ashatırğa / ahsatırğa
/asxatɯrʁa/, /axsatɯrʁa/
Balkar spelling: aqsatırğa
1. make someone limp, lame; especially make a horse go lame, lame a horse — Often said of a horse: atnı ashatırğa "make a horse go lame". The Balkar form is aqsatırğa.
- atnı ashatırğa — to make a horse go lame
- atımı ashatdım — I made my horse go lame
- atnı ashatıb qoydu — he went and lamed the horse
- tayın ashatdı — he made his colt go lame
- tar çuruq meni ashatdı — the tight boots made me limp
- bu jara anı ashatdı — this wound made him limp
- bu jol bizni ashatır — this road will make us limp
2. neglect, be careless about, let something go badly
- işni ashatırğa — to neglect the work
- ol işni ashathandı — he has let the work go badly
- oquwun ashatdı — he let his schooling slip
3. wrong, treat unfairly, infringe on someone one source
- adamnı ashatırğa — to wrong a person
- ol kişini ashatmaydı — he wrongs no one
- bizni ashatmağız — do not treat us unfairly
Conjugation
Common forms
- ashatadıhe is making a horse go lame
- ashatdıhe made a horse go lame
- ashathandıhe has made a horse go lame
- ashatırhe will make a horse go lame
- ashatırıqdıhe is going to make a horse go lame
- ashata edihe was making a horse go lame
- ashatsaif he makes a horse go lame
- ashat!make a horse go lame!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashatamaI am making a horse go lame | senashatasayou are making a horse go lame | olashatadıhe is making a horse go lame | bizashatabızwe are making a horse go lame | sizashatasızyou all are making a horse go lame | alaashatadılathey are making a horse go lame |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashatmaymaI am not making a horse go lame | senashatmaysayou are not making a horse go lame | olashatmaydıhe is not making a horse go lame | bizashatmaybızwe are not making a horse go lame | sizashatmaysızyou all are not making a horse go lame | alaashatmaydılathey are not making a horse go lame |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashatamamı? ashatamıma?am I making a horse go lame? | senashatamısa?are you making a horse go lame? | olashatamıdı?is he making a horse go lame? | bizashatabızmı? ashatamıbız?are we making a horse go lame? | sizashatamısız?are you all making a horse go lame? | alaashatamıdıla?are they making a horse go lame? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashatmaymamı? ashatmaymıma?aren't I making a horse go lame? | senashatmaymısa?aren't you making a horse go lame? | olashatmaymıdı?isn't he making a horse go lame? | bizashatmaybızmı? ashatmaymıbız?aren't we making a horse go lame? | sizashatmaymısız?aren't you all making a horse go lame? | alaashatmaymıdıla?aren't they making a horse go lame? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashatıwçanmaI usually make a horse go lame | senashatıwçansayou usually make a horse go lame | olashatıwçandıhe usually makes a horse go lame | bizashatıwçanbızwe usually make a horse go lame | sizashatıwçansızyou all usually make a horse go lame | alaashatıwçandılathey usually make a horse go lame |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashatmawçanmaI usually don't make a horse go lame | senashatmawçansayou usually don't make a horse go lame | olashatmawçandıhe usually doesn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmawçanbızwe usually don't make a horse go lame | sizashatmawçansızyou all usually don't make a horse go lame | alaashatmawçandılathey usually don't make a horse go lame |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashatıwçanmamı? ashatıwçanmıma?do I usually make a horse go lame? | senashatıwçanmısa?do you usually make a horse go lame? | olashatıwçanmıdı?does he usually make a horse go lame? | bizashatıwçanbızmı? ashatıwçanmıbız?do we usually make a horse go lame? | sizashatıwçanmısız?do you all usually make a horse go lame? | alaashatıwçanmıdıla?do they usually make a horse go lame? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashatmawçanmamı? ashatmawçanmıma?do I usually not make a horse go lame? | senashatmawçanmısa?do you usually not make a horse go lame? | olashatmawçanmıdı?does he usually not make a horse go lame? | bizashatmawçanbızmı? ashatmawçanmıbız?do we usually not make a horse go lame? | sizashatmawçanmısız?do you all usually not make a horse go lame? | alaashatmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not make a horse go lame? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olashatıbdıhe has made a horse go lame and remains so | alaashatıbdılathey have made a horse go lame and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olashatıbmıdı?has he made a horse go lame? | alaashatıbmıdıla?have they made a horse go lame? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashatıb turamaI keep making a horse go lame | senashatıb turasayou keep making a horse go lame | olashatıb turadıhe keeps making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turabızwe keep making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turasızyou all keep making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turadılathey keep making a horse go lame |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashatıb turmaymaI don't keep making a horse go lame | senashatıb turmaysayou don't keep making a horse go lame | olashatıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turmaybızwe don't keep making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turmaysızyou all don't keep making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turmaydılathey don't keep making a horse go lame |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashatıb turamamı? ashatıb turamıma?do I keep making a horse go lame? | senashatıb turamısa?do you keep making a horse go lame? | olashatıb turamıdı?does he keep making a horse go lame? | bizashatıb turabızmı? ashatıb turamıbız?do we keep making a horse go lame? | sizashatıb turamısız?do you all keep making a horse go lame? | alaashatıb turamıdıla?do they keep making a horse go lame? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashatıb turmaymamı? ashatıb turmaymıma?don't I keep making a horse go lame? | senashatıb turmaymısa?don't you keep making a horse go lame? | olashatıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep making a horse go lame? | bizashatıb turmaybızmı? ashatıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep making a horse go lame? | sizashatıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep making a horse go lame? | alaashatıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep making a horse go lame? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashata turamaI am in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata turasayou are in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata turadıhe is in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata turabızwe are in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata turasızyou all are in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata turadılathey are in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashata turmaymaI am not in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata turmaysayou are not in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata turmaydıhe is not in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata turmaybızwe are not in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata turmaydılathey are not in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashata turamamı? ashata turamıma?am I in the middle of making a horse go lame? | senashata turamısa?are you in the middle of making a horse go lame? | olashata turamıdı?is he in the middle of making a horse go lame? | bizashata turabızmı? ashata turamıbız?are we in the middle of making a horse go lame? | sizashata turamısız?are you all in the middle of making a horse go lame? | alaashata turamıdıla?are they in the middle of making a horse go lame? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashata turmaymamı? ashata turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of making a horse go lame? | senashata turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of making a horse go lame? | olashata turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of making a horse go lame? | bizashata turmaybızmı? ashata turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of making a horse go lame? | sizashata turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of making a horse go lame? | alaashata turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of making a horse go lame? |
| Simple past (definite) | menashatdımI made a horse go lame | senashatdıŋyou made a horse go lame | olashatdıhe made a horse go lame | bizashatdıqwe made a horse go lame | sizashatdığızyou all made a horse go lame | alaashatdılathey made a horse go lame |
| Simple past (definite) | menashatmadımI didn't make a horse go lame | senashatmadıŋyou didn't make a horse go lame | olashatmadıhe didn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmadıqwe didn't make a horse go lame | sizashatmadığızyou all didn't make a horse go lame | alaashatmadılathey didn't make a horse go lame |
| Simple past (definite) | menashatdımmı?did I make a horse go lame? | senashatdıŋmı?did you make a horse go lame? | olashatdımı?did he make a horse go lame? | bizashatdıqmı?did we make a horse go lame? | sizashatdığızmı?did you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatdılamı?did they make a horse go lame? |
