ayawlarğa
/ajawlarʁa/
spare, have pity on; take care of, use with care
- atnı ayawla — spare the horse
- men kiyimimi ayawlayma — I take care of my clothes
- ol atın ayawladı — he spared his horse
Conjugation
Common forms
- ayawlaydıhe is sparing
- ayawladıhe spared
- ayawlağandıhe has spared
- ayawlarhe will spare
- ayawlarıqdıhe is going to spare
- ayawlay edihe was sparing
- ayawlasaif he spares
- ayawla!spare!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayawlaymaI am sparing | senayawlaysayou are sparing | olayawlaydıhe is sparing | bizayawlaybızwe are sparing | sizayawlaysızyou all are sparing | alaayawlaydılathey are sparing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayawlamaymaI am not sparing | senayawlamaysayou are not sparing | olayawlamaydıhe is not sparing | bizayawlamaybızwe are not sparing | sizayawlamaysızyou all are not sparing | alaayawlamaydılathey are not sparing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayawlaymamı? ayawlaymıma?am I sparing? | senayawlaymısa?are you sparing? | olayawlaymıdı?is he sparing? | bizayawlaybızmı? ayawlaymıbız?are we sparing? | sizayawlaymısız?are you all sparing? | alaayawlaymıdıla?are they sparing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayawlamaymamı? ayawlamaymıma?aren't I sparing? | senayawlamaymısa?aren't you sparing? | olayawlamaymıdı?isn't he sparing? | bizayawlamaybızmı? ayawlamaymıbız?aren't we sparing? | sizayawlamaymısız?aren't you all sparing? | alaayawlamaymıdıla?aren't they sparing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawlawçanmaI usually spare | senayawlawçansayou usually spare | olayawlawçandıhe usually spares | bizayawlawçanbızwe usually spare | sizayawlawçansızyou all usually spare | alaayawlawçandılathey usually spare |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawlamawçanmaI usually don't spare | senayawlamawçansayou usually don't spare | olayawlamawçandıhe usually doesn't spare | bizayawlamawçanbızwe usually don't spare | sizayawlamawçansızyou all usually don't spare | alaayawlamawçandılathey usually don't spare |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawlawçanmamı? ayawlawçanmıma?do I usually spare? | senayawlawçanmısa?do you usually spare? | olayawlawçanmıdı?does he usually spare? | bizayawlawçanbızmı? ayawlawçanmıbız?do we usually spare? | sizayawlawçanmısız?do you all usually spare? | alaayawlawçanmıdıla?do they usually spare? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawlamawçanmamı? ayawlamawçanmıma?do I usually not spare? | senayawlamawçanmısa?do you usually not spare? | olayawlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not spare? | bizayawlamawçanbızmı? ayawlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not spare? | sizayawlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not spare? | alaayawlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spare? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olayawlabdıhe has spared and remains so | alaayawlabdılathey have spared and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olayawlabmıdı?has he spared? | alaayawlabmıdıla?have they spared? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayawlab turamaI keep sparing | senayawlab turasayou keep sparing | olayawlab turadıhe keeps sparing | bizayawlab turabızwe keep sparing | sizayawlab turasızyou all keep sparing | alaayawlab turadılathey keep sparing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayawlab turmaymaI don't keep sparing | senayawlab turmaysayou don't keep sparing | olayawlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep sparing | bizayawlab turmaybızwe don't keep sparing | sizayawlab turmaysızyou all don't keep sparing | alaayawlab turmaydılathey don't keep sparing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayawlab turamamı? ayawlab turamıma?do I keep sparing? | senayawlab turamısa?do you keep sparing? | olayawlab turamıdı?does he keep sparing? | bizayawlab turabızmı? ayawlab turamıbız?do we keep sparing? | sizayawlab turamısız?do you all keep sparing? | alaayawlab turamıdıla?do they keep sparing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayawlab turmaymamı? ayawlab turmaymıma?don't I keep sparing? | senayawlab turmaymısa?don't you keep sparing? | olayawlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sparing? | bizayawlab turmaybızmı? ayawlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep sparing? | sizayawlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep sparing? | alaayawlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sparing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayawlay turamaI am in the middle of sparing | senayawlay turasayou are in the middle of sparing | olayawlay turadıhe is in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay turabızwe are in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay turasızyou all are in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay turadılathey are in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayawlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of sparing | senayawlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of sparing | olayawlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayawlay turamamı? ayawlay turamıma?am I in the middle of sparing? | senayawlay turamısa?are you in the middle of sparing? | olayawlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of sparing? | bizayawlay turabızmı? ayawlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of sparing? | sizayawlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of sparing? | alaayawlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sparing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayawlay turmaymamı? ayawlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sparing? | senayawlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sparing? | olayawlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sparing? | bizayawlay turmaybızmı? ayawlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sparing? | sizayawlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sparing? | alaayawlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sparing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menayawladımI spared | senayawladıŋyou spared | olayawladıhe spared | bizayawladıqwe spared | sizayawladığızyou all spared | alaayawladılathey spared |
| Simple past (definite) | menayawlamadımI didn't spare | senayawlamadıŋyou didn't spare | olayawlamadıhe didn't spare | bizayawlamadıqwe didn't spare | sizayawlamadığızyou all didn't spare | alaayawlamadılathey didn't spare |
| Simple past (definite) | menayawladımmı?did I spare? | senayawladıŋmı?did you spare? | olayawladımı?did he spare? | bizayawladıqmı?did we spare? | sizayawladığızmı?did you all spare? | alaayawladılamı?did they spare? |
| Simple past (definite) | menayawlamadımmı?didn't I spare? | senayawlamadıŋmı?didn't you spare? | olayawlamadımı?didn't he spare? | bizayawlamadıqmı?didn't we spare? | sizayawlamadığızmı?didn't you all spare? | alaayawlamadılamı?didn't they spare? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayawlağanmaI have spared | senayawlağansayou have spared | olayawlağandıhe has spared | bizayawlağanbızwe have spared | sizayawlağansızyou all have spared | alaayawlağandılathey have spared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayawlamağanmaI haven't spared | senayawlamağansayou haven't spared | olayawlamağandıhe hasn't spared | bizayawlamağanbızwe haven't spared | sizayawlamağansızyou all haven't spared | alaayawlamağandılathey haven't spared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayawlağanmamı? ayawlağanmıma?have I spared? | senayawlağanmısa?have you spared? | olayawlağanmıdı?has he spared? | bizayawlağanbızmı? ayawlağanmıbız?have we spared? | sizayawlağanmısız?have you all spared? | alaayawlağanmıdıla?have they spared? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayawlamağanmamı? ayawlamağanmıma?haven't I spared? | senayawlamağanmısa?haven't you spared? | olayawlamağanmıdı?hasn't he spared? | bizayawlamağanbızmı? ayawlamağanmıbız?haven't we spared? | sizayawlamağanmısız?haven't you all spared? | alaayawlamağanmıdıla?haven't they spared? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menayawlab turdumI kept sparing | senayawlab turduŋyou kept sparing | olayawlab turduhe kept sparing | bizayawlab turduqwe kept sparing | sizayawlab turduğuzyou all kept sparing | alaayawlab turdulathey kept sparing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menayawlab turmadımI didn't keep sparing | senayawlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep sparing | olayawlab turmadıhe didn't keep sparing | bizayawlab turmadıqwe didn't keep sparing | sizayawlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep sparing | alaayawlab turmadılathey didn't keep sparing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayawlarmaI will spare | senayawlarsayou will spare | olayawlarhe will spare | bizayawlarbızwe will spare | sizayawlarsızyou all will spare | alaayawlarlathey will spare |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayawlamazmaI won't spare | senayawlamazsayou won't spare | olayawlamazhe won't spare | bizayawlamazbızwe won't spare | sizayawlamazsızyou all won't spare | alaayawlamazlathey won't spare |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayawlarmamı? ayawlarmıma?will I spare? | senayawlarmısa?will you spare? | olayawlarmı?will he spare? | bizayawlarbızmı? ayawlarmıbız?will we spare? | sizayawlarmısız?will you all spare? | alaayawlarlamı? ayawlarmıla?will they spare? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayawlamazmamı? ayawlamazmıma?won't I spare? | senayawlamazmısa?won't you spare? | olayawlamazmı?won't he spare? | bizayawlamazbızmı? ayawlamazmıbız?won't we spare? | sizayawlamazmısız?won't you all spare? | alaayawlamazlamı? ayawlamazmıla?won't they spare? |
| Definite future (future II) | menayawlarıqmaI am going to spare | senayawlarıqsayou are going to spare | olayawlarıqdıhe is going to spare | bizayawlarıqbızwe are going to spare | sizayawlarıqsızyou all are going to spare | alaayawlarıqdılathey are going to spare |
| Definite future (future II) | menayawlarıq tülmeI am not going to spare | senayawlarıq tülseyou are not going to spare | olayawlarıq tüldühe is not going to spare | bizayawlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spare | sizayawlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spare | alaayawlarıq tüldülethey are not going to spare |
| Definite future (future II) | menayawlarıqmamı? ayawlarıqmıma?am I going to spare? | senayawlarıqmısa?are you going to spare? | olayawlarıqmıdı?is he going to spare? | bizayawlarıqbızmı? ayawlarıqmıbız?are we going to spare? | sizayawlarıqmısız?are you all going to spare? | alaayawlarıqmıdıla?are they going to spare? |
| Definite future (future II) | menayawlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spare? | senayawlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spare? | olayawlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spare? | bizayawlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spare? | sizayawlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spare? | alaayawlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spare? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menayawlağan edimayawlağanemI had spared | senayawlağan ediŋayawlağaneŋyou had spared | olayawlağan ediayawlağanedhe had spared | bizayawlağan edikayawlağanekwe had spared | sizayawlağan edigizayawlağanegizyou all had spared | alaayawlağan edileayawlağanellethey had spared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menayawlamağan edimayawlamağanemI hadn't spared | senayawlamağan ediŋayawlamağaneŋyou hadn't spared | olayawlamağan ediayawlamağanedhe hadn't spared | bizayawlamağan edikayawlamağanekwe hadn't spared | sizayawlamağan edigizayawlamağanegizyou all hadn't spared | alaayawlamağan edileayawlamağanellethey hadn't spared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayawlay edimayawlayemI was sparing | senayawlay ediŋayawlayeŋyou were sparing | olayawlay ediayawlayedhe was sparing | bizayawlay edikayawlayekwe were sparing | sizayawlay edigizayawlayegizyou all were sparing | alaayawlay edileayawlayellethey were sparing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayawlamay edimayawlamayemI wasn't sparing | senayawlamay ediŋayawlamayeŋyou weren't sparing | olayawlamay ediayawlamayedhe wasn't sparing | bizayawlamay edikayawlamayekwe weren't sparing | sizayawlamay edigizayawlamayegizyou all weren't sparing | alaayawlamay edileayawlamayellethey weren't sparing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menayawlawçan edimayawlawçanemI used to spare | senayawlawçan ediŋayawlawçaneŋyou used to spare | olayawlawçan ediayawlawçanedhe used to spare | bizayawlawçan edikayawlawçanekwe used to spare | sizayawlawçan edigizayawlawçanegizyou all used to spare | alaayawlawçan edileayawlawçanellethey used to spare |
| Habitual past (used to) | menayawlamawçan edimayawlamawçanemI didn't use to spare | senayawlamawçan ediŋayawlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to spare | olayawlamawçan ediayawlamawçanedhe didn't use to spare | bizayawlamawçan edikayawlamawçanekwe didn't use to spare | sizayawlamawçan edigizayawlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to spare | alaayawlamawçan edileayawlamawçanellethey didn't use to spare |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olayawlab edihe had spared and remained so | alaayawlab edilethey had spared and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olayawlab tül edihe hadn't spared | alaayawlab tül edilethey hadn't spared | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menayawlab tura edimayawlab turaemI had kept sparing | senayawlab tura ediŋayawlab turaeŋyou had kept sparing | olayawlab tura ediayawlab turaedhe had kept sparing | bizayawlab tura edikayawlab turaekwe had kept sparing | sizayawlab tura edigizayawlab turaegizyou all had kept sparing | alaayawlab tura edileayawlab turaellethey had kept sparing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menayawlab turmay edimayawlab turmayemI hadn't kept sparing | senayawlab turmay ediŋayawlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sparing | olayawlab turmay ediayawlab turmayedhe hadn't kept sparing | bizayawlab turmay edikayawlab turmayekwe hadn't kept sparing | sizayawlab turmay edigizayawlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sparing | alaayawlab turmay edileayawlab turmayellethey hadn't kept sparing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayawlay tura edimayawlay turaemI was in the middle of sparing | senayawlay tura ediŋayawlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of sparing | olayawlay tura ediayawlay turaedhe was in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay tura edikayawlay turaekwe were in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay tura edigizayawlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay tura edileayawlay turaellethey were in the middle of sparing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayawlay turmay edimayawlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sparing | senayawlay turmay ediŋayawlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sparing | olayawlay turmay ediayawlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay turmay edikayawlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay turmay edigizayawlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay turmay edileayawlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sparing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menayawlar edimayawlar emI would spare | senayawlar ediŋayawlar eŋyou would spare | olayawlar ediayawlar edhe would spare | bizayawlar edikayawlar ekwe would spare | sizayawlar edigizayawlar egizyou all would spare | alaayawlar edileayawlar ellethey would spare |
| Conditional result (would) | menayawlamaz edimayawlamaz emI wouldn't spare | senayawlamaz ediŋayawlamaz eŋyou wouldn't spare | olayawlamaz ediayawlamaz edhe wouldn't spare | bizayawlamaz edikayawlamaz ekwe wouldn't spare | sizayawlamaz edigizayawlamaz egizyou all wouldn't spare | alaayawlamaz edileayawlamaz ellethey wouldn't spare |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menayawlarıq edimayawlarıq emI would have spared | senayawlarıq ediŋayawlarıq eŋyou would have spared | olayawlarıq ediayawlarıq edhe would have spared | bizayawlarıq edikayawlarıq ekwe would have spared | sizayawlarıq edigizayawlarıq egizyou all would have spared | alaayawlarıq edileayawlarıq ellethey would have spared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menayawlarıq tül edimayawlarıq tül emI wouldn't have spared | senayawlarıq tül ediŋayawlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spared | olayawlarıq tül ediayawlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spared | bizayawlarıq tül edikayawlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spared | sizayawlarıq tül edigizayawlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spared | alaayawlarıq tül edileayawlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menayawlasamif I spare | senayawlasaŋif you spare | olayawlasaif he spares | bizayawlasaqif we spare | sizayawlasağızif you all spare | alaayawlasalaif they spare |
