aram
/aram/
Definition
witness, the one that bears witness to an oath
- ortabızda emen terek aramdı — the oak standing between us is our witness
- arabızda çınar terek aramdı — the plane tree between us is our witness
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | aramthe witness | aramlathe witnesses | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | aramnıthe witness' | aramlanıthe witnesses' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | aramnıthe witness (as the object) | aramlanıthe witnesses (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | aramğato the witness | aramlağato the witnesses | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | aramdaat / in the witness | aramladaat / in the witnesses | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | aramdanfrom the witness | aramladanfrom the witnesses | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | aramımmy witness | aramlarımmy witnesses |
| your | aramıngyour witness | aramlarıngyour witnesses |
| his / her | aramıhis / her witness | aramlarıhis / her witnesses |
| our | aramıbızour witness | aramlarıbızour witnesses |
| you all's | aramığızyou all's witness | aramlarığızyou all's witnesses |
| their | aramlarıtheir witness | aramlarıtheir witnesses |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: aramları can mean "his / her witnesses", "their witness", or "their witnesses" — context decides.