| Simple past (definite) | menashatmadımmı?didn't I make a horse go lame? | senashatmadıŋmı?didn't you make a horse go lame? | olashatmadımı?didn't he make a horse go lame? | bizashatmadıqmı?didn't we make a horse go lame? | sizashatmadığızmı?didn't you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatmadılamı?didn't they make a horse go lame? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashathanmaI have made a horse go lame | senashathansayou have made a horse go lame | olashathandıhe has made a horse go lame | bizashathanbızwe have made a horse go lame | sizashathansızyou all have made a horse go lame | alaashathandılathey have made a horse go lame |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashatmağanmaI haven't made a horse go lame | senashatmağansayou haven't made a horse go lame | olashatmağandıhe hasn't made a horse go lame | bizashatmağanbızwe haven't made a horse go lame | sizashatmağansızyou all haven't made a horse go lame | alaashatmağandılathey haven't made a horse go lame |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashathanmamı? ashathanmıma?have I made a horse go lame? | senashathanmısa?have you made a horse go lame? | olashathanmıdı?has he made a horse go lame? | bizashathanbızmı? ashathanmıbız?have we made a horse go lame? | sizashathanmısız?have you all made a horse go lame? | alaashathanmıdıla?have they made a horse go lame? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashatmağanmamı? ashatmağanmıma?haven't I made a horse go lame? | senashatmağanmısa?haven't you made a horse go lame? | olashatmağanmıdı?hasn't he made a horse go lame? | bizashatmağanbızmı? ashatmağanmıbız?haven't we made a horse go lame? | sizashatmağanmısız?haven't you all made a horse go lame? | alaashatmağanmıdıla?haven't they made a horse go lame? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menashatıb turdumI kept making a horse go lame | senashatıb turduŋyou kept making a horse go lame | olashatıb turduhe kept making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turduqwe kept making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turduğuzyou all kept making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turdulathey kept making a horse go lame |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menashatıb turmadımI didn't keep making a horse go lame | senashatıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep making a horse go lame | olashatıb turmadıhe didn't keep making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turmadıqwe didn't keep making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turmadılathey didn't keep making a horse go lame |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashatırmaI will make a horse go lame | senashatırsayou will make a horse go lame | olashatırhe will make a horse go lame | bizashatırbızwe will make a horse go lame | sizashatırsızyou all will make a horse go lame | alaashatırlathey will make a horse go lame |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashatmazmaI won't make a horse go lame | senashatmazsayou won't make a horse go lame | olashatmazhe won't make a horse go lame | bizashatmazbızwe won't make a horse go lame | sizashatmazsızyou all won't make a horse go lame | alaashatmazlathey won't make a horse go lame |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashatırmamı? ashatırmıma?will I make a horse go lame? | senashatırmısa?will you make a horse go lame? | olashatırmı?will he make a horse go lame? | bizashatırbızmı? ashatırmıbız?will we make a horse go lame? | sizashatırmısız?will you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatırlamı? ashatırmıla?will they make a horse go lame? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashatmazmamı? ashatmazmıma?won't I make a horse go lame? | senashatmazmısa?won't you make a horse go lame? | olashatmazmı?won't he make a horse go lame? | bizashatmazbızmı? ashatmazmıbız?won't we make a horse go lame? | sizashatmazmısız?won't you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatmazlamı? ashatmazmıla?won't they make a horse go lame? |
| Definite future (future II) | menashatırıqmaI am going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıqsayou are going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıqdıhe is going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıqbızwe are going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıqsızyou all are going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıqdılathey are going to make a horse go lame |
| Definite future (future II) | menashatırıq tülmeI am not going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq tülseyou are not going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq tüldühe is not going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq tülbüzwe are not going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq tüldülethey are not going to make a horse go lame |
| Definite future (future II) | menashatırıqmamı? ashatırıqmıma?am I going to make a horse go lame? | senashatırıqmısa?are you going to make a horse go lame? | olashatırıqmıdı?is he going to make a horse go lame? | bizashatırıqbızmı? ashatırıqmıbız?are we going to make a horse go lame? | sizashatırıqmısız?are you all going to make a horse go lame? | alaashatırıqmıdıla?are they going to make a horse go lame? |
| Definite future (future II) | menashatırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to make a horse go lame? | senashatırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to make a horse go lame? | olashatırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to make a horse go lame? | bizashatırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to make a horse go lame? | sizashatırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to make a horse go lame? | alaashatırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to make a horse go lame? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menashathan edimashathanemI had made a horse go lame | senashathan ediŋashathaneŋyou had made a horse go lame | olashathan ediashathanedhe had made a horse go lame | bizashathan edikashathanekwe had made a horse go lame | sizashathan edigizashathanegizyou all had made a horse go lame | alaashathan edileashathanellethey had made a horse go lame |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menashatmağan edimashatmağanemI hadn't made a horse go lame | senashatmağan ediŋashatmağaneŋyou hadn't made a horse go lame | olashatmağan ediashatmağanedhe hadn't made a horse go lame | bizashatmağan edikashatmağanekwe hadn't made a horse go lame | sizashatmağan edigizashatmağanegizyou all hadn't made a horse go lame | alaashatmağan edileashatmağanellethey hadn't made a horse go lame |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menashata edimashataemI was making a horse go lame | senashata ediŋashataeŋyou were making a horse go lame | olashata ediashataedhe was making a horse go lame | bizashata edikashataekwe were making a horse go lame | sizashata edigizashataegizyou all were making a horse go lame | alaashata edileashataellethey were making a horse go lame |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menashatmay edimashatmayemI wasn't making a horse go lame | senashatmay ediŋashatmayeŋyou weren't making a horse go lame | olashatmay ediashatmayedhe wasn't making a horse go lame | bizashatmay edikashatmayekwe weren't making a horse go lame | sizashatmay edigizashatmayegizyou all weren't making a horse go lame | alaashatmay edileashatmayellethey weren't making a horse go lame |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menashatıwçan edimashatıwçanemI used to make a horse go lame | senashatıwçan ediŋashatıwçaneŋyou used to make a horse go lame | olashatıwçan ediashatıwçanedhe used to make a horse go lame | bizashatıwçan edikashatıwçanekwe used to make a horse go lame | sizashatıwçan edigizashatıwçanegizyou all used to make a horse go lame | alaashatıwçan edileashatıwçanellethey used to make a horse go lame |