| Conditional | menayawlamasamif I don't spare | senayawlamasaŋif you don't spare | olayawlamasaif he doesn't spare | bizayawlamasaqif we don't spare | sizayawlamasağızif you all don't spare | alaayawlamasalaif they don't spare |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menayawlay esemif I am sparing | senayawlay eseŋif you are sparing | olayawlay eseif he is sparing | bizayawlay esekif we are sparing | sizayawlay esegizif you all are sparing | alaayawlay eseleif they are sparing |
| Conditional, present real | menayawlamay esemif I am not sparing | senayawlamay eseŋif you are not sparing | olayawlamay eseif he is not sparing | bizayawlamay esekif we are not sparing | sizayawlamay esegizif you all are not sparing | alaayawlamay eseleif they are not sparing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menayawlasam ediayawlasam edif only I spared | senayawlasaŋ ediayawlasaŋ edif only you spared | olayawlasa ediayawlasaedif only he spared | bizayawlasaq ediayawlasaq edif only we spared | sizayawlasağız ediayawlasağız edif only you all spared | alaayawlasala ediayawlasalaedif only they spared |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menayawlamasam ediayawlamasam edif only I didn't spare | senayawlamasaŋ ediayawlamasaŋ edif only you didn't spare | olayawlamasa ediayawlamasaedif only he didn't spare | bizayawlamasaq ediayawlamasaq edif only we didn't spare | sizayawlamasağız ediayawlamasağız edif only you all didn't spare | alaayawlamasala ediayawlamasalaedif only they didn't spare |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menayawlab tursamif I carry on sparing | senayawlab tursaŋif you carry on sparing | olayawlab tursaif he carries on sparing | bizayawlab tursaqif we carry on sparing | sizayawlab tursağızif you all carry on sparing | alaayawlab tursalaif they carry on sparing |
| Durative conditional | menayawlab turmasamif I don't carry on sparing | senayawlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on sparing | olayawlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on sparing | bizayawlab turmasaqif we don't carry on sparing | sizayawlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on sparing | alaayawlab turmasalaif they don't carry on sparing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menayawlab tura esemif I have kept sparing | senayawlab tura eseŋif you have kept sparing | olayawlab tura eseif he has kept sparing | bizayawlab tura esekif we have kept sparing | sizayawlab tura esegizif you all have kept sparing | alaayawlab tura eseleif they have kept sparing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menayawlab turmay esemif I haven't kept sparing | senayawlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sparing | olayawlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept sparing | bizayawlab turmay esekif we haven't kept sparing | sizayawlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sparing | alaayawlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept sparing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menayawlay tursamif I keep sparing | senayawlay tursaŋif you keep sparing | olayawlay tursaif he keeps sparing | bizayawlay tursaqif we keep sparing | sizayawlay tursağızif you all keep sparing | alaayawlay tursalaif they keep sparing |
| Progressive conditional | menayawlamay tursamif I keep on not sparing | senayawlamay tursaŋif you keep on not sparing | olayawlamay tursaif he keeps on not sparing | bizayawlamay tursaqif we keep on not sparing | sizayawlamay tursağızif you all keep on not sparing | alaayawlamay tursalaif they keep on not sparing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayawlay tura esemif I am in the middle of sparing | senayawlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sparing | olayawlay tura eseif he is in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay tura esekif we are in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayawlamay tura esemif I keep on not sparing | senayawlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not sparing | olayawlamay tura eseif he keeps on not sparing | bizayawlamay tura esekif we keep on not sparing | sizayawlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not sparing | alaayawlamay tura eseleif they keep on not sparing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menayawladım esemif I spared | senayawladıŋ eseŋif you spared | olayawladı eseif he spared | bizayawladıq esekif we spared | sizayawladığız esegizif you all spared | alaayawladıla eseleif they spared |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menayawlamadım esemif I didn't spare | senayawlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spare | olayawlamadı eseif he didn't spare | bizayawlamadıq esekif we didn't spare | sizayawlamadığız esegizif you all didn't spare | alaayawlamadıla eseleif they didn't spare |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menayawlağan esemif I did spare (indeed) | senayawlağan eseŋif you did spare (indeed) | olayawlağan eseif he did spare (indeed) | bizayawlağan esekif we did spare (indeed) | sizayawlağan esegizif you all did spare (indeed) | alaayawlağan eseleif they did spare (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menayawlamağan esemif I didn't spare (indeed) | senayawlamağan eseŋif you didn't spare (indeed) | olayawlamağan eseif he didn't spare (indeed) | bizayawlamağan esekif we didn't spare (indeed) | sizayawlamağan esegizif you all didn't spare (indeed) | alaayawlamağan eseleif they didn't spare (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menayawlağan bolsamif I had spared | senayawlağan bolsaŋif you had spared | olayawlağan bolsaif he had spared | bizayawlağan bolsaqif we had spared | sizayawlağan bolsağızif you all had spared | alaayawlağan bolsalaif they had spared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menayawlamağan bolsamif I hadn't spared | senayawlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spared | olayawlamağan bolsaif he hadn't spared | bizayawlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't spared | sizayawlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spared | alaayawlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't spared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menayawlağan bolsam ediayawlağan bolsam edif only I had spared | senayawlağan bolsaŋ ediayawlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had spared | olayawlağan bolsa ediayawlağan bolsaedif only he had spared | bizayawlağan bolsaq ediayawlağan bolsaq edif only we had spared | sizayawlağan bolsağız ediayawlağan bolsağız edif only you all had spared | alaayawlağan bolsala ediayawlağan bolsalaedif only they had spared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menayawlamağan bolsam ediayawlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spared | senayawlamağan bolsaŋ ediayawlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spared | olayawlamağan bolsa ediayawlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spared | bizayawlamağan bolsaq ediayawlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spared | sizayawlamağan bolsağız ediayawlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spared | alaayawlamağan bolsala ediayawlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menayawlar esemif I will spare | senayawlar eseŋif you will spare | olayawlar eseif he will spare | bizayawlar esekif we will spare | sizayawlar esegizif you all will spare | alaayawlar eseleif they will spare |
