarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to drive | sizaydarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to drive | alaaydarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to drive |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menaydarğa küreşemeI am trying to drive | senaydarğa küreşeseyou are trying to drive | olaydarğa küreşedihe is trying to drive | bizaydarğa küreşebizwe are trying to drive | sizaydarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to drive | alaaydarğa küreşedilethey are trying to drive |
| try to | menaydarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to drive | senaydarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to drive | olaydarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to drive | bizaydarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to drive | sizaydarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to drive | alaaydarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to drive |
| agree to | menaydarğa unaymaI agree to drive | senaydarğa unaysayou agree to drive | olaydarğa unaydıhe agrees to drive | bizaydarğa unaybızwe agree to drive | sizaydarğa unaysızyou all agree to drive | alaaydarğa unaydılathey agree to drive |
| agree to | menaydarğa unamaymaI refuse to drive | senaydarğa unamaysayou refuse to drive | olaydarğa unamaydıhe refuses to drive | bizaydarğa unamaybızwe refuse to drive | sizaydarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to drive | alaaydarğa unamaydılathey refuse to drive |
| hurry to | menaydarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to drive | senaydarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to drive | olaydarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to drive | bizaydarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to drive | sizaydarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to drive | alaaydarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to drive |
| hurry to | menaydarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to drive | senaydarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to drive | olaydarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to drive | bizaydarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to drive | sizaydarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to drive | alaaydarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to drive |
| be afraid to | menaydarğa qorqamaI am afraid to drive | senaydarğa qorqasayou are afraid to drive | olaydarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to drive | bizaydarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to drive | sizaydarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to drive | alaaydarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to drive |
| be afraid to | menaydarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to drive | senaydarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to drive | olaydarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to drive | bizaydarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to drive | sizaydarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to drive | alaaydarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to drive |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menayday bolmazmaI can't be driving | senayday bolmazsayou can't be driving | olayday bolmazhe can't be driving | bizayday bolmazbızwe can't be driving | sizayday bolmazsızyou all can't be driving | alaayday bolmazlathey can't be driving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menaydamay bolmazmaI must be driving (emphatic) | senaydamay bolmazsayou must be driving (emphatic) | olaydamay bolmazhe must be driving (emphatic) | bizaydamay bolmazbızwe must be driving (emphatic) | sizaydamay bolmazsızyou all must be driving (emphatic) | alaaydamay bolmazlathey must be driving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menayday turmasamif I don't keep driving | senayday turmasaŋif you don't keep driving | olayday turmasaif he doesn't keep driving | bizayday turmasaqif we don't keep driving | sizayday turmasağızif you all don't keep driving | alaayday turmasalaif they don't keep driving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menayday tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of driving | senayday tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of driving | olayday tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of driving | bizayday tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of driving | sizayday tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of driving | alaayday tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of driving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menaydamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not driving (emphatic) | senaydamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not driving (emphatic) | olaydamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not driving (emphatic) | bizaydamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not driving (emphatic) | sizaydamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not driving (emphatic) | alaaydamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not driving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menaydamay turamaI keep on not driving | senaydamay turasayou keep on not driving | olaydamay turadıhe keeps on not driving | bizaydamay turabızwe keep on not driving | sizaydamay turasızyou all keep on not driving | alaaydamay turadılathey keep on not driving |
| Progressive — double negation | menaydamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not driving | senaydamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not driving | olaydamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not driving | bizaydamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not driving | sizaydamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not driving | alaaydamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not driving |
| Progressive — double negation | menaydamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not driving? | senaydamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not driving? | olaydamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not driving? | bizaydamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not driving? | sizaydamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not driving? | alaaydamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not driving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menaydağan bolmazmaI can't have driven | senaydağan bolmazsayou can't have driven | olaydağan bolmazhe can't have driven | bizaydağan bolmazbızwe can't have driven | sizaydağan bolmazsızyou all can't have driven | alaaydağan bolmazlathey can't have driven |
| Inference — double negation | menaydamağan bolmazmaI must have driven (emphatic) | senaydamağan bolmazsayou must have driven (emphatic) | olaydamağan bolmazhe must have driven (emphatic) | bizaydamağan bolmazbızwe must have driven (emphatic) | sizaydamağan bolmazsızyou all must have driven (emphatic) | alaaydamağan bolmazlathey must have driven (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menaydağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had driven | senaydağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had driven | olaydağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had driven | bizaydağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had driven | sizaydağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had driven | alaaydağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had driven |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menaydamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't driven | senaydamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't driven | olaydamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't driven | bizaydamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't driven | sizaydamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't driven | alaaydamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't driven |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menaydarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to drive | senaydarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to drive | olaydarıq bolmazhe can't be going to drive | bizaydarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to drive | sizaydarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to drive | alaaydarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to drive |
| Inference, future — double negation | menaydamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to drive (emphatic) | senaydamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to drive (emphatic) | olaydamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to drive (emphatic) | bizaydamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to drive (emphatic) | sizaydamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to drive (emphatic) | alaaydamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to drive (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menaydarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to drive | senaydarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to drive | olaydarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to drive | bizaydarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to drive | sizaydarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to drive | alaaydarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to drive |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menaydamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to drive | senaydamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to drive | olaydamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to drive | bizaydamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to drive | sizaydamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to drive | alaaydamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to drive |