| Habitual past (used to) | menashatmawçan edimashatmawçanemI didn't use to make a horse go lame | senashatmawçan ediŋashatmawçaneŋyou didn't use to make a horse go lame | olashatmawçan ediashatmawçanedhe didn't use to make a horse go lame | bizashatmawçan edikashatmawçanekwe didn't use to make a horse go lame | sizashatmawçan edigizashatmawçanegizyou all didn't use to make a horse go lame | alaashatmawçan edileashatmawçanellethey didn't use to make a horse go lame |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olashatıb edihe had made a horse go lame and remained so | alaashatıb edilethey had made a horse go lame and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olashatıb tül edihe hadn't made a horse go lame | alaashatıb tül edilethey hadn't made a horse go lame | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menashatıb tura edimashatıb turaemI had kept making a horse go lame | senashatıb tura ediŋashatıb turaeŋyou had kept making a horse go lame | olashatıb tura ediashatıb turaedhe had kept making a horse go lame | bizashatıb tura edikashatıb turaekwe had kept making a horse go lame | sizashatıb tura edigizashatıb turaegizyou all had kept making a horse go lame | alaashatıb tura edileashatıb turaellethey had kept making a horse go lame |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menashatıb turmay edimashatıb turmayemI hadn't kept making a horse go lame | senashatıb turmay ediŋashatıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept making a horse go lame | olashatıb turmay ediashatıb turmayedhe hadn't kept making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turmay edikashatıb turmayekwe hadn't kept making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turmay edigizashatıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turmay edileashatıb turmayellethey hadn't kept making a horse go lame |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menashata tura edimashata turaemI was in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata tura ediŋashata turaeŋyou were in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata tura ediashata turaedhe was in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata tura edikashata turaekwe were in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata tura edigizashata turaegizyou all were in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata tura edileashata turaellethey were in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menashata turmay edimashata turmayemI wasn't in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata turmay ediŋashata turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata turmay ediashata turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata turmay edikashata turmayekwe weren't in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata turmay edigizashata turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata turmay edileashata turmayellethey weren't in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menashatır edimashatır emI would make a horse go lame | senashatır ediŋashatır eŋyou would make a horse go lame | olashatır ediashatır edhe would make a horse go lame | bizashatır edikashatır ekwe would make a horse go lame | sizashatır edigizashatır egizyou all would make a horse go lame | alaashatır edileashatır ellethey would make a horse go lame |
| Conditional result (would) | menashatmaz edimashatmaz emI wouldn't make a horse go lame | senashatmaz ediŋashatmaz eŋyou wouldn't make a horse go lame | olashatmaz ediashatmaz edhe wouldn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmaz edikashatmaz ekwe wouldn't make a horse go lame | sizashatmaz edigizashatmaz egizyou all wouldn't make a horse go lame | alaashatmaz edileashatmaz ellethey wouldn't make a horse go lame |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menashatırıq edimashatırıq emI would have made a horse go lame | senashatırıq ediŋashatırıq eŋyou would have made a horse go lame | olashatırıq ediashatırıq edhe would have made a horse go lame | bizashatırıq edikashatırıq ekwe would have made a horse go lame | sizashatırıq edigizashatırıq egizyou all would have made a horse go lame | alaashatırıq edileashatırıq ellethey would have made a horse go lame |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menashatırıq tül edimashatırıq tül emI wouldn't have made a horse go lame | senashatırıq tül ediŋashatırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have made a horse go lame | olashatırıq tül ediashatırıq tül edhe wouldn't have made a horse go lame | bizashatırıq tül edikashatırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have made a horse go lame | sizashatırıq tül edigizashatırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have made a horse go lame | alaashatırıq tül edileashatırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have made a horse go lame |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menashatsamif I make a horse go lame | senashatsaŋif you make a horse go lame | olashatsaif he makes a horse go lame | bizashatsaqif we make a horse go lame | sizashatsağızif you all make a horse go lame | alaashatsalaif they make a horse go lame |
| Conditional | menashatmasamif I don't make a horse go lame | senashatmasaŋif you don't make a horse go lame | olashatmasaif he doesn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmasaqif we don't make a horse go lame | sizashatmasağızif you all don't make a horse go lame | alaashatmasalaif they don't make a horse go lame |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menashata esemif I am making a horse go lame | senashata eseŋif you are making a horse go lame | olashata eseif he is making a horse go lame | bizashata esekif we are making a horse go lame | sizashata esegizif you all are making a horse go lame | alaashata eseleif they are making a horse go lame |
| Conditional, present real | menashatmay esemif I am not making a horse go lame | senashatmay eseŋif you are not making a horse go lame | olashatmay eseif he is not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay esekif we are not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay esegizif you all are not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay eseleif they are not making a horse go lame |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menashatsam ediashatsam edif only I made a horse go lame | senashatsaŋ ediashatsaŋ edif only you made a horse go lame | olashatsa ediashatsaedif only he made a horse go lame | bizashatsaq ediashatsaq edif only we made a horse go lame | sizashatsağız ediashatsağız edif only you all made a horse go lame | alaashatsala ediashatsalaedif only they made a horse go lame |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menashatmasam ediashatmasam edif only I didn't make a horse go lame | senashatmasaŋ ediashatmasaŋ edif only you didn't make a horse go lame | olashatmasa ediashatmasaedif only he didn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmasaq ediashatmasaq edif only we didn't make a horse go lame | sizashatmasağız ediashatmasağız edif only you all didn't make a horse go lame | alaashatmasala ediashatmasalaedif only they didn't make a horse go lame |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menashatıb tursamif I carry on making a horse go lame | senashatıb tursaŋif you carry on making a horse go lame | olashatıb tursaif he carries on making a horse go lame | bizashatıb tursaqif we carry on making a horse go lame | sizashatıb tursağızif you all carry on making a horse go lame | alaashatıb tursalaif they carry on making a horse go lame |
| Durative conditional | menashatıb turmasamif I don't carry on making a horse go lame | senashatıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on making a horse go lame | olashatıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turmasaqif we don't carry on making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turmasalaif they don't carry on making a horse go lame |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menashatıb tura esemif I have kept making a horse go lame | senashatıb tura eseŋif you have kept making a horse go lame | olashatıb tura eseif he has kept making a horse go lame | bizashatıb tura esekif we have kept making a horse go lame | sizashatıb tura esegizif you all have kept making a horse go lame | alaashatıb tura eseleif they have kept making a horse go lame |
| Durative conditional, present real | menashatıb turmay esemif I haven't kept making a horse go lame | senashatıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept making a horse go lame | olashatıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept making a horse go lame | bizashatıb turmay esekif we haven't kept making a horse go lame | sizashatıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept making a horse go lame | alaashatıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept making a horse go lame |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menashata tursamif I keep making a horse go lame | senashata tursaŋif you keep making a horse go lame | olashata tursaif he keeps making a horse go lame | bizashata tursaqif we keep making a horse go lame | sizashata tursağızif you all keep making a horse go lame | alaashata tursalaif they keep making a horse go lame |
| Progressive conditional | menashatmay tursamif I keep on not making a horse go lame | senashatmay tursaŋif you keep on not making a horse go lame | olashatmay tursaif he keeps on not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay tursaqif we keep on not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay tursağızif you all keep on not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay tursalaif they keep on not making a horse go lame |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menashata tura esemif I am in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata tura eseŋif you are in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata tura eseif he is in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata tura esekif we are in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata tura esegizif you all are in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata tura eseleif they are in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menashatmay tura esemif I keep on not making a horse go lame | senashatmay tura eseŋif you keep on not making a horse go lame | olashatmay tura eseif he keeps on not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay tura esekif we keep on not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay tura esegizif you all keep on not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay tura eseleif they keep on not making a horse go lame |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menashatdım esemif I made a horse go lame | senashatdıŋ eseŋif you made a horse go lame | olashatdı eseif he made a horse go lame | bizashatdıq esekif we made a horse go lame | sizashatdığız esegizif you all made a horse go lame | alaashatdıla eseleif they made a horse go lame |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menashatmadım esemif I didn't make a horse go lame | senashatmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't make a horse go lame | olashatmadı eseif he didn't make a horse go lame | bizashatmadıq esekif we didn't make a horse go lame | sizashatmadığız esegizif you all didn't make a horse go lame | alaashatmadıla eseleif they didn't make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menashathan esemif I did make a horse go lame (indeed) | senashathan eseŋif you did make a horse go lame (indeed) | olashathan eseif he did make a horse go lame (indeed) | bizashathan esekif we did make a horse go lame (indeed) | sizashathan esegizif you all did make a horse go lame (indeed) | alaashathan eseleif they did make a horse go lame (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menashatmağan esemif I didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) | senashatmağan eseŋif you didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) | olashatmağan eseif he didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) | bizashatmağan esekif we didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) | sizashatmağan esegizif you all didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) | alaashatmağan eseleif they didn't make a horse go lame (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menashathan bolsamif I had made a horse go lame | senashathan bolsaŋif you had made a horse go lame | olashathan bolsaif he had made a horse go lame | bizashathan bolsaqif we had made a horse go lame | sizashathan bolsağızif you all had made a horse go lame | alaashathan bolsalaif they had made a horse go lame |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menashatmağan bolsamif I hadn't made a horse go lame | senashatmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't made a horse go lame | olashatmağan bolsaif he hadn't made a horse go lame | bizashatmağan bolsaqif we hadn't made a horse go lame | sizashatmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't made a horse go lame | alaashatmağan bolsalaif they hadn't made a horse go lame |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menashathan bolsam ediashathan bolsam edif only I had made a horse go lame | senashathan bolsaŋ ediashathan bolsaŋ edif only you had made a horse go lame | olashathan bolsa ediashathan bolsaedif only he had made a horse go lame | bizashathan bolsaq ediashathan bolsaq edif only we had made a horse go lame | sizashathan bolsağız ediashathan bolsağız edif only you all had made a horse go lame | alaashathan bolsala ediashathan bolsalaedif only they had made a horse go lame |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menashatmağan bolsam ediashatmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't made a horse go lame | senashatmağan bolsaŋ ediashatmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't made a horse go lame | olashatmağan bolsa ediashatmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't made a horse go lame | bizashatmağan bolsaq ediashatmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't made a horse go lame | sizashatmağan bolsağız ediashatmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't made a horse go lame | alaashatmağan bolsala ediashatmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't made a horse go lame |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menashatır esemif I will make a horse go lame | senashatır eseŋif you will make a horse go lame | olashatır eseif he will make a horse go lame | bizashatır esekif we will make a horse go lame | sizashatır esegizif you all will make a horse go lame | alaashatır eseleif they will make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, aorist | menashatmaz esemif I won't make a horse go lame | senashatmaz eseŋif you won't make a horse go lame | olashatmaz eseif he won't make a horse go lame | bizashatmaz esekif we won't make a horse go lame | sizashatmaz esegizif you all won't make a horse go lame | alaashatmaz eseleif they won't make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menashatırıq esemif I am going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq eseŋif you are going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq eseif he is going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq esekif we are going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq esegizif you all are going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq eseleif they are going to make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, future | menashatırıq tül esemif I am not going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq tül eseif he is not going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq tül esekif we are not going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq tül eseleif they are not going to make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menashatırıq bolsamif I were going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq bolsaŋif you were going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq bolsaif he were going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq bolsaqif we were going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq bolsağızif you all were going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq bolsalaif they were going to make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menashatmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to make a horse go lame | senashatmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to make a horse go lame | olashatmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to make a horse go lame | bizashatmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to make a horse go lame | sizashatmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to make a horse go lame | alaashatmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to make a horse go lame |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ashatdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menashata bolurmaI must be making a horse go lame | senashata bolursayou must be making a horse go lame | olashata bolurhe must be making a horse go lame | bizashata bolurbuzwe must be making a horse go lame | sizashata bolursuzyou all must be making a horse go lame | alaashata bolurlathey must be making a horse go lame |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menashatmay bolurmaI must not be making a horse go lame | senashatmay bolursayou must not be making a horse go lame | olashatmay bolurhe must not be making a horse go lame | bizashatmay bolurbuzwe must not be making a horse go lame | sizashatmay bolursuzyou all must not be making a horse go lame | alaashatmay bolurlathey must not be making a horse go lame |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menashata tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata tura bolursayou must be in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata tura bolurhe must be in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menashatmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not making a horse go lame | senashatmay tura bolursayou must keep on not making a horse go lame | olashatmay tura bolurhe must keep on not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not making a horse go lame |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menashathan bolurmaI must have made a horse go lame | senashathan bolursayou must have made a horse go lame | olashathan bolurhe must have made a horse go lame | bizashathan bolurbuzwe must have made a horse go lame | sizashathan bolursuzyou all must have made a horse go lame | alaashathan bolurlathey must have made a horse go lame |
| Inference (must have) | menashatmağan bolurmaI must not have made a horse go lame | senashatmağan bolursayou must not have made a horse go lame | olashatmağan bolurhe must not have made a horse go lame | bizashatmağan bolurbuzwe must not have made a horse go lame | sizashatmağan bolursuzyou all must not have made a horse go lame | alaashatmağan bolurlathey must not have made a horse go lame |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menashatırıq bolurmaI must be going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq bolursayou must be going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq bolurhe must be going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq bolurlathey must be going to make a horse go lame |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menashatmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to make a horse go lame | senashatmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to make a horse go lame | olashatmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to make a horse go lame | bizashatmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to make a horse go lame | sizashatmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to make a horse go lame | alaashatmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to make a horse go lame |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menashatayımlet me make a horse go lame | senashat!make a horse go lame! | olashatsınlet him make a horse go lame | bizashatayıqlet's make a horse go lame | sizashatığız!make a horse go lame, you all! | alaashatsınlalet them make a horse go lame |