| Conditional, aorist | menayawlamaz esemif I won't spare | senayawlamaz eseŋif you won't spare | olayawlamaz eseif he won't spare | bizayawlamaz esekif we won't spare | sizayawlamaz esegizif you all won't spare | alaayawlamaz eseleif they won't spare |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menayawlarıq esemif I am going to spare | senayawlarıq eseŋif you are going to spare | olayawlarıq eseif he is going to spare | bizayawlarıq esekif we are going to spare | sizayawlarıq esegizif you all are going to spare | alaayawlarıq eseleif they are going to spare |
| Conditional, future | menayawlarıq tül esemif I am not going to spare | senayawlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spare | olayawlarıq tül eseif he is not going to spare | bizayawlarıq tül esekif we are not going to spare | sizayawlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spare | alaayawlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spare |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menayawlarıq bolsamif I were going to spare | senayawlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spare | olayawlarıq bolsaif he were going to spare | bizayawlarıq bolsaqif we were going to spare | sizayawlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spare | alaayawlarıq bolsalaif they were going to spare |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menayawlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spare | senayawlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spare | olayawlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spare | bizayawlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spare | sizayawlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spare | alaayawlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spare |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ayawladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayawlay bolurmaI must be sparing | senayawlay bolursayou must be sparing | olayawlay bolurhe must be sparing | bizayawlay bolurbuzwe must be sparing | sizayawlay bolursuzyou all must be sparing | alaayawlay bolurlathey must be sparing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayawlamay bolurmaI must not be sparing | senayawlamay bolursayou must not be sparing | olayawlamay bolurhe must not be sparing | bizayawlamay bolurbuzwe must not be sparing | sizayawlamay bolursuzyou all must not be sparing | alaayawlamay bolurlathey must not be sparing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayawlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sparing | senayawlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sparing | olayawlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sparing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayawlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not sparing | senayawlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not sparing | olayawlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not sparing | bizayawlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sparing | sizayawlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sparing | alaayawlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not sparing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menayawlağan bolurmaI must have spared | senayawlağan bolursayou must have spared | olayawlağan bolurhe must have spared | bizayawlağan bolurbuzwe must have spared | sizayawlağan bolursuzyou all must have spared | alaayawlağan bolurlathey must have spared |
| Inference (must have) | menayawlamağan bolurmaI must not have spared | senayawlamağan bolursayou must not have spared | olayawlamağan bolurhe must not have spared | bizayawlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have spared | sizayawlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have spared | alaayawlamağan bolurlathey must not have spared |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menayawlarıq bolurmaI must be going to spare | senayawlarıq bolursayou must be going to spare | olayawlarıq bolurhe must be going to spare | bizayawlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spare | sizayawlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spare | alaayawlarıq bolurlathey must be going to spare |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menayawlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spare | senayawlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spare | olayawlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spare | bizayawlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spare | sizayawlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spare | alaayawlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spare |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menayawlayımlet me spare | senayawla!spare! | olayawlasınlet him spare | bizayawlayıqlet's spare | sizayawlağız!spare, you all! | alaayawlasınlalet them spare |
| Commands & suggestions | menayawlamayımlet me not spare | senayawlama!don't spare! | olayawlamasınlet him not spare | bizayawlamayıqlet's not spare | sizayawlamağız!don't spare, you all! | alaayawlamasınlalet them not spare |
| Commands & suggestions | menayawlayımmı?shall I spare? | olayawlasınmı?should he spare? | bizayawlayıqmı?shall we spare? | alaayawlasınlamı?should they spare? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menayawlamayımmı?shall I not spare? | olayawlamasınmı?should he not spare? | bizayawlamayıqmı?shall we not spare? | alaayawlamasınlamı?should they not spare? | ||
| Requests | senayawlaçı2ayawlaçınplease spare | olayawlasınçıdo let him spare | sizayawlaçığızplease spare (plural/polite) | alaayawlasınlaçıdo let them spare | ||
| Requests | senayawlamaçı2ayawlamaçınplease don't spare | olayawlamasınçıdo let him not spare | sizayawlamaçığızplease don't spare (plural/polite) | alaayawlamasınlaçıdo let them not spare | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senayawlağınayawlağımay you spare | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senayawlamağınayawlamağımay you not spare | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menayawlağay edim ayawlağa edimwould that I spared | senayawlağay ediŋ ayawlağa ediŋwould that you spared | olayawlağay edi ayawlağa ediwould that he spared | bizayawlağay edik ayawlağa edikwould that we spared | sizayawlağay edigiz ayawlağa edigizwould that you all spared | alaayawlağay edile ayawlağa edilewould that they spared |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menayawlamağay edim ayawlamağa edimwould that I did not spare | senayawlamağay ediŋ ayawlamağa ediŋwould that you did not spare | olayawlamağay edi ayawlamağa ediwould that he did not spare | bizayawlamağay edik ayawlamağa edikwould that we did not spare | sizayawlamağay edigiz ayawlamağa edigizwould that you all did not spare | alaayawlamağay edile ayawlamağa edilewould that they did not spare |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menayawlamağa qoyayımayawlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoy!ayawlama qoy!let someone spare! | olayawlamağa qoysunayawlama qoysunlet him allow someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoyayıqayawlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoyuğuz!ayawlama qoyuğuz!let someone spare, you all! | alaayawlamağa qoysunlaayawlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (commands) | menayawlamağa qoymayımayawlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoyma!ayawlama qoyma!don't let someone spare! | olayawlamağa qoymasınayawlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoymayıqayawlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoymağız!ayawlama qoymağız!don't let someone spare, you all! | alaayawlamağa qoymasınlaayawlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (commands) | menayawlamağa qoyayımmı?ayawlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoysunmu?ayawlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoyayıqmı?ayawlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoysunlamı?ayawlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spare? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menayawlamağa qoymayımmı?ayawlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoymasınmı?ayawlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoymayıqmı?ayawlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoymasınlamı?ayawlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spare? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menayawlamağa qoyamaayawlama qoyamaI allow someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoyasaayawlama qoyasayou allow someone to spare | olayawlamağa qoyadıayawlama qoyadıhe allows someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoyabızayawlama qoyabızwe allow someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoyasızayawlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to spare | alaayawlamağa qoyadılaayawlama qoyadılathey allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (present) | menayawlamağa qoymaymaayawlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoymaysaayawlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spare | olayawlamağa qoymaydıayawlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoymaybızayawlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoymaysızayawlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spare | alaayawlamağa qoymaydılaayawlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (present) | menayawlamağa qoyamamı?ayawlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spare? | senayawlamağa qoyamısa?ayawlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoyamıdı?ayawlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoyabızmı?ayawlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spare? | sizayawlamağa qoyamısız?ayawlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoyamıdıla?ayawlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (present) | menayawlamağa qoymaymamı?ayawlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spare? | senayawlamağa qoymaymısa?ayawlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoymaymıdı?ayawlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoymaybızmı?ayawlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spare? | sizayawlamağa qoymaymısız?ayawlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoymaymıdıla?ayawlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (past) | menayawlamağa qoydumayawlama qoydumI allowed someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoyduŋayawlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spare | olayawlamağa qoyduayawlama qoyduhe allowed someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoyduqayawlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoyduğuzayawlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spare | alaayawlamağa qoydulaayawlama qoydulathey allowed someone to spare |
| Let someone… (past) | menayawlamağa qoymadımayawlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spare | senayawlamağa qoymadıŋayawlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spare | olayawlamağa qoymadıayawlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spare | bizayawlamağa qoymadıqayawlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spare | sizayawlamağa qoymadığızayawlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spare | alaayawlamağa qoymadılaayawlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (past) | menayawlamağa qoydummu?ayawlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to spare? | senayawlamağa qoyduŋmu?ayawlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoydumu?ayawlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoyduqmu?ayawlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spare? | sizayawlamağa qoyduğuzmu?ayawlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoydulamı?ayawlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (past) | menayawlamağa qoymadımmı?ayawlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spare? | senayawlamağa qoymadıŋmı?ayawlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spare? | olayawlamağa qoymadımı?ayawlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spare? | bizayawlamağa qoymadıqmı?ayawlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spare? | sizayawlamağa qoymadığızmı?ayawlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spare? | alaayawlamağa qoymadılamı?ayawlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spare? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ayawlayalırğa be able to spare · ayawlayalmazğa be unable to spare
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menayawlayalamaI can spare | senayawlayalasayou can spare | olayawlayaladıhe can spare | bizayawlayalabızwe can spare | sizayawlayalasızyou all can spare | alaayawlayaladılathey can spare |
| Ability — present | menayawlayalmaymaI can't spare | senayawlayalmaysayou can't spare | olayawlayalmaydıhe can't spare | bizayawlayalmaybızwe can't spare | sizayawlayalmaysızyou all can't spare | alaayawlayalmaydılathey can't spare |
| Ability — present | menayawlayalamamı? ayawlayalamıma?can I spare? | senayawlayalamısa?can you spare? | olayawlayalamıdı?can he spare? | bizayawlayalabızmı? ayawlayalamıbız?can we spare? | sizayawlayalamısız?can you all spare? | alaayawlayalamıdıla?can they spare? |
| Ability — present | menayawlayalmaymamı? ayawlayalmaymıma?can't I spare? | senayawlayalmaymısa?can't you spare? | olayawlayalmaymıdı?can't he spare? | bizayawlayalmaybızmı? ayawlayalmaymıbız?can't we spare? | sizayawlayalmaymısız?can't you all spare? | alaayawlayalmaymıdıla?can't they spare? |
| Ability — if I can… | menayawlayalsamif I can spare | senayawlayalsaŋif you can spare | olayawlayalsaif he can spare | bizayawlayalsaqif we can spare | sizayawlayalsağızif you all can spare | alaayawlayalsalaif they can spare |
| Ability — if I can… | menayawlayalmasamif I can't spare | senayawlayalmasaŋif you can't spare | olayawlayalmasaif he can't spare | bizayawlayalmasaqif we can't spare | sizayawlayalmasağızif you all can't spare | alaayawlayalmasalaif they can't spare |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menayawlayaldımI was able to spare | senayawlayaldıŋyou were able to spare | olayawlayaldıhe was able to spare | bizayawlayaldıqwe were able to spare | sizayawlayaldığızyou all were able to spare | alaayawlayaldılathey were able to spare |
| Ability — simple past | menayawlayalmadımI could not spare | senayawlayalmadıŋyou could not spare | olayawlayalmadıhe could not spare | bizayawlayalmadıqwe could not spare | sizayawlayalmadığızyou all could not spare | alaayawlayalmadılathey could not spare |
| Ability — simple past | menayawlayaldımmı?was I able to spare? | senayawlayaldıŋmı?were you able to spare? | olayawlayaldımı?was he able to spare? | bizayawlayaldıqmı?were we able to spare? | sizayawlayaldığızmı?were you all able to spare? | alaayawlayaldılamı?were they able to spare? |
| Ability — simple past | menayawlayalmadımmı?couldn't I spare? | senayawlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spare? | olayawlayalmadımı?couldn't he spare? | bizayawlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we spare? | sizayawlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spare? | alaayawlayalmadılamı?couldn't they spare? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayawlayalğanmaI have been able to spare | senayawlayalğansayou have been able to spare | olayawlayalğandıhe has been able to spare | bizayawlayalğanbızwe have been able to spare | sizayawlayalğansızyou all have been able to spare | alaayawlayalğandılathey have been able to spare |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayawlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to spare | senayawlayalmağansayou haven't been able to spare | olayawlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spare | bizayawlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spare | sizayawlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spare | alaayawlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to spare |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayawlayalğanmamı? ayawlayalğanmıma?have I been able to spare? | senayawlayalğanmısa?have you been able to spare? | olayawlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to spare? | bizayawlayalğanbızmı? ayawlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to spare? | sizayawlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to spare? | alaayawlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spare? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayawlayalmağanmamı? ayawlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spare? | senayawlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spare? | olayawlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spare? | bizayawlayalmağanbızmı? ayawlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spare? | sizayawlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spare? | alaayawlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spare? |
| Ability — past perfect | menayawlayalğan edimayawlayalğanemI had been able to spare | senayawlayalğan ediŋayawlayalğaneŋyou had been able to spare | olayawlayalğan ediayawlayalğanedhe had been able to spare | bizayawlayalğan edikayawlayalğanekwe had been able to spare | sizayawlayalğan edigizayawlayalğanegizyou all had been able to spare | alaayawlayalğan edileayawlayalğanellethey had been able to spare |
| Ability — past perfect | menayawlayalmağan edimayawlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to spare | senayawlayalmağan ediŋayawlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spare | olayawlayalmağan ediayawlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spare | bizayawlayalmağan edikayawlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spare | sizayawlayalmağan edigizayawlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spare | alaayawlayalmağan edileayawlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spare |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menayawlayala edimayawlayalaemI could spare | senayawlayala ediŋayawlayalaeŋyou could spare | olayawlayala ediayawlayalaedhe could spare | bizayawlayala edikayawlayalaekwe could spare | sizayawlayala edigizayawlayalaegizyou all could spare | alaayawlayala edileayawlayalaellethey could spare |
| Ability — past background | menayawlayalmay edimayawlayalmayemI could not spare | senayawlayalmay ediŋayawlayalmayeŋyou could not spare | olayawlayalmay ediayawlayalmayedhe could not spare | bizayawlayalmay edikayawlayalmayekwe could not spare | sizayawlayalmay edigizayawlayalmayegizyou all could not spare | alaayawlayalmay edileayawlayalmayellethey could not spare |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menayawlayalırmaI will be able to spare | senayawlayalırsayou will be able to spare | olayawlayalırhe will be able to spare | bizayawlayalırbızwe will be able to spare | sizayawlayalırsızyou all will be able to spare | alaayawlayalırlathey will be able to spare |
| Ability — future I | menayawlayalmazmaI won't be able to spare | senayawlayalmazsayou won't be able to spare | olayawlayalmazhe won't be able to spare | bizayawlayalmazbızwe won't be able to spare | sizayawlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to spare | alaayawlayalmazlathey won't be able to spare |
| Ability — future I | menayawlayalırmamı? ayawlayalırmıma?will I be able to spare? | senayawlayalırmısa?will you be able to spare? | olayawlayalırmı?will he be able to spare? | bizayawlayalırbızmı? ayawlayalırmıbız?will we be able to spare? | sizayawlayalırmısız?will you all be able to spare? | alaayawlayalırlamı? ayawlayalırmıla?will they be able to spare? |
| Ability — future I | menayawlayalmazmamı? ayawlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to spare? | senayawlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to spare? | olayawlayalmazmı?won't he be able to spare? | bizayawlayalmazbızmı? ayawlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spare? | sizayawlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spare? | alaayawlayalmazlamı? ayawlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to spare? |
| Ability — future II | menayawlayallıqmaI am going to be able to spare | senayawlayallıqsayou are going to be able to spare | olayawlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to spare | bizayawlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to spare | sizayawlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spare | alaayawlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to spare |
| Ability — future II | menayawlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spare | senayawlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spare | olayawlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spare | bizayawlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spare | sizayawlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spare | alaayawlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spare |
| Ability — future II | menayawlayallıqmamı? ayawlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spare? | senayawlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spare? | olayawlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spare? | bizayawlayallıqbızmı? ayawlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spare? | sizayawlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spare? | alaayawlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spare? |
| Ability — future II | menayawlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spare? | senayawlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spare? | olayawlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spare? | bizayawlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spare? | sizayawlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spare? | alaayawlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spare? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menayawlayalır edimayawlayalır emI would be able to spare | senayawlayalır ediŋayawlayalır eŋyou would be able to spare | olayawlayalır ediayawlayalır edhe would be able to spare | bizayawlayalır edikayawlayalır ekwe would be able to spare | sizayawlayalır edigizayawlayalır egizyou all would be able to spare | alaayawlayalır edileayawlayalır ellethey would be able to spare |
| Ability — would be able to… | menayawlayalmaz edimayawlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spare | senayawlayalmaz ediŋayawlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spare | olayawlayalmaz ediayawlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spare | bizayawlayalmaz edikayawlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spare | sizayawlayalmaz edigizayawlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spare | alaayawlayalmaz edileayawlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spare |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senayawlayalğınayawlayalğımay you be able to spare | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senayawlayalmağınayawlayalmağımay you not be able to spare | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menayawlarğa izleymeI want to spare | senayawlarğa izleyseyou want to spare | olayawlarğa izleydihe wants to spare | bizayawlarğa izleybizwe want to spare | sizayawlarğa izleysizyou all want to spare | alaayawlarğa izleydilethey want to spare |
| want to | menayawlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spare | senayawlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spare | olayawlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spare | bizayawlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spare | sizayawlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spare | alaayawlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spare |
| would like to | menayawlarğa süemeI would like to spare | senayawlarğa süeseyou would like to spare | olayawlarğa süedihe would like to spare | bizayawlarğa süebizwe would like to spare | sizayawlarğa süesizyou all would like to spare | alaayawlarğa süedilethey would like to spare |
| would like to | menayawlarğa süymeymeI would not like to spare | senayawlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spare | olayawlarğa süymeydihe would not like to spare | bizayawlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spare | sizayawlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spare | alaayawlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spare |
| hope to | menayawlarğa umutlanamaI hope to spare | senayawlarğa umutlanasayou hope to spare | olayawlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spare | bizayawlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spare | sizayawlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spare | alaayawlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spare |