| Commands & suggestions | menashatmayımlet me not make a horse go lame | senashatma!don't make a horse go lame! | olashatmasınlet him not make a horse go lame | bizashatmayıqlet's not make a horse go lame | sizashatmağız!don't make a horse go lame, you all! | alaashatmasınlalet them not make a horse go lame |
| Commands & suggestions | menashatayımmı?shall I make a horse go lame? | olashatsınmı?should he make a horse go lame? | bizashatayıqmı?shall we make a horse go lame? | alaashatsınlamı?should they make a horse go lame? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menashatmayımmı?shall I not make a horse go lame? | olashatmasınmı?should he not make a horse go lame? | bizashatmayıqmı?shall we not make a horse go lame? | alaashatmasınlamı?should they not make a horse go lame? | ||
| Requests | senashatçı2ashatçınplease make a horse go lame | olashatsınçıdo let him make a horse go lame | sizashatçığızplease make a horse go lame (plural/polite) | alaashatsınlaçıdo let them make a horse go lame | ||
| Requests | senashatmaçı2ashatmaçınplease don't make a horse go lame | olashatmasınçıdo let him not make a horse go lame | sizashatmaçığızplease don't make a horse go lame (plural/polite) | alaashatmasınlaçıdo let them not make a horse go lame | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senashathınashathımay you make a horse go lame | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senashatmağınashatmağımay you not make a horse go lame | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menashathay edim ashatha edimwould that I made a horse go lame | senashathay ediŋ ashatha ediŋwould that you made a horse go lame | olashathay edi ashatha ediwould that he made a horse go lame | bizashathay edik ashatha edikwould that we made a horse go lame | sizashathay edigiz ashatha edigizwould that you all made a horse go lame | alaashathay edile ashatha edilewould that they made a horse go lame |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menashatmağay edim ashatmağa edimwould that I did not make a horse go lame | senashatmağay ediŋ ashatmağa ediŋwould that you did not make a horse go lame | olashatmağay edi ashatmağa ediwould that he did not make a horse go lame | bizashatmağay edik ashatmağa edikwould that we did not make a horse go lame | sizashatmağay edigiz ashatmağa edigizwould that you all did not make a horse go lame | alaashatmağay edile ashatmağa edilewould that they did not make a horse go lame |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menashatmağa qoyayımashatma qoyayımlet me allow someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoy!ashatma qoy!let someone make a horse go lame! | olashatmağa qoysunashatma qoysunlet him allow someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoyayıqashatma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoyuğuz!ashatma qoyuğuz!let someone make a horse go lame, you all! | alaashatmağa qoysunlaashatma qoysunlalet them allow someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (commands) | menashatmağa qoymayımashatma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoyma!ashatma qoyma!don't let someone make a horse go lame! | olashatmağa qoymasınashatma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoymayıqashatma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoymağız!ashatma qoymağız!don't let someone make a horse go lame, you all! | alaashatmağa qoymasınlaashatma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (commands) | menashatmağa qoyayımmı?ashatma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoysunmu?ashatma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoyayıqmı?ashatma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoysunlamı?ashatma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to make a horse go lame? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menashatmağa qoymayımmı?ashatma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoymasınmı?ashatma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoymayıqmı?ashatma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoymasınlamı?ashatma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to make a horse go lame? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menashatmağa qoyamaashatma qoyamaI allow someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoyasaashatma qoyasayou allow someone to make a horse go lame | olashatmağa qoyadıashatma qoyadıhe allows someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoyabızashatma qoyabızwe allow someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoyasızashatma qoyasızyou all allow someone to make a horse go lame | alaashatmağa qoyadılaashatma qoyadılathey allow someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (present) | menashatmağa qoymaymaashatma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoymaysaashatma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to make a horse go lame | olashatmağa qoymaydıashatma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoymaybızashatma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoymaysızashatma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to make a horse go lame | alaashatmağa qoymaydılaashatma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (present) | menashatmağa qoyamamı?ashatma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to make a horse go lame? | senashatmağa qoyamısa?ashatma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoyamıdı?ashatma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoyabızmı?ashatma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to make a horse go lame? | sizashatmağa qoyamısız?ashatma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoyamıdıla?ashatma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to make a horse go lame? |
| Let someone… (present) | menashatmağa qoymaymamı?ashatma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to make a horse go lame? | senashatmağa qoymaymısa?ashatma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoymaymıdı?ashatma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoymaybızmı?ashatma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to make a horse go lame? | sizashatmağa qoymaymısız?ashatma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoymaymıdıla?ashatma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to make a horse go lame? |
| Let someone… (past) | menashatmağa qoydumashatma qoydumI allowed someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoyduŋashatma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to make a horse go lame | olashatmağa qoyduashatma qoyduhe allowed someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoyduqashatma qoyduqwe allowed someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoyduğuzashatma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to make a horse go lame | alaashatmağa qoydulaashatma qoydulathey allowed someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (past) | menashatmağa qoymadımashatma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | senashatmağa qoymadıŋashatma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | olashatmağa qoymadıashatma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | bizashatmağa qoymadıqashatma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | sizashatmağa qoymadığızashatma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame | alaashatmağa qoymadılaashatma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to make a horse go lame |
| Let someone… (past) | menashatmağa qoydummu?ashatma qoydummu?did I allow someone to make a horse go lame? | senashatmağa qoyduŋmu?ashatma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoydumu?ashatma qoydumu?did he allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoyduqmu?ashatma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to make a horse go lame? | sizashatmağa qoyduğuzmu?ashatma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoydulamı?ashatma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to make a horse go lame? |
| Let someone… (past) | menashatmağa qoymadımmı?ashatma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to make a horse go lame? | senashatmağa qoymadıŋmı?ashatma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to make a horse go lame? | olashatmağa qoymadımı?ashatma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to make a horse go lame? | bizashatmağa qoymadıqmı?ashatma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to make a horse go lame? | sizashatmağa qoymadığızmı?ashatma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to make a horse go lame? | alaashatmağa qoymadılamı?ashatma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to make a horse go lame? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ashatalırğa be able to make a horse go lame · ashatalmazğa be unable to make a horse go lame
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menashatalamaI can make a horse go lame | senashatalasayou can make a horse go lame | olashataladıhe can make a horse go lame | bizashatalabızwe can make a horse go lame | sizashatalasızyou all can make a horse go lame | alaashataladılathey can make a horse go lame |