| hope to | menayawlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spare | senayawlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spare | olayawlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spare | bizayawlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spare | sizayawlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spare | alaayawlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spare |
| be about to | menayawlarğa deb turamaI am about to spare | senayawlarğa deb turasayou are about to spare | olayawlarğa deb turadıhe is about to spare | bizayawlarğa deb turabızwe are about to spare | sizayawlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spare | alaayawlarğa deb turadılathey are about to spare |
| be about to | menayawlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spare | senayawlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spare | olayawlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spare | bizayawlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spare | sizayawlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spare | alaayawlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spare |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menayawlarğa kerekmeI need to spare | senayawlarğa kerekseyou need to spare | olayawlarğa kerekdihe needs to spare | bizayawlarğa kerekbizwe need to spare | sizayawlarğa kereksizyou all need to spare | alaayawlarğa kerekdilethey need to spare |
| need to | menayawlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spare | senayawlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spare | olayawlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spare | bizayawlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spare | sizayawlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spare | alaayawlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spare |
| have to | menmenŋe ayawlarğa tüşediI have to spare | sensenŋe ayawlarğa tüşediyou have to spare | olaŋa ayawlarğa tüşedihe has to spare | bizbizge ayawlarğa tüşediwe have to spare | sizsizge ayawlarğa tüşediyou all have to spare | alaalağa ayawlarğa tüşedithey have to spare |
| have to | menmenŋe ayawlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spare | sensenŋe ayawlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spare | olaŋa ayawlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spare | bizbizge ayawlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spare | sizsizge ayawlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spare | alaalağa ayawlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spare |
| be obliged to | menayawlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spare | senayawlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spare | olayawlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spare | bizayawlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spare | sizayawlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spare | alaayawlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spare |
| be obliged to | menayawlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spare | senayawlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spare | olayawlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spare | bizayawlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spare | sizayawlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spare | alaayawlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spare |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menayawlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spare | senayawlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spare | olayawlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spare | bizayawlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spare | sizayawlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spare | alaayawlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spare |
| have a way to | menayawlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spare | senayawlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spare | olayawlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spare | bizayawlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spare | sizayawlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spare | alaayawlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spare |
| be free to | menayawlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spare | senayawlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spare | olayawlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spare | bizayawlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spare | sizayawlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spare | alaayawlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spare |
| be free to | menayawlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spare | senayawlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spare | olayawlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spare | bizayawlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spare | sizayawlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spare | alaayawlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spare |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spare | sensenŋe ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spare | olaŋa ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spare | bizbizge ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spare | sizsizge ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spare | alaalağa ayawlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spare |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spare | sensenŋe ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spare | olaŋa ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spare | bizbizge ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spare | sizsizge ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spare | alaalağa ayawlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spare |
| be ready to | menayawlarğa hazırmaI am ready to spare | senayawlarğa hazırsayou are ready to spare | olayawlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spare | bizayawlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spare | sizayawlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spare | alaayawlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spare |
| be ready to | menayawlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spare | senayawlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spare | olayawlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spare | bizayawlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spare | sizayawlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spare | alaayawlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spare |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menayawlarğa küreşemeI am trying to spare | senayawlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spare | olayawlarğa küreşedihe is trying to spare | bizayawlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spare | sizayawlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spare | alaayawlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spare |
| try to | menayawlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spare | senayawlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spare | olayawlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spare | bizayawlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spare | sizayawlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spare | alaayawlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spare |
| agree to | menayawlarğa unaymaI agree to spare | senayawlarğa unaysayou agree to spare | olayawlarğa unaydıhe agrees to spare | bizayawlarğa unaybızwe agree to spare | sizayawlarğa unaysızyou all agree to spare | alaayawlarğa unaydılathey agree to spare |
| agree to | menayawlarğa unamaymaI refuse to spare | senayawlarğa unamaysayou refuse to spare | olayawlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spare | bizayawlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spare | sizayawlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spare | alaayawlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spare |