| Ability — present | menashatalmaymaI can't make a horse go lame | senashatalmaysayou can't make a horse go lame | olashatalmaydıhe can't make a horse go lame | bizashatalmaybızwe can't make a horse go lame | sizashatalmaysızyou all can't make a horse go lame | alaashatalmaydılathey can't make a horse go lame |
| Ability — present | menashatalamamı? ashatalamıma?can I make a horse go lame? | senashatalamısa?can you make a horse go lame? | olashatalamıdı?can he make a horse go lame? | bizashatalabızmı? ashatalamıbız?can we make a horse go lame? | sizashatalamısız?can you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatalamıdıla?can they make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — present | menashatalmaymamı? ashatalmaymıma?can't I make a horse go lame? | senashatalmaymısa?can't you make a horse go lame? | olashatalmaymıdı?can't he make a horse go lame? | bizashatalmaybızmı? ashatalmaymıbız?can't we make a horse go lame? | sizashatalmaymısız?can't you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatalmaymıdıla?can't they make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — if I can… | menashatalsamif I can make a horse go lame | senashatalsaŋif you can make a horse go lame | olashatalsaif he can make a horse go lame | bizashatalsaqif we can make a horse go lame | sizashatalsağızif you all can make a horse go lame | alaashatalsalaif they can make a horse go lame |
| Ability — if I can… | menashatalmasamif I can't make a horse go lame | senashatalmasaŋif you can't make a horse go lame | olashatalmasaif he can't make a horse go lame | bizashatalmasaqif we can't make a horse go lame | sizashatalmasağızif you all can't make a horse go lame | alaashatalmasalaif they can't make a horse go lame |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menashataldımI was able to make a horse go lame | senashataldıŋyou were able to make a horse go lame | olashataldıhe was able to make a horse go lame | bizashataldıqwe were able to make a horse go lame | sizashataldığızyou all were able to make a horse go lame | alaashataldılathey were able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — simple past | menashatalmadımI could not make a horse go lame | senashatalmadıŋyou could not make a horse go lame | olashatalmadıhe could not make a horse go lame | bizashatalmadıqwe could not make a horse go lame | sizashatalmadığızyou all could not make a horse go lame | alaashatalmadılathey could not make a horse go lame |
| Ability — simple past | menashataldımmı?was I able to make a horse go lame? | senashataldıŋmı?were you able to make a horse go lame? | olashataldımı?was he able to make a horse go lame? | bizashataldıqmı?were we able to make a horse go lame? | sizashataldığızmı?were you all able to make a horse go lame? | alaashataldılamı?were they able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — simple past | menashatalmadımmı?couldn't I make a horse go lame? | senashatalmadıŋmı?couldn't you make a horse go lame? | olashatalmadımı?couldn't he make a horse go lame? | bizashatalmadıqmı?couldn't we make a horse go lame? | sizashatalmadığızmı?couldn't you all make a horse go lame? | alaashatalmadılamı?couldn't they make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashatalğanmaI have been able to make a horse go lame | senashatalğansayou have been able to make a horse go lame | olashatalğandıhe has been able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalğanbızwe have been able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalğansızyou all have been able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalğandılathey have been able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashatalmağanmaI haven't been able to make a horse go lame | senashatalmağansayou haven't been able to make a horse go lame | olashatalmağandıhe hasn't been able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalmağanbızwe haven't been able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalmağansızyou all haven't been able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalmağandılathey haven't been able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashatalğanmamı? ashatalğanmıma?have I been able to make a horse go lame? | senashatalğanmısa?have you been able to make a horse go lame? | olashatalğanmıdı?has he been able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatalğanbızmı? ashatalğanmıbız?have we been able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatalğanmısız?have you all been able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatalğanmıdıla?have they been able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashatalmağanmamı? ashatalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to make a horse go lame? | senashatalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to make a horse go lame? | olashatalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatalmağanbızmı? ashatalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — past perfect | menashatalğan edimashatalğanemI had been able to make a horse go lame | senashatalğan ediŋashatalğaneŋyou had been able to make a horse go lame | olashatalğan ediashatalğanedhe had been able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalğan edikashatalğanekwe had been able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalğan edigizashatalğanegizyou all had been able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalğan edileashatalğanellethey had been able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — past perfect | menashatalmağan edimashatalmağanemI hadn't been able to make a horse go lame | senashatalmağan ediŋashatalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to make a horse go lame | olashatalmağan ediashatalmağanedhe hadn't been able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalmağan edikashatalmağanekwe hadn't been able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalmağan edigizashatalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalmağan edileashatalmağanellethey hadn't been able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menashatala edimashatalaemI could make a horse go lame | senashatala ediŋashatalaeŋyou could make a horse go lame | olashatala ediashatalaedhe could make a horse go lame | bizashatala edikashatalaekwe could make a horse go lame | sizashatala edigizashatalaegizyou all could make a horse go lame | alaashatala edileashatalaellethey could make a horse go lame |
| Ability — past background | menashatalmay edimashatalmayemI could not make a horse go lame | senashatalmay ediŋashatalmayeŋyou could not make a horse go lame | olashatalmay ediashatalmayedhe could not make a horse go lame | bizashatalmay edikashatalmayekwe could not make a horse go lame | sizashatalmay edigizashatalmayegizyou all could not make a horse go lame | alaashatalmay edileashatalmayellethey could not make a horse go lame |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menashatalırmaI will be able to make a horse go lame | senashatalırsayou will be able to make a horse go lame | olashatalırhe will be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalırbızwe will be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalırsızyou all will be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalırlathey will be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — future I | menashatalmazmaI won't be able to make a horse go lame | senashatalmazsayou won't be able to make a horse go lame | olashatalmazhe won't be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalmazbızwe won't be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalmazsızyou all won't be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalmazlathey won't be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — future I | menashatalırmamı? ashatalırmıma?will I be able to make a horse go lame? | senashatalırmısa?will you be able to make a horse go lame? | olashatalırmı?will he be able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatalırbızmı? ashatalırmıbız?will we be able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatalırmısız?will you all be able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatalırlamı? ashatalırmıla?will they be able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — future I | menashatalmazmamı? ashatalmazmıma?won't I be able to make a horse go lame? | senashatalmazmısa?won't you be able to make a horse go lame? | olashatalmazmı?won't he be able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatalmazbızmı? ashatalmazmıbız?won't we be able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatalmazmısız?won't you all be able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatalmazlamı? ashatalmazmıla?won't they be able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — future II | menashatallıqmaI am going to be able to make a horse go lame | senashatallıqsayou are going to be able to make a horse go lame | olashatallıqdıhe is going to be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatallıqbızwe are going to be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatallıqsızyou all are going to be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatallıqdılathey are going to be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — future II | menashatallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to make a horse go lame | senashatallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to make a horse go lame | olashatallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — future II | menashatallıqmamı? ashatallıqmıma?am I going to be able to make a horse go lame? | senashatallıqmısa?are you going to be able to make a horse go lame? | olashatallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatallıqbızmı? ashatallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — future II | menashatallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to make a horse go lame? | senashatallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to make a horse go lame? | olashatallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to make a horse go lame? | bizashatallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to make a horse go lame? | sizashatallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to make a horse go lame? | alaashatallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to make a horse go lame? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menashatalır edimashatalır emI would be able to make a horse go lame | senashatalır ediŋashatalır eŋyou would be able to make a horse go lame | olashatalır ediashatalır edhe would be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalır edikashatalır ekwe would be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalır edigizashatalır egizyou all would be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalır edileashatalır ellethey would be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — would be able to… | menashatalmaz edimashatalmaz emI wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame | senashatalmaz ediŋashatalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame | olashatalmaz ediashatalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame | bizashatalmaz edikashatalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame | sizashatalmaz edigizashatalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame | alaashatalmaz edileashatalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to make a horse go lame |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senashatalğınashatalğımay you be able to make a horse go lame | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senashatalmağınashatalmağımay you not be able to make a horse go lame | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menashatırğa izleymeI want to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa izleyseyou want to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa izleydihe wants to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa izleybizwe want to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa izleysizyou all want to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa izleydilethey want to make a horse go lame |
| want to | menashatırğa izlemeymeI do not want to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa izlemeydihe does not want to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to make a horse go lame |
| would like to | menashatırğa süemeI would like to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa süeseyou would like to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa süedihe would like to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa süebizwe would like to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa süesizyou all would like to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa süedilethey would like to make a horse go lame |
| would like to | menashatırğa süymeymeI would not like to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa süymeyseyou would not like to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa süymeydihe would not like to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa süymeybizwe would not like to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa süymeydilethey would not like to make a horse go lame |
| hope to | menashatırğa umutlanamaI hope to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa umutlanasayou hope to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa umutlanabızwe hope to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa umutlanadılathey hope to make a horse go lame |
| hope to | menashatırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to make a horse go lame |
| be about to | menashatırğa deb turamaI am about to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa deb turasayou are about to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa deb turadıhe is about to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa deb turabızwe are about to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa deb turasızyou all are about to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa deb turadılathey are about to make a horse go lame |
| be about to | menashatırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to make a horse go lame |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menashatırğa kerekmeI need to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa kerekseyou need to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa kerekdihe needs to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa kerekbizwe need to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa kereksizyou all need to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa kerekdilethey need to make a horse go lame |
| need to | menashatırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to make a horse go lame |
| have to | menmenŋe ashatırğa tüşediI have to make a horse go lame | sensenŋe ashatırğa tüşediyou have to make a horse go lame | olaŋa ashatırğa tüşedihe has to make a horse go lame | bizbizge ashatırğa tüşediwe have to make a horse go lame | sizsizge ashatırğa tüşediyou all have to make a horse go lame | alaalağa ashatırğa tüşedithey have to make a horse go lame |
| have to | menmenŋe ashatırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to make a horse go lame | sensenŋe ashatırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to make a horse go lame | olaŋa ashatırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to make a horse go lame | bizbizge ashatırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to make a horse go lame | sizsizge ashatırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to make a horse go lame | alaalağa ashatırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to make a horse go lame |
| be obliged to | menashatırğa borçlumaI am obliged to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa borçlusayou are obliged to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa borçluduhe is obliged to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa borçludulathey are obliged to make a horse go lame |
| be obliged to | menashatırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to make a horse go lame |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menashatırğa madarım bardıI have a way to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to make a horse go lame |
| have a way to | menashatırğa madarım joqduI have no way to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to make a horse go lame |
| be free to | menashatırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to make a horse go lame |
| be free to | menashatırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to make a horse go lame |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to make a horse go lame | sensenŋe ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to make a horse go lame | olaŋa ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to make a horse go lame | bizbizge ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to make a horse go lame | sizsizge ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to make a horse go lame | alaalağa ashatırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to make a horse go lame |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to make a horse go lame | sensenŋe ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to make a horse go lame | olaŋa ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to make a horse go lame | bizbizge ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to make a horse go lame | sizsizge ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to make a horse go lame | alaalağa ashatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to make a horse go lame |
| be ready to | menashatırğa hazırmaI am ready to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa hazırsayou are ready to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa hazırdıhe is ready to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa hazırbızwe are ready to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa hazırdılathey are ready to make a horse go lame |
| be ready to | menashatırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to make a horse go lame |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menashatırğa küreşemeI am trying to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa küreşeseyou are trying to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa küreşedihe is trying to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa küreşebizwe are trying to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa küreşedilethey are trying to make a horse go lame |
| try to | menashatırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to make a horse go lame |
| agree to | menashatırğa unaymaI agree to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa unaysayou agree to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa unaydıhe agrees to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa unaybızwe agree to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa unaysızyou all agree to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa unaydılathey agree to make a horse go lame |
| agree to | menashatırğa unamaymaI refuse to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa unamaysayou refuse to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa unamaydıhe refuses to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa unamaybızwe refuse to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa unamaydılathey refuse to make a horse go lame |
| hurry to | menashatırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to make a horse go lame |
| hurry to | menashatırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to make a horse go lame |
| be afraid to | menashatırğa qorqamaI am afraid to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa qorqasayou are afraid to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to make a horse go lame |
| be afraid to | menashatırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to make a horse go lame | senashatırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to make a horse go lame | olashatırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to make a horse go lame | bizashatırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to make a horse go lame | sizashatırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to make a horse go lame | alaashatırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to make a horse go lame |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menashata bolmazmaI can't be making a horse go lame | senashata bolmazsayou can't be making a horse go lame | olashata bolmazhe can't be making a horse go lame | bizashata bolmazbızwe can't be making a horse go lame | sizashata bolmazsızyou all can't be making a horse go lame | alaashata bolmazlathey can't be making a horse go lame |
| Inference, present — double negation | menashatmay bolmazmaI must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) | senashatmay bolmazsayou must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) | olashatmay bolmazhe must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) | bizashatmay bolmazbızwe must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) | sizashatmay bolmazsızyou all must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) | alaashatmay bolmazlathey must be making a horse go lame (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menashata turmasamif I don't keep making a horse go lame | senashata turmasaŋif you don't keep making a horse go lame | olashata turmasaif he doesn't keep making a horse go lame | bizashata turmasaqif we don't keep making a horse go lame | sizashata turmasağızif you all don't keep making a horse go lame | alaashata turmasalaif they don't keep making a horse go lame |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menashata tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame | senashata tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame | olashata tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame | bizashata tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame | sizashata tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame | alaashata tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of making a horse go lame |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menashatmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) | senashatmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) | olashatmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) | bizashatmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) | sizashatmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) | alaashatmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not making a horse go lame (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menashatmay turamaI keep on not making a horse go lame | senashatmay turasayou keep on not making a horse go lame | olashatmay turadıhe keeps on not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay turabızwe keep on not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay turasızyou all keep on not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay turadılathey keep on not making a horse go lame |
| Progressive — double negation | menashatmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not making a horse go lame | senashatmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not making a horse go lame | olashatmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not making a horse go lame | bizashatmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not making a horse go lame | sizashatmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not making a horse go lame | alaashatmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not making a horse go lame |
| Progressive — double negation | menashatmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not making a horse go lame? | senashatmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not making a horse go lame? | olashatmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not making a horse go lame? | bizashatmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not making a horse go lame? | sizashatmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not making a horse go lame? | alaashatmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not making a horse go lame? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menashathan bolmazmaI can't have made a horse go lame | senashathan bolmazsayou can't have made a horse go lame | olashathan bolmazhe can't have made a horse go lame | bizashathan bolmazbızwe can't have made a horse go lame | sizashathan bolmazsızyou all can't have made a horse go lame | alaashathan bolmazlathey can't have made a horse go lame |
| Inference — double negation | menashatmağan bolmazmaI must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) | senashatmağan bolmazsayou must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) | olashatmağan bolmazhe must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) | bizashatmağan bolmazbızwe must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) | sizashatmağan bolmazsızyou all must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) | alaashatmağan bolmazlathey must have made a horse go lame (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menashathan bolmasamif it weren't that I had made a horse go lame | senashathan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had made a horse go lame | olashathan bolmasaif it weren't that he had made a horse go lame | bizashathan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had made a horse go lame | sizashathan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had made a horse go lame | alaashathan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had made a horse go lame |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menashatmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't made a horse go lame | senashatmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't made a horse go lame | olashatmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't made a horse go lame | bizashatmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't made a horse go lame | sizashatmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't made a horse go lame | alaashatmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't made a horse go lame |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menashatırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq bolmazhe can't be going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to make a horse go lame |
| Inference, future — double negation | menashatmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) | senashatmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) | olashatmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) | bizashatmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) | sizashatmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) | alaashatmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to make a horse go lame (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menashatırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to make a horse go lame | senashatırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to make a horse go lame | olashatırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to make a horse go lame | bizashatırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to make a horse go lame | sizashatırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to make a horse go lame | alaashatırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to make a horse go lame |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menashatmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to make a horse go lame | senashatmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to make a horse go lame | olashatmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to make a horse go lame | bizashatmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to make a horse go lame | sizashatmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to make a horse go lame | alaashatmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to make a horse go lame |