| hurry to | menayawlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spare | senayawlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spare | olayawlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spare | bizayawlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spare | sizayawlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spare | alaayawlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spare |
| hurry to | menayawlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spare | senayawlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spare | olayawlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spare | bizayawlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spare | sizayawlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spare | alaayawlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spare |
| be afraid to | menayawlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spare | senayawlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spare | olayawlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spare | bizayawlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spare | sizayawlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spare | alaayawlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spare |
| be afraid to | menayawlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spare | senayawlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spare | olayawlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spare | bizayawlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spare | sizayawlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spare | alaayawlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spare |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menayawlay bolmazmaI can't be sparing | senayawlay bolmazsayou can't be sparing | olayawlay bolmazhe can't be sparing | bizayawlay bolmazbızwe can't be sparing | sizayawlay bolmazsızyou all can't be sparing | alaayawlay bolmazlathey can't be sparing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menayawlamay bolmazmaI must be sparing (emphatic) | senayawlamay bolmazsayou must be sparing (emphatic) | olayawlamay bolmazhe must be sparing (emphatic) | bizayawlamay bolmazbızwe must be sparing (emphatic) | sizayawlamay bolmazsızyou all must be sparing (emphatic) | alaayawlamay bolmazlathey must be sparing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menayawlay turmasamif I don't keep sparing | senayawlay turmasaŋif you don't keep sparing | olayawlay turmasaif he doesn't keep sparing | bizayawlay turmasaqif we don't keep sparing | sizayawlay turmasağızif you all don't keep sparing | alaayawlay turmasalaif they don't keep sparing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menayawlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sparing | senayawlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sparing | olayawlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sparing | bizayawlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sparing | sizayawlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sparing | alaayawlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sparing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menayawlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | senayawlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | olayawlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | bizayawlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | sizayawlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | alaayawlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sparing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menayawlamay turamaI keep on not sparing | senayawlamay turasayou keep on not sparing | olayawlamay turadıhe keeps on not sparing | bizayawlamay turabızwe keep on not sparing | sizayawlamay turasızyou all keep on not sparing | alaayawlamay turadılathey keep on not sparing |
| Progressive — double negation | menayawlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not sparing | senayawlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not sparing | olayawlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sparing | bizayawlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sparing | sizayawlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sparing | alaayawlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sparing |
| Progressive — double negation | menayawlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sparing? | senayawlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sparing? | olayawlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sparing? | bizayawlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sparing? | sizayawlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sparing? | alaayawlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sparing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menayawlağan bolmazmaI can't have spared | senayawlağan bolmazsayou can't have spared | olayawlağan bolmazhe can't have spared | bizayawlağan bolmazbızwe can't have spared | sizayawlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have spared | alaayawlağan bolmazlathey can't have spared |
| Inference — double negation | menayawlamağan bolmazmaI must have spared (emphatic) | senayawlamağan bolmazsayou must have spared (emphatic) | olayawlamağan bolmazhe must have spared (emphatic) | bizayawlamağan bolmazbızwe must have spared (emphatic) | sizayawlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have spared (emphatic) | alaayawlamağan bolmazlathey must have spared (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menayawlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spared | senayawlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spared | olayawlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spared | bizayawlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spared | sizayawlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spared | alaayawlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spared |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menayawlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spared | senayawlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spared | olayawlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spared | bizayawlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spared | sizayawlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spared | alaayawlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spared |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menayawlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spare | senayawlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spare | olayawlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spare | bizayawlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spare | sizayawlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spare | alaayawlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spare |
| Inference, future — double negation | menayawlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spare (emphatic) | senayawlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spare (emphatic) | olayawlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spare (emphatic) | bizayawlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spare (emphatic) | sizayawlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spare (emphatic) | alaayawlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spare (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menayawlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spare | senayawlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spare | olayawlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spare | bizayawlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spare | sizayawlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spare | alaayawlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spare |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menayawlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spare | senayawlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spare | olayawlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spare | bizayawlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spare | sizayawlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spare | alaayawlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spare |